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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

☑ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED June 30, 2020
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO
Commission File Number: 1-4364
RYDER SYSTEM, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Florida |  |  |  |  | 59-0739250 |  |  |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  |  |  |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |  |  |
11690 N.W. 105th Street |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Miami, | Florida | 33178 |  |  | (305) | 500-3726 |
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code) |  |  |  |  | (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) |  |  |

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock | R | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☑ |  | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act) Yes ☐ No ☑
The number of shares of Ryder System, Inc. Common Stock ($0.50 par value per share) outstanding at June 30, 2020 was 53,818,841.

RYDER SYSTEM, INC.
FORM 10-Q QUARTERLY REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page No.
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION |  |
ITEM 1 Financial Statements (unaudited) |  |
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity | 5
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 7
ITEM 2 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 26
ITEM 3 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 57
ITEM 4 Controls and Procedures |  | 57
PART II OTHER INFORMATION |  |
ITEM 1 Legal Proceedings |  | 58
ITEM 1A Risk Factors |  | 58
ITEM 2 Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 60
ITEM 6 Exhibits |  | 61
SIGNATURE |  | 62

i

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
RYDER SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS
(unaudited)

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (In thousands, except per share amounts) |  |  |  |  |  |
Lease & related maintenance and rental revenues | $ | 868,660 |  |  | $ | 933,833 |  |  | $ | 1,796,416 |  |  | $ | 1,833,392 |
Services revenue | 942,267 |  |  | 1,159,100 |  |  | 2,054,455 |  |  | 2,291,148 |
Fuel services revenue | 84,355 |  |  | 152,060 |  |  | 205,717 |  |  | 300,780 |
Total revenues | 1,895,282 |  |  | 2,244,993 |  |  | 4,056,588 |  |  | 4,425,320 |
Cost of lease & related maintenance and rental | 775,350 |  |  | 687,540 |  |  | 1,593,642 |  |  | 1,351,829 |
Cost of services | 793,353 |  |  | 976,405 |  |  | 1,747,782 |  |  | 1,948,095 |
Cost of fuel services | 77,980 |  |  | 148,363 |  |  | 198,429 |  |  | 291,638 |
Other operating expenses | 29,849 |  |  | 29,663 |  |  | 63,414 |  |  | 63,289 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 208,564 |  |  | 226,416 |  |  | 432,683 |  |  | 457,741 |
Non-operating pension costs | 936 |  |  | 6,713 |  |  | 2,157 |  |  | 13,175 |
Used vehicle sales, net | 9,488 |  |  | 18,140 |  |  | 30,172 |  |  | 26,357 |
Interest expense | 67,285 |  |  | 60,759 |  |  | 129,851 |  |  | 116,095 |
Miscellaneous (income) loss, net | (9,946) |  |  | (21,911) |  |  | (1,278) |  |  | (30,133) |
Restructuring and other items, net | 37,200 |  |  | 9,836 |  |  | 68,147 |  |  | 16,014 |
| 1,990,059 |  |  | 2,141,924 |  |  | 4,264,999 |  |  | 4,254,100 |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes | (94,777) |  |  | 103,069 |  |  | (208,411) |  |  | 171,220 |
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | (21,072) |  |  | 27,617 |  |  | (25,577) |  |  | 49,878 |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations | (73,705) |  |  | 75,452 |  |  | (182,834) |  |  | 121,342 |
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax | (394) |  |  | (237) |  |  | (878) |  |  | (811) |
Net earnings (loss) | $ | (74,099) |  |  | $ | 75,215 |  |  | $ | (183,712) |  |  | $ | 120,531 |
Earnings (loss) per common share — Basic |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations | $ | (1.41) |  |  | $ | 1.44 |  |  | $ | (3.50) |  |  | $ | 2.31 |
Discontinued operations | (0.01) |  |  | — |  |  | (0.02) |  |  | (0.02) |
Net earnings (loss) | $ | (1.42) |  |  | $ | 1.43 |  |  | $ | (3.52) |  |  | $ | 2.29 |
Earnings (loss) per common share — Diluted |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations | $ | (1.41) |  |  | $ | 1.43 |  |  | $ | (3.50) |  |  | $ | 2.30 |
Discontinued operations | (0.01) |  |  | — |  |  | (0.02) |  |  | (0.02) |
Net earnings (loss) | $ | (1.42) |  |  | $ | 1.43 |  |  | $ | (3.52) |  |  | $ | 2.28 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
Note: EPS amounts may not be additive due to rounding.
1

RYDER SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(unaudited)

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings (loss) | $ | (74,099) |  |  | $ | 75,215 |  |  | $ | (183,712) |  |  | $ | 120,531 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Changes in currency translation adjustment and other | 7,878 |  |  | (7,763) |  |  | (76,742) |  |  | 7,999 |
Amortization of pension and postretirement items | 7,371 |  |  | 7,377 |  |  | 15,150 |  |  | 14,845 |
Income tax expense related to amortization of pension and postretirement items | (1,492) |  |  | (1,381) |  |  | (3,105) |  |  | (3,395) |
Amortization of pension and postretirement items, net of tax | 5,879 |  |  | 5,996 |  |  | 12,045 |  |  | 11,450 |
Change in net actuarial loss and prior service cost | (4,539) |  |  | (9,440) |  |  | (4,539) |  |  | (9,440) |
Income tax benefit related to change in net actuarial loss and prior service cost | 1,087 |  |  | 2,237 |  |  | 1,087 |  |  | 2,237 |
Change in net actuarial loss and prior service cost, net of taxes | (3,452) |  |  | (7,203) |  |  | (3,452) |  |  | (7,203) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes | 10,305 |  |  | (8,970) |  |  | (68,149) |  |  | 12,246 |
Comprehensive income | $ | (63,794) |  |  | $ | 66,245 |  |  | $ | (251,861) |  |  | $ | 132,777 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
2

RYDER SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(unaudited)

| June 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
| (In thousands, except share amounts) |  |
Assets: |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 831,469 |  |  | $ | 73,584 |
Receivables, net | 1,087,639 |  |  | 1,228,490 |
Inventories | 62,282 |  |  | 80,822 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 151,319 |  |  | 179,155 |
Total current assets | 2,132,709 |  |  | 1,562,051 |
Revenue earning equipment, net | 9,569,839 |  |  | 10,427,664 |
Operating property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $1,246,069 and $1,224,216, respectively | 913,080 |  |  | 917,799 |
Goodwill | 474,480 |  |  | 475,025 |
Intangible assets, net | 46,694 |  |  | 50,905 |
Sales-type leases and other assets | 1,071,949 |  |  | 1,041,890 |
Total assets | $ | 14,208,751 |  |  | $ | 14,475,334 |
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity: |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt | $ | 1,460,604 |  |  | $ | 1,154,564 |
Accounts payable | 425,686 |  |  | 594,712 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 869,315 |  |  | 876,077 |
Total current liabilities | 2,755,605 |  |  | 2,625,353 |
Long-term debt | 6,687,096 |  |  | 6,770,224 |
Other non-current liabilities | 1,496,471 |  |  | 1,442,003 |
Deferred income taxes | 1,110,487 |  |  | 1,161,444 |
Total liabilities | 12,049,659 |  |  | 11,999,024 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 17) |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, no par value per share — authorized, 3,800,917; none outstanding, June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.50 par value per share — authorized, 400,000,000; outstanding, June 30, 2020 — 53,818,841 and December 31, 2019 — 53,278,316 | 26,909 |  |  | 26,639 |
Additional paid-in capital | 1,113,883 |  |  | 1,108,649 |
Retained earnings | 1,922,940 |  |  | 2,177,513 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (904,640) |  |  | (836,491) |
Total shareholders’ equity | 2,159,092 |  |  | 2,476,310 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 14,208,751 |  |  | $ | 14,475,334 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

RYDER SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited)

| Six months ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  |
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |
Cash flows from operating activities from continuing operations: |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings (loss) | $ | (183,712) |  |  | $ | 120,531 |  |  |
Less: Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax | (878) |  |  | (811) |  |  |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations | (182,834) |  |  | 121,342 |  |  |
Depreciation expense | 1,056,171 |  |  | 768,030 |  |  |
Used vehicle sales, net | 30,172 |  |  | 26,357 |  |  |
Non-cash lease expense | 45,055 |  |  | 46,856 |  |  |
Non-operating pension costs and share-based compensation expense | 12,787 |  |  | 28,097 |  |  |
Other non-cash charges, net | 74,854 |  |  | 39,557 |  |  |
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) | (36,148) |  |  | 41,688 |  |  |
Collections on sales-type leases | 54,724 |  |  | 63,047 |  |  |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions: |  |  |  |  |
Receivables | 69,212 |  |  | 8,196 |  |  |
Inventories | 18,680 |  |  | (1,524) |  |  |
Prepaid expenses and other assets | (7,338) |  |  | (6,175) |  |  |
Accounts payable | (54,434) |  |  | (3,965) |  |  |
Accrued expenses and other non-current liabilities | 17,884 |  |  | (86,447) |  |  |
Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations | 1,098,785 |  |  | 1,045,059 |  |  |
Cash flows from investing activities from continuing operations: |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property and revenue earning equipment | (704,930) |  |  | (2,210,761) |  |  |
Sales of revenue earning equipment | 214,189 |  |  | 210,081 |  |  |
Sales of operating property and equipment | 4,231 |  |  | 46,189 |  |  |
Other | (5,756) |  |  | — |  |  |
Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations | (492,266) |  |  | (1,954,491) |  |  |
Cash flows from financing activities from continuing operations: |  |  |  |  |
Net borrowings (repayments) of commercial paper and revolving credit facilities | (457,553) |  |  | 227,023 |  |  |
Debt proceeds | 1,756,497 |  |  | 1,691,906 |  |  |
Debt repaid | (1,064,096) |  |  | (902,814) |  |  |
Dividends on common stock | (60,155) |  |  | (57,651) |  |  |
Common stock issued | 5,542 |  |  | 6,244 |  |  |
Common stock repurchased | (11,924) |  |  | (21,220) |  |  |
Tax withholding on shares settled | (4,302) |  |  | (3,529) |  |  |
Debt issuance costs and other items | (9,277) |  |  | (2,920) |  |  |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities from continuing operations | 154,732 |  |  | 937,039 |  |  |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | (3,022) |  |  | (2,611) |  |  |
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash from continuing operations | 758,229 |  |  | 24,996 |  |  |
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash from discontinued operations | (344) |  |  | (605) |  |  |
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | 757,885 |  |  | 24,391 |  |  |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of year | 73,584 |  |  | 68,111 |  |  |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 831,469 |  |  | $ | 92,502 |  |  |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

RYDER SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(unaudited)

| Three months ended June 30, 2020

|  | Preferred Stock |  | Common Stock |  |  |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |
|  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Par |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total
|  | (In thousands, except share amounts) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at April 1, 2020 |  | $ | — |  |  | 53,735,964 |  |  | $ | 26,867 |  |  | $ | 1,103,928 |  |  | $ | 2,026,886 |  |  | $ | (914,945) |  |  | $ | 2,242,736 |
Comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (74,099) |  |  | 10,305 |  |  | (63,794) |
Common stock dividends declared —$0.56 per share |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (29,847) |  |  | — |  |  | (29,847) |
Common stock issued under employee stock award and stock purchase plans (1) |  | — |  |  | 83,145 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 2,428 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,470 |
Benefit plan stock sales (purchases) (2) |  | — |  |  | (268) |  |  | — |  |  | (12) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12) |
Common stock repurchases |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Share-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,539 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,539 |
Balance at June 30, 2020 |  | $ | — |  |  | 53,818,841 |  |  | $ | 26,909 |  |  | $ | 1,113,883 |  |  | $ | 1,922,940 |  |  | $ | (904,640) |  |  | $ | 2,159,092 |

| Three months ended June 30, 2019

|  | Preferred Stock |  | Common Stock |  |  |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |
|  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Par |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total
|  | (In thousands, except share amounts) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at April 1, 2019 |  | $ | — |  |  | 53,300,205 |  |  | $ | 26,651 |  |  | $ | 1,086,714 |  |  | $ | 2,343,857 |  |  | $ | (890,418) |  |  | $ | 2,566,804 |
Comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 75,215 |  |  | (8,970) |  |  | 66,245 |
Common stock dividends declared —$0.54 per share |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (28,849) |  |  | — |  |  | (28,849) |
Common stock issued under employee stock award and stock purchase plans (1) |  | — |  |  | 153,797 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 2,982 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,058 |
Benefit plan stock sales (purchases) (2) |  | — |  |  | (220) |  |  | — |  |  | (11) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11) |
Common stock repurchases |  | — |  |  | (119,270) |  |  | (60) |  |  | (2,401) |  |  | (4,603) |  |  | — |  |  | (7,064) |
Share-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,523 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,523 |
Balance at June 30, 2019 |  | $ | — |  |  | 53,334,512 |  |  | $ | 26,667 |  |  | $ | 1,094,807 |  |  | $ | 2,385,620 |  |  | $ | (899,388) |  |  | $ | 2,607,706 |

__________________
(1)Net of common shares withheld as payment for the exercise price or to satisfy the holders’ withholding tax liability upon exercise of options.
(2)Represents open-market transactions of common shares by the trustee of our deferred compensation plans.
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

RYDER SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(unaudited)

| Six months ended June 30, 2020

|  | Preferred Stock |  | Common Stock |  |  |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |
|  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Par |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total
|  | (In thousands, except share amounts) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at January 1, 2020 |  | $ | — |  |  | 53,278,316 |  |  | $ | 26,639 |  |  | $ | 1,108,649 |  |  | $ | 2,177,513 |  |  | $ | (836,491) |  |  | $ | 2,476,310 |
Adoption of new accounting standard (See Note 2) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,077) |  |  | — |  |  | (5,077) |
Comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (183,712) |  |  | (68,149) |  |  | (251,861) |
Common stock dividends declared —$1.12 per share |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (60,226) |  |  | — |  |  | (60,226) |
Common stock issued under employee stock option and stock purchase plans (1) |  | — |  |  | 843,403 |  |  | 422 |  |  | 791 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,213 |
Benefit plan stock sales (purchases) (2) |  | — |  |  | 220 |  |  | — |  |  | 27 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27 |
Common stock repurchases |  | — |  |  | (303,098) |  |  | (152) |  |  | (6,214) |  |  | (5,558) |  |  | — |  |  | (11,924) |
Share-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,630 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,630 |
Balance at June 30, 2020 |  | $ | — |  |  | 53,818,841 |  |  | $ | 26,909 |  |  | $ | 1,113,883 |  |  | $ | 1,922,940 |  |  | $ | (904,640) |  |  | $ | 2,159,092 |

| Six months ended June 30, 2019

|  | Preferred Stock |  | Common Stock |  |  |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |
|  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Par |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total
|  | (In thousands, except share amounts) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at January 1, 2019 |  | $ | — |  |  | 53,116,485 |  |  | $ | 26,559 |  |  | $ | 1,084,391 |  |  | $ | 2,337,252 |  |  | $ | (911,634) |  |  | $ | 2,536,568 |
Comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 120,531 |  |  | 12,246 |  |  | 132,777 |
Common stock dividends declared —$1.08 per share |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (58,056) |  |  | — |  |  | (58,056) |
Common stock issued under employee stock option and stock purchase plans (1) |  | — |  |  | 563,091 |  |  | 281 |  |  | 2,435 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,716 |
Benefit plan stock sales (purchases) (2) |  | — |  |  | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |
Common stock repurchases |  | — |  |  | (345,114) |  |  | (173) |  |  | (6,940) |  |  | (14,107) |  |  | — |  |  | (21,220) |
Share-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,922 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,922 |
Balance at June 30, 2019 |  | $ | — |  |  | 53,334,512 |  |  | $ | 26,667 |  |  | $ | 1,094,807 |  |  | $ | 2,385,620 |  |  | $ | (899,388) |  |  | $ | 2,607,706 |

__________________
(1)Net of common shares withheld as payment for the exercise price or to satisfy the holders’ withholding tax liability upon exercise of options.
(2)Represents open-market transactions of common shares by the trustee of our deferred compensation plans.
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
6

RYDER SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
1. GENERAL
Interim Financial Statements
The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Ryder System, Inc. (Ryder) and all entities in which Ryder has a controlling voting interest (subsidiaries) and variable interest entities (VIE) required to be consolidated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP). The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting policies described in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K and should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto. The year-end condensed balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair statement have been included and the disclosures herein are adequate. The operating results for interim periods are unaudited and are not necessarily indicative of the results that can be expected for a full year.
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively impacted several areas of our businesses. In our Fleet Management Solutions (FMS) business segment, we experienced lower demand for commercial rental and declines in the used vehicle market. With respect to our ChoiceLease product line, our customers have signed long-term lease contracts and, therefore, we do not expect our revenue and cash flows to be materially affected provided our customers remain solvent and continue to make their payments. In our Supply Chain Solutions (SCS) business segment, there has been a deterioration in customer activity, primarily due to the temporary shutdowns in the automotive industry, which have restarted their operations during the second quarter of 2020. In addition, we have experienced a decline in our sales growth opportunities in all of our businesses. We have established additional bad debt reserves due to our expectations for COVID-19 related payment activity with certain customers as a result of increases in bankruptcies or insolvencies, or a delay in payments. We have attempted to mitigate the adverse impacts from the pandemic through cost reduction measures, including temporary employee furloughs, lower discretionary and overhead spending, and a reduction in capital expenditures. In addition, we took planned actions to reduce headcount, primarily in our North American and U.K. FMS operations.
Depending on the extent and duration of the pandemic and the related economic impacts, it may have a further impact on our business and financial results, as well as on significant judgments and estimates, including those related to goodwill and other asset impairments, residual values and other depreciation assumptions, deferred income taxes and annual effective tax rates, variable revenue considerations, the valuation of our pension plans, and allowance for credit losses.
Significant Accounting Policies
Our significant accounting policies are detailed in "Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" within Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
2. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Reference Rate Reform
In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848). This update provides optional expedients for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued at the end of 2021 because of reference rate reform. The update is effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. We are currently evaluating the impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
Income Taxes
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (Topic 740). This pronouncement enhances and simplifies various aspects of income tax accounting guidance. Among other things, the amendment removes the year-to-date loss limitations in interim-period tax accounting and requires entities to reflect the effect of an enacted change in tax laws in the interim period that includes the enactment date of the new legislation. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. We
7

RYDER SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(unaudited)
adopted this update in the first quarter of 2020, under the modified retrospective basis and prospective transition approaches, and it did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
Cloud Computing Arrangements
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal Use Software (Topic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which addresses a customer’s accounting for implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement (CCA) that is a service contract. The new standard aligns the accounting for costs incurred to implement a CCA that is a service arrangement with the guidance on capitalizing costs associated with developing or obtaining internal-use software. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. We adopted the new standard prospectively on January 1, 2020 and it did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326). The new standard modifies the measurement of expected credit losses of certain financial instruments, including accounts receivable (excluding those related to operating leases) and net investments in sales-type leases. Among other things, these amendments require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The standard requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to the statement of financial position as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. Periods prior to the adoption date that are presented for comparative purposes are not adjusted. We adopted this new standard as of January 1, 2020 and it did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
3. REVENUE
For the quarter ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, we recognized non-lease revenue from maintenance services of $238 million and $236 million, respectively, included in lease & related maintenance and rental revenues. We recognized $478 million and $475 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following tables disaggregate our revenue recognized by primary geographical market by our FMS, SCS and DTS reportable business segments, as well as by industry for SCS. Refer to Note 19, "Segment Reporting," for the disaggregation of our revenue by major products/service lines.
Primary Geographical Markets

| Three months ended June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| FMS |  | SCS |  | DTS |  | Eliminations |  | Total
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 1,081,448 |  |  | $ | 441,332 |  |  | $ | 293,944 |  |  | $ | (112,925) |  |  | $ | 1,703,799 |
Canada | 60,480 |  |  | 40,288 |  |  | — |  |  | (3,232) |  |  | 97,536 |
Europe | 56,249 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 56,249 |
Mexico | — |  |  | 37,698 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37,698 |
Total Revenues | $ | 1,198,177 |  |  | $ | 519,318 |  |  | $ | 293,944 |  |  | $ | (116,157) |  |  | $ | 1,895,282 |

8

RYDER SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(unaudited)

| Three months ended June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| FMS |  | SCS |  | DTS |  | Eliminations |  | Total
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 1,238,631 |  |  | $ | 539,623 |  |  | $ | 362,244 |  |  | $ | (152,010) |  |  | $ | 1,988,488 |
Canada | 76,390 |  |  | 53,545 |  |  | — |  |  | (5,462) |  |  | 124,473 |
Europe | 75,889 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 75,889 |
Mexico | — |  |  | 56,143 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 56,143 |
Singapore | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total Revenues | $ | 1,390,910 |  |  | $ | 649,311 |  |  | $ | 362,244 |  |  | $ | (157,472) |  |  | $ | 2,244,993 |
| Six months ended June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| FMS |  | SCS |  | DTS |  | Eliminations |  | Total
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 2,278,969 |  |  | $ | 963,857 |  |  | $ | 628,832 |  |  | $ | (250,220) |  |  | $ | 3,621,438 |
Canada | 131,245 |  |  | 93,840 |  |  | — |  |  | (8,203) |  |  | 216,882 |
Europe | 128,200 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 128,200 |
Mexico | — |  |  | 90,068 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 90,068 |
Total Revenues | $ | 2,538,414 |  |  | $ | 1,147,765 |  |  | $ | 628,832 |  |  | $ | (258,423) |  |  | $ | 4,056,588 |
| Six months ended June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| FMS |  | SCS |  | DTS |  | Eliminations |  | Total
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 2,437,574 |  |  | $ | 1,069,016 |  |  | $ | 711,865 |  |  | $ | (303,173) |  |  | $ | 3,915,282 |
Canada | 150,404 |  |  | 103,253 |  |  | — |  |  | (10,863) |  |  | 242,794 |
Europe | 154,531 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 154,531 |
Mexico | — |  |  | 109,420 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 109,420 |
Singapore | — |  |  | 3,293 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,293 |
Total Revenues | $ | 2,742,509 |  |  | $ | 1,284,982 |  |  | $ | 711,865 |  |  | $ | (314,036) |  |  | $ | 4,425,320 |

