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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_____________________________
FORM 10-Q
_____________________________
(Mark One)

x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025
OR

o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission file number 001-40936
_____________________________
Informatica Inc.
_____________________________
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  |  | 61-1999534
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
2100 Seaport Boulevard Redwood City, California |  |  | 94063
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |  |  | (Zip Code)

(650) 385-5000
Registrant's telephone number, including area code
_____________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share | INFA | The New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | x |  | Accelerated filer | o
Non-accelerated filer | o |  | Smaller reporting company | o
|  |  | Emerging growth company | o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No x
The registrant had outstanding 260,676,335 shares of Class A common stock and 44,049,523 shares of Class B-1 common stock as of July 28, 2025.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I. Financial Information | 1
Item 1. | Financial Statements | 1
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 27
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 46
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 47
Part II. Other Information | 49
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 49
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 49
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 93
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 93
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 93
Item 5. | Other Information | 94
Item 6. | Exhibits | 95
Signatures | 96

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Report” or “report”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), which statements involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events or our future financial or operating performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “target,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions that concern our expectations, strategy, plans or intentions. The forward-looking statements in this report, other than the statements regarding the Merger (as defined below) with Salesforce (as defined below), do not assume the consummation of the Merger unless specifically stated otherwise. Forward-looking statements contained in this Report include, but are not limited to, statements about:
•the occurrence of any event, change, or other circumstances that could delay or prevent closing of the Merger (as defined below) or give rise to the termination of the Merger Agreement (as defined below);
•our ability to attract and retain customers;
•the possible harm caused by adverse economic, industry and market conditions in the United States and globally, including due to interest rate volatility, shifting foreign exchange rates, tariffs, and geopolitical disruptions;
•the possible harm caused by a security breach or incident, significant disruption of service, or loss of or unauthorized access to users’ data;
•our expectations and management of future growth;
•the possible harm caused by customers terminating or failing to renew their subscription or maintenance contracts;
•our future financial performance, including trends in revenue, costs of revenue, gross profit or gross margin, and operating expenses;
•our ability to transition our customers to subscription- and cloud-based offerings;
•the effect of legal and regulatory changes, including those related to data localization and transfer;
•our ability to attract and retain key personnel and highly qualified personnel;
•the impact of our restructurings and related charges on our business, results of operations and financial condition;
•our ability to effectively train and incentivize our sales force;
•our ability to respond to technological changes and evolving industry standards;
•our ability to maintain, protect, and enhance our intellectual property;
•our ability to successfully identify, acquire, and integrate companies and assets;
•our ability to upsell and cross-sell within our existing customer base;
•our ability to prevent serious errors or defects in our products and services;
•the demand for our platform, cloud-based solutions or data management solutions in general;
•our ability to compete successfully in competitive markets;
•our ability to protect our brand;
•our ability to successfully execute our go-to-market strategy;
•our ability to manage our international operations;
•our ability to build and maintain relationships with strategy partners;
•our ability to achieve or maintain profitability;
•our expectations regarding cost savings and expenses;

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•our ability to manage our outstanding indebtedness;
•our ability to offer high-quality customer support;
•plans regarding our stock repurchase authorization;
•the impact of interest rate or foreign currency exchange rates upon our financial performance, operations, and cash flows;
•our expectations regarding new product launch dates;
•the distribution of Class A common stock by certain of our stockholders; and
•the increased requirements associated with being a public company, including reporting, governance and internal controls, and related expenses.
We caution you that the foregoing list may not contain all of the forward-looking statements made in this Report.
You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We have based the forward-looking statements contained in this Report primarily on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors described in the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Report. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this Report. We cannot assure you that the results, events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur, and actual results, events or circumstances could differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements.
The forward-looking statements made in this Report relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this Report to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Report or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures or investments we may make.
In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Report, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.

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Part I - Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
INFORMATICA INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except par value data)
(Unaudited)

| June 30, |  | December 31,
| 2025 |  | 2024
Assets |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,052,275 |  |  | $ | 912,460 |
Short-term investments | 246,299 |  |  | 319,951 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $3,422 and $6,618, respectively | 332,600 |  |  | 509,826 |
Contract assets, net | 60,196 |  |  | 60,343 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 243,053 |  |  | 184,939 |
Total current assets | 1,934,423 |  |  | 1,987,519 |
Property and equipment, net | 137,365 |  |  | 138,999 |
Operating lease right-of-use-assets | 53,490 |  |  | 48,438 |
Goodwill | 2,391,833 |  |  | 2,326,831 |
Customer relationships intangible asset, net | 510,199 |  |  | 550,404 |
Other intangible assets, net | 4,873 |  |  | 5,681 |
Deferred tax assets | 19,025 |  |  | 18,267 |
Other assets | 203,511 |  |  | 203,393 |
Total assets | $ | 5,254,719 |  |  | $ | 5,279,532 |
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 20,767 |  |  | $ | 27,155 |
Accrued liabilities | 54,236 |  |  | 57,696 |
Accrued compensation and related expenses | 103,673 |  |  | 148,248 |
Current operating lease liabilities | 14,060 |  |  | 13,686 |
Current portion of long-term debt | 18,750 |  |  | 18,750 |
Income taxes payable | 2,957 |  |  | 5,815 |
Deferred revenue | 746,839 |  |  | 819,367 |
Total current liabilities | 961,282 |  |  | 1,090,717 |
Long-term operating lease liabilities | 42,665 |  |  | 37,771 |
Long-term deferred revenue | 11,180 |  |  | 13,910 |
Long-term debt, net | 1,782,706 |  |  | 1,790,401 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 5,998 |  |  | 7,828 |
Long-term income taxes payable | 27,528 |  |  | 24,276 |
Other liabilities | 38,823 |  |  | 7,315 |
Total liabilities | 2,870,182 |  |  | 2,972,218 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14) |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Class A common stock; $0.01 par value per share; 2,000,000 shares authorized as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024; 260,595 and 259,485 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively | 2,607 |  |  | 2,596 |
Class B-1 common stock; $0.01 par value per share; 200,000 shares authorized as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024; 44,050 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 | 440 |  |  | 440 |
Class B-2 common stock; $0.00001 par value per share; 200,000 shares authorized as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024; 44,050 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 | — |  |  | — |
Additional paid-in-capital | 3,690,869 |  |  | 3,670,371 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (7,350) |  |  | (67,383) |
Accumulated deficit | (1,302,029) |  |  | (1,298,710) |
Total stockholders’ equity | 2,384,537 |  |  | 2,307,314 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 5,254,719 |  |  | $ | 5,279,532 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements
1

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INFORMATICA INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subscription revenue | $ | 287,034 |  |  | $ | 264,306 |  |  | $ | 571,044 |  |  | $ | 516,304 |
Maintenance and professional services | 120,310 |  |  | 136,319 |  |  | 240,197 |  |  | 272,928 |
Total revenues | 407,344 |  |  | 400,625 |  |  | 811,241 |  |  | 789,232 |
Cost of revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subscription costs | 53,606 |  |  | 47,367 |  |  | 107,351 |  |  | 94,210 |
Maintenance and professional services costs | 27,171 |  |  | 34,501 |  |  | 53,907 |  |  | 68,379 |
Amortization of acquired technology | 538 |  |  | 1,027 |  |  | 1,069 |  |  | 2,061 |
Total cost of revenues | 81,315 |  |  | 82,895 |  |  | 162,327 |  |  | 164,650 |
Gross profit | 326,029 |  |  | 317,730 |  |  | 648,914 |  |  | 624,582 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 88,240 |  |  | 79,234 |  |  | 170,213 |  |  | 158,888 |
Sales and marketing | 155,491 |  |  | 147,453 |  |  | 297,603 |  |  | 284,886 |
General and administrative | 57,377 |  |  | 48,962 |  |  | 97,559 |  |  | 99,408 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 25,010 |  |  | 31,718 |  |  | 49,801 |  |  | 63,457 |
Restructuring | — |  |  | 899 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,254 |
Total operating expenses | 326,118 |  |  | 308,266 |  |  | 615,176 |  |  | 611,893 |
(Loss) income from operations | (89) |  |  | 9,464 |  |  | 33,738 |  |  | 12,689 |
Interest income | 13,004 |  |  | 13,765 |  |  | 26,260 |  |  | 27,172 |
Interest expense | (29,552) |  |  | (38,333) |  |  | (59,009) |  |  | (77,430) |
Other (expense) income, net | (18,819) |  |  | 851 |  |  | (34,485) |  |  | 7,186 |
Loss before income taxes | (35,456) |  |  | (14,253) |  |  | (33,496) |  |  | (30,383) |
Income tax benefit | (30,807) |  |  | (19,081) |  |  | (30,187) |  |  | (44,545) |
Net (loss) income | $ | (4,649) |  |  | $ | 4,828 |  |  | $ | (3,309) |  |  | $ | 14,162 |
Net (loss) income per share attributable to Class A and Class B-1 common stockholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | (0.02) |  |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | $ | (0.01) |  |  | $ | 0.05 |
Diluted | $ | (0.02) |  |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | $ | (0.01) |  |  | $ | 0.05 |
Weighted-average shares used in computing net (loss) income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 302,949 |  |  | 300,930 |  |  | 302,811 |  |  | 298,913 |
Diluted | 302,949 |  |  | 314,934 |  |  | 302,811 |  |  | 313,716 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
2

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INFORMATICA INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Net (loss) income | $ | (4,649) |  |  | $ | 4,828 |  |  | $ | (3,309) |  |  | $ | 14,162 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax (expense) benefit of $(509), $32, $(715), and $238 | 65,610 |  |  | (5,352) |  |  | 100,972 |  |  | (25,332) |
Available-for-sale debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in unrealized loss, net of tax benefit of $8, $6, $20, and $32 | (24) |  |  | (16) |  |  | (64) |  |  | (97) |
Available-for-sale debt securities, net change | (24) |  |  | (16) |  |  | (64) |  |  | (97) |
Cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in unrealized gain, net of tax benefit (expense) of $179, $(44), $450, and $(132) | 549 |  |  | 132 |  |  | 1,379 |  |  | 401 |
Less: reclassification adjustment for amounts included in net (loss) income, net of tax benefit (expense) of $15, $(24), $164, and $(99) | 46 |  |  | (73) |  |  | 502 |  |  | (302) |
Cash flow hedge, net change | 595 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 1,881 |  |  | 99 |
Change in fair value of cross currency swap contracts, net of tax benefit of $—, $—, $—, and $— | (28,872) |  |  | — |  |  | (42,756) |  |  | — |
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax effect | 37,309 |  |  | (5,309) |  |  | 60,033 |  |  | (25,330) |
Total comprehensive income (loss), net of tax effect | $ | 32,660 |  |  | $ | (481) |  |  | $ | 56,724 |  |  | $ | (11,168) |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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INFORMATICA INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
|  | Class A Common Stock |  | Class B-1 Common Stock |  | Class B-2 Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Total Stockholders' Equity
|  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |
Balances, March 31, 2025 |  | 257,675 |  |  | $ | 2,578 |  |  | 44,050 |  |  | $ | 440 |  |  | 44,050 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,617,109 |  |  | $ | (44,659) |  |  | $ | (1,297,380) |  |  | $ | 2,278,088 |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 70,392 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 70,392 |
Shares withheld related to net share settlement of equity awards |  | (1,001) |  |  | (10) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (19,580) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (19,590) |
Issuance of shares under equity plans |  | 3,921 |  |  | 39 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22,948 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22,987 |
Net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,649) |  |  | (4,649) |
Other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37,309 |  |  | — |  |  | 37,309 |
Balances, June 30, 2025 |  | 260,595 |  |  | $ | 2,607 |  |  | 44,050 |  |  | $ | 440 |  |  | 44,050 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,690,869 |  |  | $ | (7,350) |  |  | $ | (1,302,029) |  |  | $ | 2,384,537 |

