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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation and Consolidation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include those of the Company and its subsidiaries, after elimination of all intercompany accounts and transactions. The Company has prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). In management’s opinion, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual consolidated financial statements and reflect all adjustments, which include recurring adjustments necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2022 and the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or any other future interim or annual period. Segment Reporting The Company manages, monitors and reports its operating results and financial position as a single operating segment. The Company’s chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”) is its Chief Executive Officer who makes operating decisions, assesses financial performance and allocates resources based on consolidated financial information. As such, the Company has determined that it operates in one reportable segment. Use of Estimates The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP, which require management to make certain estimates, judgments, and assumptions. For example, management makes estimates, judgments and assumptions in determining the recoverability of intangible assets and their useful lives, determination of performance obligations and standalone selling price (“SSP”) used in revenue recognition, the number of performance-based stock options and awards that the Company expects to vest, the realizability of deferred tax assets, uncertain tax positions, and the collectability of accounts receivable. Management believes the estimates, judgments, and assumptions upon which it relies are reasonable based on information available at the time that these estimates, judgments, and assumptions are made. These estimates, judgments, and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Any material differences between these estimates and actual results will impact the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company assesses these estimates on a regular basis, however actual results could differ from estimates due to risks and uncertainties. Revenue Recognition The Company derives its revenue from sales of 1) cloud subscriptions, representing access to the Company’s software via Company-hosted cloud applications, 2) on-premises subscription licenses, representing a term license to on-premises software, 3) subscription support, representing support for on-premises subscription licenses, 4) perpetual software licenses, and 5) maintenance and professional services, consisting of maintenance on perpetual software licenses, and professional services, consisting of consulting and education services. The Company recognizes revenue net of applicable sales taxes, financing charges it has absorbed, and amounts retained by its partners (including resellers and distributors), if any. The Company does not act as an agent in any of its revenue arrangements. Revenue is recognized and recorded in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue From Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”) which generally requires the Company to recognize revenue when it satisfies performance obligations under the terms of its contracts, and control of its products is transferred to its customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive from its customers and partners in exchange for those products. This process involves identifying the customer contract, determining the performance obligations in the contract, determining the transaction price, allocating the transaction price to the distinct performance obligations in the contract, and recognizing revenue when the performance obligations have been satisfied. Performance obligations contained in a contract are identified based on the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer that are both (i) capable of being distinct, because the customer can benefit from the goods or services either on their own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from the Company, and (ii) distinct in the context of the contract, and the transfer of the goods or services is separate from other promises in the contract. To the extent a contract includes multiple promised goods or services, the Company applies its judgment to determine whether the promised goods or services are capable of being distinct, and distinct in the context of the contract. The Company’s cloud subscription services include cloud functionalities and, for most products, also a secure agent that is installed on a customer’s premises. The secure agent performs tasks and enables secure communication behind a customer’s firewall with the cloud functionalities. For these products, customers are not able to use either the cloud functionalities or secure agent for their intended purpose on their own without use of the other component. The cloud functionalities and secure agent are accounted for together as a single performance obligation because the Company has concluded that the cloud functionalities and secure agent are highly interdependent and interrelated based on the significant two-way dependency between the components.
