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GENERAL | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2019
Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract] |
GENERAL | GENERAL Interim Financial Statements The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements include the accounts of Ryder System, Inc. (Ryder) and all entities in which Ryder has a controlling voting interest (subsidiaries) and variable interest entities (VIEs) required to be consolidated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP). The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting policies described in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K and should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto except for the update to our revenue recognition and leases significant accounting policies discussed below. The year-end condensed balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair statement have been included and the disclosures herein are adequate. The operating results for interim periods are unaudited and are not necessarily indicative of the results that can be expected for a full year. Update to Significant Accounting Policies Our significant accounting policies are detailed in "Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" within Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. As discussed in Note 2, "Recent Accounting Pronouncements," effective January 1, 2019, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) using the modified retrospective transition comparative method. We have recast all prior period amounts in this Form 10-Q to conform to the current period presentation based on our adoption of this new accounting standard. Refer to Note 2, "Recent Accounting Pronouncements," for additional information on the revised amounts. The significant changes to our accounting policies as a result of adopting Topic 842 are discussed below. Revenue Recognition Lease & related maintenance and rental revenues includes ChoiceLease and commercial rental revenues from our Fleet Management Solutions (FMS) business segment. We offer a full service lease as well as a lease with more flexible maintenance options under our ChoiceLease product line, which are marketed, priced and managed as bundled lease arrangements, and include equipment, service and financing components. We do not offer a stand-alone unbundled lease of new vehicles. We offer rental of vehicles under our commercial rental product line, which allows customers to supplement their fleet of vehicles on a short-term basis. Our ChoiceLease arrangements include the lease of a vehicle (lease component) and the executory agreement for the maintenance, insurance, taxes and other services (non-lease components) related to the leased vehicles during the lease term. We generally lease new vehicles to our customers. Arrangement consideration is allocated between the lease component and non-lease component based on management's best estimate of the relative standalone selling price of each component. Our ChoiceLease arrangements provide for a fixed charge billing and a variable charge billing based on mileage or time usage. Fixed charges are typically billed at the beginning of the month and variable charges are typically billed a month in arrears. Revenue from the lease component of ChoiceLease agreements is recognized based on the classification of the arrangement, typically as either an operating or a sales-type lease. Our commercial rental arrangements include the short-term rental of a vehicle (one day up to one year in length). All of our rental arrangements are classified as operating leases and revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis. The majority of our leases are classified as operating leases and we recognize revenue for the lease component of the product line on a straight-line basis. The non-lease component for maintenance services is accounted for in accordance with revenue guidance in Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). Maintenance services are not typically performed evenly over the life of a ChoiceLease contract as the level of maintenance provided generally increases as vehicles age. We recognize maintenance revenue using an input method, consistent with the estimated pattern of the costs to maintain the underlying vehicles. This will generally result in the recognition of a contract liability for some portion of the customer's payments allocated to the maintenance service component of the arrangement. Included in lease & related maintenance and rental revenues is non-lease revenue from maintenance services recognized in accordance with Topic 606 of $239 million and $223 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Effective with the adoption of Topic 842, we recorded an after-tax cumulative effect adjustment to decrease retained earnings as of January 1, 2017, by approximately $315 million primarily to recognize a contract liability (deferred revenue) related to maintenance services, and partially offset by costs capitalized related to sales commissions. We recorded deferred revenue of approximately $564 million and $566 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, related to the maintenance services component of our ChoiceLease product line. Refer to Note 3, "Revenue," and Note 5, "Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities." In addition, we recorded an asset of approximately $92 million and $93 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively; related to incremental sales commissions paid to our sales force as a result of obtaining ChoiceLease contracts. Capitalized sales commissions includes initial direct costs of our leases in the amount of $53 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, accounted for in accordance with Topic 842. Refer to Note 3, "Revenue." Lease and rental agreements do not usually provide for scheduled rent increases or escalations. However, most lease agreements allow for rate changes based upon changes in the Consumer Price Index (CPI). ChoiceLease and rental agreements also provide for vehicle usage charges based on a time charge and/or a fixed per-mile charge. The time charge, the per-mile charge and the changes in rates attributed to changes in the CPI are considered contingent rentals and are not considered fixed or determinable until the CPI change or the equipment usage occurs. This consideration is allocated to the lease and non-lease components of the contract as it is billed to the customer based on the allocation determined at contract inception. Variable consideration allocated to the lease component is recognized in revenue on a straight-line basis for the remainder of the contract term and variable consideration allocated to the non-lease component is recognized in revenue using an input method, consistent with the estimated pattern of maintenance costs for the remainder of the contract term. Leases not classified as operating leases are generally considered sales-type leases. We recognize revenue for sales-type leases using the effective interest method, which provides a constant periodic rate of return on the outstanding investment in the lease. We generally lease new vehicles under our sales-type lease arrangements. Therefore, there is generally not a difference between the net investment in the lease and the carrying value of the vehicles, and we do not recognize selling profit or loss at lease commencement. Revenue is recognized net of amounts collected from customers for taxes, such as sales tax, that are remitted to the applicable taxing authorities. Significant Judgments and Estimates Allocating consideration between lease and non-lease components in our ChoiceLease arrangements requires significant judgment. We do not sell the components of our ChoiceLease product offering on a stand-alone basis. Judgment is required to determine the standalone selling prices of the lease and non-lease components in order to allocate the consideration on a relative standalone selling price basis. We determine the standalone price of the lease component using the projected cash flows of