Industry
Our SCS business segment included revenue from the below industries:

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
Automotive | $ | 147,749 |  |  | $ | 261,288 |  |  | $ | 397,674 |  |  | $ | 514,967 |
Technology and healthcare | 84,766 |  |  | 110,054 |  |  | 175,899 |  |  | 223,723 |
Consumer package goods and retail | 236,499 |  |  | 225,582 |  |  | 466,431 |  |  | 442,679 |
Industrial and other | 50,304 |  |  | 52,387 |  |  | 107,761 |  |  | 103,613 |
Total SCS Revenues | $ | 519,318 |  |  | $ | 649,311 |  |  | $ | 1,147,765 |  |  | $ | 1,284,982 |

Contract Balances
We record a receivable related to revenue recognized when we have an unconditional right to invoice. Refer to Note 4 for further information regarding our receivables.
9

RYDER SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(unaudited)
Our contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue, which relates to payments received in advance of performance under the contract. Changes in contract liabilities are due to the collection of cash or the satisfaction of our performance obligation under the contract. Deferred revenue related to the maintenance services component of our ChoiceLease product line was $594 million and $587 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Revenue recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2020 was $103 million for the amounts recorded as deferred revenue at the beginning of the year. In addition, we deferred consideration of $117 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020, which was received in advance of performance resulting in an increase in deferred revenue.
Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized (“contracted not recognized revenue”). Contracted not recognized revenue includes deferred revenue and amounts for full service ChoiceLease maintenance revenue that will be recognized as revenue in future periods as we provide maintenance services to our customers. Contracted not recognized revenue excludes variable consideration as it is not included in the transaction price consideration allocated at contract inception, as well as revenues from our lease component of our ChoiceLease product and commercial rental product. Contracted not recognized revenue was $2.8 billion as of June 30, 2020. As a practical expedient, we do not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that are part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less, and we do not disclose information about remaining performance obligations when we have the right to invoice the customer and the revenue recognized corresponds directly with the value to the customer of our performance completed to date, such as our SCS and DTS contracts.
Costs to Obtain and Fulfill a Contract
We capitalize incremental sales commissions paid as a result of obtaining ChoiceLease, SCS and DTS service contracts as contract costs. Capitalized sales commissions were $94 million a nd $105 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Capitalized sales commissions include initial direct costs of our leases of $49 million a nd $55 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, related to incremental sales commissions paid to our sales force as a result of obtaining ChoiceLease contracts. Capitalized sales commissions are presented in “Sales-type leases and other assets” in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
For both the quarters ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, sales commission expense was $11 million. For both the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, sales commission expense was $22 million.
4. RECEIVABLES, NET

|  | June 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
|  | (In thousands) |  |
Trade |  | $ | 950,466 |  |  | $ | 1,060,298 |
Sales-type leases |  | 121,184 |  |  | 135,353 |
Other, primarily warranty and insurance |  | 60,897 |  |  | 55,600 |
|  | 1,132,547 |  |  | 1,251,251 |
Allowance for credit losses and other |  | (44,908) |  |  | (22,761) |
Total |  | $ | 1,087,639 |  |  | $ | 1,228,490 |

10

RYDER SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(unaudited)
The following table provides a reconciliation of our allowance for credit losses (in thousands):

Balance at December 31, 2019 |  | $ | 10,500 |
Charges to provisions for credit losses |  | 32,600 |
Impact of adoption of new accounting standard, write-offs, and other |  | (8,300) |
Balance at June 30, 2020 |  | $ | 34,800 |
Allowance for credit memos |  | 10,108 |
Allowance for credit losses and other |  | $ | 44,908 |

On January 1, 2020, we adopted the new accounting guidance related to the allowance for credit losses on our trade receivables and sales-type leases. As a result of the adoption, we increased our allowance for credit allowances and reduced retained earnings as of January 1, 2020, which was not material. We maintain an allowance for credit losses and an allowance for credit memos related to certain discounts and other customer concessions. Estimates are updated regularly based on our review of historical loss rates, as well as current and expected events of our business segments, current collection trends and billing adjustments processed. Accounts are charged against the allowance when determined to be uncollectible.
When a business relationship with a customer is initiated, we evaluate collectibility from the customer and it is continuously monitored as services are provided. We have a credit rating system based on internally developed standards and ratings provided by third parties. Our credit rating system, along with monitoring for delinquent payments, allows us to make decisions as to whether collectibility is probable at the on-set of the relationship and subsequently as we offer services. Factors considered during this process include historical payment trends, industry risks, liquidity of the customer, years in business, and judgments, liens or bankruptcies. Payment terms vary by contract type, although terms generally include a requirement of payment within 30 to 90 days. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have extended payment terms for certain customers, which we have elected to not assess as a lease modification. We continue to actively monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on expected credit losses.
5. REVENUE EARNING EQUIPMENT, NET

| June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  | December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |
| Cost |  | Accumulated Depreciation |  | Net Book Value (1) |  | Cost |  | Accumulated Depreciation |  | Net Book Value (1)
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Held for use: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ChoiceLease | $ | 11,681,853 |  |  | $ | (4,188,226) |  |  | $ | 7,493,627 |  |  | $ | 12,223,179 |  |  | $ | (4,125,342) |  |  | $ | 8,097,837 |
Commercial rental | 2,795,894 |  |  | (954,648) |  |  | 1,841,246 |  |  | 3,200,403 |  |  | (1,049,850) |  |  | 2,150,553 |
Held for sale | 1,136,016 |  |  | (901,050) |  |  | 234,966 |  |  | 748,435 |  |  | (569,161) |  |  | 179,274 |
Total | $ | 15,613,763 |  |  | $ | (6,043,924) |  |  | $ | 9,569,839 |  |  | $ | 16,172,017 |  |  | $ | (5,744,353) |  |  | $ | 10,427,664 |

————————————
(1)Revenue earning equipment, net includes vehicles under finance leases of $10 million, less accumulated depreciation of $8 million, as of June 30, 2020, and $12 million, less accumulated depreciation of $8 million, as of December 31, 2019.
We periodically review and adjust, as appropriate, the estimated residual values and useful lives of existing revenue earning equipment for the purposes of recording depreciation expense. Our review of the estimated residual values and useful lives of revenue earning equipment is established with a long-term view, which we refer to as "policy depreciation," based on vehicle class, generally subcategories of trucks, tractors and trailers by weight and usage, as well as other factors. These other factors include, but are not limited to, historical market prices, current and expected future market prices, expected lives of vehicles, and expected sales of used vehicles in the wholesale and retail markets. Reductions in estimated residual values or useful lives will result in an increase in depreciation expense over the remaining life of the vehicle.
We also assess estimates of residual values of vehicles expected to be made available for sale in the near-term (generally 12 to 24 months) based on near-term market rates and conditions and may adjust residual values for these vehicles, which we refer to as “accelerated depreciation.”
11

RYDER SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(unaudited)
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact on current and expected used vehicle market conditions, we performed a review of the estimated residual values of our FMS revenue earning equipment in the second quarter of 2020 for both accelerated and policy depreciation.
Accelerated Depreciation
In the first quarter of 2020, we revised our residual value estimates for vehicles that are expected to be sold in the near-term (through mid-2021) and recorded valuation adjustments on our vehicles held for sale due to the expected negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on pricing and volume of used vehicle sales. At that time, we expected lower used vehicle pricing in the second half of 2020 due to lower demand rather than our previous expectations of a modest increase. As a result, we recorded accelerated depreciation of $27 million and recognized losses of $21 million for used vehicle sales results in the first quarter. We recorded additional accelerated depreciation of $31 million in the second quarter of 2020 related to the first quarter change.
In the second quarter of 2020, we revised our residual value estimates further as we now expect a delayed recovery in the used vehicle market beyond our previous expectation of mid-2021. Due to the expected delayed recovery, we primarily extended accelerated depreciation by an additional year to now include vehicles expected to be sold through mid-2022. As a result of these changes in estimated residual values, we recorded additional accelerated depreciation of $31 million in the second quarter of 2020, which also included losses of $9 million for used vehicle sales results discussed further below.
Policy Depreciation
As a result of these factors related to COVID-19 and our lowered longer term outlook, we concluded that our residual value estimates likely exceeded the expected future values that would be realized upon the sale of vehicles in our fleet for vehicles expected to be sold after mid-2022. Therefore, we lowered our estimated residual values primarily for our truck fleet, and to a lesser extent, our tractor fleet, effective April 1, 2020. In evaluating our residual value estimates, we reviewed recent multi-year trends; management and third-party longer-term outlook for the used vehicle market, including impacts of COVID-19 and the demand and pricing of our used vehicles; expected sales volumes through our retail and wholesale channels; inventory levels; and other factors that management deemed necessary to appropriately reflect our expected long-term sales proceeds. Due to this change, we recorded additional policy depreciation of $18 million in the second quarter of 2020.
The first quarter and second quarter changes in our residual value estimates and resulting increase in depreciation expense and impact on used vehicle results in 2020 resulted in the following negative impacts on our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations:

| Three months ended June 30, 2020 |  | Six months ended June 30, 2020
| (In millions, except for per share data) |  |
Pre-tax earnings (loss) from continuing operations | $ | 80 |  |  | $ | 128 |
Net earnings (loss) | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | 95 |
Diluted EPS | $ | 1.13 |  |  | $ | 1.81 |

Used Vehicle Sales and Valuation Adjustments
Revenue earning equipment held for sale is stated at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. Losses on vehicles held for sale for which carrying values exceeded fair value, which we refer to as "valuation adjustments," are recognized at the time they are deemed to meet the held for sale criteria and are presented within “Used vehicle sales, net” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. For revenue earning equipment held for sale, we stratify our fleet by vehicle type (trucks, tractors and trailers), weight class, age and other relevant characteristics and create classes of similar assets for analysis purposes. For revenue earning equipment held for sale, fair value was determined based upon recent market prices obtained from our own sales experience for sales of each class of similar assets and vehicle condition. In addition, we also consider expected declines in market prices when valuing the vehicles held for sale, as well as the forecasted sales channel (retail/wholesale). As a result of the changes in our residual value estimates described above for accelerated and policy depreciation, we recorded valuation adjustments on our vehicles held for sale for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 as noted in the table below.
12

RYDER SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(unaudited)
The following table presents our assets held for sale that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and considered a Level 3 fair value measurement:

|  |  |  |  | Total Losses (2) |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| June 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue earning equipment held for sale (1): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trucks | $ | 48,744 |  |  | $ | 39,009 |  |  | $ | 5,389 |  |  | $ | 8,740 |  |  | $ | 16,451 |  |  | $ | 20,287 |
Tractors | 84,707 |  |  | 73,359 |  |  | 3,035 |  |  | 14,053 |  |  | 11,488 |  |  | 19,021 |
Trailers | 3,256 |  |  | 2,206 |  |  | 2,592 |  |  | 1,485 |  |  | 4,585 |  |  | 1,664 |
Total assets at fair value | $ | 136,707 |  |  | $ | 114,574 |  |  | $ | 11,016 |  |  | $ | 24,278 |  |  | $ | 32,524 |  |  | $ | 40,972 |

————————————
(1)Assets held for sale in the table above only include the portion of revenue earning equipment held for sale where net book values exceeded fair values and fair value valuation adjustments were recorded. The net book value of assets held for sale that were less than fair value was $98 million and $65 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
(2)Total losses represent fair value valuation adjustments for all vehicles reclassified to held for sale throughout the period for which fair value was less than net book value.
The components of used vehicle sales, net were as follows:

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
Losses (gains) on vehicle sales, net | $ | (1,528) |  |  | $ | (6,138) |  |  | $ | (2,352) |  |  | $ | (14,615) |
Losses from valuation adjustments | 11,016 |  |  | 24,278 |  |  | 32,524 |  |  | 40,972 |
Used vehicle sales, net | $ | 9,488 |  |  | $ | 18,140 |  |  | $ | 30,172 |  |  | $ | 26,357 |

6. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The carrying amount of goodwill attributable to each reportable business segment with changes therein was as follows:

| FMS |  | SCS |  | DTS |  |  |  | Total
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | 243,702 |  |  | $ | 190,515 |  |  | $ | 40,808 |  |  |  |  | $ | 475,025 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (256) |  |  | (289) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (545) |
Balance at June 30, 2020 | $ | 243,446 |  |  | $ | 190,226 |  |  | $ | 40,808 |  |  |  |  | $ | 474,480 |

We assess goodwill for impairment on October 1st of each year or more often if deemed necessary. In the first quarter of 2020, we performed an interim impairment test of our FMS North America reporting unit (“FMS NA”) as a result of the decline in market conditions and our updated outlook as a result of the impact of COVID-19. Our valuation of fair value for FMS NA was determined based on a discounted future cash flow model (income approach) and the application of current market multiples for comparable publicly-traded companies (market approach). Based on our analysis, we determined that FMS NA goodwill was not impaired as of March 31, 2020. The estimated fair value of the FMS NA reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by approximately 5% as of March 31, 2020.
Given this level of fair value, in the event the financial performance of FMS NA does not meet our expectations in the future; we experience future prolonged market downturns, including in the used vehicle market or continued declines in our stock price; worsening trends from the COVID-19 pandemic; or there are other negative revisions to key assumptions, we may be required to perform additional impairment analyses and could be required to recognize a non-cash goodwill impairment charge. As of June 30, 2020, FMS NA goodwill was $243 million. We determined that there was no interim impairment trigger event during the second quarter of 2020.
13

RYDER SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(unaudited)
The following table includes the carrying value of our intangible assets attributable to each reportable business segment:

| June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| FMS |  | SCS |  | DTS |  | CSS |  | Total
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Indefinite lived intangible assets - Trade name | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,731 |  |  | $ | 8,731 |
Finite lived intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer relationship intangibles | 56,050 |  |  | 49,518 |  |  | 7,582 |  |  | — |  |  | 113,150 |
Other intangibles, primarily trade name | 1,636 |  |  | 731 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,367 |
| 57,686 |  |  | 50,249 |  |  | 7,582 |  |  | 8,731 |  |  | 124,248 |
Accumulated amortization | (50,655) |  |  | (22,397) |  |  | (4,502) |  |  | — |  |  | (77,554) |
Total | $ | 7,031 |  |  | $ | 27,852 |  |  | $ | 3,080 |  |  | $ | 8,731 |  |  | $ | 46,694 |
| December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| FMS |  | SCS |  | DTS |  | CSS |  | Total
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Indefinite lived intangible assets - Trade name | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,731 |  |  | $ | 8,731 |
Finite lived intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer relationship intangibles | 56,050 |  |  | 49,518 |  |  | 7,582 |  |  | — |  |  | 113,150 |
Other intangibles, primarily trade name | 1,636 |  |  | 731 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,367 |
| 57,686 |  |  | 50,249 |  |  | 7,582 |  |  | 8,731 |  |  | 124,248 |
Accumulated amortization | (49,031) |  |  | (20,047) |  |  | (4,265) |  |  | — |  |  | (73,343) |
Total | $ | 8,655 |  |  | $ | 30,202 |  |  | $ | 3,317 |  |  | $ | 8,731 |  |  | $ | 50,905 |

RYDER SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(unaudited)
7. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER LIABILITIES

| June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  | December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |
| Accrued Expenses |  | Non-Current Liabilities |  | Total |  | Accrued Expenses |  | Non-Current Liabilities |  | Total
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and wages | $ | 116,237 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 116,237 |  |  | $ | 126,119 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 126,119 |
Deferred compensation | 4,375 |  |  | 66,533 |  |  | 70,908 |  |  | 6,436 |  |  | 65,006 |  |  | 71,442 |
Pension benefits | 3,841 |  |  | 402,483 |  |  | 406,324 |  |  | 3,863 |  |  | 413,829 |  |  | 417,692 |
Other postretirement benefits | 1,469 |  |  | 18,976 |  |  | 20,445 |  |  | 1,478 |  |  | 20,187 |  |  | 21,665 |
Other employee benefits | 11,236 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,236 |  |  | 21,577 |  |  | — |  |  | 21,577 |
Insurance obligations (1) | 166,905 |  |  | 300,372 |  |  | 467,277 |  |  | 163,763 |  |  | 285,838 |  |  | 449,601 |
Operating taxes | 120,973 |  |  | — |  |  | 120,973 |  |  | 116,003 |  |  | — |  |  | 116,003 |
Income taxes | 8,168 |  |  | 18,257 |  |  | 26,425 |  |  | 2,873 |  |  | 17,484 |  |  | 20,357 |
Interest | 46,160 |  |  | — |  |  | 46,160 |  |  | 46,032 |  |  | — |  |  | 46,032 |
Deposits, mainly from customers | 75,769 |  |  | 3,185 |  |  | 78,954 |  |  | 82,573 |  |  | 3,065 |  |  | 85,638 |
Operating lease liabilities | 72,513 |  |  | 162,124 |  |  | 234,637 |  |  | 72,285 |  |  | 151,361 |  |  | 223,646 |
Deferred revenue (2) | 167,281 |  |  | 446,691 |  |  | 613,972 |  |  | 165,205 |  |  | 438,482 |  |  | 603,687 |
Restructuring liabilities (3) | 17,356 |  |  | — |  |  | 17,356 |  |  | 6,765 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,765 |
Other | 57,032 |  |  | 77,850 |  |  | 134,882 |  |  | 61,105 |  |  | 46,751 |  |  | 107,856 |
Total | $ | 869,315 |  |  | $ | 1,496,471 |  |  | $ | 2,365,786 |  |  | $ | 876,077 |  |  | $ | 1,442,003 |  |  | $ | 2,318,080 |

————————————
(1)Insurance obligations are primarily comprised of self-insured claim liabilities.
(2)Deferred revenue is primarily related to the non-lease maintenance services component of our ChoiceLease product line.
(3)The increase in restructuring liabilities from December 31, 2019 principally represents certain severance actions in the second quarter of 2020. Refer to Note 16, "Other Items Impacting Comparability," for further information on restructuring activities during the second quarter. The majority of the balance remaining in restructuring liabilities is expected to be paid by mid-2021.
8. INCOME TAXES
Effective Tax Rate
Our effective income tax rate from continuing operations for the second quarter of 2020 was a benefit of 22.2% as compared to an expense of 26.8% in the second quarter of 2019 and a benefit of 12.3% in the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to an expense of 29.1% in the six months ended June 30, 2019. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the tax rate was impacted by the reduction in earnings due to additional depreciation charges and the COVID-19 economic effects. Additionally, for the six months ended June 30, 2020, we recorded a valuation allowance in the first quarter of 2020 of $13 million on the net deferred tax assets of our U.K. operations on a discrete basis.
15

RYDER SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(unaudited)
9. LEASES
Leases as Lessor
The components of lease income were as follows:

|  | Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
|  | (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lease income related to ChoiceLease |  | $ | 385,639 |  |  | $ | 374,550 |  |  | $ | 785,227 |  |  | $ | 734,859 |
Lease income related to commercial rental (1) |  | 161,220 |  |  | 239,068 |  |  | 356,915 |  |  | 458,240 |
Sales type leases |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income related to net investment in leases |  | $ | 12,080 |  |  | $ | 10,432 |  |  | $ | 23,724 |  |  | $ | 21,888 |
Variable lease income excluding commercial rental (1) |  | $ | 58,882 |  |  | $ | 58,409 |  |  | $ | 124,389 |  |  | $ | 113,848 |

————————————
(1)Lease income related to commercial rental includes both fixed and variable lease income. Variable lease income is approximately 15% to 25% of total commercial rental income based on management's internal estimates.
The components of net investment in sales-type leases were as follows:

| June 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  |
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |
Net investment in the lease — lease payment receivable | $ | 561,795 |  |  | $ | 553,076 |  |  |
Net investment in the lease — unguaranteed residual value in assets | 41,013 |  |  | 44,952 |  |  |
| 602,808 |  |  | 598,028 |  |  |
Estimated loss allowance (1) | (3,226) |  |  | (673) |  |  |
Total (2) | $ | 599,582 |  |  | $ | 597,355 |  |  |

————————————
(1)Amount as of June 30, 2020 reflects an immaterial cumulative-effect adjustment in connection with the adoption of the new credit loss standard (refer to Note 2 for further information).
(2)Net investment in the sales-type lease are included in "Receivables, net" and "Sales-type leases and other assets" in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
16

RYDER SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(unaudited)
10. DEBT

| Weighted Average Interest Rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| June 30, 2020 |  |  |  | Maturities |  | June 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
|  |  |  |  |  |  | (In thousands) |  |
Debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. commercial paper (1) | 0.69% |  |  |  | 2023 |  | $ | 76,410 |  |  | $ | 511,486 |
Canadian commercial paper (1) | 1.24% |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 118,146 |  |  | 136,199 |
Trade receivables program | 1.11% |  |  |  | 2021 |  | 200,000 |  |  | — |
Global revolving credit facility | 1.20% |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 1,800 |  |  | 8,104 |
Unsecured U.S. notes — Medium-term notes (1)(2) | 3.33% |  |  |  | 2020-2026 |  | 6,071,198 |  |  | 5,965,064 |
Unsecured U.S. obligations | 2.33% |  |  |  | 2021-2024 |  | 600,000 |  |  | 200,000 |
Unsecured foreign obligations | 2.04% |  |  |  | 2020-2024 |  | 309,627 |  |  | 270,719 |
Asset-backed U.S. obligations (3) | 2.51% |  |  |  | 2020-2026 |  | 751,567 |  |  | 807,374 |
Finance lease obligations and other |  |  |  |  | 2020-2073 |  | 47,869 |  |  | 51,717 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,176,617 |  |  | 7,950,663 |
Debt issuance costs |  |  |  |  |  |  | (28,917) |  |  | (25,875) |
Total debt |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,147,700 |  |  | 7,924,788 |
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,460,604) |  |  | (1,154,564) |
Long-term debt |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,687,096 |  |  | $ | 6,770,224 |

————————————
(1)Amounts are net of unamortized original issue discounts of $5 million and $6 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
(2)Amounts are inclusive of the fair market values of our hedging instruments on our notes of assets of $6 million as of June 30, 2020. The fair market values of our hedging instruments were not material as of December 31, 2019. The notional amount of the executed interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges was $375 million and $525 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
(3)Asset-backed U.S. obligations are related to financing transactions backed by a portion of our revenue earning equipment.
The following table includes our proceeds from borrowings and repayment of debt for the six months ended June 30, 2020.

