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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

☒ | Quarterly Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the quarterly period ended April 2, 2023 or

☐ | Transition Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission File Number 001-34218
COGNEX CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Massachusetts |  | 04-2713778
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

One Vision Drive
Natick, Massachusetts 01760-2059
(508) 650-3000

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of principal executive offices)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $.002 per share | CGNX | The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

|  | Yes | ☒ |  |  |  |  | No | ☐ |  |  |

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

|  | Yes | ☒ |  |  |  |  | No | ☐ |  |  |

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one):

Large accelerated filer | ☒ |  |  |  |  | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  |  |  |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  |  |  |  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. o
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). o
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

|  | Yes | ☐ |  |  |  |  | No | ☒ |  |  |

As of April 2, 2023, there were 172,601,360 shares of Common Stock, $.002 par value per share, of the registrant outstanding.

INDEX

PART I | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 3
Item 1. | Financial Statements (interim periods unaudited) | 3
| Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three-month periods ended April 2, 202 3 and April 3, 2022 | 3
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three-month periods ended April 2, 202 3 and April 3, 2022 | 4
| Consolidated Balance Sheets as of April 2, 202 3 and December 31, 2022 | 5
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three-month periods ended April 2, 202 3 and April 3, 2022 | 6
| Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the three-month periods ended April 2, 202 3 and April 3, 2022 | 7
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 8
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 23
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 28
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 29
PART II | OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 30
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 30
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 30
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 30
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 30
Item 5. | Other Information | 30
Item 6. | Exhibits | 31
| Signatures | 32

2

PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
COGNEX CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share amounts)

| Three-months Ended |  |  |
| April 2, 2023 |  | April 3, 2022 |  |  |  |  |
| (unaudited) |  |  |
Revenue | $ | 201,124 |  |  | $ | 282,407 |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenue | 57,384 |  |  | 78,790 |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross margin | 143,740 |  |  | 203,617 |  |  |  |  |  |
Research, development, and engineering expenses | 38,542 |  |  | 36,054 |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general, and administrative expenses | 83,037 |  |  | 80,835 |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating income | 22,161 |  |  | 86,728 |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency gain (loss) | 394 |  |  | (444) |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment income | 3,587 |  |  | 1,468 |  |  |  |  |  |
Other income (expense) | 73 |  |  | (48) |  |  |  |  |  |
Income before income tax expense | 26,215 |  |  | 87,704 |  |  |  |  |  |
Income tax expense | 600 |  |  | 20,371 |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 25,615 |  |  | $ | 67,333 |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income per weighted-average common and common-equivalent share: |
Basic | $ | 0.15 |  |  | $ | 0.39 |  |  |  |  |  |
Diluted | $ | 0.15 |  |  | $ | 0.38 |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average common and common-equivalent shares outstanding: |
Basic | 172,624 |  |  | 174,146 |  |  |  |  |  |
Diluted | 173,903 |  |  | 176,668 |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash dividends per common share | $ | 0.070 |  |  | $ | 0.065 |  |  |  |  |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
3

COGNEX CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In thousands)

| Three-months Ended |  |
| April 2, 2023 |  | April 3, 2022 |  |  |  |
| (unaudited) |  |
Net income | $ | 25,615 |  |  | $ | 67,333 |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized gain (loss), net of tax of $1,858 and $(4,036) in the three-month periods, respectively | 5,426 |  |  | (13,548) |  |  |  |  |
Reclassification of net realized (gain) loss on the sale of available-for-sale investments into current operations | — |  |  | 36 |  |  |  |  |
Net change related to available-for-sale investments | 5,426 |  |  | (13,512) |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (359) |  |  | (2,111) |  |  |  |  |
Net change related to foreign currency translation adjustments | (359) |  |  | (2,111) |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 5,067 |  |  | (15,623) |  |  |  |  |
Total comprehensive income | $ | 30,682 |  |  | $ | 51,710 |  |  |  |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
4

COGNEX CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands)

| April 2, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
| (unaudited) |  |
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 164,171 |  |  | $ | 181,374 |
Current investments, amortized cost of $220,943 and $223,545 in 2023 and 2022, respectively, allowance for credit losses of $0 in 2023 and 2022 | 216,703 |  |  | 218,759 |
Accounts receivable, allowance for credit losses of $1,001 and $730 in 2023 and 2022, respectively | 144,154 |  |  | 125,417 |
Unbilled revenue | 2,354 |  |  | 2,179 |
Inventories | 127,147 |  |  | 122,480 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 67,634 |  |  | 67,490 |
Total current assets | 722,163 |  |  | 717,699 |
Non-current investments, amortized cost of $478,329 and $476,148 in 2023 and 2022, respectively, allowance for credit losses of $0 in 2023 and 2022 | 463,039 |  |  | 454,117 |
Property, plant, and equipment, net | 81,274 |  |  | 79,714 |
Operating lease assets | 37,769 |  |  | 37,682 |
Goodwill | 242,041 |  |  | 242,630 |
Intangible assets, net | 11,472 |  |  | 12,414 |
Deferred income taxes | 409,583 |  |  | 407,241 |
Other assets | 6,725 |  |  | 6,643 |
Total assets | $ | 1,974,066 |  |  | $ | 1,958,140 |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 26,939 |  |  | $ | 27,103 |
Accrued expenses | 83,527 |  |  | 93,235 |
Accrued income taxes | 37,529 |  |  | 18,129 |
Deferred revenue and customer deposits | 57,805 |  |  | 40,787 |
Operating lease liabilities | 8,177 |  |  | 8,454 |
Total current liabilities | 213,977 |  |  | 187,708 |
Non-current operating lease liabilities | 31,389 |  |  | 31,298 |
Deferred income taxes | 243,557 |  |  | 249,961 |
Reserve for income taxes | 20,030 |  |  | 15,866 |
Non-current accrued income taxes | 18,338 |  |  | 33,008 |
Other liabilities | 444 |  |  | 1,905 |
Total liabilities | 527,735 |  |  | 519,746 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10) |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, $.01 par value – Authorized: 400 shares in 2023 and 2022, respectively; no shares issued and outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $.002 par value – Authorized: 300,000 shares in 2023 and 2022, respectively; issued and outstanding: 172,601 and 172,631 shares in 2023 and 2022, respectively | 345 |  |  | 345 |
Additional paid-in capital | 992,690 |  |  | 979,167 |
Retained earnings | 517,526 |  |  | 528,179 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax | (64,230) |  |  | (69,297) |
Total shareholders’ equity | 1,446,331 |  |  | 1,438,394 |
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity | $ | 1,974,066 |  |  | $ | 1,958,140 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
5

COGNEX CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)

| Three-months Ended
| April 2, 2023 |  | April 3, 2022
| (unaudited)
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 25,615 |  |  | $ | 67,333 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Stock-based compensation expense | 16,579 |  |  | 15,056 |
Depreciation of property, plant, and equipment | 3,986 |  |  | 4,117 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 942 |  |  | 840 |
Excess and obsolete inventory charges | 788 |  |  | 379 |
Amortization of discounts or premiums on investments | 700 |  |  | 1,402 |
Realized loss (gain) on sale of investments | — |  |  | 36 |
Change in deferred income taxes | (10,656) |  |  | (3,891) |
Change in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | (18,455) |  |  | (24,700) |
Unbilled revenue | (173) |  |  | 2,144 |
Inventories | (5,338) |  |  | (23,900) |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 231 |  |  | 4,212 |
Accounts payable | (192) |  |  | 708 |
Accrued expenses | (9,942) |  |  | (28,718) |
Accrued income taxes | 4,721 |  |  | 16,745 |
Deferred revenue and customer deposits | 17,003 |  |  | 18,712 |
Other | 1,744 |  |  | (958) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 27,553 |  |  | 49,517 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Purchases of investments | (46,480) |  |  | (39,155) |
Maturities and sales of investments | 46,199 |  |  | 112,976 |
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment | (5,507) |  |  | (4,585) |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (5,788) |  |  | 69,236 |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Net payments from issuance of common stock under stock plans | (3,055) |  |  | 3,594 |
Repurchase of common stock | (24,178) |  |  | (130,405) |
Payment of dividends | (12,091) |  |  | (11,303) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (39,324) |  |  | (138,114) |
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 356 |  |  | (1,031) |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents | (17,203) |  |  | (20,392) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 181,374 |  |  | 186,161 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 164,171 |  |  | $ | 165,769 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
6