Performance Obligation |  | When Performance Obligation is Typically Satisfied
Subscription: |  |
Cloud services and subscription support |  | Over Time: Ratably over the contractual term; commencing upon the later of when access to the service is made available or the contractual term commences
On-premises subscription license |  | Point in Time: Upon the later of when the software license is made available or the contractual term commences
Perpetual license |  | Point in Time: When the software license is made available
Maintenance |  | Over Time: Ratably over the contractual term
Professional services |  | Over Time: As services are provided
Software revenue Software revenue is comprised of 1) cloud services and subscription support, 2) on-premises subscription licenses, and 3) perpetual license revenue. Cloud and subscription support offerings consist of revenue from customers and partners contracted to use the related services during a subscription period ranging from one to three years, are generally billed annually in advance, and are non-cancelable. On-premises subscription license revenue primarily consists of revenue from customers and partners contracted to use software during a subscription term with terms ranging from one to three years. These arrangements are generally billed annually in advance during such multi-year terms. Cloud services revenues include revenues from cloud services offerings, which deliver applications and infrastructure technologies via cloud-based deployment models for which we develop functionality, provide unspecified updates and enhancements, host, manage, upgrade, and support, and that customers access by entering into a subscription agreement with us for a stated period. On-premises subscription license support revenues are generated through the sale of license support contracts sold together with the on-premises subscription license purchased by our customer. Subscription license support contracts provide customers with rights to unspecified software product upgrades, maintenance releases and patches released during the term of the support period and include internet access to technical content, as well as internet and telephone access to technical support personnel. Our subscription software licenses have significant standalone functionalities and capabilities. Accordingly, these subscription software licenses are distinct from the support services as the customer can benefit from the software without the services and the services are separately identifiable within the contract. Perpetual license revenue consists of revenue from customers and partners for sales of perpetual software licenses, are generally billed upfront along with the associated maintenance. The maintenance associated with perpetual licenses is classified within maintenance and professional services. Maintenance and Professional Services Maintenance and professional services are comprised of maintenance, consulting, and education services. Maintenance contracts, which consist of ongoing support and software updates, if and when available, under perpetual software license arrangements, are typically one year in duration. Our perpetual software licenses have significant standalone functionalities and capabilities. Accordingly, these perpetual software licenses are distinct from the support services as the customer can benefit from the software without the services and the services are separately identifiable within the contract. Maintenance contracts are generally billed annually in advance. Nearly all of our customers elect to renew their maintenance contracts annually. Consulting services are primarily related to configuration, installation, and implementation of the Company’s products, and are generally performed on a time-and-materials basis. Revenue for fixed fee contracts is generally recognized as services are performed, applying input methods to estimate progress to completion. If uncertainty exists about the Company’s ability to complete the project, its ability to collect the amounts due, or in the case of fixed-fee consulting arrangements, its ability to estimate the remaining costs to be incurred to complete the project, revenue is deferred until the uncertainty is resolved. Consulting services are generally either billed in advance or monthly as services are rendered. Consulting services, if included as part of the software arrangement, generally do not entail significant modification or customization of the software and hence, such services are not considered essential to the functionality of the software. Education services consist of classes offered at the Company’s headquarters, sales and training offices, customer locations, and on-line. Revenue is recognized as the classes are delivered. Education services are generally either billed in advance or as services are rendered. Contracts with multiple performance obligations Some of the Company’s contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative SSP basis and revenue is recognized when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation by transferring control of the promised goods or services to the customer. The determination of SSP requires judgment and is established for performance obligations that are routinely sold separately, such as support and maintenance on the Company’s core offerings. In connection with its cloud services, on-premises subscription licenses, and on-premises perpetual licenses, the Company is unable to establish SSP based on observable prices given the products are sold for a broad range of amounts (that is, the price is highly variable), and a representative SSP is not discernible from past transactions or other observable evidence. As a result, the SSP for cloud services offerings, on-premises subscription licenses, and on-premises perpetual licenses, included in a contract with multiple performance obligations, is determined by applying a residual approach whereby all other performance obligations within a contract are first allocated a portion of the transaction price based upon their respective SSPs, with any residual amount of transaction price allocated to cloud services, on-premises subscription licenses, and on-premises perpetual licenses. Contract balances The timing of revenue recognition, billings, and cash collections results in contract assets (both billed accounts receivable, where the Company has an unconditional right to contract consideration subject only to the passage of time, and unbilled receivables), and contract liabilities (deferred revenue and customer deposit liabilities) on the Company’s accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Accounts receivable The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing customers. Accounts receivables as reported on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets, includes the unconditional amounts owed from customers comprising amounts invoiced, net of an allowance for credit loss. A receivable is recognized in the period products are delivered or services are provided, or when the right to payment is unconditional. Payment terms on invoiced amounts are typically between 30 and 60 days, therefore the contracts do not include a significant financing component. Also, they typically do not involve a significant amount of variable consideration as they represent stated prices. Contract Assets Contract assets represent reported revenues attributable to performance obligations that have been satisfied, but such amounts remain unbilled due to certain remaining conditions under the contract not yet being met. Contract assets are primarily driven by sales of on-premises subscription licenses with 2-3 year subscription terms, but the related fees are generally invoiced annually. There were immaterial credit losses associated with contracts with customers for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. Contract Liabilities Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue and customer deposit liabilities and represent cash payments received or due in advance of fulfilling our performance obligations. In arrangements whereby the Company has an obligation to transfer goods or services to the customer and fees are invoiced or amounts are received ahead of revenue being recognized under non-cancelable contracts, deferred revenue is recorded. Customer deposits represent billings or cash payments received under cancelable contracts. Deferred revenue and customer deposit liabilities will be recognized as revenue in future periods. As of September 30, 2022, deferred revenue and customer deposit liabilities were $538.5 million and $4.0 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, deferred revenue and customer deposit liabilities were $635.6 million and $6.4 million, respectively. The current portion of contract liabilities represents the amounts that are expected to be recognized as revenue within one year of the condensed consolidated balance sheet date. Contract liabilities were approximately $542.5 million as of September 30, 2022, of which the Company expects to recognize $522.9 million over the next 12 months, and the remainder thereafter. Contract liabilities were approximately $642.0 million as of December 31, 2021, of which the Company expects to recognize $613.3 million over the next 12 months, and the remaining thereafter. The amount of revenues recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 that were included in the opening contract liabilities balances at the beginning of each respective period was approximately $122.0 million and $533.7 million, respectively. The amount of revenues recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 that were included in the opening contract liabilities balances at the beginning of each respective period was approximately $130.2 million and $476.0 million, respectively. Revenues recognized from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods were immaterial during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. Remaining Performance Obligations from Customer Contracts Remaining performance obligations represent contracted revenues that have not yet been recognized (including contract liabilities) and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenues in future periods. The volumes and amounts of customer contracts that the Company records and total revenues that it recognizes are impacted by a variety of seasonal factors. In each year, the amounts and volumes of contracting activity and associated revenues are typically highest in its fourth fiscal quarter and lowest in the first fiscal quarter. These seasonal impacts influence how the Company’s remaining performance obligations change over time, and, combined with foreign exchange rate fluctuations and other factors, influence the amount of remaining performance obligations that the Company reports at a point in time. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company’s remaining performance obligations were $1.1 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively, which does not include customer deposit liabilities. The Company expects to recognize approximately 69% and 65% of its remaining performance obligations at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 as revenues over the next twelve months and the remainder over the next two to three years. Stock-based Compensation The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718, Stock Compensation. The Company measures and recognizes compensation expense for all stock-based awards, including stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) granted to employees and directors, performance stock units (“PSUs”) granted to employees and stock purchase rights granted under the Company’s 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) to employees, based on the estimated fair value of the awards on the date of grant. The Company grants stock options with only service conditions (“service-based options”) which may also include one-year cliff vesting provisions, as well as those with both service and performance or market conditions. The Company uses the Black-Scholes Merton or Monte Carlo model to value the stock options granted under its equity plans. For purchase rights granted under the ESPP, the fair value is estimated using the Black-Scholes Merton model. Both models require the input of certain assumptions on the grant date, including fair value of the underlying stock and exercise price, expected term, volatility over an expected term, risk-free interest rate for an expected term, and dividend yield. The fair value of each RSU granted after the Company's IPO is determined by the closing price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. Compensation expense is recognized for time-based options and RSUs on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Compensation expense for options containing performance conditions and PSUs is based on the estimated number of the performance-based stock options/units expected to vest using the graded vesting attribution method. Compensation expense for options containing market condition vesting criteria is based on the estimated number of the stock options expected to vest on attainment of the condition. Compensation expense is recognized for shares issued pursuant to the ESPP on a straight-line basis over the offering period. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur, and cash flows related to excess tax benefits are presented as an operating activity in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows. Prior to the IPO, the fair value of the common stock underlying the options had historically been determined by the Company’s Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors given the absence of a public trading market. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors determined the fair value of the common stock by considering a number of objective and subjective factors, including: (i) third-party valuations of common stock; (ii) the lack of marketability of the common stock; (iii) the Company's actual operating and financial results; (iv) the Company’s current business conditions and projections; and (v) the likelihood of various potential liquidity events, such as an initial public offering or sale of the Company, given prevailing market conditions. After the IPO, the fair value of the common stock was determined based on the Company’s closing stock price as quoted on the New York Stock Exchange on the grant date. Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Investments The Company considers highly liquid investment securities with maturities of 90 days or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Investments not considered cash equivalents with maturities of greater than 90 days but less than one year from the condensed consolidated balance sheet date are classified as short-term investments. Investments with maturities greater than one year from the condensed consolidated balance sheet date are classified as long-term investments. The Company’s cash equivalents and investments include time deposits, money market funds and debt securities. The Company’s restricted cash is primarily associated with securing credit facilities. The Company's debt securities consist primarily of commercial paper, corporate debt securities, U.S. government securities, U.S. government agency securities, and non-U.S. government securities. The Company's debt securities are classified as available-for-sale and are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders' equity. Realized gains or losses and permanent declines in value, if any, on available-for-sale debt securities are reported in other income (expense), net as incurred. The Company recognizes realized gains and losses upon sales of investment and reclassifies unrealized gains and losses out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings using the specific identification method. For our available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, we determine whether a credit loss exists. In this assessment, among other factors, we consider the extent to which the fair value is less than the amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security. If factors indicate a credit loss exists, an allowance for credit loss is recorded to other income (expense), net, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. The amount of fair value change relating to all other factors will be recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). Concentrations of Credit Risk and Credit Evaluations Financial instruments that are potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, investments, derivatives and trade receivables. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are generally held with large, diverse financial institutions worldwide to reduce the amount of exposure to any single financial institution. The majority of cash equivalents consists of money market funds that primarily invest in U.S. government securities. Our investments consist of time deposits and fixed income debt securities. Management believes that the financial institutions that hold the Company’s time deposits and the issuers of debt securities are financially sound and, accordingly, are subject to minimal credit risk. The Company’s derivative contracts are transacted with various financial institutions with high credit ratings. The Company evaluates its counterparties associated with the Company’s foreign exchange forward contracts and interest rate swap contracts at least quarterly. Since all of these counterparties are large credit-worthy commercial banking institutions, the Company does not consider counterparty non-performance to be a material risk. The Company may enter into master netting arrangements to mitigate credit risk in derivative transactions by permitting net settlement of transactions with the same counterparty. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral. The Company makes judgments as to its ability to collect outstanding receivables and provide allowances for the portion of receivables when collection becomes doubtful. Further, the Company maintains an allowance for expected credit losses. It estimates expected credit trends for the allowance for credit losses for receivables and contract assets based upon its assessment of various factors, including historical experience, the age of the receivable balances, credit rating of its customers, current economic conditions, and other factors that may affect its ability to collect from customers. Expected credit losses are recorded as general and administrative expense. No customer accounted for more than 10% of revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, no customer accounted for more than 10% of the accounts receivable balance. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) - Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU 2020-04”). The amendments in ASU 2020-04 provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments apply only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference London Inter Bank Offer Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), which expanded the scope of Topic 848 to include derivative instruments impacted by discounting transition (“ASU 2021-01”). ASU 2020-04 and ASU 2021-01 are effective for all entities through December 31, 2022. The expedients and exceptions provided by the amendments do not apply to contract modifications and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2022, except for hedging transactions as of December 31, 2022, that an entity has elected certain optional expedients for and that are retained through the end of the hedging relationship. In the event LIBOR is unavailable, the Company’s debt documents provide for a substitute index, on a basis generally consistent with market practice, intended to put the Company in substantially the same economic position as LIBOR. As a result, the Company does not expect the reference rate reform and the adoption of ASU 2020-04 and ASU 2021-01 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

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