Debt Proceeds |  |  | Debt Repayments |
| (In thousands) |  |  | (In thousands)
Floating-rate unsecured 364-day U.S. term loan | $ | 400,000 |  |  | 2.65% Medium-term notes (due March 2020) | $ | 400,000 |
4.625% Medium-term notes (due June 2025) | 399,924 |  |  | 2.50% Medium-term notes (due May 2020) | 300,000 |
3.35% Medium-term notes (due September 2025) | 399,724 |  |  | Unsecured foreign term loans (1.71% due March 2020 and 1.89% due March 2020) | 177,926 |
Trade receivables program | 300,000 |  |  | Trade receivables program | 100,000 |
Unsecured foreign term loans (1.71% due February 2021 and 1.89% due February 2023) | 177,926 |  |  | Asset-backed U.S. obligations | 60,318 |
Unsecured foreign term loans (2.94% due February 2021 and 2.99% due February 2022) | 60,132 |  |  | Canadian term loan, finance lease obligations, and other repayments | 25,852 |
Unsecured foreign term loan (3.44% due February 2023) | 18,791 |  |  |  |
Total debt proceeds | $ | 1,756,497 |  |  | Total debt repaid | $ | 1,064,096 |

17

RYDER SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(unaudited)
We maintain a $1.4 billion global revolving credit facility with a syndicate of twelve lending institutions, which matures in September 2023. The agreement provides for annual facility fees that range from 7.5 basis points to 20 basis points based on our long-term credit ratings. The annual facility fee is 15 basis points as of June 30, 2020, which applies to the total facility size of $1.4 billion. The credit facility is primarily used to finance working capital, but can also be used to issue up to $75 million in letters of credit (there were no letters of credit outstanding against the facility at June 30, 2020). At our option, the interest rate on borrowings under the credit facility is based on LIBOR, prime, federal funds or local equivalent rates. The credit facility contains no provisions limiting its availability in the event of a material adverse change to our business operations; however, the credit facility does contain standard representations and warranties, events of default, cross-default provisions and certain affirmative and negative covenants. As of June 30, 2020, there was $1.2 billion available under the credit facility.
In order to maintain availability of funding, we must maintain a ratio of debt to consolidated net worth of less than or equal to 300%. Net Worth, as defined in the credit facility, represents shareholders' equity excluding any accumulated other comprehensive income or loss associated with our pension and other postretirement plans. In the second quarter of 2020, Net Worth was amended to also (1) exclude currency translation adjustment as reported in our consolidated balance sheet; (2) add back the after-tax charge to shareholders' equity which resulted from our adoption of the new lease accounting standard as of December 31, 2018 (amortized quarterly to 50% of the charge over a 7 year period); and (3) add back any potential non-cash goodwill impairment charges, should they occur, up to a maximum amount. As of June 30, 2020, the ratio was 235%.
Our global revolving credit facility enables us to refinance short-term obligations on a long-term basis. Short-term commercial paper obligations are classified as long-term as we have both the intent and ability to refinance on a long-term basis. Starting in 2020, we have reflected all maturities within the next twelve months in the current portion of long-term debt even though we may refinance these obligations on a long-term basis and have the ability to do so under our revolving credit facility. As of December 31, 2019, we classified $227 million of short-term commercial paper, $400 million of the current portion of long-term debt and $201 million of short-term debt as long-term debt as we had the intent and ability to refinance the current portion of these long-term debt on a long-term basis.
In February 2020, we increased the amount of maximum available proceeds from our trade receivables purchase and sale program from $225 million t o $300 million. In April 2020, we extended the maturity of the trade receivables program to April 2021. As of June 30, 2020, the available proceeds under the program were $93 million.
We had letters of credit and surety bonds outstanding of $483 million and $453 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, which primarily guarantee the payment of insurance claims.
The fair value of total debt (excluding capital lease and asset-backed U.S. obligations) was approximately $7.7 billion and $7.0 billion as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. For publicly-traded debt, estimates of fair value were based on market prices. For other debt, fair value was estimated based on a model-driven approach using rates currently available to us for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities. The fair value measurements of our publicly-traded debt and other debt were classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The carrying amounts reported in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for “Cash and cash equivalents,” “Receivables, net” and “Accounts payable” approximate fair value because of the immediate or short-term maturities of these financial instruments.
11. SHARE REPURCHASE PROGRAMS
We maintain a share repurchase program intended to mitigate the dilutive impact of shares issued under our employee stock plans. In December 2019, our Board of Directors authorized management to have the ability to repurchase up to 1.5 million shares of common stock, the sum of which will not exceed the number of shares issued to employees under our employee stock plans from December 1, 2019 to December 11, 2021. Share repurchases of common stock are made periodically in open-market transactions and are subject to market conditions, legal requirements, and other factors. Management may establish prearranged written plans under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as part of the program, which allow for share repurchases during our quarterly blackout periods as set forth in the trading plan.
During the six months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019, we repurchased approximately 303,000 shares for $12 million and 345,000 shares for $21 million, respectively. In the second quarter of 2020, management decided to temporarily suspend the 2019 share repurchase program due to the impact of COVID-19.
18

RYDER SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(unaudited)
12. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
The following summary sets forth the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax:

|  | Currency Translation Adjustments |  | Net Actuarial Loss and Prior Service Costs (1) |  | Unrealized Gain/Loss from Cash Flow Hedges |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
|  | (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2019 |  | $ | (162,243) |  |  | $ | (667,459) |  |  | $ | (6,789) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (836,491) |
Amortization |  | — |  |  | 12,045 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12,045 |
Other current period change |  | (65,878) |  |  | (3,452) |  |  | (10,864) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (80,194) |
June 30, 2020 |  | $ | (228,121) |  |  | $ | (658,866) |  |  | $ | (17,653) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (904,640) |

|  | Currency Translation Adjustments |  | Net Actuarial Loss and Prior Service Costs (1) |  | Unrealized Gain/Loss from Cash Flow Hedges |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
|  | (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2018 |  | $ | (199,704) |  |  | $ | (711,921) |  |  | $ | (9) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (911,634) |
Amortization |  | — |  |  | 11,450 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11,450 |
Other current period change |  | 15,388 |  |  | (7,203) |  |  | (7,389) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 796 |
June 30, 2019 |  | $ | (184,316) |  |  | $ | (707,674) |  |  | $ | (7,398) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (899,388) |

_______________________
(1)These amounts are included in the computation of net pension expense. See Note 15, "Employee Benefit Plans," for additional information.
The loss from currency translation adjustments in the six months ended June 30, 2020 was primarily due to the weakening of the British Pound and Canadian Dollar against the U.S. Dollar. The gain from currency translation adjustments in the six months ended June 30, 2019 was primarily due to the strengthening of the Canadian Dollar against the U.S. Dollar offset by the weakening of the British Pound against the U.S. Dollar.
19

RYDER SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(unaudited)
13. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share from continuing operations:

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (In thousands, except per share amounts) |  |  |  |  |  |
Earnings (loss) per share — Basic: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations | $ | (73,705) |  |  | $ | 75,452 |  |  | $ | (182,834) |  |  | $ | 121,342 |
Less: Distributed and undistributed earnings allocated to unvested stock | (130) |  |  | (286) |  |  | (248) |  |  | (464) |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations available to common shareholders — Basic | $ | (73,835) |  |  | $ | 75,166 |  |  | $ | (183,082) |  |  | $ | 120,878 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding — Basic | 52,355 |  |  | 52,337 |  |  | 52,320 |  |  | 52,377 |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations per common share — Basic | $ | (1.41) |  |  | $ | 1.44 |  |  | $ | (3.50) |  |  | $ | 2.31 |
Earnings (loss) per share — Diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations | $ | (73,705) |  |  | $ | 75,452 |  |  | $ | (182,834) |  |  | $ | 121,342 |
Less: Distributed and undistributed earnings allocated to unvested stock | (130) |  |  | (286) |  |  | (248) |  |  | (464) |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations available to common shareholders — Diluted | $ | (73,835) |  |  | $ | 75,166 |  |  | $ | (183,082) |  |  | $ | 120,878 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding — Basic | 52,355 |  |  | 52,337 |  |  | 52,320 |  |  | 52,377 |
Effect of dilutive equity awards | — |  |  | 212 |  |  | — |  |  | 218 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding — Diluted | 52,355 |  |  | 52,549 |  |  | 52,320 |  |  | 52,595 |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations per common share — Diluted | $ | (1.41) |  |  | $ | 1.43 |  |  | $ | (3.50) |  |  | $ | 2.30 |
Anti-dilutive equity awards not included above | 3,612 |  |  | 1,724 |  |  | 3,498 |  |  | 1,703 |

14. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS
The following table provides information on share-based compensation expense and income tax benefits recognized during the periods:

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  |
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock option and stock purchase plans | $ | 1,052 |  |  | $ | 1,656 |  |  | $ | 2,409 |  |  | $ | 3,475 |  |  |
Unvested stock awards | 6,487 |  |  | 5,867 |  |  | 8,221 |  |  | 11,447 |  |  |
Share-based compensation expense | 7,539 |  |  | 7,523 |  |  | 10,630 |  |  | 14,922 |  |  |
Income tax benefit | (1,307) |  |  | (1,374) |  |  | (1,485) |  |  | (2,534) |  |  |
Share-based compensation expense, net of tax | $ | 6,232 |  |  | $ | 6,149 |  |  | $ | 9,145 |  |  | $ | 12,388 |  |  |

Total unreco gnized pre-tax compensation expense related to all share-based compensation arrangements at June 30, 2020 was $50 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.2 years.
20

RYDER SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(unaudited)
We generally grant awards under our various share-based compensation plans in the first quarter of each year in the annual management grant. The following table is a summary of the awards granted in the annual management grant in the first quarter of 2020:

| Shares Granted |  |  |  | Weighted-Average Fair Market Value |  |
| (Shares in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
Performance-based restricted stock rights | 292 |  |  |  | $ | 37.47 |  |  |
Time-vested restricted stock rights | 557 |  |  |  | 38.45 |  |  |
Total | 849 |  |  |  | $ | 38.11 |  |  |

Performance-based restricted stock awards (PBRSRs) include a performance-based vesting condition. PBRSRs are awarded based on various revenue, return-based and cash flow performance targets and a majority of PBRSRs include a total shareholder return (TSR) modifier. The fair values of the PBRSRs that include a TSR modifier are estimated using a lattice-based option-pricing valuation model that incorporates a Monte-Carlo simulation. The fair value of PBRSRs that do not include a TSR modifier is determined and fixed on the grant date based on our stock price on the date of grant. Share-based compensation expense for PBRSRs is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based upon the probability that the performance target will be met.
Restricted stock awards are unvested stock rights that are granted to employees and entitle the holder to shares of common stock as the award vests. Time-vested restricted stock rights typically vest ratably over three years regardless of company performance. The fair value of the time-vested awards is determined and fixed based on our stock price on the date of grant. Share-based compensation expense for restricted stock awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.
15. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
Components of net pension expense were as follows:

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
Pension Benefits |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company-administered plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service cost | $ | 2,741 |  |  | $ | 2,783 |  |  | $ | 5,954 |  |  | $ | 5,815 |
Interest cost | 17,353 |  |  | 21,395 |  |  | 34,885 |  |  | 42,864 |
Expected return on plan assets | (23,948) |  |  | (22,589) |  |  | (48,211) |  |  | (45,265) |
Amortization of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net actuarial loss | 7,437 |  |  | 7,432 |  |  | 15,152 |  |  | 15,042 |
Prior service cost | 185 |  |  | 187 |  |  | 372 |  |  | 366 |
| 3,768 |  |  | 9,208 |  |  | 8,152 |  |  | 18,822 |
Union-administered plans | 2,798 |  |  | 2,701 |  |  | 5,577 |  |  | 5,158 |
Net pension expense | $ | 6,566 |  |  | $ | 11,909 |  |  | $ | 13,729 |  |  | $ | 23,980 |
Company-administered plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. | $ | 6,055 |  |  | $ | 10,659 |  |  | $ | 12,833 |  |  | $ | 22,132 |
Non-U.S. | (2,287) |  |  | (1,451) |  |  | (4,681) |  |  | (3,310) |
| 3,768 |  |  | 9,208 |  |  | 8,152 |  |  | 18,822 |
Union-administered plans | 2,798 |  |  | 2,701 |  |  | 5,577 |  |  | 5,158 |
Net pension expense | $ | 6,566 |  |  | $ | 11,909 |  |  | $ | 13,729 |  |  | $ | 23,980 |

21

RYDER SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(unaudited)
Non-operating pension costs include the amortization of net actuarial loss and prior service cost, interest cost and expected return on plan assets components of pension and postretirement benefit costs, as well as any significant charges for settlements or curtailments if recognized. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we contributed $17 million to our pension plans. In 2020, the expected total contributions to our pension plans are approximately $37 million. We also maintain other postretirement benefit plans that are not reflected in the table above. The amount of postretirement benefit expense was not material for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.
16. OTHER ITEMS IMPACTING COMPARABILITY
Our primary measure of segment performance as shown in Note 19, "Segment Reporting," excludes certain items we do not believe are representative of the ongoing operations of the segment. Excluding these items from our segment measure of performance allows for better year over year comparison:

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restructuring and other, net | $ | 18,760 |  |  | $ | 5,935 |  |  | $ | 30,023 |  |  | $ | 8,523 |  |
ERP implementation costs | 11,032 |  |  | 3,901 |  |  | 21,358 |  |  | 7,491 |  |
Gain on sale of property | — |  |  | (18,614) |  |  | — |  |  | (18,614) |  |
Total other items impacting comparability | $ | 29,792 |  |  | $ | (8,778) |  |  | $ | 51,381 |  |  | $ | (2,600) |  |

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, other items impacting comparability included:
•Restructuring and other, net — For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, this primarily included severance costs of $13 million for both periods and professional fees related to the pursuit of a commercial claim, as well as net losses in our ChoiceLease insurance liability program which was discontinued in January 2020. The exit of this program is estimated to be completed in the second quarter of 2021. The severance costs recorded in the second quarter related to planned actions to reduce headcount, primarily in our North American and U.K. FMS operations. For the three months ended June 30, 2019, this primarily included charges related to cost saving initiatives and the pursuit of a commercial claim. In addition, for the six months ended June 30, 2019, this also included income from our Singapore operations that were shut down during the second quarter of 2019.
•ERP implementation costs — Related to charges with the implementation of an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. In July 2020, we went live with the first module of our ERP system for human resources.
In addition, we recorded a gain on the sale of certain SCS properties during the three months ended June 30, 2019. The gain is reflected within "Miscellaneous Income" in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
17. CONTINGENCIES AND OTHER MATTERS
We are a party to various claims, complaints and proceedings incident to the operation of our business including, but not limited to, those relating to commercial and employment claims, securities class actions, derivative claims, environmental matters, risk management matters (e.g., vehicle liability, workers’ compensation, etc.) and administrative assessments primarily associated with operating taxes. Other than as described below, we believe that all current proceedings are routine in nature and incidental to the conduct of our business and that the ultimate resolution of these claims, complaints and proceedings will not have a material effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
We will establish loss provisions for matters in which losses are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Our estimates regarding potential losses and materiality are based on our judgment and assessment of the claims utilizing currently available information. Although we will continue to reassess our reserves and estimates based on future developments, our objective assessment of the legal merits of such claims may not always be predictive of the outcome and actual results may vary from our current estimates.
22

RYDER SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(unaudited)
Securities Litigation Relating to Residual Value Estimates
On May 20, 2020, a putative class action on behalf of purchasers of our securities who purchased or otherwise acquired their securities between July 23, 2015 and February 13, 2020, inclusive (the “Class Period”), was commenced against us and certain of our current and former officers in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida. The complaint alleges, among other things, that the defendants misrepresented the Company’s depreciation policy and residual value estimates for its vehicles during the Class Period in violation of Section 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder, and seeks to recover, among other things, unspecified compensatory damages and attorneys' fees and costs.
In addition, on June 26, 2020, a shareholder derivative complaint purportedly on behalf of the Company was filed in the Circuit Court of the 11th Judicial Circuit in and for Miami-Dade County, Florida, against us as nominal defendant and certain of our current and former officers and our current directors, relating to the allegations set forth in the securities class action complaint and alleging breaches of fiduciary duties and unjust enrichment. The plaintiff, on our behalf, is seeking an award of monetary damages and restitution to us, improvements in our corporate governance and internal procedures, and legal fees.
We believe the claims asserted in the complaints are without merit and intend to defend against them vigorously.
18. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

| Six months ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  |
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |
Interest paid | $ | 123,258 |  |  | $ | 104,829 |  |  |
Income taxes paid | 4,997 |  |  | 10,782 |  |  |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: |  |  |  |  |
Finance leases | 5,511 |  |  | 6,633 |  |  |
Operating leases | 52,640 |  |  | 40,911 |  |  |
| June 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  |
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures acquired but not yet paid | $ | 75,576 |  |  | $ | 185,264 |  |  |

23

RYDER SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(unaudited)
19. SEGMENT REPORTING
Ryder is a global leader in transportation and supply chain management solutions. Our operating segments are aggregated into reportable business segments based upon similar economic characteristics, products, services, customers and delivery methods. We report our financial performance based on three business segments: (1) FMS, which provides full service leasing and leasing with flexible maintenance options, commercial rental, and contract or transactional maintenance services of trucks, tractors and trailers to customers principally in the U.S., Canada and the U.K.; (2) SCS, which provides integrated logistics solutions, including distribution, management, dedicated transportation and professional services in North America; and (3) DTS, which provides turnkey transportation solutions in the U.S. that includes dedicated vehicles, drivers and engineering, and administrative support. Dedicated transportation services provided as part of an operationally integrated, multi-service, supply chain solution to SCS customers are primarily reported in the SCS business segment.
Our primary measurement of segment financial performance, defined as segment “Earnings from continuing operations before taxes” (EBT), includes an allocation of Central Support Services (CSS) and excludes non-operating pension costs and certain other items as discussed in Note 16, "Other Items Impacting Comparability." CSS represents those costs incurred to support all business segments, including finance and procurement, corporate services, human resources, information technology, public affairs, legal, marketing and corporate communications. The objective of the EBT measurement is to provide clarity on the profitability of each business segment and, ultimately, to hold leadership of each segment accountable for their allocated share of CSS costs. Certain costs are not attributable to any segment and remain unallocated in CSS, including costs for investor relations, public affairs and certain executive compensation. CSS costs attributable to the business segments are predominantly allocated to FMS, SCS and DTS as follows:
•Finance, corporate services, and health and safety — allocated based upon estimated and planned resource utilization;
•Human resources — allocated under various methods, including based on estimated utilization and number of personnel supported;
•Information technology — principally allocated based upon utilization-related metrics such as number of users or minutes of CPU time. Customer-related project costs and expenses are allocated to the business segment responsible for the project; and
•Other — represents legal and other centralized costs and expenses including certain share-based incentive compensation costs. Expenses, where allocated, are based primarily on the number of personnel supported.
Our FMS segment leases revenue earning equipment as well as provides rental vehicles, fuel, maintenance and other ancillary services to the SCS and DTS segments. EBT related to inter-segment equipment and services billed to SCS and DTS customers (equipment contribution) are included in both FMS and the segment that served the customer and then eliminated upon consolidation (presented as “Eliminations”). Inter-segment EBT allocated to SCS and DTS includes earnings related to equipment used in providing services to SCS and DTS customers.
Segment results are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have occurred had each segment been an independent, stand-alone entity during the periods presented. We do not record right-of-use assets or liabilities for our intercompany operating leases between FMS and SCS and DTS business segments.
24