COGNEX CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In thousands)

| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity
| Shares |  | Par Value |  |  |  |
Balance as of December 31, 2022 | 172,631 |  |  | $ | 345 |  |  | $ | 979,167 |  |  | $ | 528,179 |  |  | $ | (69,297) |  |  | $ | 1,438,394 |
Net issuance of common stock under stock plans | 449 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (3,056) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,055) |
Repurchase of common stock | (479) |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (24,177) |  |  | — |  |  | (24,178) |
Stock-based compensation expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,579 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,579 |
Payment of dividends ($0.070 per common share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,091) |  |  | — |  |  | (12,091) |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25,615 |  |  | — |  |  | 25,615 |
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments, net of tax of $1,858 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,426 |  |  | 5,426 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (359) |  |  | (359) |
Balance as of April 2, 2023 (unaudited) | 172,601 |  |  | $ | 345 |  |  | $ | 992,690 |  |  | $ | 517,526 |  |  | $ | (64,230) |  |  | $ | 1,446,331 |

| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity
| Shares |  | Par Value |  |  |  |
Balance as of December 31, 2021 | 175,481 |  |  | $ | 351 |  |  | $ | 914,802 |  |  | $ | 562,882 |  |  | $ | (47,942) |  |  | $ | 1,430,093 |
Net issuance of common stock under stock plans | 136 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,594 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,594 |
Repurchase of common stock | (1,879) |  |  | (4) |  |  | — |  |  | (130,401) |  |  | — |  |  | (130,405) |
Stock-based compensation expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15,056 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15,056 |
Payment of dividends ($0.065 per common share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,303) |  |  | — |  |  | (11,303) |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 67,333 |  |  | — |  |  | 67,333 |
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments, net of tax of $(4,036) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (13,548) |  |  | (13,548) |
Reclassification of net realized (gain) loss on the sale of available-for-sale investments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36 |  |  | 36 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,111) |  |  | (2,111) |
Balance as of April 3, 2022 (unaudited) | 173,738 |  |  | $ | 347 |  |  | $ | 933,452 |  |  | $ | 488,511 |  |  | $ | (63,565) |  |  | $ | 1,358,745 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
7

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
As permitted by the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission applicable to Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, these notes are condensed and do not contain all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Reference should be made to the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 for a full description of other significant accounting policies.
In the opinion of the management of Cognex Corporation (the "Company"), the accompanying consolidated unaudited financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting of normal, recurring adjustments, and financial statement reclassifications necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of April 2, 2023, and the results of its operations for the three-month periods ended April 2, 2023 and April 3, 2022, and changes in shareholders’ equity, comprehensive income, and cash flows for the periods presented.
The results disclosed in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three-month period ended April 2, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
NOTE 2: New Pronouncements
Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2020-04, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting", (ASU) 2021-01, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope", and Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2022-06, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848"
The amendments in these ASUs apply to all entities that have contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. Together, the ASUs provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The expedients and exceptions provided by the amendments do not apply to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2024, except for hedging relationships existing as of December 31, 2024 that an entity has elected certain optional expedients for and that are retained through the end of the hedging relationship. The amendments in these ASUs are effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2024. Management adopted Topic 848 on January 1, 2023, and now uses the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR). The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements and disclosures.
8

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 3: Fair Value Measurements
Financial Assets and Liabilities that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table summarizes the financial assets and liabilities required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of April 2, 2023 (in thousands):

| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |
Money market instruments | $ | 3,618 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Corporate bonds | — |  |  | 545,863 |  |  | — |
Treasury bills | — |  |  | 61,112 |  |  | — |
Asset-backed securities | — |  |  | 54,146 |  |  | — |
Agency bonds | — |  |  | 16,038 |  |  | — |
Sovereign bonds | — |  |  | 1,954 |  |  | — |
Municipal bonds | — |  |  | 629 |  |  | — |
Economic hedge forward contracts | — |  |  | 154 |  |  | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Economic hedge forward contracts | — |  |  | 74 |  |  | — |

The Company’s money market instruments are reported at fair value based upon the daily market price for identical assets in active markets, and are therefore classified as Level 1.
The Company’s debt securities and forward contracts are reported at fair value based on model-driven valuations in which all significant inputs are observable or can be derived from or corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the asset or liability, and are therefore classified as Level 2. Management is responsible for estimating the fair value of these financial assets and liabilities, and in doing so, considers valuations provided by a large, third-party pricing service. For debt securities, this service maintains regular contact with market makers, brokers, dealers, and analysts to gather information on market movement, direction, trends, and other specific data. They use this information to structure yield curves for various types of debt securities and arrive at the daily valuations. The Company's forward contracts are typically traded or executed in over-the-counter markets with a high degree of pricing transparency. The market participants are generally large commercial banks.
Non-financial Assets that are Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis
Non-financial assets, such as property, plant and equipment, operating lease assets, goodwill, and intangible assets, are required to be measured at fair value only when an impairment loss is recognized. The Company did not record impairment charges related to non-financial assets during the three-month periods ended April 2, 2023 or April 3, 2022.
9

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 4: Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Investments
Cash, cash equivalents, and investments consisted of the following (in thousands):

| April 2, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Cash | $ | 160,553 |  |  | $ | 180,959 |
Money market instruments | 3,618 |  |  | 415 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 164,171 |  |  | 181,374 |
Corporate bonds | 160,320 |  |  | 164,055 |
Asset-backed securities | 31,265 |  |  | 26,890 |
Agency bonds | 16,038 |  |  | 15,858 |
Treasury bills | 8,451 |  |  | 11,332 |
Municipal bonds | 629 |  |  | 624 |
Current investments | 216,703 |  |  | 218,759 |
Corporate bonds | 385,543 |  |  | 374,440 |
Treasury bills | 52,661 |  |  | 44,214 |
Asset-backed securities | 22,881 |  |  | 33,539 |
Sovereign bonds | 1,954 |  |  | 1,924 |
Non-current investments | 463,039 |  |  | 454,117 |
| $ | 843,913 |  |  | $ | 854,250 |

Corporate bonds consist of debt securities issued by both domestic and foreign companies; asset-backed securities consist of debt securities collateralized by pools of receivables or loans with credit enhancement; agency bonds consist of domestic or foreign obligations of government agencies and government-sponsored enterprises that have government backing; treasury bills consist of debt securities issued by the U.S. government; municipal bonds consist of debt securities issued by state and local government entities; and sovereign bonds consist of direct debt issued by foreign governments. All of the Company's securities as of April 2, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were denominated in U.S. Dollars.
Accrued interest receivable is recorded in "Prepaid expenses and other current assets" on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and amounted to $4,559,000 and $3,620,000 as of April 2, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
The following table summarizes the Company’s available-for-sale investments as of April 2, 2023 (in thousands):

| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate bonds | $ | 163,537 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | (3,220) |  |  | $ | 160,320 |
Asset-backed securities | 32,016 |  |  | — |  |  | (751) |  |  | 31,265 |
Agency bonds | 16,148 |  |  | — |  |  | (110) |  |  | 16,038 |
Treasury bills | 8,607 |  |  | — |  |  | (156) |  |  | 8,451 |
Municipal bonds | 635 |  |  | — |  |  | (6) |  |  | 629 |
Non-current: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate bonds | 400,051 |  |  | 1,623 |  |  | (16,131) |  |  | 385,543 |
Treasury bills | 52,290 |  |  | 489 |  |  | (118) |  |  | 52,661 |
Asset-backed securities | 23,905 |  |  | 117 |  |  | (1,141) |  |  | 22,881 |
Sovereign bonds | 2,083 |  |  | — |  |  | (129) |  |  | 1,954 |
| $ | 699,272 |  |  | $ | 2,232 |  |  | $ | (21,762) |  |  | $ | 679,742 |