the lease assuming a certain targeted return. We consider a number of factors to determine the targeted return, including the net present value of the projected cash flows in a ChoiceLease arrangement discounted at our weighted average cost of capital. Our ChoiceLease arrangements include maintenance as a non-lease component of the contract. We determine the standalone price of the maintenance component using an expected cost plus margin approach. The expected costs are based on our historical costs of providing maintenance services in our ChoiceLease arrangements. The margin is based on historical margin percentages for our full service maintenance contracts in the SelectCare product line, as the maintenance performance obligation in those contracts is similar to maintenance in our ChoiceLease arrangements. Full service maintenance arrangements in SelectCare are priced based on targeted margin percentages for new and used vehicles by type of vehicle (trucks, tractors, and trailers), considering the fixed and variable costs of providing maintenance services. Certain ChoiceLease arrangements include liability and/or physical damage insurance coverage to our customers. We charge a separate fixed monthly rate for these insurance offerings, which represents the standalone selling price. We allocate the contract consideration (excluding insurance) between the lease and maintenance components based on the relative standalone selling prices of each of those services and allocate contract consideration for insurance based on the price of insurance, which is priced separately. If the lessee elects to obtain insurance coverage from us, the consideration for the fixed monthly rate is allocated to the insurance performance obligations. Variable consideration, such as billings for mileage and from changes in CPI, is excluded from the allocation of consideration at the inception of the contract. Revenues associated with licensing and operating taxes that are billed as incurred based on the contract arrangement are also excluded from the allocation of consideration at contract inception and allocated as earned. The variable consideration and licensing and operating tax revenues are allocated to the lease and maintenance components based on the same allocation percentages at contract inception (or the most recent contract modification) when earned. Contract Balances We do not have material contract assets as we generally invoice customers as we perform services. Contract receivables are recorded in “Receivables, net” in the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets. Payment terms vary by contract type, although terms generally include a requirement of payment within 15 to 90 days. As a practical expedient, we do not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component as the period between the receipt of customer payment and the transfer of service to the customer is less than a year. Our contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue related to maintenance services. We record deferred revenues when cash payments are received or due in advance of our performance, including amounts that are refundable. We classify deferred revenue for performance obligations we expect to perform within 12 months as current liabilities and for performance obligations to be performed later than 12 months as other non-current liabilities. Revenue is recognized upon satisfaction of the performance obligation. As practical expedients, 1) we do not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that are part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less, and 2) we do not disclose information about remaining performance obligations when we have the right to invoice the customer and the revenue recognized corresponds directly with the value to the customer of our performance completed to date. Leases Leases as Lessor We lease revenue earning equipment to customers for periods ranging from three to seven years for trucks and tractors and up to ten years for trailers. We determine if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception. The standard lease agreement for revenue earning equipment provides both parties the right to terminate; therefore, we evaluate whether the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise the termination option in order to determine the appropriate lease term. If we terminate, the customer has the right (but not obligation) to purchase the vehicle. If the customer terminates, we have the option to require the customer to purchase the vehicle or pay a termination penalty. Our leases generally do not provide either party an option to renew the lease. We also rent revenue earning equipment to customers on a short-term basis, from one day up to one year in length. From time to time, we may also lease facilities to third parties. The majority of our leases are classified as operating leases. However, some of our revenue earning equipment leases are classified as sales-type leases. Our determination of the residual values (i.e., the price at which we ultimately expect to dispose of revenue earning equipment) is established with a long-term view considering historical market price changes, current and expected future market price trends, expected lives of vehicles and extent of alternative uses. Factors that could cause actual results to materially differ from estimates include, but are not limited to, unforeseen changes in technology innovations, sudden changes in supply and demand, and competitor pricing. We have developed disciplines related to the management and maintenance of our leased vehicles designed to manage the risk associated with the residual values of our revenue earning equipment. In addition, we also monitor market trends throughout the year and assess residual values of vehicles expected to be sold in the near term and may adjust residual values for these vehicles. Leases as Lessee We lease facilities, revenue earning equipment, material handling equipment, automated washing machines, vehicles and office equipment. We determine if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception. Effective with the adoption of Topic 842, we have established right-of-use (ROU) assets, which represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities, which represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate of return, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. We use the implicit rate when readily determinable. Operating lease ROU assets also exclude lease incentives received. We pay variable lease charges related to property taxes, insurance and maintenance as well as changes in CPI for leased facilities; equipment usage for revenue earning equipment, automated washing machines, vehicles and office equipment; and hours of operation for material handling equipment. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, with the exception of our real estate leases, we recognize lease payments in our income statement on a straight-line basis over the lease term and variable lease payments in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. Lease terms for the facilities are generally three to five years with one or more five-year renewal options and the lease terms for revenue earning equipment, material handling equipment, automated washing machines and vehicles typically range from three to seven years typically with no extension options. For purposes of calculating ROU assets and operating lease liabilities, lease terms may be deemed to include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Macroeconomic conditions is the primary factor used to estimate whether an option to extend a lease term will be exercised or not. None of our leasing arrangements contain restrictive financial covenants. Certain of our material handling equipment leases have residual value guarantees. We recorded operating lease ROU assets and finance lease assets totaling approximately $235 million and $245 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, related to leases as lessee. Refer to Note 6, "Leases".

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