RYDER SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(unaudited)
The following table sets forth financial information for each of our segments and provides a reconciliation between segment EBT and earnings from continuing operations before income taxes.

|  | Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
|  | (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fleet Management Solutions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ChoiceLease |  | $ | 766,161 |  |  | $ | 757,271 |  |  | $ | 1,558,367 |  |  | $ | 1,497,329 |
SelectCare |  | 125,851 |  |  | 136,360 |  |  | 261,997 |  |  | 272,138 |
Commercial rental |  | 169,171 |  |  | 253,871 |  |  | 374,937 |  |  | 490,019 |
Other |  | 12,332 |  |  | 22,996 |  |  | 35,758 |  |  | 46,225 |
Fuel services revenue |  | 117,253 |  |  | 212,371 |  |  | 290,588 |  |  | 420,237 |
ChoiceLease liability insurance revenue (1) |  | 7,409 |  |  | 8,041 |  |  | 16,767 |  |  | 16,561 |
Fleet Management Solutions |  | 1,198,177 |  |  | 1,390,910 |  |  | 2,538,414 |  |  | 2,742,509 |
Supply Chain Solutions |  | 519,318 |  |  | 649,311 |  |  | 1,147,765 |  |  | 1,284,982 |
Dedicated Transportation Solutions |  | 293,944 |  |  | 362,244 |  |  | 628,832 |  |  | 711,865 |
Eliminations (2) |  | (116,157) |  |  | (157,472) |  |  | (258,423) |  |  | (314,036) |
Total revenue |  | $ | 1,895,282 |  |  | $ | 2,244,993 |  |  | $ | 4,056,588 |  |  | $ | 4,425,320 |
Earnings (Loss) Before Taxes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fleet Management Solutions |  | $ | (103,735) |  |  | $ | 57,746 |  |  | $ | (218,309) |  |  | $ | 118,657 |
Supply Chain Solutions |  | 36,916 |  |  | 45,774 |  |  | 67,941 |  |  | 78,091 |
Dedicated Transportation Solutions |  | 21,233 |  |  | 27,132 |  |  | 33,413 |  |  | 44,544 |
Eliminations |  | (7,745) |  |  | (19,166) |  |  | (17,814) |  |  | (36,468) |
|  | (53,331) |  |  | 111,486 |  |  | (134,769) |  |  | 204,824 |
Unallocated Central Support Services |  | (10,718) |  |  | (10,482) |  |  | (20,104) |  |  | (23,029) |
Non-operating pension costs (3) |  | (936) |  |  | (6,713) |  |  | (2,157) |  |  | (13,175) |
Other items impacting comparability, net (4) |  | (29,792) |  |  | 8,778 |  |  | (51,381) |  |  | 2,600 |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes |  | $ | (94,777) |  |  | $ | 103,069 |  |  | $ | (208,411) |  |  | $ | 171,220 |

_______________
(1)In the first quarter of 2020, we announced our plan to exit the extension of our liability insurance coverage for ChoiceLease customers. The exit of this program is estimated to be completed in the second quarter of 2021. We have reclassed the revenues associated with this program from our ChoiceLease revenues for better comparability of our on-going operations as this is now consistent with management reporting.
(2)Represents the elimination of intercompany revenues in our FMS business segment.
(3)Non-operating pension costs include the amortization of net actuarial loss and prior service costs, interest cost and expected return on plan assets
components of pension and postretirement benefit costs and pension settlement charges if one has occurred.
(4)Refer to Note 16, “Other Items Impacting Comparability,” for a discussion of items excluded from our primary measure of segment performance.
The following table sets forth the capital expenditures paid for each of our segments.

|  | FMS |  | SCS |  | DTS |  | CSS |  |  |  | Total
|  | (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Three months ended June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures paid |  | $ | 256,216 |  |  | 13,868 |  |  | 339 |  |  | 3,547 |  |  |  |  | $ | 273,970 |
Three months ended June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures paid |  | $ | 1,161,089 |  |  | 12,738 |  |  | 517 |  |  | 9,706 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,184,050 |
Six months ended June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures paid |  | $ | 679,332 |  |  | 19,874 |  |  | 763 |  |  | 4,961 |  |  |  |  | $ | 704,930 |
Six months ended June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures paid |  | $ | 2,167,218 |  |  | 25,494 |  |  | 860 |  |  | 17,189 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,210,761 |

25

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) should be read in conjunction with the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included under Item 1. In addition, reference should be made to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto and related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in the 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
OVERVIEW
Ryder is a global leader in transportation and supply chain management solutions. Our operating segments are aggregated into reportable business segments based upon similar economic characteristics, products, services, customers and delivery methods. We report our financial performance based on three business segments: (1) Fleet Management Solutions (FMS), which provides full service leasing and leasing with flexible maintenance options, commercial rental, and contract or transactional maintenance services of trucks, tractors and trailers to customers principally in the U.S., Canada and the U.K.; (2) Supply Chain Solutions (SCS), which provides integrated logistics solutions, including distribution, management, dedicated transportation and professional services in North America; and (3) Dedicated Transportation Solutions (DTS), which provides turnkey transportation solutions in the U.S. that includes dedicated vehicles, drivers and engineering, and administrative support. Dedicated transportation services provided as part of an operationally integrated, multi-service, supply chain solution to SCS customers are primarily reported in the SCS business segment.
We operate in highly competitive markets. Our customers select us based on numerous factors including service quality, price, technology and service offerings. As an alternative to using our services, customers may choose to provide these services for themselves, or may choose to obtain similar or alternative services from other third-party vendors. Our customer base includes enterprises operating in a variety of industries including food and beverage service, transportation and logistics, automotive, retail and consumer goods, industrial, housing, technology, and business and personal services.
Our results of operations and financial condition are influenced by a number of factors including, but not limited to: used vehicle sales; macroeconomic and other market conditions, including pricing and demand; customer contracting activity and retention; rental demand; maintenance costs; residual value estimates and other depreciation changes; currency exchange rate fluctuations; customer preferences; inflation; fuel and energy prices; general economic conditions; insurance costs; interest rates; labor costs; unemployment; tax rates; changes in accounting or regulatory requirements; and cybersecurity attacks. Additionally, in 2020, our business has, and will continue, to be impacted by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. For a detailed discussion of its impact on our results and future considerations, refer to our "Consolidated Results" and "Operating Results by Business Segment" discussions below. In addition, for a detailed description of certain risk factors that impact our business, including those related to the COVID-19 pandemic, refer to “Item 1A-Risk Factors” and "Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" sections included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
This MD&A includes certain non-GAAP financial measures. Refer to the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section of this MD&A for information on the non-GAAP measures included in the MD&A, reconciliations to the most comparable GAAP financial measure and the reasons why we believe each measure is useful to investors.
26

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Operating results were as follows:

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |  |  | 2020/2019 |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Three Months |  | Six Months
| (In thousands, except per share amounts) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total revenue | $ | 1,895,282 |  |  | $ | 2,244,993 |  |  | $ | 4,056,588 |  |  | $ | 4,425,320 |  |  | (16)% |  | (8)%
Operating revenue (1) | 1,623,244 |  |  | 1,804,132 |  |  | 3,394,491 |  |  | 3,554,619 |  |  | (10)% |  | (5)%
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes (EBT) | $ | (94,777) |  |  | $ | 103,069 |  |  | $ | (208,411) |  |  | $ | 171,220 |  |  | NM |  | NM
Comparable EBT (2)(3) | (64,049) |  |  | 101,004 |  |  | (154,873) |  |  | 181,795 |  |  | NM |  | NM
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations (2) | (73,705) |  |  | 75,452 |  |  | (182,834) |  |  | 121,342 |  |  | NM |  | NM
Comparable earnings (loss) from continuing operations (2)(3) | (49,457) |  |  | 73,854 |  |  | (121,561) |  |  | 132,316 |  |  | NM |  | NM
Net earnings (loss) (2) | (74,099) |  |  | 75,215 |  |  | (183,712) |  |  | 120,531 |  |  | NM |  | NM
Earnings (loss) per common share (EPS) — Diluted (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations | $ | (1.41) |  |  | $ | 1.43 |  |  | $ | (3.50) |  |  | $ | 2.30 |  |  | NM |  | NM
Comparable (3) | (0.95) |  |  | 1.40 |  |  | (2.33) |  |  | 2.51 |  |  | NM |  | NM
Net earnings (loss) | (1.42) |  |  | 1.43 |  |  | (3.52) |  |  | 2.28 |  |  | NM |  | NM

————————————
(1)Non-GAAP financial measure. Refer to the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section of this MD&A for a reconciliation of total revenue to operating revenue and the reasons why management believes this measure is important to investors.
(2)For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, these amounts include higher depreciation expense of $119 million and $247 million, respectively, related to the changes in estimated vehicle residual values and approximately $45 million and $70 million, respectively, related to estimated negative impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic, net of temporary cost savings.
(3)Non-GAAP financial measures. Refer to the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section for a reconciliation of EBT, net earnings and earnings per diluted common share to the comparable measures and the reasons why management believes these measures are important to investors.
NM - Not meaningful
Total revenue decreased 16% and operating revenue (a non-GAAP measure excluding fuel, subcontracted transportation and ChoiceLease liability insurance revenues) decreased 10% in the second quarter of 2020. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, total revenue decreased 8% and operating revenue decreased 5%. The decreases in both total revenue and operating revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the prior year periods were driven by revenue declines in all of our business segments, which included the impact of the economic slowdown from the COVID-19 pandemic primarily related to our commercial rental (FMS) and automotive (SCS) businesses.
EBT decreased to a loss of ($95) million and ($208) million in the second quarter of 2020 and for the six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. The decrease in the second quarter of 2020 was primarily due to $154 million of additional depreciation expense from changes in residual value estimates, which resulted in year-over-year earnings impact of $119 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, there was additional depreciation expense from changes in residual value estimates of $305 million, which resulted in year-over-year earnings of $247 million. In addition, there was negative estimated impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic of approximately $45 million and $70 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. These amounts are net of COVID-related temporary cost savings for the second quarter of approximately $35 million. For discussion on the higher depreciation expense related to the change in residual value estimates in 2020 and its impact on our FMS segment, refer to “Critical Accounting Estimates" discussion further below. For more information on the higher depreciation expense related to the change in residual value estimates in the third quarter of 2019, refer to “Critical Accounting Estimates” in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted several areas of our businesses. In our FMS business segment, we experienced lower demand for commercial rental and declines in the used vehicle market (refer to Note 5, "Revenue Earning Equipment" and “Critical Accounting Estimates" section below for additional information on residual value estimate changes and trends related to used vehicle sales). With respect to our ChoiceLease product line, our customers have signed long-term lease contracts and, therefore, we do not expect our revenue and cash flows to be materially affected provided our customers remain
27

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
solvent and continue to make their payments. In our SCS business segment, there has been a deterioration in customer activity, primarily due to the temporary shutdowns in the automotive industry, which have restarted their operations during the second quarter of 2020. In addition, we have experienced a decline in our sales growth opportunities in all of our businesses. We have established additional bad debt reserves due to our expectations for COVID-19 related payment activity with certain customers as a result of increases in bankruptcies or insolvencies, or a delay in payments. We have attempted to mitigate the adverse impacts from the pandemic through cost reduction measures, including temporary employee furloughs, lower discretionary and overhead spending, and a reduction in capital expenditures. In addition, we took planned actions to reduce headcount, primarily in our North American and U.K. FMS operations.
On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) was enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act, among other things, provides for an acceleration of alternative minimum tax credit refunds, the deferral of certain employer payroll taxes, the availability of an employee retention credit, and expands the availability of net operating loss usage. In addition, other governments in state, local and foreign jurisdictions in which we operate have also enacted certain relief measures. We continue to monitor new and updated legislation; the provisions enacted have not had a material impact on our financial statements or liquidity position.
Depending on the extent and duration of the pandemic and the related economic impacts, it may have a further impact on our business and financial results, as well as on significant judgments and estimates, including those related to goodwill and other asset impairments, residual values and other depreciation assumptions, deferred income taxes and annual effective tax rates, variable revenue considerations, the valuation of our pension plans, and allowance for credit losses.
28

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS
Lease & Related Maintenance and Rental

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Change 2020/2019 |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Three Months |  | Six Months
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lease & related maintenance and rental revenues | $ | 868,660 |  |  | $ | 933,833 |  |  | $ | 1,796,416 |  |  | $ | 1,833,392 |  |  | (7)% |  | (2)%
Cost of lease & related maintenance and rental | 775,350 |  |  | 687,540 |  |  | 1,593,642 |  |  | 1,351,829 |  |  | 13% |  | 18%
Gross margin | $ | 93,310 |  |  | $ | 246,293 |  |  | $ | 202,774 |  |  | $ | 481,563 |  |  | (62)% |  | (58)%
Gross margin % | 11% |  | 26% |  | 11% |  | 26% |  |  |  |

Lease & related maintenance and rental revenues represent revenues from our ChoiceLease and commercial rental product offerings within our FMS business segment. Revenues decreased 7% to $869 million in the second quarter of 2020 and 2% to $1.8 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2020 driven by lower commercial rental revenue and lower mileage based revenue due to the impacts of COVID-19, partially offset by ChoiceLease fleet growth and higher pricing. The negative estimated impact from COVID-19 related to lower commercial rental was approximately $65 million and $70 million for the second quarter and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively.
Cost of lease & related maintenance and rental represents the direct costs related to lease & related maintenance and rental revenues. These costs consist of depreciation of revenue earning equipment, maintenance costs (primarily repair parts and labor), and other costs such as licenses, insurance and operating taxes. Cost of lease & related maintenance and rental excludes interest costs from vehicle financing, which are reported within "Interest Expense" in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Cost of lease & related maintenance and rental increased 13% in the second quarter of 2020 and 18% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 due to higher depreciation expense. Depreciation expense increased in the second quarter of 2020 and for the six months ended June 30, 2020 by $119 million and $247 million, respectively, related to changes in our vehicle residual value estimates for our lease and commercial rental fleet in our FMS business. This was partially offset by lower maintenance and other costs due to less activity as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The increase in the six months ended June 30, 2020 also reflected a prior year benefit from a significant maintenance cost recovery item. Refer to our FMS business segment operating results section below for further discussion on COVID-19 impacts and “Critical Accounting Estimates" discussion further below for additional information on the residual value estimates change in 2020.
Lease & related maintenance and rental gross margin decreased in the second quarter of 2020 and for the six months ended June 30, 2020. Gross margin as a percentage of revenue decreased to 11% in both the second quarter of 2020 and for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The decreases in gross margin as a percentage of revenue and gross margin dollars were primarily due to higher depreciation as a result of changes in our vehicle residual value estimates and impacts from COVID-19, including lower commercial rental revenue and utilization and lower revenue based on mileage incurred by our customers, partially offset by lower maintenance costs due to less activity.
Services

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Change 2020/2019 |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Three Months |  | Six Months
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Services revenue | $ | 942,267 |  |  | $ | 1,159,100 |  |  | $ | 2,054,455 |  |  | $ | 2,291,148 |  |  | (19)% |  | (10)%
Cost of services | 793,353 |  |  | 976,405 |  |  | 1,747,782 |  |  | 1,948,095 |  |  | (19)% |  | (10)%
Gross margin | $ | 148,914 |  |  | $ | 182,695 |  |  | $ | 306,673 |  |  | $ | 343,053 |  |  | (18)% |  | (11)%
Gross margin % | 16% |  | 16% |  | 15% |  | 15% |  |  |  |

Services revenue represents all the revenues associated with our SCS and DTS business segments, as well as SelectCare and fleet support services associated with our FMS business segment. Services revenue decreased 19% in the second quarter and 10% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 primarily driven by decreases in revenue due to COVID-19 impacts in both SCS and
29

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
DTS. The six months ended June 30, 2020 also decreased due to lost business. SCS revenue decreased by an estimated $70 million related to reduced automotive activity in the second quarter of 2020 due to COVID-19. Refer to our SCS and DTS business segment operating results sections below for further discussion on COVID-19 impacts.
Cost of services represents the direct costs related to services revenue and is primarily comprised of salaries and employee-related costs, subcontracted transportation (purchased transportation from third parties), fuel, vehicle liability costs and maintenance costs. Cost of services decreased 19% in the second quarter and 10% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 primarily due to lower activity related to COVID-19 in SCS and lost business in DTS.
Services gross margin decreased 18% in the second quarter of 2020 and 11% for the six months ended June 30, 2020. Gross margin as a percentage of revenue remained flat at 16% in the second quarter of 2020 and 15% for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The decrease in gross margin dollars reflects COVID-19 impacts, including lower revenues in both SCS and DTS, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020.
Fuel

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Change 2020/2019 |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Three Months |  | Six Months
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fuel services revenue | $ | 84,355 |  |  | $ | 152,060 |  |  | $ | 205,717 |  |  | $ | 300,780 |  |  | (45)% |  | (32)%
Cost of fuel services | 77,980 |  |  | 148,363 |  |  | 198,429 |  |  | 291,638 |  |  | (47)% |  | (32)%
Gross margin | $ | 6,375 |  |  | $ | 3,697 |  |  | $ | 7,288 |  |  | $ | 9,142 |  |  | 72% |  | (20)%
Gross margin % | 8% |  | 2% |  | 4% |  | 3% |  |  |  |

Fuel services revenue represents fuel services provided to our FMS customers. Fuel services revenue decreased 45% in the second quarter of 2020 and 32% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 primarily reflecting lower fuel costs passed through to customers and lower gallons sold as a result of COVID-19.
Cost of fuel services includes the direct costs associated with providing our customers with fuel. These costs include fuel, salaries and employee-related costs of fuel island attendants and depreciation of our fueling facilities and equipment. Cost of fuel services decreased 47% in the second quarter of 2020 and 32% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 as a result of lower fuel costs and lower gallons sold.
Fuel services gross margin increased in the second quarter of 2020 and decreased for the six months ended June 30, 2020. Fuel services gross margin as a percentage of revenue increased to 8% in the second quarter of 2020 and 4% for the six months ended June 30, 2020. Fuel is largely a pass-through to customers for which we realize minimal changes in margin during periods of steady market fuel prices. However, fuel services margin is impacted by sudden increases or decreases in market fuel prices during a short period of time, as customer pricing for fuel is established based on trailing market fuel costs. Fuel services gross margin for the second quarter of 2020 and six months ended June 30, 2020 was impacted by these price change dynamics as fuel prices fluctuated during the period. In addition, fuel services gross margin for the second quarter of 2020 increased due to the timing of certain fuel inventory adjustments.
Other Operating Expenses

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Change 2020/2019 |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Three Months |  | Six Months
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other operating expenses | $ | 29,849 |  |  | $ | 29,663 |  |  | $ | 63,414 |  |  | $ | 63,289 |  |  | 1% |  | —%

Other operating expenses include costs related to our owned and leased facilities within the FMS segment, such as facility depreciation, rent, purchased insurance, utilities and taxes. These facilities are utilized to provide maintenance to our ChoiceLease, commercial rental, and SelectCare customers. Other operating expenses remained flat in the second quarter of 2020 and for the six months ended June 30, 2020.
30

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Change 2020/2019 |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Three Months |  | Six Months
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses (SG&A) | $ | 208,564 |  |  | $ | 226,416 |  |  | $ | 432,683 |  |  | $ | 457,741 |  |  | (8)% |  | (5)%
Percentage of total revenue | 11% |  | 10% |  | 11% |  | 10% |  |  |  |

SG&A expenses decreased 8% in the second quarter of 2020 and 5% for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The decreases in SG&A expenses primarily reflects lower compensation related expenses due to temporary employee furloughs, lower travel expense and lower professional services fees partially offset by higher bad debt expense. SG&A expenses as a percentage of total revenue increased to 11% for both the second quarter of 2020 and the six months ended June 30, 2020.
Non-Operating Pension Costs

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Change 2020/2019 |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Three Months |  | Six Months |  |
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-operating pension costs | $ | 936 |  |  | $ | 6,713 |  |  | $ | 2,157 |  |  | $ | 13,175 |  |  | (86)% |  | (84)% |  |

Non-operating pension costs includes the components of our net periodic benefit cost other than service cost. These components include interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortization of actuarial loss and prior service cost, as well as settlement or curtailment charges. Non-operating pension costs decreased $6 million in the second quarter and $11 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 due to favorable asset returns in 2019 and a decrease in interest rates.
Losses on Used Vehicle Sales, Net

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Change 2020/2019 |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Three Months |  | Six Months
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Losses on used vehicle sales, net | $ | 9,488 |  |  | $ | 18,140 |  |  | $ | 30,172 |  |  | $ | 26,357 |  |  | (48)% |  | 14%

Losses on used vehicle sales, net includes gains or losses from sales of used vehicles, selling costs associated with used vehicles and write-downs of vehicles held for sale to fair market values (referred to as "valuation adjustments"). Losses on used vehicle sales, net decreased to $9 million in the second quarter of 2020 due to lower valuation adjustments in the second quarter of 2020 as a result of accelerated depreciation recognized in previous periods. Losses on used vehicle sales, net increased to $30 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 due to lower gains on sale partially offset by lower valuation adjustments as compared to the prior year.
Average proceeds per unit in the second quarter and for the six months ended June 30, 2020 decreased from the prior year reflecting higher sales volumes in the wholesale markets which generally has lower proceeds per unit and lower retail pricing as compared to the prior year. The following table presents the used vehicle pricing changes compared with the prior year:

| Proceeds per unit change 2020/2019 |  |
| Three Months |  | Six Months
Tractors | (33)% |  | (30)%
Trucks | (9)% |  | (7)%