10

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
The following table summarizes the Company’s gross unrealized losses and fair values for available-for-sale investments in an unrealized loss position as of April 2, 2023 (in thousands):

| Unrealized Loss Position For: |  |
| Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or Greater |  | Total
| Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
Corporate bonds | $ | 81,931 |  |  | $ | (1,098) |  |  | $ | 350,244 |  |  | $ | (18,253) |  |  | $ | 432,175 |  |  | $ | (19,351) |
Asset-backed securities | 10,998 |  |  | (213) |  |  | 32,783 |  |  | (1,679) |  |  | 43,781 |  |  | (1,892) |
Agency bonds | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,037 |  |  | (110) |  |  | 16,037 |  |  | (110) |
Treasury bills | 4,878 |  |  | (117) |  |  | 8,451 |  |  | (157) |  |  | 13,329 |  |  | (274) |
Sovereign bonds | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,954 |  |  | (129) |  |  | 1,954 |  |  | (129) |
Municipal bonds | 629 |  |  | (6) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 629 |  |  | (6) |
| $ | 98,436 |  |  | $ | (1,434) |  |  | $ | 409,469 |  |  | $ | (20,328) |  |  | $ | 507,905 |  |  | $ | (21,762) |

Management monitors debt securities that are in an unrealized loss position to determine whether a loss exists related to the credit quality of the issuer. When developing an estimate of expected credit losses, management considers all relevant information including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable forecasts of expected future cash flows. Based on this evaluation, no allowance for credit losses on debt securities was recorded as of April 2, 2023 or December 31, 2022. There was no activity recorded in the allowance for credit losses during the three-month periods ended April 2, 2023 or April 3, 2022. Management currently intends to hold these securities to full value recovery at maturity.
The Company recorded no gross realized gains or gross realized losses on the sale of debt securities for the three-month period ended April 2, 2023. The Company recorded gross realized gains and gross realized losses on the sale of debt securities totaling $118,000 and $154,000, respectively, for the three-month period ended April 3, 2022. Realized gains and losses are included in "Investment income" on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Prior to the sale of these securities, unrealized gains and losses for these debt securities, net of tax, were recorded in shareholders’ equity as accumulated other comprehensive loss.
The following table presents the effective maturity dates of the Company’s available-for-sale investments as of April 2, 2023 (in thousands):

| <1 year |  | 1-2 Years |  | 2-3 Years |  | 3-4 Years |  | 4-5 Years |  | 5-8 Years |  | Total
Corporate bonds | $ | 160,320 |  |  | $ | 166,170 |  |  | $ | 87,347 |  |  | $ | 63,241 |  |  | $ | 66,558 |  |  | $ | 2,227 |  |  | $ | 545,863 |
Treasury bills | 8,451 |  |  | 3,414 |  |  | 15,156 |  |  | 17,837 |  |  | 16,254 |  |  | — |  |  | 61,112 |
Asset-backed securities | 31,265 |  |  | 2,579 |  |  | 12,599 |  |  | 7,703 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 54,146 |
Agency bonds | 16,038 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,038 |
Sovereign bonds | — |  |  | 978 |  |  | 976 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,954 |
Municipal bonds | 629 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 629 |
| $ | 216,703 |  |  | $ | 173,141 |  |  | $ | 116,078 |  |  | $ | 88,781 |  |  | $ | 82,812 |  |  | $ | 2,227 |  |  | $ | 679,742 |

NOTE 5: Inventories
Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands):

| April 2, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Raw materials | $ | 77,520 |  |  | $ | 71,720 |
Work-in-process | 1,489 |  |  | 906 |
Finished goods | 48,138 |  |  | 49,854 |
| $ | 127,147 |  |  | $ | 122,480 |

11

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 6: Leases
The Company's leases are primarily leased properties across different worldwide locations where the Company conducts its operations. All of these leases are classified as operating leases. Certain leases may contain options to extend or terminate the lease at the Company's sole discretion.
As of April 2, 2023, there was one option to terminate and eighteen options to extend that were accounted for in the determination of the lease term for outstanding leases. Certain leases contain leasehold improvement incentives, retirement obligations, escalating clauses, rent holidays, and variable payments tied to a consumer price index. There were no restrictions or covenants for outstanding leases as of April 2, 2023.
The total operating lease expense for the three-month periods ended April 2, 2023 and April 3, 2022 were $2,392,000 and $2,229,000, respectively. The total operating lease cash payments for the three-month periods ended April 2, 2023 and April 3, 2022 were $2,404,000 and $2,079,000, respectively. The total lease expense for leases with a term of twelve months or less for which the Company elected not to recognize a lease asset or lease liability for the three-month periods ended April 2, 2023 and April 3, 2022 was $24,000 and $38,000, respectively.
Future operating lease cash payments are as follows (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31, |  | Amount
Remainder of fiscal 2023 |  | $ | 7,284 |
2024 |  | 7,530 |
2025 |  | 5,477 |
2026 |  | 4,221 |
2027 |  | 3,716 |
2028 |  | 3,448 |
Thereafter |  | 12,769 |
|  | $ | 44,445 |

The discounted present value of the future lease cash payments resulted in a total lease liability of $39,566,000 and $39,752,000 as of April 2, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company did not have any leases that had not yet commenced but that created significant rights and obligations as of April 2, 2023.
In December 2021, the Company entered into a lease for a 65,000 square-foot building in Southborough, Massachusetts for a term of ten years to serve as a new distribution center for customers in the Americas. The Company has the right and option to extend the term of this lease for an additional period of five years, commencing upon the expiration of the original ten-year term. This lease commenced during the first quarter of 2022, and therefore the Company recorded approximately $9,271,000 within "Operating lease assets" and "Operating lease liabilities" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets on the commencement date.
The weighted-average discount rate was 3.3% for the leases outstanding as of both April 2, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The weighted-average remaining lease term was 7.6 and 7.8 years for the leases outstanding as of April 2, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
NOTE 7: Goodwill
The changes in the carrying value of goodwill were as follows (in thousands):

Balance as of December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 242,630 |
Foreign exchange rate changes |  | (589) |
Balance as of April 2, 2023 |  | $ | 242,041 |

12

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 8: Intangible Assets
Amortized intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

| Gross Carrying Value |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Value
Completed technologies | $ | 28,017 |  |  | $ | (18,492) |  |  | $ | 9,525 |
Customer relationships | 5,838 |  |  | (4,040) |  |  | 1,798 |
Non-compete agreements | 340 |  |  | (191) |  |  | 149 |
Balance as of April 2, 2023 | $ | 34,195 |  |  | $ | (22,723) |  |  | $ | 11,472 |
| Gross Carrying Value |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Value
Completed technologies | $ | 28,017 |  |  | $ | (17,744) |  |  | $ | 10,273 |
Customer relationships | 5,838 |  |  | (3,860) |  |  | 1,978 |
Non-compete agreements | 340 |  |  | (177) |  |  | 163 |
Balance as of December 31, 2022 | $ | 34,195 |  |  | $ | (21,781) |  |  | $ | 12,414 |

As of April 2, 2023, estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets was as follows (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31, |  | Amount
Remainder of fiscal 2023 |  | $ | 2,195 |
2024 |  | 2,623 |
2025 |  | 2,300 |
2026 |  | 1,995 |
2027 |  | 1,273 |
2028 |  | 543 |
Thereafter |  | 543 |
|  | $ | 11,472 |

NOTE 9: Warranty Obligations
The Company records the estimated cost of fulfilling product warranties at the time of sale based upon historical costs to fulfill claims. Obligations may also be recorded subsequent to the time of sale whenever specific events or changes in circumstances impacting product quality become known that would not have been taken into account using historical data. While we engage in extensive product quality programs and processes, including actively monitoring and evaluating the quality of our component suppliers and third-party contract manufacturers, the Company’s warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates, material usage, and service delivery costs incurred in correcting a product failure. An adverse change in any of these factors may result in the need for additional warranty provisions. Warranty obligations are included in “Accrued expenses” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The changes in the warranty obligation were as follows (in thousands):

Balance as of December 31, 2022 | $ | 4,375 |
Provisions for warranties issued during the period | 527 |
Fulfillment of warranty obligations | (828) |
Balance as of April 2, 2023 | $ | 4,074 |