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
|  | Class A Common Stock |  | Class B-1 Common Stock |  | Class B-2 Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity
|  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |
Balances, March 31, 2024 |  | 255,502 |  |  | $ | 2,556 |  |  | 44,050 |  |  | $ | 440 |  |  | 44,050 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,601,372 |  |  | $ | (42,391) |  |  | $ | (1,299,162) |  |  | $ | 2,262,815 |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 65,470 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 65,470 |
Shares withheld related to net share settlement of equity awards |  | (1,016) |  |  | (10) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (30,838) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (30,848) |
Issuance of shares under equity plans |  | 4,324 |  |  | 43 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28,817 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28,860 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,828 |  |  | 4,828 |
Other comprehensive loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,309) |  |  | — |  |  | (5,309) |
Balances, June 30, 2024 |  | 258,810 |  |  | $ | 2,589 |  |  | 44,050 |  |  | $ | 440 |  |  | 44,050 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,664,821 |  |  | $ | (47,700) |  |  | $ | (1,294,334) |  |  | $ | 2,325,816 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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INFORMATICA INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
|  | Class A Common Stock |  | Class B-1 Common Stock |  | Class B-2 Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Total Stockholders' Equity
|  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |
Balances, December 31, 2024 |  | 259,485 |  |  | $ | 2,596 |  |  | 44,050 |  |  | $ | 440 |  |  | 44,050 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,670,371 |  |  | $ | (67,383) |  |  | $ | (1,298,710) |  |  | $ | 2,307,314 |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 130,570 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 130,570 |
Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan |  | 922 |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,570 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,579 |
Shares withheld related to net share settlement of equity awards |  | (2,425) |  |  | (24) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (48,581) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (48,605) |
Repurchases of common stock |  | (4,879) |  |  | (49) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (99,951) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (100,000) |
Issuance of shares under equity plans |  | 7,492 |  |  | 75 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23,890 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23,965 |
Payments for dividends related to Class B-2 shares |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10) |  |  | (10) |
Net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,309) |  |  | (3,309) |
Other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 60,033 |  |  | — |  |  | 60,033 |
Balances, June 30, 2025 |  | 260,595 |  |  | $ | 2,607 |  |  | 44,050 |  |  | $ | 440 |  |  | 44,050 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,690,869 |  |  | $ | (7,350) |  |  | $ | (1,302,029) |  |  | $ | 2,384,537 |

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
|  | Class A Common Stock |  | Class B-1 Common Stock |  | Class B-2 Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity
|  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |
Balances, December 31, 2023 |  | 250,874 |  |  | $ | 2,510 |  |  | 44,050 |  |  | $ | 440 |  |  | 44,050 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,540,502 |  |  | $ | (22,370) |  |  | $ | (1,308,484) |  |  | $ | 2,212,598 |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 129,571 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 129,571 |
Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan |  | 936 |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,788 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,797 |
Shares withheld related to net share settlement of equity awards |  | (2,366) |  |  | (24) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (76,667) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (76,691) |
Issuance of shares under equity plans |  | 9,366 |  |  | 94 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 57,627 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 57,721 |
Payments for dividends related to Class B-2 shares |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12) |  |  | (12) |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,162 |  |  | 14,162 |
Other comprehensive loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (25,330) |  |  | — |  |  | (25,330) |
Balances, June 30, 2024 |  | 258,810 |  |  | $ | 2,589 |  |  | 44,050 |  |  | $ | 440 |  |  | 44,050 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,664,821 |  |  | $ | (47,700) |  |  | $ | (1,294,334) |  |  | $ | 2,325,816 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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INFORMATICA INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

|  | Six Months Ended June 30,
|  | 2025 |  | 2024
Operating activities: |  |  |  |
Net (loss) income |  | $ | (3,309) |  |  | $ | 14,162 |
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 6,800 |  |  | 6,066 |
Non-cash operating lease costs |  | 7,104 |  |  | 7,335 |
Stock-based compensation |  | 130,570 |  |  | 129,600 |
Deferred income taxes |  | (1,235) |  |  | (1,576) |
Amortization of intangible assets and acquired technology |  | 50,870 |  |  | 65,518 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs |  | 1,932 |  |  | 1,790 |
Amortization of investment discount, net of premium |  | (1,314) |  |  | (2,848) |
Debt refinancing costs |  | — |  |  | 1,366 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  | 185,775 |  |  | 176,418 |
Prepaid expenses and other assets |  | 12,868 |  |  | 8,197 |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  | (64,019) |  |  | (92,022) |
Income taxes payable |  | (50,909) |  |  | (74,812) |
Deferred revenue |  | (96,383) |  |  | (82,700) |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 178,750 |  |  | 156,494 |
Investing activities: |  |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment |  | (4,708) |  |  | (1,565) |
Purchases of investments |  | (234,385) |  |  | (269,555) |
Maturities of investments |  | 276,500 |  |  | 202,032 |
Sales of investments |  | 7,929 |  |  | — |
Other |  | — |  |  | 1,878 |
Net cash provided by / (used in) investing activities |  | 45,336 |  |  | (67,210) |
Financing activities: |  |  |  |
Payment of debt |  | (9,376) |  |  | (11,347) |
Payment of debt refinancing costs |  | — |  |  | (1,349) |
Proceeds from issuance of debt |  | — |  |  | 1,971 |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan |  | 14,579 |  |  | 13,797 |
Payments for dividends related to Class B-2 shares |  | (10) |  |  | (12) |
Payments for repurchases of common stock |  | (101,346) |  |  | — |
Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards |  | (48,605) |  |  | (76,691) |
Proceeds from issuance of shares under equity plans |  | 23,965 |  |  | 57,721 |
Net cash used in financing activities |  | (120,793) |  |  | (15,910) |
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |  | 36,522 |  |  | (7,352) |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |  | 139,815 |  |  | 66,022 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  | 912,460 |  |  | 732,443 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 1,052,275 |  |  | $ | 798,465 |
Supplemental disclosures: |  |  |  |
Cash paid for interest |  | $ | 60,227 |  |  | $ | 75,704 |
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds |  | $ | 21,868 |  |  | $ | 31,843 |
Non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment recorded in accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  | $ | 632 |  |  | $ | 279 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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INFORMATICA INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1. Organization and Description of Business
Informatica Inc. (the “Company” or “Informatica”) delivers an industry leading artificial intelligence (“AI”) enabled data management products on a cloud native platform that connects, manages, and unifies data across multi-vendor, multi-cloud and hybrid systems at enterprise scale. The platform enables the Company’s customers to accurately track and understand their data, allowing them to create 360-degree customer experiences, automate data operations across enterprise-wide business processes, and pursue holistic data-driven digital strategies by harnessing the power of the cloud. The Company’s platform includes a suite of interoperable data management products that leverage the shared services and metadata of the underlying platform, including products for Data Catalog, Data Integration & Engineering, API & Application Integration, Data Quality and Observability, Master Data Management, Customer and Business 360 Applications, Governance, Access and Privacy, and Data Marketplace. The Company was incorporated as a Delaware corporation on June 4, 2021. Unless the context otherwise requires, references to “Informatica” and the “Company” mean Informatica Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries for all periods presented.
Proposed Transaction with Salesforce
On May 26, 2025, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Salesforce, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Salesforce”) and Phoenix I Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Salesforce (“Merger Sub”). Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, and upon the terms and subject to the conditions therein, Merger Sub will be merged with and into the Company, with the Company continuing as the surviving corporation and as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Salesforce (the “Merger”), and Merger Sub will cease to exist.
At the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”), (a) each issued and outstanding share of Class A common stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Class A common stock”) and Class B-1 common stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Class B-1 common stock”) (other than any of the shares described in the next sentence) issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time will be converted into the right to receive $25.00 per share in cash, without interest (the “Class A and Class B-1 Merger Consideration”), and (b) each issued and outstanding share of Class B-2 common stock, $0.00001 par value per share, of the Company issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time will be converted into the right to receive $0.0000100115 per share in cash, without interest (the “Class B-2 Merger Consideration” and together with the Class A and Class B-1 Merger Consideration, the “Merger Consideration”). However, the Merger Consideration will not be paid, nor will any distribution be made, in respect of any shares of the Company’s Class A common stock or Class B-1 common stock owned immediately prior to the Effective Time by (1) the Company (including the Company’s treasury shares), Merger Sub, Salesforce or any direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Salesforce, which at the Effective Time will automatically be cancelled without any conversion thereof, and (2) stockholders or beneficial owners of shares of the Company’s common stock who have neither voted in favor of the Merger nor consented thereto in writing and who have properly and timely demanded appraisal for such shares in accordance with Section 262 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”, and such shares, the “Dissenting Shares”). At the Effective Time, holders of any Dissenting Shares will be entitled only to such rights as are granted by the DGCL. From and after the Effective Time, all shares of the Company’s common stock shall cease to be issued and outstanding and shall automatically be cancelled and retired and shall cease to exist. As a result of the Merger, the Company will cease to be a publicly-traded company.
The Merger Agreement and Merger Consideration have been approved by the boards of directors of both Salesforce and the Company. The Merger Agreement and the Merger also have been approved by EvomLux S.à.r.l., Ithaca L.P. (together, “Permira”) and Canada Pension Plan Investment (“CPP Investments”) (each a "Sponsor" and together "the Sponsors"), which together hold a majority of the outstanding shares of Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock. As a result, no further approval of the Company’s stockholders is required under applicable law, the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation or the Merger Agreement to adopt the Merger Agreement. The Merger is expected to close early in Salesforce’s fiscal year
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INFORMATICA INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2027, which begins on February 1, 2026, subject to the receipt of required regulatory clearances and satisfaction of other customary closing conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement.
The Merger Agreement contains certain customary termination rights for the Company and Salesforce and provides that a termination fee of $253 million will be payable by the Company to Salesforce upon termination of the Merger Agreement under certain circumstances, including where Salesforce terminates the Merger Agreement as a result of the Company’s breach of the Merger Agreement following receipt of a bona fide acquisition proposal that has not been withdrawn at least three business days prior to the date of such termination, and within 12 months of such termination, the Company enters into a definitive agreement providing for an acquisition proposal or consummates an acquisition proposal. In certain circumstances, a regulatory termination fee of $363 million will be payable by Salesforce to the Company in the event that the Merger Agreement is terminated due to the failure to obtain certain required regulatory approvals.
The foregoing summary of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the full text of the Merger Agreement, which is filed as Exhibit 2.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2025, and incorporated by reference herein.
In connection with the pending Merger, the Company incurred $12.0 million of costs in general and administrative expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, including professional services and financial advisory fees.
Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include those of the Company and its subsidiaries, after elimination of all intercompany accounts and transactions. The Company has prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
The Company previously presented Subscriptions and Perpetual license revenues and cost of revenues separately on its condensed consolidated statement of operations. Because revenue and costs for perpetual licenses are no longer material for current or past periods due to transition to a cloud-only, consumption-driven strategy, the Company has combined these amounts and has retrospectively adjusted past periods for comparative purposes. The Company continues to renew its maintenance contracts related to the perpetual licenses sold in prior periods and recognize maintenance revenue which is presented as a part of Maintenance and professional services on its condensed consolidated statement of operations.
In management’s opinion, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual consolidated financial statements and reflect all adjustments, which include recurring adjustments necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s financial position as of June 30, 2025 and the results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or any other future interim or annual period.
Segment Reporting
The Company’s chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”) is its Chief Executive Officer who makes operating decisions, assesses financial performance and allocates resources based on consolidated financial information. As such, the Company has determined that it has one operating segment which is also their reportable segment. The CODM uses consolidated net income to measure segment profit or loss, allocate resources and assess performance. The CODM reviews and utilizes function expenses (cost of revenues, research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative) at the consolidated level to manage the Company's operations. Other segment items included in consolidated net income are interest
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INFORMATICA INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
income, interest expense, other (expense) income, net, and income tax expense (benefit), which are reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Use of Estimates
The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP, which require management to make certain estimates, judgments, and assumptions in the evaluation of terms and conditions in customer revenue contracts, including the assessment of performance obligations, and the realizability of deferred tax assets. Management believes the estimates, judgments, and assumptions upon which it relies are reasonable based on information available at the time that these estimates, judgments, and assumptions are made. These estimates, judgments, and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Any material differences between these estimates and actual results will impact the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company assesses these estimates on a regular basis, however actual results could differ from estimates due to risks and uncertainties.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The Company’s significant accounting policies are discussed in “Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, which was filed with the SEC on February 25, 2025. There have been no material changes to these policies during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In October 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements - Codification Amendments in Responses to the SEC's Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. The amendments clarify or improve disclosure and presentation requirements on various disclosure areas, including the statement of cash flows, earnings per share, debt, and equity. The amendments will align the requirements in the FASB ASC with the SEC's regulations. The amendments in this ASU will be effective on the date the related disclosures are removed from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K by the SEC, and will not be effective if the SEC has not removed the applicable disclosure requirement by June 30, 2027. Early adoption is prohibited. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires public entities, on an annual basis, to provide disclosure of specific categories in the rate reconciliation, as well as disclosure of income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. ASU 2023-09 is effective for the Company for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures: Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses,” which requires disclosure of disaggregated information about specific categories underlying certain income statement expense line items in the footnotes to the financial statements for both annual and interim periods. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard.
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INFORMATICA INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 3. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Investments
The following table summarizes the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and investments as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands).