31

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Interest expense

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Change 2020/2019 |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Three Months |  | Six Months
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | $ | 67,285 |  |  | $ | 60,759 |  |  | $ | 129,851 |  |  | $ | 116,095 |  |  | 11% |  | 12%
Effective interest rate | 3.3% |  | 3.3% |  | 3.2% |  | 3.2% |  |  |  |

Interest expense increased 11% in the second quarter of 2020 and 12% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 reflecting higher average outstanding debt partially offset by lower variable interest rates. The increase in average outstanding debt reflects higher vehicle capital spending in 2019 and additional borrowings under our trade receivable program and global revolving credit facility in 2020. The lower interest rates in 2020 reflects the impact on variable rate debt during a lower interest rate environment.
Miscellaneous income, net

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Change 2020/2019 |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Three Months |  | Six Months
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Miscellaneous (income) loss, net | $ | (9,946) |  |  | $ | (21,911) |  |  | $ | (1,278) |  |  | $ | (30,133) |  |  | (55)% |  | (96)%

Miscellaneous (income) loss, net consists of investment income on securities used to fund certain benefit plans, interest income, gains from sales of operating property, foreign currency transaction remeasurement and other non-operating items. Miscellaneous (income) loss, net was income of $10 million in the second quarter of 2020 as compared to income of $22 million in the prior year primarily reflecting gains recognized on the sale of SCS properties in 2019 and higher rabbi trust investment income in 2020. Miscellaneous (income) loss, net was income of $1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to income of $30 million in the prior year primarily reflecting gains recognized on the sale of SCS properties in 2019, lower rabbi trust investment income in 2020 and foreign currency transaction remeasurement losses in 2020.
Restructuring and other items, net

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Change 2020/2019 |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Three Months |  | Six Months
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restructuring and other items, net | $ | 37,200 |  |  | $ | 9,836 |  |  | $ | 68,147 |  |  | 16,014 |  |  | NM |  | NM

Restructuring and other items, net in the second quarter of 2020 and for the six months ended June 30, 2020 included expenses related to our ChoiceLease insurance liability program which was discontinued in January 2020, the implementation of an Enterprise Resource Planning system, and severance and other related expenses recorded in the second quarter of 2020. We recorded severance costs of $13 million primarily related to headcount reductions aligned with our initiatives to improve returns, primarily in our North American and U.K. FMS business. These reductions are expected to result in estimated headcount-related savings of $12 million per quarter. In 2019, the amount primarily included consulting fees related to cost saving initiatives and income from our Singapore operations that shut down in 2019. Both years include professional fees related to the pursuit of a commercial claim.
32

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Provision for income taxes

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Change 2020/2019 |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Three Months |  | Six Months
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | $ | (21,072) |  |  | $ | 27,617 |  |  | $ | (25,577) |  |  | $ | 49,878 |  |  | NM |  | NM
Effective tax rate from continuing operations | 22.2% |  | 26.8% |  | 12.3% |  | 29.1% |  |  |  |
Comparable tax rate on continuing operations (1) | 22.8% |  | 26.9% |  | 21.5% |  | 27.2% |  |  |  |

————————————
(1)Non-GAAP Financial Measure. Refer to the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section for a reconciliation of the effective tax rate from continuing operations to the comparable tax rate on continuing operations and the reasons why management believes these measures are important to investors.
The effective tax rates from continuing operations for the second quarter in 2020 and for the six months ended June 30, 2020 were impacted by the reduction of earnings due to additional depreciation charges and the COVID-19 effects. Additionally, for the six months ended June 30, 2020, a $13 million valuation allowance was recorded against our U.K. deferred tax assets on a discrete basis. Our comparable tax rate on continuing operations for both periods was primarily driven by the reduction of earnings due to additional depreciation charges and the COVID-19 effects.
33

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
OPERATING RESULTS BY BUSINESS SEGMENT

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Change 2020/2019 |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Three Months |  | Six Months
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fleet Management Solutions | $ | 1,198,177 |  |  | $ | 1,390,910 |  |  | $ | 2,538,414 |  |  | $ | 2,742,509 |  |  | (14)% |  | (7)%
Supply Chain Solutions | 519,318 |  |  | 649,311 |  |  | 1,147,765 |  |  | 1,284,982 |  |  | (20)% |  | (11)%
Dedicated Transportation Solutions | 293,944 |  |  | 362,244 |  |  | 628,832 |  |  | 711,865 |  |  | (19)% |  | (12)%
Eliminations | (116,157) |  |  | (157,472) |  |  | (258,423) |  |  | (314,036) |  |  | 26% |  | 18%
Total | $ | 1,895,282 |  |  | $ | 2,244,993 |  |  | $ | 4,056,588 |  |  | $ | 4,425,320 |  |  | (16)% |  | (8)%
Operating Revenue: (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fleet Management Solutions | $ | 1,073,515 |  |  | $ | 1,170,498 |  |  | $ | 2,231,059 |  |  | $ | 2,305,711 |  |  | (8)% |  | (3)%
Supply Chain Solutions | 405,057 |  |  | 482,756 |  |  | 872,368 |  |  | 959,845 |  |  | (16)% |  | (9)%
Dedicated Transportation Solutions | 227,931 |  |  | 248,064 |  |  | 464,616 |  |  | 483,684 |  |  | (8)% |  | (4)%
Eliminations | (83,259) |  |  | (97,186) |  |  | (173,552) |  |  | (194,621) |  |  | 14% |  | 11%
Total | $ | 1,623,244 |  |  | $ | 1,804,132 |  |  | $ | 3,394,491 |  |  | $ | 3,554,619 |  |  | (10)% |  | (5)%
Earnings (Loss) Before Taxes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fleet Management Solutions | $ | (103,735) |  |  | $ | 57,746 |  |  | $ | (218,309) |  |  | $ | 118,657 |  |  | NM |  | NM
Supply Chain Solutions | 36,916 |  |  | 45,774 |  |  | 67,941 |  |  | 78,091 |  |  | (19)% |  | (13)%
Dedicated Transportation Solutions | 21,233 |  |  | 27,132 |  |  | 33,413 |  |  | 44,544 |  |  | (22)% |  | (25)%
Eliminations | (7,745) |  |  | (19,166) |  |  | (17,814) |  |  | (36,468) |  |  | 60% |  | 51%
| (53,331) |  |  | 111,486 |  |  | (134,769) |  |  | 204,824 |  |  | NM |  | NM
Unallocated Central Support Services | (10,718) |  |  | (10,482) |  |  | (20,104) |  |  | (23,029) |  |  | (2)% |  | 13%
Non-operating pension costs | (936) |  |  | (6,713) |  |  | (2,157) |  |  | (13,175) |  |  | 86% |  | 84%
Other items impacting comparability, net (2) | (29,792) |  |  | 8,778 |  |  | (51,381) |  |  | 2,600 |  |  | NM |  | NM
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes | $ | (94,777) |  |  | $ | 103,069 |  |  | $ | (208,411) |  |  | $ | 171,220 |  |  | NM |  | NM

————————————
(1)Non-GAAP financial measure. Refer to the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section of this MD&A for a reconciliation of total revenue to operating revenue and segment total revenue to segment operating revenue for FMS, SCS and DTS, as well as the reasons why management believes these measures are important to investors.
(2)Refer to Note 16, "Other Items Impacting Comparability," and below for a discussion of items excluded from our primary measure of segment performance.
NM - Not meaningful
As part of management’s evaluation of segment operating performance, we define the primary measurement of our segment financial performance as segment “Earnings from continuing operations before taxes” (EBT), which includes an allocation of Central Support Services (CSS), and excludes non-operating pension costs and certain other items as discussed in Note 16, "Other Items Impacting Comparability," in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. CSS represents those costs incurred to support all business segments, including finance and procurement, corporate services, human resources, information technology, public affairs, legal, marketing, and corporate communications.
The objective of the EBT measurement is to provide clarity on the profitability of each segment and, ultimately, to hold leadership of each business segment accountable for their allocated share of CSS costs. Segment results are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have occurred had each segment been an independent, stand-alone entity during the periods presented. Certain costs are not attributable to any segment and remain unallocated in CSS, including costs for
34

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
investor relations, public affairs and certain executive compensation. See Note 19, "Segment Reporting," in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the methodology for allocating the remainder of CSS costs to the business segments.
Our FMS segment leases revenue earning equipment, as well as provides rental vehicles, fuel, maintenance and other ancillary services to the SCS and DTS segments. EBT related to inter-segment equipment and services billed to SCS and DTS customers (equipment contribution) are included in both FMS and the segment that served the customer and then eliminated upon consolidation (presented as “Eliminations”). Inter-segment EBT allocated to SCS and DTS includes earnings related to equipment used in providing services to SCS and DTS customers.
The following table sets forth the benefits from equipment contribution included in EBT for our SCS and DTS business segments:

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Change 2020/2019 |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Three Months |  | Six Months
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equipment Contribution: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Supply Chain Solutions | $ | 3,238 |  |  | $ | 8,016 |  |  | $ | 7,798 |  |  | $ | 15,658 |  |  | (60)% |  | (50)%
Dedicated Transportation Solutions | 4,507 |  |  | 11,150 |  |  | 10,016 |  |  | 20,810 |  |  | (60)% |  | (52)%
Total (1) | $ | 7,745 |  |  | $ | 19,166 |  |  | $ | 17,814 |  |  | $ | 36,468 |  |  | (60)% |  | (51)%

———————————
(1)Total amoun t is included in FMS EBT.
The decreases in SCS and DTS equipment contribution in the second quarter and for the six months ended June 30, 2020 is primarily related to the impact of higher depreciation expense due to the changes in estimate for residual values on vehicles used to provide services to SCS and DTS customers.
Items excluded from our segment EBT measure and their classification within our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings are as follows:

|  |  |  | Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
Description |  | Classification |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
|  |  |  | (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
Restructuring and other, net (1) |  | Revenue and Restructuring and other items, net |  | $ | (18,760) |  |  | $ | (5,935) |  |  | $ | (30,023) |  |  | $ | (8,523) |
ERP implementation costs (1) |  | Restructuring and other items, net |  | (11,032) |  |  | (3,901) |  |  | (21,358) |  |  | (7,491) |
Gain on sale of property (1) |  | Miscellaneous income |  | — |  |  | 18,614 |  |  | — |  |  | 18,614 |
Other items impacting comparability, net |  |  |  | (29,792) |  |  | 8,778 |  |  | (51,381) |  |  | 2,600 |
Non-operating pension costs |  | Non-operating pension costs |  | (936) |  |  | (6,713) |  |  | (2,157) |  |  | (13,175) |
|  |  |  | $ | (30,728) |  |  | $ | 2,065 |  |  | $ | (53,538) |  |  | $ | (10,575) |

———————————
(1)See Note 16, “Other Items Impacting Comparability,” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
35

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Fleet Management Solutions

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Change 2020/2019 |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Three Months |  | Six Months
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ChoiceLease | $ | 766,161 |  |  | $ | 757,271 |  |  | $ | 1,558,367 |  |  | $ | 1,497,329 |  |  | 1% |  | 4%
SelectCare | 125,851 |  |  | 136,360 |  |  | 261,997 |  |  | 272,138 |  |  | (8)% |  | (4)%
Commercial rental | 169,171 |  |  | 253,871 |  |  | 374,937 |  |  | 490,019 |  |  | (33)% |  | (23)%
Other | 12,332 |  |  | 22,996 |  |  | 35,758 |  |  | 46,225 |  |  | (46)% |  | (23)%
Fuel services | 117,253 |  |  | 212,371 |  |  | 290,588 |  |  | 420,237 |  |  | (45)% |  | (31)%
ChoiceLease liability insurance (1) | 7,409 |  |  | 8,041 |  |  | 16,767 |  |  | 16,561 |  |  | (8)% |  | 1%
FMS total revenue (2) | $ | 1,198,177 |  |  | $ | 1,390,910 |  |  | $ | 2,538,414 |  |  | $ | 2,742,509 |  |  | (14)% |  | (7)%
FMS operating revenue (3) | $ | 1,073,515 |  |  | $ | 1,170,498 |  |  | $ | 2,231,059 |  |  | $ | 2,305,711 |  |  | (8)% |  | (3)%
FMS EBT | $ | (103,735) |  |  | $ | 57,746 |  |  | $ | (218,309) |  |  | $ | 118,657 |  |  | NM |  | NM
FMS EBT as a % of FMS total revenue | (8.7)% |  | 4.2% |  | (8.6)% |  | 4.3% |  | (1,290) bps |  | (1,290) bps
FMS EBT as a % of FMS operating revenue (3) | (9.7)% |  | 4.9% |  | (9.8)% |  | 5.1% |  | (1,460) bps |  | (1,490) bps

————————————
(1)In the first quarter of 2020, we announced our plan to exit the extension of our liability insurance coverage for ChoiceLease customers. The exit of this program is estimated to be completed in the second quarter of 2021. We have revised our definition of operating revenues to exclude the revenues associated with this program for better comparability of our on-going operations.
(2)Includes intercompany fuel sales from FMS to SCS and DTS.
(3)Non-GAAP financial measures. Reconciliations of FMS total revenue to FMS operating revenue and FMS EBT as a % of FMS total revenue to FMS EBT as a % of FMS operating revenue, as well as the reasons why management believes these measures are important to investors are included in the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section of this MD&A.
The following table summarizes the components of the change in FMS revenue on a percentage basis versus the prior year:

| Three months ended June 30, 2020 |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, 2020 |  |
| Total |  | Operating (1) |  | Total |  | Operating (1)
Organic including price and volume | (7)% |  | (8)% |  | (2)% |  | (3)%
FMS fuel | (7) |  | — |  | (5) |  | —
Net increase (decrease) | (14)% |  | (8)% |  | (7)% |  | (3)%

————————————
(1)Non-GAAP financial measure. A reconciliation of FMS total revenue to FMS operating revenue as well as the reasons why management believes this measure is important to investors is included in the "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" section of this MD&A.
FMS total revenue decreased to $1.2 billion in the second quarter and $2.5 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2020 primarily due to lower commercial rental revenue and lower fuel services revenue. FMS operating revenue decreased to $1.1 billion in the second quarter and $2.2 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2020 primarily from declines in commercial rental driven by estimated impacts from COVID-19, partially offset by growth in ChoiceLease.
ChoiceLease revenue increased 1% in the second quarter and 4% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 primarily due to a larger average fleet size and higher prices on new vehicles, partially offset by lower revenue based on mileage due to the impacts of COVID-19. SelectCare revenue decreased 8% in the second quarter and 4% in the six months ended June 30, 2020 due to lower volumes related to the impacts from COVID-19. Commercial rental revenue decreased 33% in the second quarter and 23% in the six months ended June 30, 2020 primarily due to lower demand. The negative estimated impact from COVID-19 related to lower commercial rental was approximately $65 million and $70 million for the second quarter and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. Fuel services revenue decreased 45% in the second quarter and 31% in the six months ended June 30, 2020 primarily reflecting lower fuel costs passed through to customers and lower gallons sold as a result of impacts from COVID-19.
36

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
The following table provides commercial rental statistics on our global fleet:

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Change 2020/2019 |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Three Months |  | Six Months
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rental revenue from non-lease customers | $ | 111,265 |  |  | $ | 152,201 |  |  | $ | 236,550 |  |  | $ | 281,749 |  |  | (27)% |  | (16)%
Rental revenue from lease customers (1) | $ | 57,906 |  |  | $ | 101,670 |  |  | $ | 138,387 |  |  | $ | 208,270 |  |  | (43)% |  | (34)%
Average commercial rental power fleet size — in service (2) (3) | 31,300 |  | 35,900 |  | 32,300 |  | 35,300 |  | (13)% |  | (8)%
Commercial rental utilization — power fleet (2) | 55.9% |  | 75.3% |  | 60.3% |  | 75.1% |  | (1,940) bps |  | (1,480) bps

————————————
(1)Represents revenue from rental vehicles provided to our existing ChoiceLease customers, generally in place of a lease vehicle.
(2)Number of units rounded to nearest hundred and calculated using quarterly average unit counts.
(3)Excluding trailers.
FMS EBT decreased to a loss of ($104) million in the second quarter of 2020 from earnings of $58 million in the prior year period. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, FMS EBT decreased to a loss of ($218) million from earnings of $119 million in the prior year period. The decrease in the second quarter of 2020 was primarily due to $154 million of additional depreciation expense from changes in residual value estimates, which resulted in year-over-year earnings impact of $119 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, there was additional depreciation expense from changes in residual value estimates of $305 million, which resulted in year-over-year earnings of $247 million. In addition, there was a negative estimated impact of COVID-19 on commercial rental performance of approximately $55 million in the second quarter. This was partially offset by COVID-19-related cost actions and lower medical expenses totaling $20 million for both periods. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, we were also negatively impacted by approximately $15 million due to lower rental demand and higher bad debt reserves in the first quarter of 2020 related to COVID-19. Commercial rental performance was lower reflecting lower utilization for both the second quarter and six months ended June 30, 2020. Rental power fleet utilization decreased to 55.9% for the second quarter and to 60.3% in the six months ended June 30, 2020 as noted in the table above. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, lease results increased, which benefited from fleet growth.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact on current and expected used vehicle market conditions, including our expectation on a delayed recovery in the used vehicle market beyond our previous expectation of mid-2021, we performed a review of the estimated residual values of our FMS revenue earning equipment in the second quarter of 2020 for both accelerated and policy depreciation. The change in estimated residual values was effective April 1, 2020 and resulted in higher depreciation for the second quarter. As a result of the change in vehicle residual value estimates, we expect higher depreciation expense on our current fleet in the future, which would negatively impact FMS EBT, in particular for the remainder of 2020 and 2021. We expect the negative impact of these residual value estimate changes on FMS EBT to decline going forward through 2025. Refer to "Critical Accounting Estimates" below and Note 5, "Revenue Earning Equipment, net" in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, demand for commercial rental vehicles has decreased significantly due to a substantial reduction in business activity. We expect lower demand conditions to continue through the balance of the year and are taking actions to reduce the rental fleet size, and redeploy rental vehicles to fulfill new lease contracts and support the SCS and DTS segments. ChoiceLease operations have not been materially impacted to date by the pandemic, however we expect lower lease sales activity in the second half of 2020 as compared to the prior year.
37

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Our global fleet of owned and leased revenue earning equipment and SelectCare vehicles, including vehicles under on-demand maintenance, is summarized as follows (number of units rounded to the nearest hundred):

|  |  |  |  |  |  | Change |  |
| June 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | June 30, 2019 |  | 2020/ Dec. 2019 |  | 2020/ 2019
End of period vehicle count |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
By type: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trucks (1) | 82,800 |  |  | 85,200 |  |  | 85,100 |  |  | (3)% |  | (3)%
Tractors (2) | 79,400 |  |  | 82,400 |  |  | 82,200 |  |  | (4)% |  | (3)%
Trailers (3) | 45,000 |  |  | 45,400 |  |  | 45,300 |  |  | (1)% |  | (1)%
Other | 800 |  |  | 800 |  |  | 1,100 |  |  | —% |  | (27)%
Total | 208,000 |  |  | 213,800 |  |  | 213,700 |  |  | (3)% |  | (3)%
By product line: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ChoiceLease | 154,600 |  |  | 159,800 |  |  | 157,300 |  |  | (3)% |  | (2)%
Commercial rental | 36,800 |  |  | 41,900 |  |  | 45,400 |  |  | (12)% |  | (19)%
Service vehicles and other | 2,600 |  |  | 2,700 |  |  | 2,700 |  |  | (4)% |  | (4)%
| 194,000 |  |  | 204,400 |  |  | 205,400 |  |  | (5)% |  | (6)%
Held for sale | 14,000 |  |  | 9,400 |  |  | 8,300 |  |  | 49% |  | 69%
Total | 208,000 |  |  | 213,800 |  |  | 213,700 |  |  | (3)% |  | (3)%
Customer vehicles under SelectCare contracts (4) | 54,900 |  |  | 55,800 |  |  | 56,100 |  |  | (2)% |  | (2)%
Quarterly average vehicle count |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
By product line: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ChoiceLease | 156,900 |  |  | 160,200 |  |  | 155,900 |  |  | (2)% |  | 1%
Commercial rental | 38,200 |  |  | 43,300 |  |  | 44,800 |  |  | (12)% |  | (15)%
Service vehicles and other | 2,700 |  |  | 2,700 |  |  | 2,700 |  |  | —% |  | —%
| 197,800 |  |  | 206,200 |  |  | 203,400 |  |  | (4)% |  | (3)%
Held for sale | 13,100 |  |  | 8,200 |  |  | 7,900 |  |  | 60% |  | 66%
Total | 210,900 |  |  | 214,400 |  |  | 211,300 |  |  | (2)% |  | —%
Customer vehicles under SelectCare contracts (4) | 55,200 |  |  | 56,900 |  |  | 55,600 |  |  | (3)% |  | (1)%
Customer vehicles under SelectCare on-demand (5) | 6,900 |  |  | 8,500 |  |  | 9,100 |  |  | (19)% |  | (24)%
Total vehicles serviced | 273,000 |  |  | 279,800 |  |  | 276,000 |  |  | (2)% |  | (1)%
Year-to-date average vehicle count |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
By product line: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ChoiceLease | 158,200 |  |  | 156,600 |  |  | 152,800 |  |  | 1% |  | 4%
Commercial rental | 39,400 |  |  | 44,100 |  |  | 43,500 |  |  | (11)% |  | (9)%
Service vehicles and other | 2,700 |  |  | 2,700 |  |  | 2,800 |  |  | —% |  | (4)%
| 200,300 |  |  | 203,400 |  |  | 199,100 |  |  | (2)% |  | 1%
Held for sale | 11,700 |  |  | 7,800 |  |  | 7,500 |  |  | 50% |  | 56%
Total | 212,000 |  |  | 211,200 |  |  | 206,600 |  |  | —% |  | 3%
Customer vehicles under SelectCare contracts (4) | 55,300 |  |  | 56,300 |  |  | 55,700 |  |  | (2)% |  | (1)%
Customer vehicles under SelectCare on-demand (5) | 12,300 |  |  | 23,200 |  |  | 15,100 |  |  | (47)% |  | (19)%
Total vehicle serviced | 279,600 |  |  | 290,700 |  |  | 277,400 |  |  | (4)% |  | 1%