13

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 10: Commitments and Contingencies
As of April 2, 2023, the Company had outstanding purchase orders totaling $47,486,000 to procure inventory from various vendors. Certain of these purchase orders may be canceled by the Company, subject to cancellation penalties. These purchase commitments relate primarily to expected sales in the next twelve months.
A significant portion of the Company's outstanding inventory purchase orders as of April 2, 2023, as well as additional preauthorized commitments to procure strategic components based on the Company's expected customer demand, are placed with the Company's primary contract manufacturer for the Company's assembled products. The Company has the obligation to purchase any non-cancelable and non-returnable components that have been purchased by the contract manufacturer with the Company's preauthorization, when these components have not been consumed within the period defined in the terms of the Company's agreement with this contract manufacturer. While the Company typically expects such purchased components to be used in future production of Cognex finished goods, these components are considered in the Company's reserve estimate for excess and obsolete inventory. Furthermore, the Company accrues for losses on commitments for the future purchase of non-cancelable and non-returnable components from this contract manufacturer at the time that circumstances, such as changes in demand, indicate that the value of the components may not be recoverable, the loss is probable, and management has the ability to reasonably estimate the amount of the loss.
Various claims and legal proceedings generally incidental to the normal course of business are pending or threatened on behalf of or against the Company. While we cannot predict the outcome of these matters, we believe that any liability arising from them will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity, or results of operations.
NOTE 11: Derivative Instruments
The Company’s foreign currency risk management strategy is principally designed to mitigate the potential financial impact of changes in the value of transactions and balances denominated in foreign currencies resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company enters into economic hedges utilizing foreign currency forward contracts with maturities that do not exceed approximately three months to manage the exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates arising primarily from foreign-denominated receivables and payables. The gains and losses on these derivatives are intended to be offset by the changes in the fair value of the assets and liabilities being hedged. These economic hedges are not designated as hedging instruments for hedge accounting treatment.
The Company had the following outstanding forward contracts (in thousands):

| April 2, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Currency | Notional Value |  | USD Equivalent |  | Notional Value |  | USD Equivalent
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments: |  |  |  |
Euro | 32,500 |  |  | $ | 35,529 |  |  | 60,000 |  |  | $ | 64,174 |
Mexican Peso | 155,000 |  |  | 8,498 |  |  | 185,000 |  |  | 9,480 |
Hungarian Forint | 1,890,000 |  |  | 5,381 |  |  | 1,590,000 |  |  | 4,238 |
Japanese Yen | 600,000 |  |  | 4,536 |  |  | 700,000 |  |  | 5,281 |
British Pound | 3,485 |  |  | 4,313 |  |  | 3,445 |  |  | 4,161 |
Canadian Dollar | 1,705 |  |  | 1,261 |  |  | 1,730 |  |  | 1,278 |
Chinese Renminbi | — |  |  | — |  |  | 55,000 |  |  | 7,619 |
Swiss Franc | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,120 |  |  | 1,218 |

14

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Information regarding the fair value of the outstanding forward contracts was as follows (in thousands):

| Asset Derivatives |  | Liability Derivatives
| Balance |  | Fair Value |  | Balance |  | Fair Value
| Sheet Location |  | April 2, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  | Sheet Location |  | April 2, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |
Economic hedge forward contracts | Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | $ | 154 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | Accrued expenses |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 479 |

The following table presents the gross activity for all derivative assets and liabilities which were presented on a net basis on the Consolidated Balance Sheets due to the right of offset with each counterparty (in thousands):

Asset Derivatives |  | Liability Derivatives
|  | April 2, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  |  |  | April 2, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Gross amounts of recognized assets |  | $ | 154 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | Gross amounts of recognized liabilities |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 479 |
Gross amounts offset |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | Gross amounts offset |  | — |  |  | — |
Net amount of assets presented |  | $ | 154 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | Net amount of liabilities presented |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 479 |

Information regarding the effect of derivative instruments on the consolidated financial statements was as follows (in thousands):

| Location in Financial Statements |  | Three-months Ended |  |
|  | April 2, 2023 |  | April 3, 2022 |  |  |  |
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments: |  |  |
Gains (losses) recognized in current operations | Foreign currency gain (loss) |  | $ | (1,471) |  |  | $ | 1,739 |  |  |  |  |

15

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 12: Revenue Recognition
The following table summarizes disaggregated revenue information by geographic area based upon the customer's country of domicile (in thousands):

|  | Three-months Ended |  |
|  | April 2, 2023 |  | April 3, 2022 |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 80,442 |  |  | $ | 126,658 |  |  |  |  |
Europe |  | 59,842 |  |  | 62,792 |  |  |  |  |
Greater China |  | 33,172 |  |  | 48,406 |  |  |  |  |
Other Asia |  | 27,668 |  |  | 44,551 |  |  |  |  |
|  | $ | 201,124 |  |  | $ | 282,407 |  |  |  |  |

The following table summarizes disaggregated revenue information by revenue type (in thousands):

|  | Three-months Ended |  |
|  | April 2, 2023 |  | April 3, 2022 |  |  |  |
Standard products and services |  | $ | 190,783 |  |  | $ | 257,880 |  |  |  |  |
Application-specific customer solutions |  | 10,341 |  |  | 24,527 |  |  |  |  |
|  | $ | 201,124 |  |  | $ | 282,407 |  |  |  |  |

Costs to Fulfill a Contract
Costs to fulfill a contract are included in "Prepaid expenses and other current assets" on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and amounted to $20,219,000 and $14,578,000 as of April 2, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Accounts Receivable, Contract Assets, and Contract Liabilities
Accounts receivable represent amounts billed and currently due from customers which are reported at their net estimated realizable value. The Company maintains an allowance against its accounts receivable for credit losses. Contract assets consist of unbilled revenue which arises when revenue is recognized in advance of billing for certain application-specific customer solutions contracts. Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue and customer deposits which arise when amounts are billed to or collected from customers in advance of revenue recognition.
The following table summarizes the allowance for credit losses activity for the three-month period ended April 2, 2023 (in thousands):

Balance as of December 31, 2022 | $ | 730 |
Increases to the allowance for credit losses | 350 |
Write-offs, net of recoveries | (78) |
Foreign exchange rate changes | (1) |
Balance as of April 2, 2023 | $ | 1,001 |

16

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
The following table summarizes the deferred revenue and customer deposits activity for the three-month period ended April 2, 2023 (in thousands):

Balance as of December 31, 2022 | $ | 40,787 |
Deferral of revenue billed in the current period, net of recognition | 34,786 |
Recognition of revenue deferred in prior period | (8,578) |
Returned customer deposit | (9,205) |
Foreign exchange rate changes | 15 |
Balance as of April 2, 2023 | $ | 57,805 |

As a practical expedient, the Company has elected not to disclose the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations, as our contracts have an original expected duration of less than one year.
NOTE 13: Stock-Based Compensation Expense
Stock Plans
The Company’s stock-based awards that result in compensation expense consist of stock options, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), and performance restricted stock units ("PRSUs"). As of April 2, 2023, the Company had 12,116,000 shares available for grant under its stock plans. Stock options are granted with an exercise price equal to the market value of the Company’s common stock at the grant date and generally vest over four or five years based upon continuous service and expire ten years from the grant date. RSUs generally vest upon three or four years of continuous employment or incrementally over such three or four-year periods. PRSUs generally vest upon three years of continuous employment and achievement of performance criteria established by the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors on or prior to the grant date. Participants are not entitled to dividends on stock options, RSUs, or PRSUs.
Stock Options
The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity for the three-month period ended April 2, 2023:

| Shares (in thousands) |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 | 8,467 |  |  | $ | 51.56 |  |  |  |  |
Granted | 1,228 |  |  | 47.21 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | (140) |  |  | 28.36 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited or expired | (247) |  |  | 58.05 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding as of April 2, 2023 | 9,308 |  |  | $ | 51.16 |  |  | 6.53 |  | $ | 37,312 |
Exercisable as of April 2, 2023 | 5,433 |  |  | $ | 47.45 |  |  | 5.12 |  | $ | 33,531 |
Options vested or expected to vest as of April 2, 2023 (1) | 8,735 |  |  | $ | 50.90 |  |  | 6.37 |  | $ | 36,643 |

(1) In addition to the vested options, the Company expects a portion of the unvested options to vest at some point in the future. Options expected to vest are calculated by applying an estimated forfeiture rate to the unvested options.
17

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
The fair values of stock options granted in each period presented were estimated using the following weighted-average assumptions:

| Three-months Ended |  |
| April 2, 2023 |  | April 3, 2022 |  |  |  |
Risk-free rate | 4.0 | % |  | 1.9 | % |  |  |  |
Expected dividend yield | 0.59 | % |  | 0.40 | % |  |  |  |
Expected volatility | 39 | % |  | 37 | % |  |  |  |
Expected term (in years) | 4.3 |  | 5.2 |  |  |  |