| June 30, |  | December 31,
| 2025 |  | 2024
Cash | $ | 458,612 |  |  | $ | 286,543 |
Cash equivalents: |  |  |
Time deposits | 95,356 |  |  | 146,779 |
Money market funds | 494,315 |  |  | 476,147 |
Commercial paper | 3,992 |  |  | 2,991 |
Total cash equivalents | 593,663 |  |  | 625,917 |
Total cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,052,275 |  |  | $ | 912,460 |
Short-term investments: |  |  |
Time deposits | 175,103 |  |  | 225,103 |
Commercial paper | 46,518 |  |  | 45,194 |
Corporate debt securities | 17,514 |  |  | 31,593 |
U.S. government securities | 7,164 |  |  | 18,061 |
Total short-term investments | $ | 246,299 |  |  | $ | 319,951 |
Long-term investments(i): |  |  |
Corporate debt securities | 9,766 |  |  | — |
U.S. government agency securities | 28,669 |  |  | 13,594 |
Total long-term investments | $ | 38,435 |  |  | $ | 13,594 |
Total cash, cash equivalents and investments | $ | 1,337,009 |  |  | $ | 1,246,005 |

_____________
(i)Included in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
See Note 5. Fair Value Measurements of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Report for further information regarding the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments.
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INFORMATICA INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 4. Available-For-Sale Debt Securities
The following table summarizes the Company’s available-for-sale debt securities as of June 30, 2025 (in thousands).

| June 30, 2025
| Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
U.S. government securities | $ | 7,164 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,164 |
U.S. government agency securities | 28,691 |  |  | 6 |  |  | (28) |  |  | 28,669 |
Corporate debt securities | 27,242 |  |  | 38 |  |  | — |  |  | 27,280 |
Commercial paper | 50,516 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (8) |  |  | 50,510 |
Total | $ | 113,613 |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | (36) |  |  | $ | 113,623 |

The following table summarizes the Company’s available-for-sale debt securities as of December 31, 2024 (in thousands).

| December 31, 2024
| Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
U.S. government securities | $ | 18,047 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18,061 |
U.S. government agency securities | 13,598 |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | 13,594 |
Corporate debt securities | 31,551 |  |  | 44 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 31,593 |
Commercial paper | 48,145 |  |  | 42 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 48,185 |
Total | $ | 111,341 |  |  | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | (8) |  |  | $ | 111,433 |

There was an immaterial realized loss related to available-for-sale debt securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. As of June 30, 2025, the fair value of the Company’s available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturity of one year or less from the condensed consolidated balance sheet date was $75.2 million.
As of June 30, 2025, the gross unrealized losses that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months were immaterial, which were related to $61.8 million of available-for-sale debt securities. There were no gross unrealized losses that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for more than 12 months.
The Company did not recognize any credit losses related to the Company’s debt securities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. Unrealized losses related to available-for-sale debt securities are due to interest rate fluctuations as opposed to credit quality. The Company does not intend to sell these investments. In addition, it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell them before recovery of the amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity.
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INFORMATICA INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 5. Fair Value Measurements
The Company uses a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. The three levels of fair value hierarchy are set forth below. The Company’s assessment of the hierarchy level of the assets or liabilities measured at fair value is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.
Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3 Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair values of the assets or liabilities. The Company does not have any assets or liabilities classified as Level 3.
Fair Value Measurement of Financial Assets and Liabilities on a Recurring Basis
The following table presents information about the Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2025 and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation (in thousands):

| Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Time deposits(i) | $ | 270,459 |  |  | $ | 270,459 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Money market funds(ii) | 494,315 |  |  | 494,315 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial paper(i) | 50,510 |  |  | — |  |  | 50,510 |  |  | — |
Corporate debt securities(iii)(iv) | 27,280 |  |  | — |  |  | 27,280 |  |  | — |
U.S. government and U.S. government agency securities(iii)(iv) | 35,833 |  |  | — |  |  | 35,833 |  |  | — |
Total cash equivalents and investments | 878,397 |  |  | 764,774 |  |  | 113,623 |  |  | — |
Foreign currency derivatives (v) | 791 |  |  | — |  |  | 791 |  |  | — |
Cross currency swap contracts(v) | 5,167 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,167 |  |  | — |
Total assets | $ | 884,355 |  |  | $ | 764,774 |  |  | $ | 119,581 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency derivatives(vi) | $ | 402 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 402 |  |  | $ | — |
Cross currency swap contracts(vi) | 31,777 |  |  | — |  |  | 31,777 |  |  | — |
Total liabilities | $ | 32,179 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 32,179 |  |  | $ | — |

__________
(i)Included in cash equivalents and short-term investments on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(ii)Included in cash equivalents on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(iii)Included in short-term investments on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(iv)Included in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(v)Included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(vi)Included in accrued liabilities and other liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
There were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 categories during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.
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INFORMATICA INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following table presents information about the Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2024 and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation (in thousands):

| Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Time deposits(i) | $ | 371,882 |  |  | $ | 371,882 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Money market funds(ii) | 476,147 |  |  | 476,147 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial paper(i) | 48,185 |  |  | — |  |  | 48,185 |  |  | — |
Corporate debt securities(iii) | 31,593 |  |  | — |  |  | 31,593 |  |  | — |
U.S. government and U.S. government agency securities(iii)(iv) | 31,655 |  |  | — |  |  | 31,655 |  |  | — |
Total cash equivalents and investments | 959,462 |  |  | 848,029 |  |  | 111,433 |  |  | — |
Cross currency swap contracts(iv) | 16,147 |  |  | — |  |  | 16,147 |  |  | — |
Total assets | $ | 975,609 |  |  | $ | 848,029 |  |  | $ | 127,580 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency derivatives(v) | 2,205 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,205 |  |  | — |
Total liabilities | $ | 2,205 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,205 |  |  | $ | — |

(i)Included in cash equivalents and short-term investments on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(ii)Included in cash equivalents on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(iii)Included in short-term investments on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(iv)Included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(v)Included in accrued liabilities and other liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Note 6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill
The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of the goodwill for the six months ended June 30, 2025 (in thousands):

| Amount |
Ending balance as of December 31, 2024 | $ | 2,326,831 |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | 65,002 |  |
Ending Balance as of June 30, 2025 | $ | 2,391,833 |  |