———————————
(1)Generally comprised of Class 1 through Class 7 type vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) up to 33,000 pounds.
(2)Generally comprised of over the road on highway tractors and are primarily comprised of Class 8 type vehicles with a GVW of over 33,000 pounds.
(3)Generally comprised of dry, flatbed and refrigerated type trailers.
(4)Excludes customer vehicles under SelectCare on-demand contracts.
(5)Comprised of the number of unique vehicles serviced under on-demand maintenance agreements for the quarterly periods. This does not represent averages for the periods. Vehicles included in the count may have been serviced more than one time during the respective period.
Note: Quarterly and year-to-date amounts were computed using a 6-point average based on monthly information.
38

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
The following table provides information on our active fleet (number of units rounded to nearest hundred):

|  |  |  |  |  |  | Change |  |
| June 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | June 30, 2019 |  | 2020/ Dec. 2019 |  | 2020/ 2019
End of period vehicle count |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Active ChoiceLease vehicles (1) | 144,900 |  |  | 147,400 |  |  | 144,600 |  |  | (2)% |  | —%
Quarterly average vehicle count |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Active ChoiceLease vehicles (1) | 146,600 |  |  | 146,900 |  |  | 144,000 |  |  | —% |  | 2%
Revenue per active ChoiceLease vehicle (2) | $ | 5,200 |  |  | $ | 5,500 |  |  | $ | 5,300 |  |  | (5)% |  | (2)%

———————————
(1)Active ChoiceLease vehicles are calculated as those units currently earning revenue and not classified as not yet earning or no longer earning units.
(2)Calculated based on the reported quarterly ChoiceLease revenue.
Note: Quarterly and year-to-date amounts were computed using a 6-point average based on monthly information.
The following table provides a breakdown of our non-revenue earning equipment included in our end of period global fleet count (number of units rounded to nearest hundred):

|  |  |  |  |  |  | Change |  |
| June 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | June 30, 2019 |  | 2020/ Dec. 2019 |  | 2020/ 2019
Not yet earning revenue (NYE) | 1,500 |  |  | 3,500 |  |  | 5,100 |  |  | (57)% |  | (71)%
No longer earning revenue (NLE): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Units held for sale | 14,000 |  |  | 9,400 |  |  | 8,300 |  |  | 49% |  | 69%
Other NLE units | 8,500 |  |  | 8,400 |  |  | 8,300 |  |  | 1% |  | 2%
Total NLE | 22,500 |  |  | 17,800 |  |  | 16,600 |  |  | 26% |  | 36%
Total | 24,000 |  |  | 21,300 |  |  | 21,700 |  |  | 13% |  | 11%

NYE units represent new vehicles on hand that are being prepared for deployment to a lease customer or into the rental fleet. Preparations include activities such as adding lift gates, paint, decals, cargo area and refrigeration equipment. NYE units decreased 71% compared to June 30, 2019 reflecting lower lease sales and faster customer fulfillment activities.
NLE units represent vehicles held for sale and vehicles for which no revenue has been earned in the previous 30 days. Accordingly, these vehicles may be temporarily out of service, being prepared for sale or awaiting redeployment. NLE units increased 36% compared to June 30, 2019 reflecting a higher number of vehicles being prepared for sale or redeployment and held for sale.
39

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Supply Chain Solutions

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Change 2020/2019 |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Three Months |  | Six Months
| (In thousands, except vehicle counts) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Automotive | $ | 109,119 |  |  | $ | 181,982 |  |  | $ | 280,860 |  |  | $ | 358,507 |  |  | (40)% |  | (22)%
Technology and healthcare | 54,950 |  |  | 71,352 |  |  | 112,616 |  |  | 150,103 |  |  | (23)% |  | (25)%
Consumer product goods and retail | 196,683 |  |  | 185,494 |  |  | 384,719 |  |  | 363,966 |  |  | 6% |  | 6%
Industrial and other | 44,305 |  |  | 43,928 |  |  | 94,173 |  |  | 87,269 |  |  | 1% |  | 8%
Subcontracted transportation | 102,208 |  |  | 135,515 |  |  | 237,936 |  |  | 263,510 |  |  | (25)% |  | (10)%
Fuel | 12,053 |  |  | 31,040 |  |  | 37,461 |  |  | 61,627 |  |  | (61)% |  | (39)%
SCS total revenue | $ | 519,318 |  |  | $ | 649,311 |  |  | $ | 1,147,765 |  |  | $ | 1,284,982 |  |  | (20)% |  | (11)%
SCS operating revenue (1) | $ | 405,057 |  |  | $ | 482,756 |  |  | $ | 872,368 |  |  | $ | 959,845 |  |  | (16)% |  | (9)%
SCS EBT | $ | 36,916 |  |  | $ | 45,774 |  |  | $ | 67,941 |  |  | $ | 78,091 |  |  | (19)% |  | (13)%
SCS EBT as a % of SCS total revenue | 7.1% |  | 7.0% |  | 5.9% |  | 6.1% |  | 10 bps |  | (20) bps
SCS EBT as a % of SCS operating revenue (1) | 9.1% |  | 9.5% |  | 7.8% |  | 8.1% |  | (40) bps |  | (30) bps
Memo: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average fleet | 9,500 |  |  | 9,800 |  |  | 9,600 |  |  | 9,700 |  |  | (3)% |  | (1)%

————————————
(1)Non-GAAP financial measures. Reconciliations of SCS total revenue to SCS operating revenue and SCS EBT as a % of SCS total revenue to SCS EBT as a % of SCS operating revenue, as well as the reasons why management believes these measures are important to investors are included in the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section of this MD&A.
The following table summarizes the components of the change in SCS revenue on a percentage basis versus the prior year:

| Three months ended June 30, 2020 |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, 2020 |  |
| Total |  | Operating (1) |  | Total |  | Operating (1)
Organic including price and volume | (11)% |  | (15)% |  | (6)% |  | (8)%
Subcontracted transportation | (5) |  | — |  | (2) |  | —
Foreign exchange | (1) |  | (1) |  | (1) |  | (1)
Fuel | (3) |  | — |  | (2) |  | —
Net increase (decrease) | (20)% |  | (16)% |  | (11)% |  | (9)%

————————————
(1)Non-GAAP financial measure. A reconciliation of SCS total revenue to SCS operating revenue, as well as the reasons why management believes this measure is important to investors is included in the "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" section of this MD&A.
SCS total revenue and operating revenue (a non-GAAP measure excluding fuel and subcontracted transportation) decreased 20% and 16%, respectively, in the second quarter of 2020. SCS total revenue and operating revenue decreased 11% and 9%, respectively, in the six months ended June 30, 2020. The decreases were primarily due to lower activity in our automotive vertical due to production shutdowns related to the COVID-19 pandemic and lost business, partially offset by increased pricing. The lower activity in our automotive vertical had an estimated negative impact of approximately $70 million in the second quarter of 2020. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, higher volumes in several verticals partially offset the automotive revenue decline.
SCS EBT decreased 19% in the second quarter and 13% in the six months ended June 30, 2020 due to estimated impacts of COVID-19 of approximately $25 million and $35 million, respectively, particularly in the automotive vertical, partially offset by estimated COVID-19 related cost actions and lower medical expenses of approximately $13 million in both periods. In addition, there was a decrease in equipment contribution of $5 million in the second quarter and $8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 (see further discussions on equipment contribution above), partially offset by higher pricing and improved operating performance. We expect equipment contribution to be negatively impacted in the future due to the changes in the vehicle residual
40

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
value estimates for the FMS revenue earning equipment that is utilized in the SCS business. However, we do not expect this impact to SCS EBT to be material.
SCS activity in the automotive vertical declined significantly due to production shutdowns beginning late in the first quarter related to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the second quarter, our automotive customers have resumed production and we expect volumes to continue to recover through the remainder of 2020, however volumes may be impacted in the future based on customer production schedules and other economic impacts and recovery in the consumer market.
Dedicated Transportation Solutions

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Change 2020/2019 |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Three Months |  | Six Months
| (In thousands, except vehicle counts) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
DTS total revenue | $ | 293,944 |  |  | $ | 362,244 |  |  | $ | 628,832 |  |  | $ | 711,865 |  |  | (19)% |  | (12)%
DTS operating revenue (1) | $ | 227,931 |  |  | $ | 248,064 |  |  | $ | 464,616 |  |  | $ | 483,684 |  |  | (8)% |  | (4)%
DTS EBT | $ | 21,233 |  |  | $ | 27,132 |  |  | $ | 33,413 |  |  | $ | 44,544 |  |  | (22)% |  | (25)%
DTS EBT as a % of DTS total revenue | 7.2% |  | 7.5% |  | 5.3% |  | 6.3% |  | (30) bps |  | (100) bps
DTS EBT as a % of DTS operating revenue (1) | 9.3% |  | 10.9% |  | 7.2% |  | 9.2% |  | (160) bps |  | (200) bps
Memo: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average fleet | 9,300 |  |  | 9,700 |  |  | 9,300 |  |  | 9,600 |  |  | (4)% |  | (3)%

————————————
(1)Non-GAAP financial measures. Reconciliations of DTS total revenue to DTS operating revenue and DTS EBT as a % of DTS total revenue to DTS EBT as a % of DTS operating revenue, as well as the reasons why management believes these measures are important to investors are included in the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section of this MD&A.
The following table summarizes the components of the change in DTS revenue on a percentage basis versus the prior year:

| Three months ended June 30, 2020 |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, 2020 |  |
| Total |  | Operating (1) |  | Total |  | Operating (1)
Organic including price and volume | (6)% |  | (8)% |  | (3)% |  | (4)%
Subcontracted transportation | (9) |  | — |  | (6) |  | —
Fuel | (4) |  | — |  | (3) |  | —
Net increase (decrease) | (19)% |  | (8)% |  | (12)% |  | (4)%

————————————
(1)Non-GAAP financial measure. A reconciliation of DTS total revenue to DTS operating revenue, as well as the reasons why management believes this measure is important to investors is included in the "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" section of this MD&A.
DTS total revenue decreased 19% in the second quarter and 12% in the six months ended June 30, 2020 due to lower subcontracted transportation, fuel and operating revenue (a non-GAAP measure excluding fuel and subcontracted transportation). DTS operating revenue decreased 8% in the second quarter and 4% in the six months ended June 30, 2020 primarily reflecting lost business.
DTS EBT decreased 22% in second quarter and 25% in the six months ended June 30, 2020 primarily due to a decrease in equipment contribution of $7 million in the second quarter and $11 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 (see further discussions on equipment contribution above). We expect equipment contribution to be negatively impacted in the future due to the changes in the vehicle residual value estimates for the FMS revenue earning equipment that is utilized in the DTS business.
41

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Central Support Services

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Change 2020/2019 |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Three Months |  | Six Months
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Human resources | $ | 4,651 |  |  | $ | 5,343 |  |  | $ | 10,504 |  |  | $ | 10,623 |  |  | (13)% |  | (1)%
Finance and procurement | 16,358 |  |  | 18,312 |  |  | 35,597 |  |  | 36,319 |  |  | (11)% |  | (2)%
Corporate services and public affairs | 1,726 |  |  | 2,348 |  |  | 3,710 |  |  | 4,668 |  |  | (26)% |  | (21)%
Information technology | 17,213 |  |  | 19,722 |  |  | 37,426 |  |  | 40,999 |  |  | (13)% |  | (9)%
Legal and safety | 6,661 |  |  | 6,831 |  |  | 14,624 |  |  | 13,778 |  |  | (2)% |  | 6%
Marketing | 3,655 |  |  | 5,472 |  |  | 8,930 |  |  | 10,204 |  |  | (33)% |  | (12)%
Other | 8,600 |  |  | 8,860 |  |  | 16,802 |  |  | 18,070 |  |  | (3)% |  | (7)%
Total CSS | 58,864 |  |  | 66,888 |  |  | 127,593 |  |  | 134,661 |  |  | (12)% |  | (5)%
Allocation of CSS to business segments | (48,146) |  |  | (56,406) |  |  | (107,489) |  |  | (111,632) |  |  | (15)% |  | (4)%
Unallocated CSS | $ | 10,718 |  |  | $ | 10,482 |  |  | $ | 20,104 |  |  | $ | 23,029 |  |  | 2% |  | (13)%

Total CSS costs decreased 12% in the second quarter and 5% in the six months ended June 30, 2020 due to certain cost reduction strategies undertaken during the second quarter as a response to COVID-19, including lower compensation related expenses due to temporary employee furloughs and lower discretionary, travel and marketing spend. Unallocated CSS was $11 million in the second quarter, a slight increase from the prior year period, and decreased by $3 million in the six months ended June 30, 2020.
42

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
FINANCIAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY
Cash Flows
The following is a summary of our cash flows from continuing operations:

| Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019
| (In thousands) |  |
Net cash provided by (used in): |  |  |
Operating activities | $ | 1,098,785 |  |  | $ | 1,045,059 |
Investing activities | (492,266) |  |  | (1,954,491) |
Financing activities | 154,732 |  |  | 937,039 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | (3,022) |  |  | (2,611) |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents | $ | 758,229 |  |  | $ | 24,996 |
| Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019
| (In thousands) |  |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations | $ | (182,834) |  |  | $ | 121,342 |
Non-cash and other, net | 1,182,891 |  |  | 950,585 |
Collections on sales-type leases | 54,724 |  |  | 63,047 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Receivables | 69,212 |  |  | 8,196 |
Accounts payable | (54,434) |  |  | (3,965) |
Changes in other assets and liabilities | 29,226 |  |  | (94,146) |
Cash flows from operating activities from continuing operations | $ | 1,098,785 |  |  | $ | 1,045,059 |

Cash provided by operating activities increased to $1.1 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared with $1.0 billion in 2019, reflecting higher cash earnings along with lower working capital needs. Our working capital needs are primarily driven by the timing of collections of our receivables and payments of our trade payables, as well as other changes in operating assets and liabilities. The impact in receivables was primarily due to lower revenues as a result of COVID-19 partially offset by the extension of credit terms for certain customers. The impact from trade payables was due to timing of payments and lower spend. In addition, the favorable impact from changes in other assets and liabilities was driven by lower payments related to salaries and wages and a decrease in inventories in 2020. Cash used in investing activities decreased to $492 million in the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared with $2.0 billion in 2019, primarily due to a decrease in capital expenditures as a result of lower ChoiceLease sales and rental activity. Cash provided by financing activities decreased to $155 million in the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared with $937 million in 2019 due to increased debt repayments.
43

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
The following table shows our free cash flow computation:

| Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019
| (In thousands) |  |
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 1,098,785 |  |  | $ | 1,045,059 |
Sales of revenue earning equipment (1) | 214,189 |  |  | 210,081 |
Sales of operating property and equipment (1) | 4,231 |  |  | 46,189 |
Total cash generated (2) | 1,317,205 |  |  | 1,301,329 |
Purchases of property and revenue earning equipment (1) | (704,930) |  |  | (2,210,761) |
Free cash flow (2) | $ | 612,275 |  |  | $ | (909,432) |

———————————
(1)Included in cash flows from investing activities.
(2)Non-GAAP financial measures. Reconciliations of net cash provided by operating activities to total cash generated and to free cash flow are set forth in this table. Refer to the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section of this MD&A for the reasons why management believes these measures are important to investors.
Free cash flow increased to $612 million in the six months ended June 30, 2020 from a use of $909 million in 2019 primarily due to lower capital expenditures and higher cash flows from operations in 2020. We expect an increase of free cash flow through the remainder of 2020 as a result of lower capital expenditures based on lower ChoiceLease sales and rental activity related to COVID-19 and improved cash flows from operating activities.
Capital expenditures generally represent the purchase of revenue earning equipment (trucks, tractors and trailers) within our FMS segment. These expenditures primarily support the ChoiceLease and commercial rental product lines. The level of capital required to support the ChoiceLease product line varies based on customer contract signings for replacement vehicles and growth. These contracts are long-term agreements that result in predictable cash flows typically over three to seven years for trucks and tractors and ten years for trailers. We utilize capital for the purchase of vehicles in our commercial rental product line to replenish and expand the fleet available for shorter-term use by contractual or occasional customers. Operating property and equipment expenditures primarily relate to spending on items such as vehicle maintenance facilities and equipment, computer and telecommunications equipment, investments in technologies, and warehouse facilities and equipment.
The following table provides a summary of capital expenditures:

| Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019
| (In thousands) |  |
Revenue earning equipment: |  |  |
ChoiceLease | $ | 463,744 |  |  | $ | 1,634,607 |
Commercial rental | 69,414 |  |  | 530,390 |
| 533,158 |  |  | 2,164,997 |
Operating property and equipment | 63,671 |  |  | 83,508 |
Total capital expenditures | 596,829 |  |  | 2,248,505 |
Changes in accounts payable related to purchases of revenue earning equipment | 108,101 |  |  | (37,744) |
Cash paid for purchases of property and revenue earning equipment | $ | 704,930 |  |  | $ | 2,210,761 |

Capital expenditures decreased 73% to $597 million in the six months ended June 30, 2020 reflecting lower investments in the ChoiceLease and rental fleets as a result of reduced sales activity from related to COVID-19. In relation to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have cancelled or postponed vehicle orders, where possible, which will result in significantly reduced capital expenditures during 2020.
44

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Financing and Other Funding Transactions
We utilize external capital primarily to support working capital needs and growth in our asset-based product lines. The variety of financing alternatives typically available to fund our capital needs include commercial paper, long-term and medium-term public and private debt, asset-backed securities, bank term loans, leasing arrangements and bank credit facilities. Our principal sources of financing are issuances of commercial paper and medium-term notes.
Cash and cash equivalents totaled $831 million as of June 30, 2020. As of June 30, 2020, approximately $70 million was held outside the U.S. and is available to fund operations and other growth of non-U.S. subsidiaries. If we decide to repatriate cash and cash equivalents held outside the U.S., we may be subject to additional income taxes and foreign withholding taxes. However, our intent is to permanently reinvest these foreign amounts outside the U.S. and our current plans do not demonstrate a need to repatriate these foreign amounts to fund our U.S. operations.
We believe that our operating cash flows, together with our access to the public unsecured bond market, commercial paper market and other available debt financing, will be adequate to meet our operating, investing and financing needs in the foreseeable future. However, there can be no assurance that volatility and disruption in the public unsecured debt market or the commercial paper market would not impair our ability to access these markets on terms commercially acceptable to us or at all. If we cease to have access to public bonds, commercial paper and other sources of unsecured borrowings, we would meet our liquidity needs by drawing upon contractually committed lending agreements and/or by seeking other funding sources. In the second quarter of 2020, we also amended our net worth covenant in our revolving credit facility and other debt instruments to enable more flexibility under the covenant. Refer to Note 10, “Debt,” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information on our net worth covenant amendment and further discussion around the global revolving credit facility, the trade receivables program, the issuance of medium-term notes under our shelf registration statement, asset-backed financing obligations and debt maturit ies. As of July 27, 2020, we had a balance of cash and cash equivalents in the U.S. of approximately $700 million as well as $1.2 billion of availability under our global revolving credit facility and approximately $100 million of availability under our trade receivable facility.
Our ability to access unsecured debt in the capital markets is impacted by both our short-term and long-term debt ratings. These ratings are intended to provide guidance to investors in determining the credit risk associated with our particular securities based on current information obtained by the rating agencies from us or from other sources. Lower ratings generally result in higher borrowing costs, as well as reduced access to unsecured capital markets. A significant downgrade of our short-term debt ratings would impair our ability to issue commercial paper and likely require us to rely on alternative funding sources. A significant downgrade would not affect our ability to borrow amounts under our global revolving credit facility described below, assuming ongoing compliance with the terms and conditions of the credit facility.
Our debt ratings and rating outlooks at June 30, 2020 were as follows:

| Rating Summary |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Short-term |  | Short-term Outlook |  |  | Long-term |  | Long-term Outlook
Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services | A2 |  | Stable |  |  | BBB |  | Stable
Moody’s Investors Service | P2 |  | Stable |  |  | Baa2 |  | Stable
Fitch Ratings | F2 |  | Negative |  |  | BBB+ |  | Negative
DBRS | R-1 (Low) |  | Negative |  |  | A (Low) |  | Negative