Risk-free rate
The risk-free rate was based upon a treasury instrument whose term was consistent with the contractual term of the option.
Expected dividend yield
Generally, the current dividend yield is calculated by annualizing the cash dividend declared by the Company’s Board of Directors and dividing that result by the closing stock price on the grant date.
Expected volatility
The expected volatility was based upon a combination of historical volatility of the Company’s common stock over the contractual term of the option and implied volatility for traded options of the Company’s stock.
Expected term
The expected term was derived from the binomial lattice model from the impact of events that trigger exercises over time.
The weighted-average grant-date fair values of stock options granted during the three-month periods ended April 2, 2023 and April 3, 2022 were $17.79 and $22.45, respectively.
The total intrinsic values of stock options exercised for the three-month periods ended April 2, 2023 and April 3, 2022 were $3,439,000 and $2,615,000, respectively. The total fair values of stock options vested for the three-month periods ended April 2, 2023 and April 3, 2022 were $31,181,000 and $25,535,000, respectively.
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
The following table summarizes the Company's RSUs activity for the three-month period ended April 2, 2023:

| Shares (in thousands) |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested as of December 31, 2022 | 1,269 |  |  | $ | 61.74 |
Granted | 635 |  |  | 46.61 |
Vested | (453) |  |  | 59.11 |
Forfeited or expired | (32) |  |  | 66.98 |
Nonvested as of April 2, 2023 | 1,419 |  |  | $ | 55.69 |

The fair value of RSUs is determined based on the observable market price of the Company's stock on the grant date less the present value of expected future dividends. The weighted-average grant-date fair values of RSUs granted during the three-month periods ended April 2, 2023 and April 3, 2022 were $46.61 and $63.96, respectively. There were 453,000 and 54,000 RSUs that vested during the three-month periods ended April 2, 2023 and April 3, 2022, respectively.
18

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Performance Restricted Stock Units (PRSUs)
The following table summarizes the Company's PRSUs activity for the three-month period ended April 2, 2023:

| Shares (in thousands) |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested as of December 31, 2022 | 33 |  |  | $ | 62.49 |
Granted | 46 |  |  | 44.86 |
Vested | — |  |  | — |
Forfeited or expired | — |  |  | — |
Nonvested as of April 2, 2023 | 79 |  |  | $ | 52.23 |

The fair value of PRSUs is calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation model to estimate the probability of satisfying the service and market conditions stipulated in the award grant. There were 46,000 and 33,000 PRSUs granted during the three-month periods ended April 2, 2023 and April 3, 2022, respectively. No PRSUs vested during the three-month periods ended April 2, 2023 and April 3, 2022.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
The Company stratifies its employee population into three groups: one consisting of the CEO, one consisting of senior management, and another consisting of all other employees. The Company currently applies an estimated annual forfeiture rate of 0% to all stock-based awards for the CEO, 8% to all stock-based awards for senior management, and a rate of 13% for all other employees. Each year during the first quarter, the Company revises its forfeiture rate based on updated estimates of employee turnover. This resulted in a decrease to compensation expense of $234,000 in 2023 and an increase to compensation expense of $1,536,000 in 2022.
As of April 2, 2023, total unrecognized compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, related to non-vested equity awards, including stock options, RSUs, and PRSUs, was $86,841,000, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.4 years.
The total stock-based compensation expense and the related income tax benefit recognized for the three-month period ended April 2, 2023 were $16,579,000 and $2,308,000, respectively. The total stock-based compensation expense and the related income tax benefit recognized for the three-month period ended April 3, 2022 were $15,056,000 and $2,319,000, respectively. No compensation expense was capitalized as of April 2, 2023 or December 31, 2022.
The following table presents the stock-based compensation expense by caption for each period presented on the Consolidated Statements of Operations (in thousands):

| Three-months Ended |  |
| April 2, 2023 |  | April 3, 2022 |  |  |  |
Cost of revenue | $ | 621 |  |  | $ | 563 |  |  |  |  |
Research, development, and engineering | 5,890 |  |  | 4,448 |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general, and administrative | 10,068 |  |  | 10,045 |  |  |  |  |
| $ | 16,579 |  |  | $ | 15,056 |  |  |  |  |

19

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 14: Stock Repurchase Program
On March 12, 2020, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of $200,000,000 of the Company's common stock. Under this March 2020 program, in addition to repurchases made in prior years, the Company repurchased 1,677,000 shares at a cost of $117,000,000 during the three-month period ended April 3, 2022, which completed purchases under this program. On March 3, 2022, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an additional $500,000,000 of the Company's common stock. Under this March 2022 program, the Company repurchased 202,000 shares at a cost of $13,405,000 during the three-month period ended April 3, 2022. Under this same March 2022 program, in addition to purchases made during the prior year, the Company repurchased 479,000 shares at a total cost of $24,178,000 during the three-month period ended April 2, 2023 leaving a remaining balance of $388,508,000 as of April 2, 2023. The Company may repurchase shares under this program in future periods depending on a variety of factors, including, among other things, the impact of dilution from employee stock awards, stock price, share availability, and cash requirements. The Company is authorized to make repurchases of its common stock through open market purchases, pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, or in privately negotiated transactions.
NOTE 15: Income Taxes
The Company's effective tax rate was 2% for the three-month period ended April 2, 2023, and 23% for the three-month period ended April 3, 2022.
The Company has defined its major tax jurisdictions as the United States, Ireland, China, and Korea, and within the United States, Massachusetts. The statutory tax rate is 12.5% in Ireland, 25% in China, and 22% in Korea compared to the U.S. federal statutory corporate tax rate of 21%. These foreign tax rate differences resulted in a net decrease to the effective tax rate for both the three-month periods ended April 2, 2023 and April 3, 2022.
The Company recorded a net discrete tax benefit totaling $3,594,000 for the three-month period ended April 2, 2023, and a net discrete tax expense totaling $6,338,000 for the same period in 2022.
Discrete tax items for the three-month period ended April 2, 2023 included (1) an increase in tax expense of $1,068,000 related to stock-based compensation; (2) a decrease in tax expense of $2,292,000 for releasing tax reserves on state tax credits; (3) a decrease in tax expense of $2,198,000 for adjustments to certain deferred tax assets; and (4) a decrease in tax expense of $172,000 for return-to-provision adjustments.
Discrete tax items for the three-month period ended April 3, 2022 included (1) an increase in tax expense of $1,417,000 arising from an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) audit; (2) an increase in tax expense of $1,734,000 to establish a full valuation allowance against deferred tax assets related to foreign tax credits; and (3) an increase in tax expense of $3,187,000 consisting primarily of transfer pricing and return-to-provision adjustments.
Excluding the impact of these discrete tax items, the Company’s effective tax rate was 16% for both the three-month periods ended April 2, 2023 and April 3, 2022.
The Company’s reserve for income taxes, including gross interest and penalties, was $20,030,000 as of April 2, 2023, which was classified as a non-current liability. If the Company’s tax positions were sustained or the statutes of limitations related to certain positions expired, these reserves would be released and income tax expense would be reduced in a future period.
Within the United States, the tax years 2019 through 2022 remain open to examination by the IRS, and 2018 through 2021 remain open to examination by various state tax authorities. The Company is currently under audit by the state of Massachusetts for the years 2020 and 2021. The tax years 2017 through 2022 remain open to examination by various taxing authorities in other jurisdictions in which the Company operates.
20

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 16: Weighted-Average Shares
Weighted-average shares were calculated as follows (in thousands):

| Three-months Ended |  |
| April 2, 2023 |  | April 3, 2022 |  |  |  |
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding | 172,624 |  |  | 174,146 |  |  |  |  |
Effect of dilutive equity awards | 1,279 |  |  | 2,522 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average common and common-equivalent shares outstanding | 173,903 |  |  | 176,668 |  |  |  |  |