Goodwill represents the excess of consideration paid over the estimated fair value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in business combinations.
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INFORMATICA INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Intangible Assets
The carrying amounts of the intangible assets other than goodwill as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows (in thousands):

|  | June 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
| Cost |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net |  | Cost |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net
Customer relationships |  | $ | 2,163,568 |  |  | $ | (1,653,369) |  |  | $ | 510,199 |  |  | $ | 2,153,972 |  |  | $ | (1,603,568) |  |  | $ | 550,404 |
Other intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquired developed and core technology |  | 880,923 |  |  | (876,050) |  |  | 4,873 |  |  | 880,662 |  |  | (874,981) |  |  | 5,681 |
Total intangible assets, net |  | $ | 3,044,491 |  |  | $ | (2,529,419) |  |  | $ | 515,072 |  |  | $ | 3,034,634 |  |  | $ | (2,478,549) |  |  | $ | 556,085 |

The Company amortizes its intangible assets over their remaining estimated useful life using cash flow projections, revenue projections, or the straight-line method. Total amortization expense related to intangible assets was $25.5 million a nd $32.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Total amortization expense related to intangible assets was $50.9 million an d $65.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
The allocation of the amortization of intangible assets for the periods indicated below is as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Cost of revenues | $ | 538 |  |  | $ | 1,027 |  |  | $ | 1,069 |  |  | $ | 2,061 |
Operating expenses | 25,010 |  |  | 31,718 |  |  | 49,801 |  |  | 63,457 |
Total amortization of intangible assets | $ | 25,548 |  |  | $ | 32,745 |  |  | $ | 50,870 |  |  | $ | 65,518 |

Certain intangible assets are recorded in foreign currencies; and therefore, the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization are subject to foreign currency translation adjustments.
As of June 30, 2025, the amortization expense related to identifiable intangible assets in future periods is expected to be as follows (in thousands):

| Customer Relationships Intangible Asset |  | Other Intangible Assets |  | Total Intangible Assets
Remaining 2025 | $ | 50,360 |  |  | $ | 1,085 |  |  | $ | 51,445 |
2026 | 87,557 |  |  | 1,470 |  |  | 89,027 |
2027 | 75,961 |  |  | 729 |  |  | 76,690 |
2028 | 65,996 |  |  | 573 |  |  | 66,569 |
2029 | 57,291 |  |  | 358 |  |  | 57,649 |
Thereafter | 173,034 |  |  | 658 |  |  | 173,692 |
Total expected amortization expense | $ | 510,199 |  |  | $ | 4,873 |  |  | $ | 515,072 |

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INFORMATICA INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 7. Borrowings
Long term debt consists of the following (in thousands):

| June 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
Dollar term loan | $ | 1,814,062 |  |  | $ | 1,823,437 |
Less: Discount on term loan | (4,646) |  |  | (5,265) |
Less: Debt issuance costs | (7,960) |  |  | (9,021) |
Total debt, net of discount and debt issuance costs | 1,801,456 |  |  | 1,809,151 |
Less: Current portion of long-term debt | (18,750) |  |  | (18,750) |
Long-term debt, net of current portion | $ | 1,782,706 |  |  | $ | 1,790,401 |

As of June 30, 2025, the Company had an outstanding dollar term loan for a carrying amount of $1,801.5 million and a fair value, based on Level 2 inputs related to fair market value, of $1,823.7 million. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had an outstanding dollar term loan for a carrying amount of $1,809.2 million and a fair value, based on Level 2 inputs related to fair market value, of $1,834.8 million.
Credit Facilities
The Company has a credit agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as agent, for a syndicate of lenders (the “Credit Agreement”). Under the Credit Agreement, the Company borrowed $1.9 billion of dollar term loans (the “Term Facility”) and obtained $250.0 million of commitments under a Revolving Credit Facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility” and, together with the Term Facility, the “Credit Facilities”).
The Term Facility matures on October 29, 2028 and is repayable in quarterly installments of 0.25% of the initial principal amount thereof, with the remaining amount due at maturity. The Revolving Credit Facility matures on October 29, 2026.
The Company may prepay all or part of the Credit Facilities at any time. Subject to certain exceptions and limitations, the Company is required to prepay the Term Facility with the net proceeds of certain occurrences, such as the incurrences of indebtedness not permitted to be incurred under the Credit Agreement, credit sale and leaseback transactions and asset sales. The agreement also requires mandatory prepayments of the Term Facility with excess cash flow as specified in the terms of the Credit Agreement.
On June 11, 2024, the Company refinanced the Credit Agreement with Amendment No. 2 (the “Amendment”), with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as agent, for a syndicate of lenders. The Amendment reduced the applicable margin from 2.75% to 2.25% and eliminated the previous credit spread adjustment effective June 11, 2024. The Amendment is predominantly accounted for as a modification. The loss on any extinguished debt within the syndicate was immaterial. The Company incurred transaction fees of approximately $1.4 million during the second quarter of 2024, which were recorded as a component of Other (expense) income, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Other than the foregoing, the material terms of the Credit Agreement remain unchanged.
Effective June 11, 2024, the borrowings under the Term Facility bear interest, at the Company’s option, either at (i) Term SOFR 1 plus the applicable margin of 2.25% or (ii) the base rate plus 1.25%. The base rate is defined as the highest of (a) the Federal Funds Rate plus one half of 1%, (b) the rate of interest in effect for such day as published by the Wall Street Journal as the “prime rate,” and (c) Adjusted Term SOFR Rate for a one-month interest period plus 1.00%; provided that the base rate shall not be less than 1.00% per annum. Term SOFR is subject to a “floor” of 0% per annum. The Term Facility was issued with 0.125% of original issue discount.
1 Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") is SOFR based on the interest period selected
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INFORMATICA INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Effective June 11, 2024, the Revolving Credit Facility accrues interest at a per annum rate based on either, at the Company’s election, (i) Term SOFR plus the applicable margin for Term SOFR loans ranging between 2.00% and 2.50% based on the Company’s total net first lien leverage ratio or (ii) the base rate plus an applicable margin ranging between 1.00% and 1.50% based on the Company’s total net first lien leverage ratio.
No amounts were outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. There were $1.4 million and $1.4 million of utilized letters of credit under the Revolving Credit Facility at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
The Company guarantees the obligations under the Credit Agreement. All obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by a perfected lien or security interest in substantially all of the Company’s and the guarantors’ tangible and intangible assets. The Credit Agreement also provides for a borrowing facility of $15.0 million, which is available on a same day basis and a letter of credit facility of $30.0 million. The Credit Agreement also includes an uncommitted incremental facility subject to compliance with certain leverage tests and borrowing limits.
Accrued interest is payable (i) quarterly in arrears with respect to base rate loans, (ii) at the end of each interest rate period (or at each three-month interval in the case of loans with interest periods greater than 3 months) with respect to Term SOFR loans, (iii) the date of any repayment or prepayment, and (iv) at maturity (whether by acceleration or otherwise). The Company is also obligated to pay other customary closing fees, arrangement fees, administrative fees, commitment fees, and letter of credit fees. Under the Credit Agreement, a commitment fee is payable on the daily unutilized amount under the Revolving Credit Facility at a per annum rate ranging from 0.35% to 0.25% depending on the Company’s total net first lien leverage ratio.
The Credit Agreement requires that, as of the last day of any fiscal quarter if on such date the aggregate principal amount of all (a) revolving loans, (b) swingline loans, and (c) letter of credit obligations (in excess of $15 million) exceed 35% of the revolving loan commitments, the total net first lien leverage ratio cannot exceed 6.25 to 1.00. The occurrence of an event of default could result in the acceleration of the obligations under the Credit Agreement. Under certain circumstances, a default interest rate equal to 2.00% above the then-applicable interest rate will apply during the existence of an event of default under the Credit Agreement. The Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement as of June 30, 2025.
The Credit Agreement, among other things, limits the ability of the Company and its restricted subsidiaries to incur or guarantee additional indebtedness; pay dividends or make distributions or redeem or repurchase capital stock; prepay, redeem or repurchase certain subordinated debt; make certain loans or investments; create liens; merge or consolidate with another company or transfer or sell assets; enter into restrictions affecting the ability of certain restricted subsidiaries to make distributions, loans or advances to the Company or its restricted subsidiaries; and engage in transactions with affiliates. These covenants are subject to a number of important limitations and exceptions, which are described in the Credit Agreement.
Future minimum principal payments
Future minimum principal payments on the Term Facility as of June 30, 2025 are as follows (in thousands):

Remaining 2025 | 9,375 |
2026 | 18,750 |
2027 | 18,750 |
2028 | 1,767,187 |
Total | $ | 1,814,062 |

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INFORMATICA INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 8. Disaggregation of Revenue, Deferred Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligations, and Credit Risk
The following table presents the disaggregation of revenue by revenue type, consistent with how the Company evaluates its financial performance, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cloud subscription(i) | $ | 209,931 |  |  | $ | 161,422 |  |  | $ | 409,866 |  |  | $ | 312,860 |
Self-managed subscription support and other(i) | 40,964 |  |  | 48,908 |  |  | 82,460 |  |  | 97,499 |
Maintenance(ii) | 102,919 |  |  | 116,482 |  |  | 206,128 |  |  | 234,160 |
Total revenue recognized over time | 353,814 |  |  | 326,812 |  |  | 698,454 |  |  | 644,519 |
Self-managed subscription license recognized at a point in time(i)(iii) | 36,139 |  |  | 53,976 |  |  | 78,718 |  |  | 105,945 |
Total subscription and maintenance revenue | 389,953 |  |  | 380,788 |  |  | 777,172 |  |  | 750,464 |
Professional services(ii) | 17,391 |  |  | 19,837 |  |  | 34,069 |  |  | 38,768 |
Total revenues | $ | 407,344 |  |  | $ | 400,625 |  |  | $ | 811,241 |  |  | $ | 789,232 |

(i) Included in Subscription revenue on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
(ii) Included in Maintenance and Professional services revenue on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
(iii) The Company previously presented Perpetual license revenue separately. Because revenue for perpetual licenses are not material for current or past periods due to the transition to a cloud-only, consumption-driven strategy, the Company has combined these amounts into Self-managed subscription license recognized at a point in time and retrospectively adjusted past periods for comparative purposes.
Revenue recognized over time refers to ratable recognition over the contractual term. Revenue recognized at a point in time refers to recognition upon the later of when the software license is made available or the contractual term commences. Professional services are recognized as services are provided.
Revenue by geographic location for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
North America | $ | 268,714 |  |  | $ | 272,065 |  |  | $ | 541,162 |  |  | $ | 530,120 |
EMEA | 96,602 |  |  | 88,655 |  |  | 189,346 |  |  | 175,365 |
Asia Pacific | 34,325 |  |  | 30,983 |  |  | 65,763 |  |  | 63,962 |
Latin America | 7,703 |  |  | 8,922 |  |  | 14,970 |  |  | 19,785 |
Total revenues | $ | 407,344 |  |  | $ | 400,625 |  |  | $ | 811,241 |  |  | $ | 789,232 |

