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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Components of earnings from continuing operations before income taxes
The components of earnings from continuing operations before income taxes and the provision for income taxes from continuing operations were as follows:
 
 
Years ended December 31,
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
 
(In thousands)
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes:
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States
 
$
408,757

 
275,630

 
302,809

Foreign
 
60,458

 
62,637

 
66,206

Total
 
$
469,215

 
338,267

 
369,015

Current tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal (1)
 
$
(1,836
)
 
(230
)
 
234

State (1)
 
5,748

 
6,396

 
4,194

Foreign
 
5,272

 
7,163

 
7,691

 
 
9,184

 
13,329

 
12,119

Deferred tax expense from continuing operations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
 
135,585

 
90,056

 
98,076

State
 
20,111

 
12,429

 
15,399

Foreign
 
(1,654
)
 
2,228

 
146

 
 
154,042

 
104,713

 
113,621

Provision for income taxes from continuing operations
 
$
163,226

 
118,042

 
125,740

______________ 
(1)
Excludes federal and state tax benefits resulting from the exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock awards, which were credited directly to “Additional paid-in capital.”
Reconciliation of federal statutory tax rate with effective tax rate from continuing operations
A reconciliation of the federal statutory tax rate with the effective tax rate from continuing operations follows:
 
 
Years ended December 31,
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
 
(Percentage of pre-tax earnings)
Federal statutory tax rate
 
35.0

 
35.0

 
35.0

Impact on deferred taxes for changes in tax rates
 
(0.9
)
 
(0.9
)
 
0.1

State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit
 
5.0

 
5.2

 
4.0

Foreign rates varying from federal statutory tax rate
 
(3.3
)
 
(3.7
)
 
(4.1
)
Tax reviews and audits
 
(1.3
)
 
(1.1
)
 
(0.8
)
Other, net
 
0.3

 
0.4

 
(0.1
)
Effective tax rate
 
34.8

 
34.9

 
34.1

Summary of the increases (decreases) to net earnings from continuing operations from changes in tax laws
The following provides a summary of the increases (decreases) to net earnings from continuing operations from changes in tax laws by tax jurisdiction:
Tax Jurisdiction
 
Enactment Date
 
Net Earnings
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)
2015
 
 
 
 
Connecticut
 
June 30, 2015
 
$1,616
Other Jurisdictions
 
April 13, 2015 - November 18, 2015
 
$497
 
 
 
 
 
2014
 
 
 
 
New York
 
March 31, 2014
 
$1,776
Rhode Island
 
June 19, 2014
 
$626
 
 
 
 
 
2013
 
 
 
 
Puerto Rico
 
June 30, 2013
 
$(503)
United Kingdom
 
July 17, 2013
 
$485
Components of net deferred income tax liability
The components of the net deferred income tax liability were as follows:
 
 
December 31,
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
(In thousands)
Deferred income tax assets:
 
 
 
 
Self-insurance accruals
 
$
93,352

 
81,908

Net operating loss carryforwards
 
429,458

 
377,740

Alternative minimum taxes
 
10,727

 
10,727

Accrued compensation and benefits
 
76,363

 
68,626

Federal benefit on state tax positions
 
18,912

 
18,847

Pension benefits
 
148,671

 
157,082

Miscellaneous other accruals
 
32,763

 
33,090

 
 
810,246

 
748,020

Valuation allowance
 
(14,991
)
 
(24,742
)
 
 
795,255

 
723,278

Deferred income tax liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Property and equipment bases difference
 
(2,362,194
)
 
(2,149,574
)
Other
 
(20,583
)
 
(16,996
)
 
 
(2,382,777
)
 
(2,166,570
)
Net deferred income tax liability
 
$
(1,587,522
)
 
(1,443,292
)

Summary of activity related to unrecognized tax benefits
The following table summarizes the activity related to unrecognized tax benefits (excluding the federal benefit received from state positions):
 
 
December 31,
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
 
(In thousands)
Balance at January 1
 
$
60,482

 
56,813

 
52,271

Additions based on tax positions related to the current year
 
4,220

 
6,896

 
7,606

Reductions due to lapse of applicable statutes of limitation
 
(3,962
)
 
(3,227
)
 
(3,064
)
Gross balance at December 31
 
60,740

 
60,482

 
56,813

Interest and penalties
 
4,912

 
5,125

 
5,756

Balance at December 31
 
$
65,652

 
65,607

 
62,569