Stock options to purchase 6,515,000 and 1,282,000 shares of common stock, on a weighted-average basis, were outstanding during the three-month periods ended April 2, 2023 and April 3, 2022, respectively, but were not included in the calculation of dilutive net income per share because they were anti-dilutive. Restricted stock units totaling 10,000 and 20,000 shares of common stock, on a weighted-average basis, were outstanding during the three-month periods ended April 2, 2023 and April 3, 2022, respectively, but were not included in the calculation of dilutive net income per share because they were anti-dilutive. No PRSUs were excluded in the calculation of dilutive net income per share for the three-month periods ended April 2, 2023 and April 3, 2022, as PRSUs were not anti-dilutive on a weighted-average basis.
NOTE 17: Loss (Recovery) from Fire
On June 7, 2022, the Company’s primary contract manufacturer experienced a fire at its plant in Indonesia. The fire destroyed a significant amount of Cognex-owned consigned inventories as well as component inventories owned by the contract manufacturer that were designated for Cognex products. There was no significant damage to the Company's production equipment. As a result of the fire, the Company recorded $48,339,000 in gross losses in 2022, primarily related to Cognex-owned inventory that was destroyed or deemed to have a net realizable value of zero, and prepayments related to Cognex-designated components that were owned by the contract manufacturer. Gross losses were reduced by insurance proceeds received from the Company’s insurance carrier of $27,560,000 in the fourth quarter of 2022. Subsequent to the April 2, 2023 balance sheet date, but prior to the date of financial statement issuance, the Company received insurance proceeds of $2,500,000 related to a business interruption claim associated with the fire from the Company's insurance carrier. In the second quarter of 2023, this recovery amount will be presented in the caption “Loss (recovery) from fire” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
As of April 2, 2023 and through the date of financial statement issuance, management cannot yet estimate additional recoveries that could be available from the contract manufacturer. Any future, additional recoveries in excess of recognized losses will be treated as gain contingencies and will be recognized when the gain is realized or realizable. There can be no assurance, however, that the insurance coverage and/or recoveries from the contract manufacturer will be available to cover the losses from the fire.
NOTE 18: Restructuring Charges
On December 7, 2022, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of SAC Sirius Advanced Cybernetics GmbH ("SAC"), a leader in computational lighting technology based in Germany. Following its acquisition of SAC, the Company performed restructuring activities to align the cost and operating structure of the acquired business with the Company's business strategy. As of December 31, 2022, the majority of these restructuring actions were completed. No additional charges were recorded during the three-month period ended April 2, 2023, or are expected to be incurred in future periods in relation to this restructuring plan.
The following table summarizes the activity in the Company’s restructuring reserve related to these restructuring activities, which is included in “Accrued expenses” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands):

| One-time Termination Benefits |  | Contract Termination Costs |  |  |  | Total |  |
Balance as of December 31, 2022 | $ | 964 |  |  | $ | 75 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,039 |  |  |
Cash payments | (143) |  |  | (20) |  |  |  |  | (163) |  |  |
Foreign exchange rate changes | 17 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |
Balance as of April 2, 2023 | $ | 838 |  |  | $ | 56 |  |  |  |  | $ | 894 |  |  |

21

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 19: Subsequent Events
On May 4, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.07 per share. The dividend is payable on June 2, 2023 to all shareholders of record as of the close of business on May 19, 2023.
22

ITEM 2: MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements made in this report, as well as oral statements made by the Company from time to time, constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Readers can identify these forward-looking statements by our use of the words “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “potential,” “believes,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “will,” “may,” “shall,” “could,” “should,” and similar words and other statements of a similar sense. These statements are based on our current estimates and expectations as to prospective events and circumstances, which may or may not be in our control and as to which there can be no firm assurances given. These forward-looking statements, which include statements regarding business and market trends, future financial performance and financial targets, the expected impact of the fire at our primary contract manufacturer's plant on our assets, business and results of operations and related recoveries, customer demand and order rates and timing of related revenue, managing supply shortages, delivery lead times, future product mix, research and development activities, sales and marketing activities, new product offerings and product development activities, capital expenditures, investments, liquidity, dividends and stock repurchases, strategic and growth plans, and estimated tax benefits and expenses and other tax matters, involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. Such risks and uncertainties include: (1) the reliance on key suppliers, such as our primary contract manufacturer, to manufacture and deliver products; (2) the expected impact of the fire at our primary contract manufacturer's plant and related recoveries; (3) delays in the delivery of our products, the failure to meet delivery schedules, and resulting customer dissatisfaction or loss of sales; (4) the inability to obtain, or the delay in obtaining, components for our products at reasonable prices; (5) the failure to effectively manage product transitions or accurately forecast customer demand; (6) the inability to manage disruptions to our distribution centers or to our key suppliers; (7) the inability to design and manufacture high-quality products; (8) the impact, duration, and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in China, including the availability and effectiveness of vaccines as well as government lockdowns; (9) the loss of, or curtailment of purchases by, large customers in the logistics, consumer electronics, or automotive industries; (10) information security breaches; (11) the failure to comply with laws or regulations relating to data privacy or data protection; (12) the inability to protect our proprietary technology and intellectual property; (13) the inability to attract and retain skilled employees and maintain our unique corporate culture; (14) the technological obsolescence of current products and the inability to develop new products; (15) the failure to properly manage the distribution of products and services, including the management of lead times and delivery dates; (16) the impact of competitive pressures; (17) the challenges in integrating and achieving expected results from acquired businesses; (18) potential disruptions in our business systems; (19) potential impairment charges with respect to our investments or acquired intangible assets; (20) exposure to additional tax liabilities, increases and fluctuations in our effective tax rate, and other tax matters; (21) fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and the use of derivative instruments; (22) unfavorable global economic conditions, including increases in interest rates and high inflation rates; (23) business disruptions from natural or man-made disasters, such as fire, or public health issues; (24) economic, political, and other risks associated with international sales and operations, including the impact of trade disputes on the economic climate in China and the war in Ukraine; (25) exposure to potential liabilities, increased costs, reputational harm, and other adverse effects associated with expectations relating to environmental, social, and governance considerations; (26) stock price volatility; and (27) our involvement in time-consuming and costly litigation or activist shareholder activities. The foregoing list should not be construed as exhaustive and we encourage readers to refer to the detailed discussion of risk factors included in Part I - Item 1A of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, as updated by Part II - Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The Company cautions readers not to place undue reliance upon any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. The Company disclaims any obligation to subsequently revise forward-looking statements to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events or circumstances after the date such statements are made.
Executive Overview
Cognex Corporation (“the Company”) invents and commercializes technologies that address some of the most critical manufacturing and distribution challenges. We are a leading global provider of machine vision products and solutions that improve efficiency and quality in high-growth potential businesses across attractive industrial end markets. In addition to product revenue derived from the sale of machine vision products, the Company also generates revenue by providing maintenance and support, consulting, and training services to its customers; however, service revenue accounted for less than 10% of total revenue for all periods presented.
Machine vision is used in a variety of industries where technology is widely recognized as an important component
23