In the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company’s revenue from customers in the United States was $251.1 million and $256.3 million, respectively. In the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company’s revenue from customers in the United States was $507.5 million and $498.3 million, respectively. No foreign country represented 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Deferred Revenue
As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, deferred revenue was $758.0 million and $833.3 million, respectively.
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INFORMATICA INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The amount of revenues recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 that were included in the opening deferred revenue balance as of January 1, 2025 was approximately $246.8 million and $570.0 million, respectively. The amount of revenues recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 that were included in the opening deferred revenue balance as of January 1, 2024 were approximately $225.2 million and $520.5 million, respectively.
Remaining Performance Obligations from Customer Contracts
As of June 30, 2025, the Company’s remaining performance obligations were $1.73 billion. The Company expects to recognize approximately 65% of its remaining performance obligations at June 30, 2025 as revenues over the next twelve months and the remainder over the next two to three years.
Concentrations of Credit Risk and Credit Evaluations
No customer accounted for more than 10% of revenue during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, no customer accounted for more than 10% of the accounts receivable balance.
Note 9. Capitalized Costs to Obtain a Contract
Capitalized costs to obtain contracts consist primarily of sales commissions and related payroll taxes (together “deferred commissions”). The changes in the capitalized costs to obtain a contract for the six months ended June 30, 2025 were as follows (in thousands):

| Amount
Ending balance as of December 31, 2024 | $ | 249,207 |
Additions, net | 26,921 |
Commissions amortized | (45,129) |
Revaluation | 5,946 |
Ending balance as of June 30, 2025 | $ | 236,945 |

As of June 30, 2025, $87.7 million of deferred commissions balance was included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and $149.2 million of deferred commissions balance was included in other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Note 10. Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company’s earnings and cash flows are subject to market risks as a result of foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate fluctuations. The Company uses derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate fluctuations which is inherent to its ongoing business operations. The Company and its subsidiaries do not enter into derivative contracts for speculative purposes.
Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts
The Company enters into foreign exchange forward contracts in an attempt to reduce the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and designates these contracts as cash flow hedges at inception. The objective is to reduce the volatility of forecasted cash flows and expenses caused by movements in foreign currency exchange rates, in particular the Indian rupee. The Company is currently using foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge the anticipated foreign currency expenses of its subsidiary in India.
The Company recognizes in earnings amounts related to its designated cash flow hedges accumulated in other comprehensive income during the same period in which the corresponding underlying hedged transaction affects earnings. As of June 30, 2025, a net unrealized gain of approximately $0.3 million accumulated in other
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INFORMATICA INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
comprehensive income (loss) is expected to be reclassified into earnings within approximately the next twelve months.
The Company has forecasted the amount of its anticipated foreign currency expenses based on its historical performance and projected financial plan. As of June 30, 2025, the remaining open foreign exchange contracts, carried at fair value, are hedging Indian rupee expenses and have a maturity of twelve months or less. These foreign exchange contracts mature monthly as the foreign currency denominated expenses are paid and any gain or loss is offset against operating expense. Once the hedged item is recognized, the cash flow hedge is de-designated and subsequent changes in value are recognized in other (expense) income, net, to offset changes in the value of the resulting non-functional currency monetary assets or liabilities.
The notional amounts of these foreign exchange forward contracts in U.S. dollar equivalents were to buy $99.7 million and $94.0 million of Indian rupe es as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
Cross-Currency Swap Contracts
Cross-currency swap contracts designated as net investment hedges are used to hedge a portion of the Company's net investment in its European operations. Gains and losses on net investment hedges are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) and will remain there until either the sale or substantially complete liquidation of the hedged operations. The components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized in interest expense, net on the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The Company performed quantitative testing at inception and results proved that the hedge relationship was highly effective. The Company, on quarterly basis, performs qualitative testing validating that hedge relationship remains highly effective, unless quantitative testing is required.
The notional amounts of these cross-currency swap contracts in U.S. dollar equivalents were to sell €300 million of Euro as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Balance Sheet Hedges
Balance Sheet hedges consist of cash flow hedge contracts that have been de-designated and non-designated balance sheet hedges. These foreign exchange contracts are carried at fair value and either did not or no longer qualify for hedge accounting treatment and are not designated as hedging instruments. Changes in the value of the foreign exchange contracts are recognized in other (expense) income, net and offset the foreign currency gain or loss on the underlying net monetary assets or liabilities. The notional amounts of foreign currency purchase contracts open in U.S. dollar equivalents were to buy $11.9 million and $11.8 million of Indian rupees at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. There were no open foreign currency contracts to sell at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
The following table reflects the fair value amounts for designated and non-designated hedging instruments at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

| June 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
Fair Value Derivative Assets(i) |  | Fair Value Derivative Liabilities(ii) |  | Fair Value Derivative Assets(i) |  | Fair Value Derivative Liabilities(ii)
Designated hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forward contracts | $ | 734 |  |  | $ | 297 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,059 |
Cross currency swap contracts | 5,167 |  |  | 31,777 |  |  | 16,147 |  |  | — |
Non-designated hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forward contracts | 57 |  |  | 105 |  |  | — |  |  | 146 |
Total fair value of hedging instruments | $ | 5,958 |  |  | $ | 32,179 |  |  | $ | 16,147 |  |  | $ | 2,205 |

_____________
(i)Included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, and other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(ii)Included in accrued liabilities and other liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The Company presents its derivative assets and derivative liabilities at gross fair values in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. However, under the master netting agreements with the respective counterparties
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INFORMATICA INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
of the foreign exchange contracts, subject to applicable requirements, the Company is allowed to net settle transactions of the same currency with a single net amount payable by one party to the other. The derivatives held by the Company are not subject to any credit contingent features negotiated with its counterparties. The Company is not required to pledge nor is entitled to receive cash collateral related to the above contracts. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no derivative assets or liabilities that were net settled under the master netting agreements.
The Company evaluates prospectively as well as retrospectively the effectiveness of its hedge programs using statistical analysis.
The before-tax effects of derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges on the accumulated other comprehensive loss and condensed consolidated statements of operations for the periods indicated below are as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Gain related to foreign exchange forward contracts | $ | 728 |  |  | $ | 176 |  |  | $ | 1,829 |  |  | $ | 533 |
Amount of gain recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 728 |  |  | $ | 176 |  |  | $ | 1,829 |  |  | $ | 533 |
(Loss) gain included in cost of service revenue | $ | (13) |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | (147) |  |  | $ | 94 |
(Loss) gain included in operating expenses (primarily research and development) | (48) |  |  | 76 |  |  | (519) |  |  | 307 |
Amount of (loss) gain related to foreign exchange forward contracts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into income | $ | (61) |  |  | $ | 97 |  |  | $ | (666) |  |  | $ | 401 |

Gains recognized in interest expense, net, in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the portion of the net investment hedges excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness were $1.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and $3.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. There was none for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.
The before-tax (loss) gain recognized in other (expense) income, net for non-designated foreign currency forward contracts for the periods indicated below are as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
(Loss) gain recognized in other (expense) income, net | $ | (20) |  |  | $ | (6) |  |  | $ | 67 |  |  | $ | (31) |

See Note 5. Fair Value Measurements, and Note 14. Commitments and Contingencies in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Report for a further discussion.
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INFORMATICA INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 11. Stockholders Equity
Common and Preferred Stock
The rights of the holders of Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock are identical in all respects, except that Class B-1 common stock will not vote on the election or removal of directors. The holders of Class B-2 common stock have no participating rights (voting or otherwise), except for the right to vote on the election or removal of directors and will be entitled to a nominal annual dividend of CAD$15,000 in the aggregate.
Equity Incentive Plans
The Company’s equity incentive plans are administered by the Compensation Committee. The Company adopted the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”) and most recently amended and restated the 2015 Plan in October 2021.
Under the 2015 Plan, the Company issued equity awards in the form of options to acquire shares of the Company. The options are not intended to qualify as incentive stock options within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code. The term of the options granted under this plan is ten years with a vesting requirement of continued employment through the applicable vesting date, and in certain cases attainment of performance criteria (“performance-based options”). In connection with the adoption of the 2021 Plan (as defined below), the 2015 Plan was terminated with respect to future awards. The 2015 Plan continues to govern awards that were granted prior to the effectiveness of the 2021 Plan.
In October 2021, the Company’s Compensation Committee adopted, and its stockholders approved, the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2021 Plan"), which became effective in connection with the initial public offering in 2021 (the “IPO”). As of June 30, 2025, a total of approximately 90.9 million shares of the Company’s Class A common stock has been reserved for issuance under the 2021 Plan. In addition, the shares reserved for issuance under the 2021 Plan includes any shares subject to awards granted under the 2015 Plan that, after the date the 2015 Plan was terminated, are cancelled, expire or otherwise terminate without having been exercised in full, are tendered to or withheld by the Company for payment of an exercise price or for tax withholding obligations, or are forfeited to or repurchased by the Company due to failure to vest (provided that the maximum number of shares that may be added to the 2021 Plan pursuant to this provision is 26,288,211 shares).
Option Awards
The following table summarizes the option award activity for the six months ended June 30, 2025 (in thousands, except share price, fair value and term):

| Number of Options |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
| Total |  | Service based |  | Performance- based |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2024 | 12,201 |  |  | 7,759 |  |  | 4,442 |  |  | $ | 17.66 |  |  | 4.78 |  | $ | 100,945 |
Exercised | (1,478) |  |  | (1,210) |  |  | (268) |  |  | $ | 16.21 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited or expired | (175) |  |  | (65) |  |  | (110) |  |  | $ | 19.25 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at June 30, 2025 | 10,548 |  |  | 6,484 |  |  | 4,064 |  |  | $ | 17.83 |  |  | 4.34 |  | $ | 70,038 |

As of June 30, 2025, total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested options was $0.4 million and is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average vesting period of 0.25 years.
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INFORMATICA INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) and Performance Stock Units (“PSUs”)
The Company issues RSUs to employees and directors under the 2021 Plan. RSUs vest upon the satisfaction of a service-based vesting condition only. The service-based condition for the majority of the employee awards is generally satisfied pro-rata over two to four years.
The Company also issues PSUs to employees under the 2021 Plan. PSUs that are granted are subject to vesting based on certain performance metrics or on attainment of specified stock prices, measured over the performance period. The PSU awards granted to employees under the 2021 Plan typically vest over 3 years and are subject to forfeiture in whole if employment terminates, or in whole or in part, if specified vesting conditions are not satisfied in each case prior to vesting. PSUs are not considered issued or outstanding common stock until they vest.
The following table summarizes RSU and PSU activity and related information during the six months ended June 30, 2025 under the 2021 Plan (in thousands, except share price):

| Number of Shares |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 | 14,057 |  |  | $ | 23.73 |
Granted | 12,680 |  |  | 17.71 |
Vested | (6,014) |  |  | 22.41 |
Forfeited | (1,109) |  |  | 25.16 |
Unvested and outstanding as of June 30, 2025 | 19,614 |  |  | $ | 20.16 |