As of June 30, 2020, we had the following amounts available to fund operations under the following facilities:

| (In millions)
Global revolving credit facility | $ | 1,204 |
Trade receivables program | $ | 93 |

In accordance with our funding philosophy, we attempt to align the aggregate average remaining re-pricing life of our debt with the aggregate average remaining re-pricing life of our assets. We utilize both fixed-rate and variable-rate debt to achieve this alignment and generally target a mix of 20% - 40% variable-rate debt as a percentage of total debt outstanding. The variable-rate portion of our total debt (including notional value of swap agreeme nts) was 17% as of both June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
45

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Our debt to equity ratio was 377% and 320% as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The debt to equity ratio represents total debt divided by total equity. The increase is due to the reduction in equity related to higher non-cash depreciation expense from our estimated residual value changes and a higher debt balance. Debt to equity ratio as of June 30, 2020 also reflects a higher than normal cash balance which increased debt-to-equity by an estimated 35 percentage points.
Pension Information
The funded status of our pension plans is dependent upon many factors, including returns on invested assets and the level of certain market interest rates. We review pension assumptions regularly and we may, from time to time, make voluntary contributions to our pension plans, which exceed the amounts required by statute. In 2020, the expected total contributions to our pension plans are approximately $37 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we contribute d $17 million to o ur pens ion plans. Changes in interest rates and the market value of the securities held by the plans during 2020 could materially change, positively or negatively, the funded status of the plans and affect the level of pension expense and contributions in 2020 and beyond. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and related economic downturn, we may experience an adverse impact on our pension plans if it were to continue through the end of the year. As a result, our contributions may need to increase in 2021 and these changes may negatively impact accumulated other comprehensive income and shareholders’ equity on our balance sheet when it is remeasured in December 2020. See Note 15, “Employee Benefit Plans,” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Share Repurchases and Cash Dividends
See Note 11, “Share Repurchase Programs,” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of share repurchases. The share repurchase program has been put on hold temporarily due to the impact of COVID-19.
In May 2020, our Board of Directors declared quarterly cash dividends of $0.56 per share of common stock, which was paid in the subsequent month. In July 2020, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.56 per share of common stock.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions. Certain of these policies require the application of subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. These estimates and assumptions are based on historical experience, changes in the business environment and other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Different estimates that could have been applied in the current period or changes in the accounting estimates that are reasonably likely can result in a material impact on our financial condition and operating results in the current and future periods.
The following discussion, which should be read in conjunction with the descriptions in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and our Annual Report on Form 10-K, is furnished for additional insight into certain accounting estimates that have been updated since our 2019 Annual Report. For further discussion on our Critical Accounting Estimates and related policies, refer to the "Critical Accounting Estimates" section of our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K starting on page 48.
Depreciation and Residual Value Estimates. Depreciation on the vehicles in our fleet is determined at the time of acquisition and is recognized over a vehicle's useful life to its estimated residual value (i.e., the price at which we ultimately expect to dispose of vehicles) to attempt to minimize gains or losses upon sale in the used vehicle market.
We periodically review and adjust, as appropriate, the estimated residual values and useful lives of existing revenue earning equipment for the purposes of recording depreciation expense as described in Note 5, “Revenue Earning Equipment, Net," in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Our review of the estimated residual values and useful lives of revenue earning equipment is established with a long-term view, which we refer to as "policy depreciation," based on vehicle class, generally subcategories of trucks, tractors and trailers by weight and usage, as well as other factors. These other factors include, but are not limited to, historical market prices, current and expected future market prices, expected lives of vehicles, and expected sales of used vehicles in the wholesale and retail markets. Reductions in estimated residual values or useful lives will result in an increase in depreciation expense over the remaining life of the vehicle.
46

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
We also assess estimates of residual values of vehicles expected to be made available for sale in the near-term (generally 12 to 24 months) based on near-term market rates and conditions and may adjust residual values for these vehicles, which we refer to as “accelerated depreciation.”
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact on current and expected used vehicle market conditions, we performed a review of the estimated residual values of our FMS revenue earning equipment in the second quarter of 2020 for both accelerated and policy depreciation.
Accelerated Depreciation
In the first quarter of 2020, we revised our residual value estimates for vehicles that are expected to be sold in the near-term (through mid-2021) and recorded valuation adjustments on our vehicles held for sale due to the expected negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on pricing and volume of used vehicle sales. At that time, we expected lower used vehicle pricing in the second half of 2020 due to lower demand rather than our previous expectations of a modest increase. As a result, we recorded accelerated depreciation of $27 million and recognized losses of $21 million for used vehicle sales results in the first quarter. We recorded additional accelerated depreciation of $31 million in the second quarter of 2020 related to the first quarter change.
In the second quarter of 2020, we revised our residual value estimates further as we now expect a delayed recovery in the used vehicle market beyond our previous expectation of mid-2021. Due to the expected delayed recovery, we primarily extended accelerated depreciation by an additional year to now include vehicles expected to be sold through mid-2022. Management believes its estimates are reasonable for the near-term market conditions. As a result of these changes in estimated residual values, which are now generally at or below historically low levels, we recorded additional accelerated depreciation of $31 million in the second quarter of 2020, which also includes losses of $9 million for used vehicle sales results.
As of June 30, 2020, our accelerated depreciation residual value levels for both tractors and trucks, which include the impacts of COVID-19, are currently below our average annual used vehicle pricing for each year in the last 20 years. These average annual used vehicle pricing levels are calculated based on used vehicle prices as a percentage of our original vehicle investment (cost).
Policy Depreciation
As a result of these factors related to COVID-19 and our lowered longer term outlook, we concluded that our residual value estimates likely exceeded the expected future values that would be realized upon the sale of vehicles in our fleet for vehicles expected to be sold after mid-2022. Therefore, we lowered our estimated residual values primarily for our truck fleet, and to a lesser extent, our tractor fleet, effective April 1, 2020. In evaluating our residual value estimates, we reviewed recent multi-year trends; management and third-party longer-term outlook for the used vehicle market, including impacts of COVID-19 and the demand and pricing of our used vehicles; expected sales volumes through our retail and wholesale channels; inventory levels; and other factors that management deemed necessary to appropriately reflect our expected long-term sales proceeds. Due to this change, we recorded additional policy depreciation of $18 million in the second quarter of 2020. The impact of the policy depreciation estimate change in 2020 as a percentage of our original vehicle investment was approximately 3% as of June 30, 2020.
Policy Depreciation Sensitivity
Based on our fleet of revenue earning equipment as of June 30, 2020, a hypothetical additional 10% reduction in estimated residual values used for policy depreciation would increase depreciation expense over the remaining life of these vehicles by approximately $280 million.
Based on management's estimates for policy depreciation purposes, over the next two years, we estimate that U.S. used vehicle pricing would need to improve from current levels and achieve an increase of at least approximately 30% for tractors and 10% for trucks in order to maintain current policy depreciation residual estimates. Management believes its estimates for such improved pricing levels are reasonable as they are similar to those seen in 2018 and 2019 for tractors and similar to levels seen at the beginning of 2020 for trucks. In addition, our average annual used vehicle pricing as a percentage of our original vehicle investment has been above these policy depreciation residual value levels for trucks 19 out of the last 20 years and for tractors 17 out of the last 20 years.
While we believe that the carrying values and estimated sales proceeds for revenue earning equipment are reasonable, there can be no assurance that deterioration in economic conditions or adverse changes to expectations of future sales proceeds will not occur, resulting in losses on sales or revisions to residual value estimates. While management believes that current estimates are
47

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
reasonable given our current outlook, if our used vehicle sales pricing as a percentage of our original vehicle investment does not improve, we will likely be required to lower residual value estimates even further which may have a material adverse effect on our financial results. Factors that could cause actual results to materially differ from estimates include, but are not limited to, changes in supply and demand; changes in technology; competitor pricing; regulatory requirements; driver shortages, requirements and preferences; and changes in underlying assumption factors. As a result, future residual value estimates and resulting depreciation expense are subject to change based upon changes in these factors.
Earnings Impact From Residual Value Estimate Changes
The following table includes the earnings impact on depreciation from the changes in residual value estimates in 2020 and 2019 based on the respective fleet at the time of each change.

| Three months ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | March 31, 2020 |  | June 30, 2020 (3) |  | September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2020 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022- 2025 |  | Total
Accelerated Depreciation (2019 - Q1 2020) (1) | $ | 148 |  |  | $ | 88 |  |  | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 190 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 426 |
Accelerated Depreciation (Q2 2020) (2) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 40 |  |  | — |  |  | 111 |
Policy Depreciation (2019) | 60 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 201 |  |  | 160 |  |  | 250 |  |  | 731 |
Policy Depreciation (Q2 2020) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 150 |  |  | 278 |
Total | $ | 208 |  |  | $ | 148 |  |  | $ | 151 |  |  | $ | 154 |  |  | $ | 115 |  |  | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | 520 |  |  | $ | 270 |  |  | $ | 400 |  |  | $ | 1,546 |

———————————
(1) Accelerated depreciation included used vehicles sales, net (primarily valuation adjustments) of $23 million, $10 million and $21 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2020, respectively. Refer to Note 5, "Revenue Earning Equipment," in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on used vehicle sales.
(2) Accelerated depreciation included used vehicles sales, net (primarily valuation adjustments) of $9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020.
(3) Incremental depreciation expense was $35 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 including impacts from accelerated and policy depreciation and losses for used vehicle sales, net.
Goodwill Impairment. We assess goodwill for impairment on October 1st of each year or more often if deemed necessary. In the first quarter of 2020, we performed an interim impairment test of our FMS North America reporting unit (“FMS NA”) as a result of the decline in market conditions and our updated outlook as a result of the impact of COVID-19. Our valuation of fair value for FMS NA was determined based on a discounted future cash flow model (income approach) and the application of current market multiples for comparable publicly-traded companies (market approach). Based on our analysis, we determined that FMS NA goodwill was not impaired as of March 31, 2020, however the fair value was not substantially in excess of its carrying value. The estimated fair value of the FMS NA reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by approximately 5% as of March 31, 2020.
Given this level of fair value, in the event the financial performance of FMS NA does not meet our expectations in the future; we experience future prolonged market downturns, including in the used vehicle market or continued declines in our stock price; negative trends from the COVID-19 pandemic continue; or there are other negative revisions to key assumptions, we may be required to perform additional impairment analyses and could be required to recognize a non-cash goodwill impairment charge. As of March 31, 2020, we assessed that it was not more likely than not that our SCS and DTS reporting units fair value was less than its carrying value. During the second quarter of 2020, we did not identify an interim impairment trigger event. As of June 30, 2020, there was $243 million of goodwill recorded related to FMS NA.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
See Note 2, “Recent Accounting Pronouncements," in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.
48

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes information extracted from c ondensed consolidated financial information but not required by generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to be presented in the financial statements. Certain elements of this information are considered “non-GAAP financial measures” as defined by SEC rules. Non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition to, but not as a substitute for or superior to, other measures of financial performance or liquidity prepared in accordance with GAAP. Also, our non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to financial measures used by other companies. We provide a reconciliation of each of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most comparable GAAP measure in this non-GAAP financial measures section or in our results and liquidity discussions above. We also provide the reasons why management believes each non-GAAP financial measure is useful to investors in this section.
Specifically, we refer to the following non-GAAP financial measures in this Form 10-Q:

Non-GAAP Financial Measure | Comparable GAAP Measure
Operating Revenue Measures: |
Operating Revenue | Total Revenue
FMS Operating Revenue | FMS Total Revenue
DTS Operating Revenue | DTS Total Revenue
SCS Operating Revenue | SCS Total Revenue
FMS EBT as a % of FMS Operating Revenue | FMS EBT as a % of FMS Total Revenue
SCS EBT as a % of SCS Operating Revenue | SCS EBT as a % of SCS Total Revenue
DTS EBT as a % of DTS Operating Revenue | DTS EBT as a % of DTS Total Revenue
Comparable Earnings Measures: |
Comparable Earnings (Loss) Before Income Tax | Earnings (Loss) Before Income Tax
Comparable Earnings (Loss) | Earnings (Loss) from Continuing Operations
Comparable EPS | EPS from Continuing Operations
Comparable Tax Rate | Effective Tax Rate from Continuing Operations
Cash Flow Measures: |
Total Cash Generated and Free Cash Flow | Cash Provided by Operating Activities

49

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Set forth in the table below is an overview of each non-GAAP financial measure and why management believes that the presentation of each non-GAAP financial measure provides useful information to investors. See reconciliations for each of these measures following this table.

Operating Revenue Measures: |  |  |
Operating Revenue FMS Operating Revenue SCS Operating Revenue DTS Operating Revenue FMS EBT as a % of FMS Operating Revenue SCS EBT as a % of SCS Operating Revenue DTS EBT as a % of DTS Operating Revenue | Operating revenue is defined as total revenue for Ryder System, Inc. or each business segment (FMS, SCS and DTS) excluding any (1) fuel and (2) subcontracted transportation, as well as (3) revenue from our ChoiceLease liability insurance program which was discontinued in early 2020. We believe operating revenue provides useful information to investors as we use it to evaluate the operating performance of our core businesses and as a measure of sales activity at the consolidated level for Ryder System, Inc., as well as for each of our business segments. We also use segment EBT as a percentage of segment operating revenue for each business segment for the same reason. Note: FMS EBT, SCS EBT and DTS EBT, our primary measures of segment performance, are not non-GAAP measures. Fuel: We exclude FMS, SCS and DTS fuel from the calculation of our operating revenue measures, as fuel is an ancillary service that we provide our customers, which is impacted by fluctuations in market fuel prices and the costs are largely a pass-through to our customers, resulting in minimal changes in our profitability during periods of steady market fuel prices. However, profitability may be positively or negatively impacted by rapid changes in market fuel prices during a short period of time, as customer pricing for fuel services is established based on trailing market fuel costs. Subcontracted transportation: We exclude subcontracted transportation from the calculation of our operating revenue measures, as these services are also typically a pass-through to our customers and, therefore, fluctuations result in minimal changes to our profitability. While our SCS and DTS business segments subcontract certain transportation services to third party providers, our FMS business segment does not engage in subcontracted transportation and, therefore, this item is not applicable to FMS. ChoiceLease liability insurance: We exclude ChoiceLease liability insurance as we announced our plan in the first quarter of 2020 to exit the extension of our liability insurance coverage for ChoiceLease customers. The exit of this program is estimated to be completed in the second quarter of 2021. We are excluding the revenues associated with this program for better comparability of our on-going operations. |  |
Comparable Earnings Measures: |  |  |
Comparable earnings (loss) before income taxes (EBT) Comparable earnings (loss) Comparable earnings (loss) per diluted common share (EPS) Comparable tax rate | Comparable EBT, comparable earnings, comparable EPS are defined, respectively, as GAAP EBT, earnings, EPS, all from continuing operations, excluding (1) non-operating pension costs and (2) any other significant items that are not representative of our business operations. We believe these comparable earnings measures provide useful information to investors and allow for better year-over-year comparison of operating performance. Non-Operating Pension Costs: Our comparable earnings measures exclude non-operating pension costs, which include the amortization of net actuarial loss and prior service cost, interest cost and expected return on plan assets components of pension and postretirement benefit costs, as well as a settlement or curtailment of a plan. We exclude non-operating pension costs because we consider these to be impacted by financial market performance and outside the operational performance of our business. Other Items Impacting Comparability: Our comparable and adjusted earnings measures also exclude other significant items that are not representative of our business operations as detailed in the reconciliation table below. These other significant items vary from period to period and, in some periods, there may be no such significant items. Calculation of comparable tax rate: The comparable provision for income taxes is computed using the same methodology as the GAAP provision for income taxes. Income tax effects of non-GAAP adjustments are calculated based on the statutory tax rates of the jurisdictions to which the non-GAAP adjustments relate. |  |

50

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)

Cash Flow Measures: |  |  |
Total Cash Generated Free Cash Flow | We consider total cash generated and free cash flow to be important measures of comparative operating performance, as our principal sources of operating liquidity are cash from operations and proceeds from the sale of revenue earning equipment. Total Cash Generated: Total cash generated is defined as the sum of (1) net cash provided by operating activities, (2) net cash provided by the sale of revenue earning equipment, (3) net cash provided by the sale of operating property and equipment and (4) other cash inflows from investing activities. We believe total cash generated is an important measure of total cash flows generated from our ongoing business activities. Free Cash Flow: We refer to the net amount of cash generated from operating activities and investing activities (excluding acquisitions) from continuing operations as “free cash flow.” We calculate free cash flow as the sum of (1) net cash provided by operating activities, (2) net cash provided by the sale of revenue earning equipment and operating property and equipment, (3) other cash inflows from investing activities, less (4) purchases of property and revenue earning equipment. We believe free cash flow provides investors with an important perspective on the cash available for debt service and for shareholders, after making capital investments required to support ongoing business operations. Our calculation of free cash flow may be different from the calculation used by other companies and, therefore, comparability may be limited. * See Total Cash Generated and Free Cash Flow reconciliations in the Financial Resources and Liquidity section of Management's Discussion and Analysis. |  |

The following table provides a reconciliation of GAAP earnings (loss) before taxes (EBT), earnings (loss), and earnings (loss) per diluted share (EPS) from continuing operations to comparable EBT, comparable earnings (loss) and comparable EPS from continuing operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. Certain items included in EBT, earnings and diluted EPS from continuing operations have been excluded from our comparable EBT, comparable earnings and comparable diluted EPS measures. The following table lists a summary of these items, which are discussed in more detail throughout our MD&A and within the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements:

| EBT |  |  |  | Earnings (Loss) |  |  |  | Diluted EPS |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Three months ended June 30, | (In thousands, except per share amounts) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations (GAAP) | $ | (94,777) |  |  | $ | 103,069 |  |  | $ | (73,705) |  |  | $ | 75,452 |  |  | $ | (1.41) |  |  | $ | 1.43 |
Non-operating pension costs | 936 |  |  | 6,713 |  |  | (79) |  |  | 4,782 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.09 |
Restructuring and other, net (1) | 18,760 |  |  | 5,935 |  |  | 16,139 |  |  | 4,571 |  |  | 0.30 |  |  | 0.09 |
ERP implementation costs (1) | 11,032 |  |  | 3,901 |  |  | 8,188 |  |  | 2,892 |  |  | 0.16 |  |  | 0.05 |
Gain on sale of property (1) | — |  |  | (18,614) |  |  | — |  |  | (13,843) |  |  | — |  |  | (0.26) |
Comparable (non-GAAP) | $ | (64,049) |  |  | $ | 101,004 |  |  | $ | (49,457) |  |  | $ | 73,854 |  |  | $ | (0.95) |  |  | $ | 1.40 |
| EBT |  |  |  | Earnings (Loss) |  |  |  | Diluted EPS |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Six months ended June 30, | (In thousands, except per share amounts) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations (GAAP) | $ | (208,411) |  |  | $ | 171,220 |  |  | $ | (182,834) |  |  | $ | 121,342 |  |  | $ | (3.50) |  |  | $ | 2.30 |
Non-operating pension costs | 2,157 |  |  | 13,175 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 9,344 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.18 |
Restructuring and other, net (1) | 30,023 |  |  | 8,523 |  |  | 25,037 |  |  | 6,413 |  |  | 0.48 |  |  | 0.12 |
ERP implementation costs (1) | 21,358 |  |  | 7,491 |  |  | 15,852 |  |  | 5,552 |  |  | 0.30 |  |  | 0.11 |
Gain on sale of property (1) | — |  |  | (18,614) |  |  | — |  |  | (13,843) |  |  | — |  |  | (0.26) |
Tax adjustments (2) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20,363 |  |  | 3,508 |  |  | 0.39 |  |  | 0.06
Comparable (non-GAAP) | $ | (154,873) |  |  | $ | 181,795 |  |  | $ | (121,561) |  |  | $ | 132,316 |  |  | $ | (2.33) |  |  | $ | 2.51 |

————————————
(1)Refer to Note 16, “Other Items Impacting Comparability,” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
(2)In the six months ended June 30, 2020, we recorded charges of $7 million and $13 million to our tax provision for income taxes due to expiring state net
operating losses and a valuation allowance on our U.K. deferred tax assets, respectively. In the six months ended June 30, 2019, we recorded a $5 million charge to our tax provision for income taxes due to expiring state net operating losses offset by a $1 million benefit to our provision due to a tax law change.
51

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
The following table provides a reconciliation of the provision for income taxes and effective tax rate to the comparable provision for income taxes and comparable tax rate:

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes | $ | 21,072 |  |  | $ | (27,617) |  |  | $ | 25,577 |  |  | $ | (49,878) |
Tax adjustments | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20,363 |  |  | 3,508 |
Income tax effects of non-GAAP adjustments | (6,480) |  |  | 467 |  |  | (12,628) |  |  | (3,109) |
Comparable benefit from (provision for) income taxes (1) | $ | 14,592 |  |  | $ | (27,150) |  |  | $ | 33,312 |  |  | $ | (49,479) |
Effective tax rate on continuing operations (2) | 22.2 | % |  | 26.8 | % |  | 12.3 | % |  | 29.1 | %
Tax adjustments and income tax effects of non-GAAP adjustments (1) | 0.6 | % |  | 0.1 | % |  | 9.2 | % |  | (1.9) | %
Comparable tax rate on continuing operations (1) | 22.8 | % |  | 26.9 | % |  | 21.5 | % |  | 27.2 | %