of automated production, distribution, and quality assurance. Virtually every manufacturer or distributor can achieve better quality and efficiency by using machine vision; thus, our applications have a broad base of customers across a variety of industries, including automotive, logistics, consumer electronics, medical-related, semiconductor, consumer products, food and beverage, and others.
Revenue for the first quarter of 2023 totaled $201,124,000, representing a decrease of 29% from the first quarter of 2022. The decrease was driven by three primary factors: (i) lower revenue from the logistics industry primarily as a result of the continued pause in investments by a few large e-commerce customers; (ii) the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes on revenue; and (iii) slower spending trends across our broader factory automation business. Gross margin as a percentage of revenue was 71% for the first quarter of 2023 compared to 72% for the first quarter of 2022. The decrease in gross margin was due to reduced cost efficiencies from the lower sales volume, a less favorable revenue mix, and the unfavorable effect of foreign currency exchange rates on revenue, partially offset by lower inventory costs.
Operating expenses for the first quarter of 2023 totaled $121,579,000, representing an increase of 4% from the first quarter of 2022. The increase was primarily driven by additional headcount to support our "Emerging Customer" sales initiative and annual merit increases provided to employees. These higher expenses were offset by lower incentive compensation and the favorable impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes on expenses.
As a result of the lower revenue level, operating income declined to 11% of revenue for the first quarter of 2023 as compared to 31% of revenue for the first quarter of 2022. Tax expense decreased from the first quarter of 2022 as a result of lower operating income and a more favorable impact from discrete tax items. Net income declined to 13% of revenue, or $0.15 per diluted share, for the first quarter of 2023 from 24% of revenue, or $0.38 per diluted share, for the first quarter of 2022.
Results of Operations
As foreign currency exchange rates are a factor in understanding period-to-period comparisons, we believe the presentation of results on a constant-currency basis in addition to reported results helps improve investors’ ability to understand our operating results and evaluate our performance in comparison to prior periods. We also use results on a constant-currency basis as one measure to evaluate our performance. Constant-currency information compares results between periods as if exchange rates had remained constant period-over-period. We generally refer to such amounts calculated on a constant-currency basis as excluding the impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes. Results on a constant-currency basis are not in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) and should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, results prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Revenue
Revenue for the first quarter of 2023 totaled $201,124,000, representing a decrease of $81,283,000, or 29%, from the first quarter of 2022. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates resulted in a lower level of reported revenue in the first quarter of 2023 as compared to the same quarter in 2022. Excluding the impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes, revenue decreased 26%.
The largest factor contributing to the year-over-year decrease in total revenue was a decline in logistics revenue primarily as a result of the continued pause in investments by a few large e-commerce customers. Slower spending trends across our broader factory automation business further contributed to the decrease in revenue, including in the consumer electronics, automotive, semiconductor, and medical-related industries. Additionally, revenue for the first quarter of 2022 benefited from incremental revenue from backlog orders that were requested to ship in the fourth quarter of 2021, but were delayed into the first quarter of 2022 due to global supply chain conditions.
The following table sets forth our disaggregated revenue information by geographic area based upon the customer's country of domicile (in thousands) for the three-month periods ended April 2, 2023 and April 3, 2022 with the dollar and percentage changes between the corresponding periods, and the line item as a percentage of total revenue.
24

|  | Three-months Ended |  |  |  |
|  | April 2, 2023 |  | April 3, 2022 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 80,442 |  |  | $ | 126,658 |  |  | $ | (46,216) |  |  | (36)%
Percentage of total revenue |  | 40 | % |  | 45 | % |  |  |  |
Europe |  | $ | 59,842 |  |  | $ | 62,792 |  |  | $ | (2,950) |  |  | (5)%
Percentage of total revenue |  | 30 | % |  | 22 | % |  |  |  |
Greater China |  | $ | 33,172 |  |  | $ | 48,406 |  |  | $ | (15,234) |  |  | (31)%
Percentage of total revenue |  | 16 | % |  | 17 | % |  |  |  |
Other Asia |  | $ | 27,668 |  |  | $ | 44,551 |  |  | $ | (16,883) |  |  | (38)%
Percentage of total revenue |  | 14 | % |  | 16 | % |  |  |  |
Total revenue |  | $ | 201,124 |  |  | $ | 282,407 |  |  | $ | (81,283) |  |  | (29)%

Changes in revenue from a geographic perspective were as follows:
•Revenue from customers based in the Americas decreased from the prior year comparable quarter by 36%. The decrease was primarily driven by lower revenue from customers in the logistics industry.
•Revenue from customers based in Europe decreased from the prior year comparable quarter by 5%. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates resulted in a lower level of reported revenue in the first quarter of 2023. Excluding the impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes, revenue from customers based in Europe was flat with the first quarter of 2022. On both a U.S. GAAP and constant-currency basis, decreases in logistics revenue were largely offset by revenue increases in other industries, most notably automotive.
•Revenue from customers based in Greater China decreased from the prior year comparable quarter by 31%. Excluding the impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes, revenue from customers based in Greater China decreased by 25% from the first quarter of 2022. On both a U.S. GAAP and constant-currency basis, the decline was primarily driven by a decrease in revenue from customers in the consumer electronics industry.
•Revenue from customers based in other countries in Asia decreased from the prior year comparable quarter by 38%. Excluding the impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes, revenue decreased by 32%. On both a U.S. GAAP and constant-currency basis, the decrease resulted from broad-based declines in revenue from customers across multiple industries.
Gross Margin
The following table sets forth our gross margin (in thousands) for the three-month periods ended April 2, 2023 and April 3, 2022 with the dollar and percentage changes between the corresponding periods, and the line item as a percentage of total revenue.

|  | Three-months Ended |  |  |  |
|  | April 2, 2023 |  | April 3, 2022 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |
Gross margin |  | $ | 143,740 |  |  | $ | 203,617 |  |  | $ | (59,877) |  |  | (29) | %
Percentage of total revenue |  | 71 | % |  | 72 | % |  |  |  |

Gross margin as a percentage of revenue was 71% for the first quarter of 2023 compared to 72% for the first quarter of 2022. The decrease in gross margin was due to reduced cost efficiencies from the lower sales volume, a less favorable revenue mix, and the unfavorable effect of foreign currency exchange rates on revenue. This decrease was partially offset by lower inventory costs due to a reduction in premiums paid to brokers for the purchase of components in response to global supply chain constraints.
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Operating Expenses
The following table sets forth our operating expenses (in thousands) for the three-month periods ended April 2, 2023 and April 3, 2022 with the dollar and percentage changes between the corresponding periods, and the line item as a percentage of total revenue.

|  | Three-months Ended |  |  |  |
|  | April 2, 2023 |  | April 3, 2022 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |
Research, development, and engineering expenses |  | $ | 38,542 |  |  | $ | 36,054 |  |  | $ | 2,488 |  |  | 7 | %
Percentage of total revenue |  | 19 | % |  | 13 | % |  |  |  |
Selling, general, and administrative expenses |  | $ | 83,037 |  |  | $ | 80,835 |  |  | $ | 2,202 |  |  | 3 | %
Percentage of total revenue |  | 41 | % |  | 29 | % |  |  |  |
Total operating expenses |  | $ | 121,579 |  |  | $ | 116,889 |  |  | $ | 4,690 |  |  | 4 | %
Percentage of total revenue |  | 60 | % |  | 41 | % |  |  |  |

Research, Development, and Engineering Expenses
Research, development, and engineering (RD&E) expenses increased $2,488,000, or 7%, from the first quarter of 2022. This increase was primarily driven by personnel-related costs as a result of headcount additions to support new product initiatives and compensation increases provided to employees as part of our annual merit process, as well as increases in stock-based compensation expense.
These increases were partially offset by lower incentive compensation expenses than the prior year, primarily due to lower revenue and a timing difference in bonus expense recognition. Foreign currency exchange rate changes further offset increases to total RD&E expenses, as costs denominated in foreign currencies were translated into U.S. Dollars at a lower rate.
RD&E expenses as a percentage of revenue were 19% for the first quarter of 2023, compared to 13% for the first quarter of 2022. The increase in RD&E as a percentage of revenue was primarily a result of lower revenue in the first quarter of 2023 as compared to the first quarter of 2022. We believe that a continued commitment to RD&E activities is essential in order to maintain product leadership with our existing products and to provide innovative new product offerings, as well as to provide engineering support for large customers. In addition, we consider our ability to accelerate the time to market for new products to be critical to our revenue growth and competitive position. This quarterly percentage is impacted by revenue levels and investing cycles.
Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) expenses increased $2,202,000, or 3%, from the first quarter of 2022. SG&A expenses increased due to costs related to our “Emerging Customer” sales initiative, including primarily compensation for additional headcount, travel expenses, and sales demonstration equipment. We launched this initiative towards the end of 2022 to broaden the reach of our sales force to customers who are relatively new to factory automation and have not fully realized the advantages of machine vision.
Unrelated to our "Emerging Customer" sales initiative, we also had higher personnel-related costs resulting from headcount additions and compensation increases provided to employees as part of our annual merit process. Travel expenses also increased due to both the number of sales personnel added and a higher level of travel activity now that restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic have eased or been eliminated.
These increases were partially offset by lower incentive compensation expenses than the prior year, which included sales commissions and incentive bonuses, primarily due to lower revenue and a timing difference in bonus expense recognition. Foreign currency exchange rate changes further offset increases to total SG&A expenses, as costs denominated in foreign currencies were translated into U.S. Dollars at a lower rate.
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Non-operating Income (Expense)
The following table sets forth our non-operating income (expense) (in thousands) for the three-month periods ended April 2, 2023 and April 3, 2022 with the dollar and percentage changes between the corresponding periods.