As of June 30, 2025, the total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the RSUs and PSUs outstanding was $333.8 million and is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average vesting period of 1.88 years.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”)
In October 2021, the Company’s Compensation Committee approved the ESPP, which became effective in connection with the IPO. The ESPP authorizes the issuance of shares of Class A common stock pursuant to purchase rights granted to employees. As of June 30, 2025, a total of 17.1 million shares of the Company’s Class A common stock has been reserved for issuance under the ESPP.
Under the ESPP, eligible employees are able to acquire shares of Class A common stock by accumulating funds through payroll deductions. Offering periods are generally twelve months long and begin on March 1 and September 1 of each year. The purchase price for shares of the Company’s Class A common stock purchased under the ESPP is 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of the Company’s Class A common stock on (i) the first trading day of the applicable offering period and (ii) the last trading day of each purchase period in the applicable offering period. The ESPP also includes a reset provision for the purchase price if the stock price on the purchase date is less than the stock price on the first date of the offering period.
As of June 30, 2025, the total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP was $7.3 million and is expected to be recognized over the remaining offering period.
Summary of Assumptions for ESPP
The following table summarizes the weighted-average assumptions used in estimating the fair value of the ESPP for the offering periods during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 using the Black-Scholes pricing model:
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INFORMATICA INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024
ESPP: |  |  |
Expected term (in years) | 0.5 - 1.0 |  | 0.5 - 1.0
Expected volatility | 38.8% - 44.3% |  | 40.3% - 43.5%
Risk-free interest rate | 4.1% - 4.3% |  | 4.9% - 5.3%
Expected dividend rate | —% |  | —%
Fair value of common stock | $18.60 |  | $32.46

Share Repurchase
On February 10, 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) approved a new share repurchase authorization which enables the Company to repurchase up to an additional $400 million of its Class A common stock through privately-negotiated purchases with individual holders or in the open market, bringing the aggregate authorized repurchase amount to $800 million.
During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company repurchased 4.9 million shares at a weighted average price of $20.48 per share for a total amount of $100.0 million. There were no stock repurchases pending settlement and no stock repurchases pending retirement as of June 30, 2025. There were no repurchases for the six months ended June 30, 2024.
Stock Compensation
The stock-based compensation for all equity awards for the periods indicated below are as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Cost of revenues | $ | 8,388 |  |  | $ | 9,323 |  |  | $ | 16,114 |  |  | $ | 17,476 |
Research and development | 22,038 |  |  | 16,257 |  |  | 39,461 |  |  | 34,493 |
Sales and marketing | 22,591 |  |  | 21,021 |  |  | 41,877 |  |  | 39,963 |
General and administrative | 17,375 |  |  | 18,898 |  |  | 33,118 |  |  | 37,668 |
Total stock-based compensation | $ | 70,392 |  |  | $ | 65,499 |  |  | $ | 130,570 |  |  | $ | 129,600 |

Note 12. Income Taxes
The Company computes its income tax provision for interim periods by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate to year-to-date pre-tax income or loss from recurring operations and adjusting for discrete tax items arising in that quarter. The Company's income tax benefit was $30.8 million on pretax losses of $35.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and income tax benefit of $30.2 million on pretax losses of $33.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, which resulted in an effective tax rate of 87% and 90%, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate differs from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to an increase in its valuation allowance and to a lesser extent from foreign income taxed at different rates and non-deductible stock-based compensation.
The Company’s income tax benefit was $19.1 million on pretax losses of $14.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and income tax benefit of $44.5 million on pretax losses of $30.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, which resulted in an effective tax rate of 134% and 147%, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate differs from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the Company’s projected full-year pretax income and its recorded pretax loss for the interim period ended June 30, 2024.
ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes, provides for the recognition of deferred tax assets if realization of such assets is more likely than not. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance as of June 30, 2025, the Company considered all available evidence both positive and negative, including potential for prudent and
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INFORMATICA INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
feasible tax planning strategies. As a result of this analysis for the six months ended June 30, 2025, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company’s deferred tax assets, after recorded valuation allowances for its U.S. Federal and State deferred tax assets, and operating loss carryforwards in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions, will be realized.
Note 13. Net (Loss) Income Per Share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net (loss) income per share (in thousands, except per share data):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Net (loss) income | $ | (4,649) |  |  | $ | 4,828 |  |  | $ | (3,309) |  |  | $ | 14,162 |
Weighted-average shares used in computing net (loss) income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 302,949 |  |  | 300,930 |  |  | 302,811 |  |  | 298,913 |
Effect of dilutive securities | — |  |  | 14,004 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,803 |
Diluted | 302,949 |  |  | 314,934 |  |  | 302,811 |  |  | 313,716 |
Net (loss) income per share attributable to Class A and Class B-1 common stockholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | (0.02) |  |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | $ | (0.01) |  |  | $ | 0.05 |
Diluted | $ | (0.02) |  |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | $ | (0.01) |  |  | $ | 0.05 |

The following potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the computation of diluted net (loss) income per share calculations for the periods presented because the impact of including them would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands):

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Stock options outstanding | 1,642 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,939 |  |  | — |
RSUs | 3,055 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 2,578 |  |  | 7 |
PSUs | 787 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,036 |  |  | — |
ESPP | 37 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 151 |  |  | 54 |