————————————
(1)The comparable provision for income taxes is computed using the same methodology as the GAAP provision of income taxes. Income tax effects of non-GAAP adjustments are calculated based on statutory tax rates of the jurisdictions to which the non-GAAP adjustments related.
(2)The effective tax rate on continuing operations and comparable tax rate on continuing operations are based on our earnings from continuing operations before income taxes (EBT) and comparable earnings from continuing operations before income taxes, respectively, found on the previous page.
The following table provides a reconciliation of total revenue to operating revenue:

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
Total revenue | $ | 1,895,282 |  |  | $ | 2,244,993 |  |  | $ | 4,056,588 |  |  | $ | 4,425,320 |
Fuel | (120,594) |  |  | (220,373) |  |  | (299,342) |  |  | (436,916) |
Subcontracted transportation | (144,035) |  |  | (212,447) |  |  | (345,988) |  |  | (417,224) |
ChoiceLease liability insurance revenue (1) | (7,409) |  |  | (8,041) |  |  | (16,767) |  |  | (16,561) |
Operating revenue | $ | 1,623,244 |  |  | $ | 1,804,132 |  |  | $ | 3,394,491 |  |  | $ | 3,554,619 |

————————————
(1)In the first quarter of 2020, we announced our plan to exit the extension of our liability insurance coverage for ChoiceLease customers. The exit of this program is estimated to be completed in the second quarter of 2021. We have revised our definition of operating revenues to exclude the revenues associated with this program for better comparability of our on-going operations.
52

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
The following table provides a reconciliation of FMS total revenue to FMS operating revenue:

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
FMS total revenue | $ | 1,198,177 |  |  | $ | 1,390,910 |  |  | $ | 2,538,414 |  |  | $ | 2,742,509 |
Fuel (1) | (117,253) |  |  | (212,371) |  |  | (290,588) |  |  | (420,237) |
ChoiceLease liability insurance revenue (2) | (7,409) |  |  | (8,041) |  |  | (16,767) |  |  | (16,561) |
FMS operating revenue | $ | 1,073,515 |  |  | 1,170,498 |  |  | $ | 2,231,059 |  |  | $ | 2,305,711 |
FMS EBT | $ | (103,735) |  |  | $ | 57,746 |  |  | $ | (218,309) |  |  | $ | 118,657 |
FMS EBT as a % of FMS total revenue | (8.7)% |  | 4.2% |  | (8.6)% |  | 4.3%
FMS EBT as a % of FMS operating revenue | (9.7)% |  | 4.9% |  | (9.8)% |  | 5.1%

————————————
(1)Includes intercompany fuel sales from FMS to DTS and SCS.
(2)In the first quarter of 2020, we announced our plan to exit the extension of our liability insurance coverage for ChoiceLease customers. The exit of this program is estimated to be completed in the second quarter of 2021. We have revised our definition of operating revenues to exclude the revenues associated with this program for better comparability of our on-going operations.
The following table provides a reconciliation of SCS total revenue to SCS operating revenue:

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
SCS total revenue | $ | 519,318 |  |  | $ | 649,311 |  |  | $ | 1,147,765 |  |  | $ | 1,284,982 |
Subcontracted transportation | (102,208) |  |  | (135,515) |  |  | (237,936) |  |  | (263,510) |
Fuel | (12,053) |  |  | (31,040) |  |  | (37,461) |  |  | (61,627) |
SCS operating revenue | $ | 405,057 |  |  | 482,756 |  |  | $ | 872,368 |  |  | 959,845 |
SCS EBT | $ | 36,916 |  |  | $ | 45,774 |  |  | $ | 67,941 |  |  | $ | 78,091 |
SCS EBT as a % of SCS total revenue | 7.1% |  | 7.0% |  | 5.9% |  | 6.1%
SCS EBT as a % of SCS operating revenue | 9.1% |  | 9.5% |  | 7.8% |  | 8.1%

The following table provides a reconciliation of DTS total revenue to DTS operating revenue:

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
DTS total revenue | $ | 293,944 |  |  | $ | 362,244 |  |  | $ | 628,832 |  |  | $ | 711,865 |
Subcontracted transportation | (41,827) |  |  | (76,932) |  |  | (108,052) |  |  | (153,714) |
Fuel | (24,186) |  |  | (37,248) |  |  | (56,164) |  |  | (74,467) |
DTS operating revenue | $ | 227,931 |  |  | $ | 248,064 |  |  | $ | 464,616 |  |  | $ | 483,684 |
DTS EBT | $ | 21,233 |  |  | $ | 27,132 |  |  | $ | 33,413 |  |  | $ | 44,544 |
DTS EBT as a % of DTS total revenue | 7.2% |  | 7.5% |  | 5.3% |  | 6.3%
DTS EBT as a % of DTS operating revenue | 9.3% |  | 10.9% |  | 7.2% |  | 9.2%

53

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Forward-looking statements (within the meaning of the Federal Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995) are statements that relate to expectations, beliefs, projections, future plans and strategies, anticipated events or trends concerning matters that are not historical facts. These statements are often preceded by or include the words “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “will,” “may,” “could,” “should” or similar expressions. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements including, but not limited to, statements regarding:
•our expectations of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our financial results and operations, including with regard to our revenue, earnings, cash flows, sales, commercial rental demand and utilization, used vehicle sales market conditions (including estimates regarding pricing, demand, inventory and wholesale and retail mix), automotive volumes in SCS, mileage, residual values and depreciation assumptions, bad debt reserves, lease sales; ChoiceLease cash flows;
•the anticipated benefits of actions taken to mitigate the adverse impacts of COVID-19;
•our estimates on the impact of residual value estimate changes on earnings;
•our estimates on minimum used vehicle pricing increases necessary to maintain current residual estimates for tractors and trucks;
•our expectations in our FMS business segment regarding anticipated ChoiceLease revenue and commercial rental revenue and demand;
•our expectations in our SCS and DTS business segments regarding anticipated customer activity and equipment contribution;
•our expectations of the residual values of revenue earning equipment;
•the expected pricing, demand and inventory levels for used vehicles;
•our expectations of operating cash flow and capital expenditures through the end of 2020;
•the adequacy of our accounting estimates and reserves for depreciation and residual value, goodwill impairment, and income taxes;
•the adequacy of our fair value estimates of employee incentive awards under our share-based compensation plans, publicly traded debt and other debt;
•our ability to fund all of our operating, investing and financial needs for the foreseeable future through internally generated funds and outside funding sources;
•our expected level of use and availability of outside funding sources and our ability to refinance the current portion of long-term debt;
•our beliefs regarding our credit ratings and the impact of a significant downgrade on our ability to issue commercial paper and borrow amounts under our global revolving credit facility;
•the anticipated impact of fuel price fluctuations;
•our expectations as to return on pension plan assets and estimated contributions;
•our expectations regarding the scope and anticipated outcomes with respect to certain claims, complaints and proceedings;
•our expectations about the need to repatriate foreign cash to the U.S.;
•our ability to access commercial paper and other available debt financing in the capital markets;
•our expected cost savings from furloughs, workforce reductions and restructuring actions;
•our expectations regarding restructuring charges;
•our expected future contributions to our pension plans as a result of an economic downturn, changes in interest rates and market value of the securities held by the plans;
•our expectation on the realizability of our deferred tax assets; and
•the expected timing and impact for the exit of our ChoiceLease insurance liability program.
54

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
These statements, as well as other forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report, are based on our current plans and expectations and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions. We caution readers that certain important factors could cause actual results and events to differ significantly from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. These risk factors include, but are not limited to, the following:
•Market Conditions:
•The severity and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and the governmental responses thereto.
•Changes in general economic and financial conditions in the U.S. and worldwide leading to decreased demand for our products and services, lower profit margins, increased levels of bad debt and reduced access to credit and financial markets.
•Decreases in freight demand which would impact both our transactional and variable-based contractual business.
•Changes in our customers’ operations, financial condition or business environment that may limit their demand for, or ability to purchase, our products and services.
•Decreases in market demand affecting the commercial rental market and used vehicle sales as well as global economic conditions.
•Volatility in customer volumes and shifting customer demand in the industries serviced by our SCS business.
•Changes in current financial, tax or regulatory requirements that could negatively impact our financial results.
•Competition:
•Advances in technology may impact demand for our services or may require increased investments to remain competitive, and our customers may not be willing to accept higher prices to cover the cost of these investments.
•Competition from other service providers, some of which have greater capital resources or lower capital costs, or from our customers, who may choose to provide services themselves.
•Continued consolidation in the markets in which we operate which may create large competitors with greater financial resources.
•Our inability to maintain current pricing levels due to economic conditions, demand for services, customer acceptance or competition.
•Profitability:
•Our inability to obtain adequate profit margins for our services.
•Lower than expected sales volumes or customer retention levels.
•Decreases in commercial rental fleet utilization and pricing.
•Lower than expected used vehicle sales pricing levels and fluctuations in the anticipated proportion of retail versus wholesale sales.
•Loss of key customers in our SCS and DTS business segments.
•Our inability to adapt our product offerings to meet changing consumer preferences on a cost-effective basis.
•The inability of our legacy information technology systems to provide timely access to data.
•Sudden changes in fuel prices and fuel shortages.
•Higher prices for vehicles, diesel engines and fuel as a result of new environmental standards.
•Higher than expected maintenance costs and lower than expected benefits associated with our maintenance initiatives.
•Our inability to successfully execute our asset management initiatives, maintain our fleet at normalized levels and right-size our fleet in line with demand.
•Our key assumptions and pricing structure of our SCS and DTS contracts prove to be inaccurate.
•Increased unionizing, labor strikes and work stoppages.
•Difficulties in attracting and retaining drivers and technicians due to driver and technician shortages, which may result in higher costs to procure drivers and technicians and higher turnover rates affecting our customers.
•Our inability to manage our cost structure.
•Our inability to limit our exposure for customer claims.
55

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
•Unfavorable or unanticipated outcomes legal or regulatory proceedings or uncertain positions.
•Business interruptions or expenditures due to severe weather or natural occurrences.
•Financing Concerns:
•Higher borrowing costs.
•Unanticipated interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuations.
•Negative funding status of our pension plans caused by lower than expected returns on invested assets and unanticipated changes in interest rates.
•Withdrawal liability as a result of our participation in multi-employer plans.
•Instability in U.S. and worldwide credit markets, resulting in higher borrowing costs and/or reduced access to credit.
•Accounting Matters:
•Reductions in residual values or useful lives of revenue earning equipment.
•Increases in compensation levels, retirement rate and mortality resulting in higher pension expense; regulatory changes affecting pension estimates, accruals and expenses.
•Changes in accounting rules, assumptions and accruals, including with regard to assumptions for goodwill impairment testing.
•Difficulties and delays in implementing our Enterprise Resource Planning system and related processes.
•Changes in the realization and timing of future sources of taxable income.
•Other risks detailed from time to time in our SEC filings including our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K and in "Item 1A.-Risk Factors" of this Quarterly Report. To the extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak adversely affects our business, results of operations and financial condition, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the risks described in the section entitled Risk Factors of our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K and any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.
New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for management to predict all such risk factors or to assess the impact of such risk factors on our business. As a result, no assurance can be given as to our future results or achievements. You should not place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements contained herein, which speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report. We do not intend, or assume any obligation, to update or revise any forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
56

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
There have been no material changes to Ryder’s exposures to market risks since December 31, 2019. Please refer to the 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a complete discussion of Ryder’s exposures to market risks.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the second quarter of 2020, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including Ryder’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of Ryder’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of the end of the second quarter of 2020, Ryder’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) were effective.
Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, there were no other changes in Ryder’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect such internal control over financial reporting.
57

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
For a description of our material pending legal proceedings, please see Item 1, Note 17, "Contingencies and Other Matters," to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 27, 2020, includes a discussion of our risk factors. The information presented below updates, and should be read in conjunction with, the risk factors and information disclosed in our Form 10-K. Our operations could also be affected by additional risk factors that are not presently known to us or by factors that we currently consider immaterial to our business. To our knowledge and except, as presented below, there have been no material changes in the risk factors described in our Form 10-K.
The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted, and is expected to continue to adversely impact, our business, results of operations and financial condition, and the ultimate impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted.
Our business is highly susceptible to changes in economic conditions and our products and services are directly tied to the production and sale of goods and, more generally, to the North American economy. The COVID-19 pandemic and measures taken in response to its spread have severely impacted economic and commercial activity, and, as a result, transportation and supply chain companies such as ours have experienced slowdowns and reduced demand.
The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to impact our business, operations and financial results will depend on numerous evolving factors that are difficult to accurately predict, including: the duration and scope of the pandemic and the potential for additional outbreaks; how quickly and to what extent normal economic activity can resume; the timing of the development and distribution of an effective vaccine or treatments for COVID-19; governments, businesses and individuals’ actions in response to the pandemic; the prolonged effect on customer demand for our goods and services and the customer’s ability to pay for these goods and services.
In our Supply Chain Solutions (SCS) segment, we have seen deterioration in customer activity starting in April primarily due to production shutdowns in the automotive industry, which represents a significant portion of our SCS revenue. Our automotive customers that have been shut down restarted production in May and ended the second quarter at pre-COVID activity levels. However, any negative impact or disruption on customer operations, including production at lower volumes or additional slowdowns or shutdowns, may have a material negative impact on our SCS revenues and earnings.
We continue to experience varying impacts with our SCS customers in non-automotive industries as well as with our Dedicated Transportation Solutions (DTS) customers, with some customers and industries such as off price/discount and clothing retailers experiencing lower volumes and others like consumer-packaged goods experiencing volume increases. However, due to the expected reduction in economic activity and softer freight environment, we expect to have net lower volumes for SCS/DTS customers at least through the end of 2020. Lower volumes and revenues in our non-automotive SCS industries and in DTS have a lesser impact on our earnings as our fees are less variable.
In our Fleet Management Solutions (FMS) segment, we have experienced a further weakening of market conditions in used vehicle sales due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on current conditions and outlook for a delayed recovery, we now expect that pricing for our used vehicles will continue to be adversely impacted in the foreseeable future beyond our previous expectation of mid-2021. These weakening market conditions and our current market outlook for used vehicle pricing triggered a re-evaluation of our residual value estimates for our FMS revenue earning equipment in the second quarter of 2020. In evaluating the residual value estimates of our vehicles over their useful life, we take into account, among other significant factors as described above in our Critical Accounting Estimates, our multi-year average historical prices as well as our outlook for used vehicle pricing. At this time, our used vehicle pricing outlook remains at or below our multi-year historical averages. As a result, we lowered the residual value estimates and increased depreciation expense for our current fleet of vehicles that will be sold in the long term (after mid-2022), which resulted in additional depreciation expense of approximately $260 million over the remaining life of the vehicles (which we refer to as "policy depreciation").
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We also review residual value estimates for those vehicles that will be sold in the near term (which we refer to as "accelerated depreciation"). Given current market dynamics and our outlook for a delayed recovery, we lowered residual value estimates for vehicles to be sold through mid-2022 and increased accelerated depreciation for those vehicles by $80 million through 2021. Furthermore, we lowered the value of certain vehicles held for sale in our current inventory to wholesale pricing levels in order to address elevated used vehicle inventories.
We will continue to regularly review and update our outlook for the used vehicle market, as appropriate, and, if our outlook remains below our multi-year pricing averages or does not improve to levels in our outlook, we may be required to further decrease residual value estimates to better align with current market conditions and our outlook. In addition, if weak market conditions continue for a prolonged period or further deteriorate, we may also need to sell additional vehicles at wholesale prices which would require us to take additional valuation adjustments. Any residual value estimate changes and valuation adjustments made in future periods would be incremental to any prior residual value estimate changes previously taken for vehicles in the fleet. If we determine to decrease residual value estimates or record valuation adjustments, these changes could have a material adverse impact on our financial results and liquidity.
In addition, as a result of government actions taken, such as shutdowns of large gatherings, mandated social distancing orders, as well as the significant reduction in business activity across the United States, demand for our commercial rental vehicles and rental utilization rates have decreased significantly and have negatively impacted our earnings. If demand further deteriorates or does not seasonally increase as it has in prior years, we may not be able to attain our utilization targets. As a result, we may be required to further downsize our fleet and decrease our pricing. However, we may not be able to redeploy rental vehicles with lease customers due to lack of demand for such vehicles. Each of these occurrences could result in lower revenues and further adverse impacts on our financial results.
With respect to our ChoiceLease product line, our customers have signed long-term lease contracts and, therefore, we do not expect our revenue and cash flows to be materially affected provided our customers remain solvent and continue to make their payments on their contractual obligations. We have experienced decreases in new ChoiceLease sales as well as a decrease in miles driven by our customers. Any prolonged decrease in sales activity and miles driven could adversely affect our growth prospects.
The financial condition of our customers, primarily in FMS, are being adversely impacted and have resulted and may continue to result in an increase in bankruptcies or insolvencies, or a delay in payments, which may, in turn, impact our business, results of operations and financial condition. We have established additional bad debt reserves due to our expectations for COVID-19 related payment activity with certain customers and may need to increase our bad debt reserves if economic conditions worsen for our customers.
Further, in the event of a prolonged economic downturn which has a material negative impact on our earnings and free cash flow, we may not be able to comply with our financial covenant in our global revolving credit facility which, in the absence of a bank waiver, would negatively impact our ability to borrow under that facility and negatively impact our liquidity position.
We periodically evaluate factors, including, but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, changes in our industry and the markets in which we operate and our market capitalization, as well as our reporting units’ expected future financial performance for purposes of evaluating asset impairments, including goodwill. We believe that the impact of COVID-19 will negatively affect certain key assumptions used in our analysis; however, we will need to assess the severity and nature of the long-term impacts to determine if we may be required to record charges for asset impairments in the future. While we undertook an interim goodwill impairment test related to our FMS NA reporting unit as of March 31, 2020 and concluded that no impairment was necessary, we may determine that impairment is necessary in future periods. We determined that there was no interim impairment trigger event during the second quarter of 2020. At this time, it remains uncertain whether and to what extent we may need to record charges for impairments in the future as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak.
In addition to the operational impacts described above, the COVID-19 pandemic may present or heighten other operational risks to our business. Remote working arrangements may decrease employee productivity, increase cybersecurity risks and the strain on our technology systems and adversely affect our internal controls over financial reporting. Further, our business may be adversely affected if key personnel become ill from COVID-19 and are unable to work.
In addition, due to the increase in claims as a result of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, insurance companies may limit or stop offering coverage to companies like ours or increase the cost of such insurance so that it is no longer available at
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commercially reasonable rates. This trend could adversely affect our ability to obtain suitable insurance coverage or increase the cost for such coverage significantly, each of which may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity or cash flows.
To the extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak adversely affects our business, results of operations and financial condition, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in the section entitled Risk Factors of our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K and any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
The following table provides information with respect to purchases we made of our common stock during the three months ended June 30, 2020:

| Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs |  | Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Anti-Dilutive Program (2)
April 1 through April 30, 2020 | 11,333 |  |  | $ | 23.02 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,196,902 |
May 1 through May 31, 2020 | 741 |  |  | 34.95 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,196,902 |
June 1 through June 30, 2020 | 392 |  |  | 37.75 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,196,902 |
Total | 12,466 |  |  | $ | 24.19 |  |  | — |  |  |

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(1)During the three months ended June 30, 2020, we purchased an aggregate of 12,466 shares of our common stock in employee-related transactions. Employee-related transactions may include: (i) shares of common stock withheld as payment for the exercise price of options exercised or to satisfy the employees' tax withholding liability associated with our share-based compensation programs and (ii) open-market purchases by the trustee of Ryder’s deferred compensation plans relating to investments by employees in our stock, one of the investment options available under the plans.
(2)In December 2019, our Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program intended to mitigate the dilutive impact of shares issued under our employee stock plans. Under the December 2019 program, management is authorized to repurchase up to 1.5 million shares of common stock issued to employees under our employee stock plans from December 1, 2019 to December 11, 2021. Share repurchases are made periodically in open-market transactions using the Company's working capital, and are subject to market conditions, legal requirements, and other factors. In addition, management has been granted the authority to establish prearranged written trading plans under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as part of the repurchase program. The share repurchase program has been put on hold temporarily due to the impact of COVID-19.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number |  | Description
10 |  | First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Global Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of May 22, 20 20, by and among R yder System, Inc., certain Ryder subsidiaries and the len ders and agents named therein, p reviously filed with the Commission on May 22, 2020 as an exhibit to Ryder's Current Report on Form 8-K, is incorporated by reference into this report.
31.1 |  | Certification of Robert E. Sanchez pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a)
31.2 |  | Certification of Scott T. Parker pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a)
32 |  | Certification of Robert E. Sanchez and Scott T. Parker pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and 18 U.S.C Section 1350
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | RYDER SYSTEM, INC. |
|  | (Registrant) |
Date: | July 30, 2020 | By: | /s/ Scott T. Parker
|  |  | Scott T. Parker
|  |  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
|  |  | (Principal Financial Officer)
Date: | July 30, 2020 | By: | /s/ Frank J. Mullen
|  |  | Frank J. Mullen
|  |  | Vice President and Controller
|  |  | (Principal Accounting Officer)

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