|  | Three-months Ended |  |  |  |
|  | April 2, 2023 |  | April 3, 2022 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |
Foreign currency gain (loss) |  | $ | 394 |  |  | $ | (444) |  |  | $ | 838 |  |  | (189) | %
Investment income |  | $ | 3,587 |  |  | $ | 1,468 |  |  | $ | 2,119 |  |  | 144 | %
Other income (expense) |  | $ | 73 |  |  | $ | (48) |  |  | $ | 121 |  |  | (252) | %
Total non-operating income (expense) |  | $ | 4,054 |  |  | $ | 976 |  |  | $ | 3,078 |  |  | 315 | %

The Company recorded foreign currency gains of $394,000 for the first quarter of 2023, and foreign currency losses of $444,000 for the first quarter of 2022. Foreign currency gains and losses result primarily from the revaluation and settlement of assets and liabilities that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the Company, which is the U.S. Dollar, or its subsidiaries.
Investment income for the first quarter of 2023 totaled $3,587,000, representing an increase of $2,119,000 from the first quarter of 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher yields on the Company's portfolio of debt securities, and to a lesser extent, higher investment balances.
The Company recorded other income of $73,000 for the first quarter of 2023 compared to other expense of $48,000 for the first quarter of 2022.
Income Tax Expense
The following table sets forth our effective income tax rate reconciliation (in thousands) for the three-month periods ended April 2, 2023 and April 3, 2022 with the dollar and percentage changes between the corresponding periods.

|  | Three-months Ended |  |  |  |
|  | April 2, 2023 |  | April 3, 2022 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |
Income before income tax expense |  | $ | 26,215 |  |  | $ | 87,704 |  |  | $(61,489) |  | (70)%
Income tax expense |  | $ | 600 |  |  | $ | 20,371 |  |  | $(19,771) |  | (97)%
Effective income tax rate |  | 2 | % |  | 23 | % |  |  |  |

The Company’s effective tax rate was 2% of pre-tax income in the first quarter of 2023, compared to 23% in the first quarter of 2022. The decrease in effective tax rate primarily resulted from the impact of discrete tax items, including a decrease in tax reserves and a decrease in tax expense for adjustments to certain deferred tax assets, partially offset by an increase in tax expense related to stock-based compensation.
Excluding the impact of all discrete tax items, the Company’s effective tax rate was 16% of pre-tax income for both the first quarter of 2023 and 2022.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company has historically been able to generate positive cash flow from operations, which has funded its operating activities and other cash requirements and has resulted in an accumulated cash and investment balance of $843,913,000 as of April 2, 2023. The Company has established guidelines relative to credit ratings, diversification, and maturities of its investments to maintain the liquidity and safety of the investment portfolio. As of April 2, 2023, the Company's portfolio of debt securities was in a net unrealized loss position of $19,530,000. The Company currently does not intend to sell debt securities in an unrealized loss position to meet current liquidity needs as it has the ability and intention to hold these investments until full value recovery at maturity. However, if the Company is required to sell these debt securities to meet future liquidity needs, for example, to acquire new businesses or technologies, it is prepared to sell these investments at a loss.
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|  | Three-months Ended
|  | April 2, 2023 |  | April 3, 2022
|  | (unaudited)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  | $ | 27,553 |  |  | $ | 49,517 |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |  | $ | (5,788) |  |  | $ | 69,236 |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  | $ | (39,324) |  |  | $ | (138,114) |

The Company’s cash requirements for the first quarter of 2023 consisted of operating activities, repurchases of common stock, dividend payments, capital expenditures, purchases of investments, and net payments from the issuance of common stock under stock plans. Cash flows from operating activities totaled $27,553,000 for the three-month period ended April 2, 2023 compared to $49,517,000 for the three-month period ended April 3, 2022. This decrease was primarily driven by lower net income resulting from the decrease in revenue year-over-year. Cash outlays from operating activities in the first quarter of 2023 also consisted of incentive compensation payments that were earned and accrued in 2022.
Capital expenditures for the first quarter of 2023 totaled $5,507,000 and consisted primarily of continued investments in business systems related to the Company's sales process, manufacturing test equipment related to new product introductions, and leasehold improvements related to one of the Company's offices in Shanghai, China.
The Company's future material cash requirements include contractual obligations related to inventory purchase commitments and leases. As of April 2, 2023, the Company had inventory purchase commitments of $47,486,000, with the majority payable during 2023, and lease payment obligations of $44,445,000, with $7,284,000 payable during 2023. During 2023, we also expect significant cash outlays related to the Company's "Emerging Customer" sales initiative as we continue to grow our sales force in order to reach customers who may not be utilizing machine vision to its full potential.
In addition to the obligations described above, the following items may also result in future material uses of cash:
Stock Repurchases
On March 3, 2022, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of $500,000,000 of the Company's common stock. During the three-month period ended April 2, 2023, the Company repurchased 479,000 shares at a total cost of $24,178,000 leaving a remaining balance of $388,508,000 under this March 2022 program as of April 2, 2023. The Company may repurchase shares under stock repurchase programs as authorized by its Board of Directors in future periods depending on a variety of factors, including, among other things, the impact of dilution from employee stock awards, stock price, share availability, and cash requirements. The Company is authorized to make repurchases of its common stock through open market purchases, pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, or in privately negotiated transactions.
Dividend Payments
The Company’s Board of Directors declared and paid cash dividends of $0.070 per share in the first quarter of 2023. Future dividends will be declared at the discretion of the Company's Board of Directors and will depend on such factors as the Board deems relevant, including, among other things, the Company's ability to generate positive cash flow from operations.
We believe that the Company's existing cash and investment balances, together with cash flow from operations, will be sufficient to meet its operating, investing, and financing activities for the next twelve months. In addition, the Company has no long-term debt. We believe that our balance sheet condition has put us in a strong position with respect to anticipated longer-term liquidity needs.
New Pronouncements
Refer to Part I - Note 2 within this Form 10-Q, for a full description of recently issued accounting pronouncements including the expected dates of adoption and the expected impact on the financial position and results of operations of the Company.
ITEM 3: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
There have been no material changes to the Company’s exposures to market risk since December 31, 2022.
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ITEM 4: CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
As required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has evaluated, with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in such rules) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that such disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of that date. From time to time, the Company reviews its disclosure controls and procedures, and may from time to time make changes aimed at enhancing their effectiveness and to ensure that the Company’s systems evolve with its business.
There was no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended April 2, 2023 that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II: OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Various claims and legal proceedings generally incidental to the normal course of business are pending or threatened on behalf of or against the Company. While we cannot predict the outcome of these matters, we believe that any liability arising from them will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity, or results of operations.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
For a list of factors that could affect the Company’s business, results of operations, and financial condition, see the risk factors discussion provided in Part I—Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
The following table sets forth information with respect to purchases by the Company of shares of its common stock during the three-month period ended April 2, 2023:

| Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1) |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)
January 1, 2023 - January 29, 2023 | 126,000 |  |  | $ | 51.15 |  |  | 126,000 |  |  | $ | 406,238,000 |
January 30, 2023 - February 26, 2023 | 144,000 |  |  | 53.22 |  |  | 144,000 |  |  | 398,582,000 |
February 27, 2023 - April 2, 2023 | 209,000 |  |  | 48.09 |  |  | 209,000 |  |  | 388,508,000 |
Total | 479,000 |  |  | $ | 50.43 |  |  | 479,000 |  |  | $ | 388,508,000 |

(1) On March 3, 2022, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an additional $500,000,000 of the Company's common stock. Purchases under this program commenced in March 2022. The Company may repurchase shares under this program in future periods depending on a variety of factors, including, among other things, the impact of dilution from employee stock awards, stock price, share availability, and cash requirements. The Company is authorized to make repurchases of its common stock through open market purchases, pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, or in privately negotiated transactions.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number |  |
31.1 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934*
31.2 |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934*
32.1 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**
32.2 |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101.*)
* |  | Filed herewith
** |  | Furnished herewith

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: | May 4, 2023 |  | COGNEX CORPORATION
|  |  | By: | /s/ Robert J. Willett
|  |  |  | Robert J. Willett
|  |  |  | President and Chief Executive Officer
|  |  |  | (Principal Executive Officer)
|  |  | By: | /s/ Paul D. Todgham
|  |  |  | Paul D. Todgham
|  |  |  | Senior Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer
|  |  |  | (Principal Financial Officer)

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