Note 14. Commitments and Contingencies
Long-Term Purchase Obligations
As of June 30, 2025, the Company had long-term purchase obligations of approximately $173.0 million, primarily related to multi-year contracts with third party vendors for cloud services related to its subscription services and software as a service commitments. The expected payments under these commitments total approximately $86.0 million and $87.0 million over the next 1 year and 1-3 years, respectively.
Merger Contingencies
In connection with the pending Merger (as defined in Note 1. Organization and Description of Business), the Company could incur additional liabilities of approximately $40.0 million that are subject to the consummation of the Merger. The contingent liabilities pertain to certain retention bonuses, which will become payable upon consummation of the Merger.
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INFORMATICA INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Warranties
The Company generally provides product warranties. These are not separate performance obligations and are outside the scope of ASC 606. To date, the Company’s product warranty expense and obligations have not been material.
The Company’s customer agreements generally include certain provisions for indemnifying the customer against losses, expenses, liabilities, and damages that may be awarded against the customer in the event the Company’s product is found to infringe upon a patent, copyright, trademark, or other proprietary right of a third party. The agreements generally limit the scope of and remedies for such indemnification obligations in a variety of industry-standard respects, including but not limited to certain time and scope limitations and a right to replace an infringing product with a non-infringing product.
The Company believes its internal development processes and other policies and practices limit its exposure related to these indemnification provisions. In addition, the Company requires its employees to sign a proprietary information and inventions agreement, which assigns the rights to its employees’ development work to the Company. To date, the Company has not had to reimburse any of its customers for any losses related to these indemnification provisions, and no material claims against the Company are outstanding as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The Company cannot determine the maximum amount of potential future payments, if any, related to such indemnification provisions due to the limited and infrequent history of prior indemnification claims.
As permitted under Delaware law, the Company has agreements whereby the Company indemnifies its officers and directors for certain events or occurrences while the officer or director is, or was serving, at the Company’s request, in such capacity. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited; however, the Company has director and officer insurance coverage that reduces the Company’s exposure and enables the Company to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. The Company believes the estimated fair value of these indemnification agreements in excess of applicable insurance coverage is minimal.
The Company accrues for loss contingencies when available information indicates that it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.
Litigation
The Company is a party to various legal proceedings and claims arising from the normal course of its business activities, including proceedings and claims related to employment and intellectual property related matters.
The Company reviews the status of each matter and records a provision for a liability when it is considered both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. These provisions are reviewed quarterly and adjusted as additional information becomes available. If both of the criteria are not met, the Company assesses whether there is at least a reasonable possibility that a loss, or additional losses, may be incurred. If there is a reasonable possibility that a material loss may be incurred, the Company discloses the estimate of the possible loss, range of loss, or a statement that such an estimate cannot be made.
Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties. Were an unfavorable outcome to occur, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operation for the period in which the unfavorable outcome occurred, and potentially in future periods.
Note 15. Subsequent Events
On July 4, 2025, the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” was enacted, making significant changes to the U.S. tax code, including revisions to provisions originally introduced by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. Among other changes, the legislation allows immediate expensing of U.S.-based research and development costs under Internal Revenue Code §174. Certain provisions are effective for tax years beginning on or after January 1,
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INFORMATICA INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2025. As the law was enacted after the balance sheet date, no adjustments have been made. The Company is evaluating the potential impacts of the legislation on our consolidated financial statements.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Report and our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes and the discussion under the heading "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" for the year ended December 31, 2024 included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 and filed with the SEC on February 25, 2025. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed below. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below and those discussed in the sections titled “Risk Factors” and “Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” included elsewhere in this Report.
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Proposed Transaction with Salesforce
On May 26, 2025, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Salesforce, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Salesforce”) and Phoenix I Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Salesforce (“Merger Sub”). Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, and upon the terms and subject to the conditions therein, Merger Sub will be merged with and into us, with us continuing as the surviving corporation and as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Salesforce (the “Merger”), and Merger Sub will cease to exist.
At the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”), (a) each issued and outstanding share of Class A common stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Class A common stock”) and Class B-1 common stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Class B-1 common stock”) (other than any of the shares described in the next sentence) issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time will be converted into the right to receive $25.00 per share in cash, without interest (the “Class A and Class B-1 Merger Consideration”), and (b) each issued and outstanding share of Class B-2 common stock, $0.00001 par value per share, of our issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time will be converted into the right to receive $0.0000100115 per share in cash, without interest (the “Class B-2 Merger Consideration” and together with the Class A and Class B-1 Merger Consideration, the “Merger Consideration”). However, the Merger Consideration will not be paid, nor will any distribution be made, in respect of any shares of our Class A common stock or Class B-1 common stock owned immediately prior to the Effective Time by (1) us (including our treasury shares), Merger Sub, Salesforce or any direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Salesforce, which at the Effective Time will automatically be cancelled without any conversion thereof, and (2) stockholders or beneficial owners of shares of our common stock who have neither voted in favor of the Merger nor consented thereto in writing and who have properly and timely demanded appraisal for such shares in accordance with Section 262 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”, and such shares, the “Dissenting Shares”). At the Effective Time, holders of any Dissenting Shares will be entitled only to such rights as are granted by the DGCL. From and after the Effective Time, all shares of our common stock shall cease to be issued and outstanding and shall automatically be cancelled and retired and shall cease to exist. As a result of the Merger, we will cease to be a publicly-traded company.
The Merger Agreement and Merger Consideration have been approved by the boards of directors of both Salesforce and us. The Merger Agreement and the Merger also have been approved by EvomLux S.à.r.l., Ithaca L.P. (together, “Permira”) and Canada Pension Plan Investment (“CPP Investments”) (each a "Sponsor" and together "the Sponsors"), which together hold a majority of the outstanding shares of Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock. As a result, no further approval of our stockholders is required under applicable law, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or the Merger Agreement to adopt the Merger Agreement. The Merger is expected to close early in Salesforce’s fiscal year 2027, which begins on February 1, 2026, subject to the receipt of required regulatory clearances and satisfaction of other customary closing conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement.
The Merger Agreement contains certain customary termination rights for us and Salesforce and provides that a termination fee of $253 million will be payable by us to Salesforce upon termination of the Merger Agreement under certain circumstances, including where Salesforce terminates the Merger Agreement as a result of our breach of the Merger Agreement following receipt of a bona fide acquisition proposal that has not been withdrawn at least three business days prior to the date of such termination, and within 12 months of such termination, we enter into a definitive agreement providing for an acquisition proposal or consummates an acquisition proposal. In certain circumstances, a regulatory termination fee of$363 million will be payable by Salesforce to us in the event that the Merger Agreement is terminated due to the failure to obtain certain required regulatory approvals.
The foregoing summary of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the full text of the Merger Agreement, which is filed as Exhibit 2.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2025, and incorporated by reference herein.
Overview
We have pioneered a new category of software, the Intelligent Data Management Cloud (“IDMC”). IDMC is our artificial intelligence (“AI”) powered platform that connects, manages, and unifies data across any public cloud or hybrid cloud environment, empowering enterprises to modernize and advance their data strategies.
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We generate revenues from the sale of subscriptions for our software products, maintenance agreements supporting perpetual licenses mainly sold in prior periods, and professional services. We have grown our subscription revenue to $571.0 million and $516.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
We previously presented Subscriptions and Perpetual license revenues separately on our condensed consolidated statement of operations. Because revenues for perpetual licenses are not material for current or past periods due to our transition to a cloud-only, consumption-driven strategy, we combined these amounts and have retrospectively adjusted past periods for comparative purposes. We continue to renew our maintenance contracts related to the perpetual licenses sold in prior periods and recognize maintenance revenue which is presented as a part of Maintenance and professional services on our condensed consolidated statement of operations.
Our products can be subscribed to as individually distinct product families or together as an integrated platform to support complex data management needs and mission critical workloads. Our products are subscribed through contracts primarily with a one-, two- or three-year term, with an average contract term of approximately two years for the quarter ending June 30, 2025. Substantially all of our subscription customers pay us annual fees in advance at the start of each contract year. We recognize revenue from our cloud subscription on a ratable basis over the contract term. We generally recognize the majority of the revenue from our self-managed subscription-based licenses at the start of the contract term. The remaining portion of self-managed subscription fees attributable to related support services are generally recognized on a ratable basis over the contract term.
We use a consumption-based pricing model to provide customers greater flexibility regarding use and consumption of a broad array of our cloud subscription offerings. The consumption-based pricing model is based on Informatica Processing Units (“IPUs”), which is an innovative way to measure the consumption of our cloud-based services, or Master Data Management (“MDM”) records. Under the consumption-based model, customers pre-purchase a maximum number of IPUs to be consumed per month, or MDM records to be managed, over the subscription term.
In the first quarter of 2023, we introduced a variation of the IPU consumption-based pricing model called Flex IPUs. Under this model, customers pre-purchase a number of Flex IPUs to be consumed per year of the subscription term. Additional fees are charged for incremental IPUs consumed above the annual maximum, if the customer’s usage requires it.
Our maintenance revenues consist of recurring maintenance fees related to perpetual licenses mainly sold in prior periods. Our recurring maintenance fees grant our customers access to software updates and support for our perpetual license products.
We generate professional services revenues through one-time fees associated with implementation, education, and consulting services related to our software products. We recognized $240.2 million and $272.9 million of maintenance and professional services revenues during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
We market and sell our subscription products primarily through our global direct sales team, which is enhanced by our relationships and collaboration with our partners that include global system integrators such as Deloitte and Accenture, hyperscale cloud platform providers such as AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud and Oracle Cloud, and other channel partners such as value added resellers and distributors. Our sales organization consists of marketing, sales development, inside sales, and field sales personnel. It is generally organized by region, customer size and certain industry verticals. Cloud hyperscalers help us amplify our commercial reach when we jointly engage in cloud modernization efforts. In addition, our global system integrator partners provide implementation services for our products for customers as part of their support of broader, overall cloud modernization initiatives.
Historically, we have focused our selling efforts on executives such as chief information officers (“CIO”) and chief data officers (“CDO”) who are often making decisions to subscribe to our products for their most important business initiatives. CIOs adopt our platform as part of their analytics and AI projects, cloud migration journey, application modernization efforts, and business 360 initiatives. CDOs utilize our products as part of their overall data governance, access, and security strategies in order to democratize data access for everyone across the company.
We employ a “land and expand” model to increase sales to our existing customer base. Once customers have purchased IPUs to utilize our products—for example, Data Integration—they often identify additional use
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cases for our software and expand their use of our products accordingly. For example, as a customer seeks to expand the distribution of data-centric reports powered by our data integration solutions to a broader set of internal or external users, enhanced levels of data quality and control may be required, prompting subscription to our Data Quality and Data Governance families of products. We also market our cloud subscription to our large installed base of perpetual license maintenance and self-managed subscription license customers, enabling them to advance their cloud modernization efforts to migrate existing processes and net new workloads from costly-to-maintain on-premises IT infrastructure to lower-cost cloud architecture. In 2023, we released PowerCenter Cloud Edition to accelerate and automate much of the migration effort associated with modernizing from on-premises PowerCenter to IDMC and in 2025, we announced a timeline for the end of standard support for our on-premises PowerCenter offering. To date, we have signed agreements to migrate approximately 13.1% of that installed base maintenance and self-managed on-premises revenue to our cloud solution.
Purchasing patterns for our products have followed quarterly and seasonal trends that we expect to continue. We typically sell a substantial portion of our cloud services in the last month of each quarter, and demand for our products and professional services are generally highest in the fourth quarter and lowest in the first quarter of each year.
Factors Affecting Our Performance
We believe that the growth of our business and our future success are dependent upon many factors, including those described below, as well as the proposed acquisition by Salesforce. While each of these factors presents significant opportunities for us, these factors also pose important challenges that we must successfully address in order to sustain the growth of our business and improve our results of operations.
Continued Adoption of our Cloud Subscription Offerings. Our success will largely depend on customers’ continued uptake of our cloud subscription offerings. Our success will also largely depend on the value businesses place on data management as part of their overall digital transformation initiatives and the timing and willingness of businesses to move their data and workloads to the cloud. As companies from all industries continue to shift to cloud-based services, we believe demand for our platform and cloud subscription offerings will increase. A large majority of our subscription products were architected to be deployed natively in public, private, or hybrid cloud environments. In addition, we assist our customers with migrations of their Informatica self-managed data integration, data quality and MDM installations to our corresponding cloud solutions. Our future growth will depend in part on our ability to develop new market-leading cloud subscription offerings to expand the offerings in our platform.
New Customer Acquisition. Our future growth depends in part on our ability to acquire new customers. Our ability to attract new customers will depend in part on our ability to continue to compete effectively against a variety of different vendors who offer existing data management products, as well as our ability to convert companies into paying customers who are using custom-built solutions. Additionally, we will continue to rely on our sales and marketing team to effectively and efficiently identify and engage with prospective customers, increase brand awareness, and drive adoption of our products. We also have a business development team for our go-to-market strategy that is focused on growing adoption of our products by targeting key business personnel adjacent to technical roles.
Expansion Within our Customer Base. Our business depends, in part, on our ability to expand within our large existing customer base by adding new products, addressing cloud modernization initiatives, and growing with our customers’ overall data footprint. We have successfully expanded our existing customers’ adoption of our platform through upselling and cross-selling, as evidenced by our Cloud Subscription NRR (as defined below in Key Business Metrics), which was 120% and 126% at the Global Parent Level (as defined below in Key Business Metrics) for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. We continuously focus on increasing the value our customers derive from our platform and often become a strategic vendor to them in the process.
Retention of Existing Customers. Our business also depends, in part, on our ability to retain our existing customer base. We typically enjoy a high customer renewal rate, which we attribute to the fact that our products are embedded in mission-critical applications, as well as the fact that we have an expansive product portfolio and world-class customer success organization. For example, as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, our
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maintenance renewal rate 1 was 89% and 96%, respectively. We intend to continue investing in our products and customer success organization to maintain these favorable retention rates.
Investment in Partner Go-to-Market Efforts. Our business and results of operations will also be significantly affected by our success in strengthening our relationships with strategic partners, including cloud hyperscalers; cloud partners; global system integrators (“GSI”); and other channel partners such as regional system integrators, value-added resellers and distributors. We believe further developing these key strategic relationships will help us scale and enhance co-selling of our products and services with these partners. Many of our GSI partners have built Centers of Excellence inside their Data and AI practices and have staffed them with Informatica IDMC skilled resources and many have also built solutions which include Informatica in the standard architecture. These developments have helped to expand our footprint with our largest partners and to be recommended more often and in more customer accounts. We plan to continue to strengthen and expand our network of strategic partners to increase sales to both new and existing customers and offer new and existing products on partner marketplaces. We believe that investing in sales enablement and co-selling efforts with our strategic partners will broaden our distribution footprint globally and extend and improve our engagement with a broad set of prospective customers.
Global Macroeconomic Factors. Uncertainty in the macroeconomic environment, including interest rate volatility, shifting foreign exchange rates, and geopolitical pressures, including the war in Ukraine and the conflicts in the Middle East, and associated global economic conditions, including international trade regulations and tariffs, have resulted in volatility in credit, equity, and foreign currency markets. These macroeconomic conditions have and are likely to continue to adversely affect the buying patterns of our customers and prospective customers, including the length of sales cycles, our overall pipeline and pipeline conversion rates, and our revenue growth expectations. For example, beginning in the second quarter of 2022, and continuing through 2025, we have experienced an impact from the current macroeconomic environment as prospective and existing customers applied elevated levels of scrutiny to purchasing decisions that adversely impacted the ability to close new business. We experienced these headwinds at an increasing magnitude beginning in the third quarter of 2022, and we expect some or all of the global macroeconomic factors will continue to impact our operations.
Refer to the section titled “Risk Factors” for further discussion of the possible impact of the global macroeconomic factors on our business.
Key Business Metrics and Non-GAAP Financial Measure
We review a number of operating and financial metrics, including the following unaudited key business metrics and non-GAAP financial measure to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate business plans, and make strategic decisions.

| June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024
| (in thousands, except percentages)
Cloud Subscription Annual Recurring Revenue | $ | 900,963 |  |  | $ | 702,600 |
Self-managed Subscription Annual Recurring Revenue | 399,177 |  |  | 493,935 |
Maintenance Annual Recurring Revenue on Perpetual Licenses | 419,548 |  |  | 471,697 |
Total Annual Recurring Revenue | $ | 1,719,688 |  |  | $ | 1,668,232 |
Cloud Subscription Net Retention Rate (Global Parent level) | 120 | % |  | 126 | %

1 We compute the maintenance renewal rate by assessing the annual value of maintenance contracts for perpetual licenses that expire or have an anniversary date within the current quarter (denominator) and compare this to the annual renewed value or amount not cancelled for that set of contracts, including price uplifts, if any, realized on renewed contracts (numerator). The maintenance renewal rate includes the impact from customer churn from modernizations due to migration to cloud offerings. We typically allow for a grace period of up to six months past the original contract expiration quarter during which we engage in the renewal process before we report the contract as lost/inactive. This grace-period renewal amount has been an immaterial portion over the last three years. If there is an actual cancellation for a maintenance contract, we count that amount as removed from the numerator in that period. If a customer cancels a maintenance contract and migrates the underlying product to one of our cloud subscription, this loss of maintenance would be counted as a cancellation and reduce our maintenance renewal rate.
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Key Business Metrics
Annual Recurring Revenue
Annual Recurring Revenue (“ARR”) represents the expected annual billing amounts from all active maintenance and subscription agreements. ARR is calculated based on the contract Monthly Recurring Revenue (“MRR”) multiplied by 12. MRR is calculated based on the accounting adjusted total contract value divided by the number of months of the agreement based on the start and end dates of each contracted line item. The aggregate ARR calculated at the end of each reported period represents the value of all contracts that are active as of the end of the period, including those contracts that have expired but are still under negotiation for renewal. We typically allow for a grace period of up to 6 months past the original contract expiration quarter during which we engage in the renewal process before we report the contract as lost /inactive. This grace-period ARR amount has been approximately 2% or less of the reported ARR in each period presented. If there is an actual cancellation of an ARR contract, we remove that ARR value at that time.
We believe ARR is an important metric for understanding our business since it tracks the annualized cash value collected over a 12-month period for all of our recurring contracts, irrespective of whether it is a maintenance contract on a perpetual license, a ratable cloud contract, or a self-managed term-based subscription license. ARR should be viewed independently of total revenue and deferred revenue related to our subscription and services contracts and is not intended to be combined with or to replace either of those items.
Cloud Subscription Annual Recurring Revenue
Cloud Subscription Annual Recurring Revenue (“Cloud Subscription ARR”) represents the portion of ARR that is attributable to our hosted cloud contracts.
We believe that Cloud Subscription ARR is a helpful metric for understanding our business since it represents the approximate annualized cash value collected over a 12-month period for all of our recurring Cloud contracts. Cloud Subscription ARR should be viewed independently of cloud subscription revenue and deferred revenue related to our subscription contracts and is not intended to be combined with or to replace either of those items.
Self-managed Subscription Annual Recurring Revenue
Self-managed Subscription Annual Recurring Revenue ("Self-Managed Subscription ARR") represents the portion of ARR that is attributable to our self-managed subscription contracts.
We believe that Self-Managed Subscription ARR is a helpful metric for understanding our business since it represents the approximate annualized cash value collected over a 12-month period for all of our recurring self-managed subscription contracts. Self-Managed Subscription ARR should be viewed independently of subscription revenue and deferred revenue related to our subscription contracts and is not intended to be combined with or to replace either of those items. As we continue to shift our focus from perpetual to cloud, we expect Self-managed Subscription ARR will decrease in future quarters.
Maintenance Annual Recurring Revenue
Maintenance Annual Recurring Revenue (“Maintenance ARR”) represents the portion of ARR only attributable to our maintenance contracts.
We believe that Maintenance ARR is a helpful metric for understanding our business since it represents the approximate annualized cash value collected over a 12-month period for all our maintenance contracts. Maintenance ARR includes maintenance contracts supporting our perpetual licenses. Maintenance ARR should be viewed independently of maintenance revenue and deferred revenue related to our maintenance contracts and is not intended to be combined with or to replace either of those items. As we continue to shift our focus from perpetual to cloud, we expect Maintenance ARR will decrease in future quarters.
Cloud Subscription Net Retention Rate
Cloud Subscription Net Retention Rate (“Cloud Subscription NRR”) compares the contract value for Cloud Subscription ARR from the same set of customers at the end of a period compared to the prior year. We treat divisions, segments, or subsidiaries of a company as one customer when defining the Global Parent level. Global Parent customers are determined using Dun & Bradstreet GDUNS identifiers. To calculate our Cloud Subscription NRR for a particular period, we first establish the Cloud Subscription ARR value at the end of the
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prior year period. We subsequently measure the Cloud Subscription ARR value at the end of the current period from the same cohort of customers. Cloud Subscription NRR is then calculated by dividing the aggregate Cloud Subscription ARR in the current period by the prior year period. An increase in the Cloud Subscription NRR occurs as a result of price increases on existing contracts, higher consumption of existing products, and sales of additional new subscription products to existing customers exceeding losses from subscription contracts due to price decreases, usage decreases and cancellations. We believe Cloud Subscription NRR is an important metric for understanding our business since it measures the rate at which we are able to sell additional products into our cloud subscription customer base.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In addition to our results determined in accordance with GAAP in the United States, we believe the following non-GAAP measure is useful in evaluating our operating performance. We use the following non-GAAP financial information to evaluate our ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting purposes. We believe that non-GAAP financial information, when taken collectively, may be helpful to investors because it provides consistency and comparability with past financial performance. However, non-GAAP financial information is presented for supplemental informational purposes only, has limitations as an analytical tool and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial information presented in accordance with GAAP. In addition, other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate similarly titled non-GAAP measures differently or may use other measures to evaluate their performance, all of which could reduce the usefulness of our non-GAAP financial measure as tools for comparison. A reconciliation is provided below for our non-GAAP financial measure to the most directly comparable financial measure stated in accordance with GAAP. Investors are encouraged to review the related GAAP financial measures and the reconciliation of this non-GAAP financial measure to its most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, and not to rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.
Adjusted EBITDA
We define adjusted EBITDA as GAAP net (loss) income as adjusted for income tax benefit (expense), interest income, interest expense, debt refinancing costs, other income (expense) net, stock-based compensation-related charges, including employer payroll tax-related items on employee stock transactions, amortization of intangibles, facility impairment, expenses associated with restructuring efforts, expenses associated with acquisitions, sponsor-related costs and depreciation. We believe adjusted EBITDA is an important metric for understanding our business to assess our relative profitability adjusted for balance sheet debt levels.

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
| (in thousands)
GAAP net (loss) income | $ | (4,649) |  |  | $ | 4,828 |  |  | $ | (3,309) |  |  | $ | 14,162 |
Income tax benefit | (30,807) |  |  | (19,081) |  |  | (30,187) |  |  | (44,545) |
Interest income | (13,004) |  |  | (13,765) |  |  | (26,260) |  |  | (27,172) |
Interest expense | 29,552 |  |  | 38,333 |  |  | 59,009 |  |  | 77,430 |
Debt refinancing costs | — |  |  | 1,366 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,366 |
Other expense (income), net | 18,819 |  |  | (2,217) |  |  | 34,485 |  |  | (8,552) |
Stock-based compensation-related charges | 71,886 |  |  | 68,576 |  |  | 133,502 |  |  | 132,677 |
Amortization of intangibles | 25,548 |  |  | 32,745 |  |  | 50,870 |  |  | 65,518 |
Facility impairment | — |  |  | — |  |  | 624 |  |  | — |
Restructuring | — |  |  | 899 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,254 |
Acquisition-related costs | 12,028 |  |  | 2,403 |  |  | 12,028 |  |  | 7,205 |
Sponsor-related costs | — |  |  | 773 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 773 |
Depreciation | 3,301 |  |  | 3,853 |  |  | 6,605 |  |  | 6,071 |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 112,674 |  |  | $ | 118,713 |  |  | $ | 237,543 |  |  | $ | 230,187 |

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Components of Results of Operations
Subscription Revenues
Subscription Revenues. Subscription revenues consist of revenues from customers from cloud subscription, self-managed subscription licenses, self-managed subscription support and other. We previously presented Subscriptions and Perpetual license revenues separately on our condensed statement of operations. Because revenue for perpetual licenses are not material for current or past periods due to our transition to a cloud-only, consumption-driven strategy, we combined these amounts and have retrospectively adjusted past periods for comparative purposes. Revenues from our cloud subscription are recognized over time on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the date that the service is made available to the customer or on the date the contractual term commences, if later. The Company’s cloud subscription include cloud functionalities and, for most products, also a secure agent that is installed in a customer’s environment, either on their third-party cloud infrastructure or on a customer’s premises. The secure agent performs tasks and enables secure communication behind a customer’s firewall with the cloud functionalities. For these products, customers are not able to use either the cloud functionalities or secure agent for their intended purpose on their own without use of the other component. The cloud functionalities and secure agent are accounted for together as a single performance obligation because we have concluded that the cloud functionalities and secure agent are highly interdependent and interrelated based on the significant two-way dependency between the components. The majority of the revenues expected over the term of our self-managed subscription licenses is recognized at a point in time upon transfer of control of the license to the customer. Support and other services sold with self-managed subscription licenses are recognized over time on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the date the service is made available to the customer. In general, new subscription contracts are typically one to three years in length, with an average contract duration of approximately two years. However, we have experienced and expect to continue to experience a reduction in contract duration for self-managed subscription license renewals, which would reduce the amount of revenue that we recognize upfront on renewal transactions. Our subscription software fees are typically billed annually in advance in equal installments across the term of the contracts for both cloud and self-managed subscriptions.
Maintenance and Professional Services Revenues
Maintenance Revenues. Maintenance revenue, which consists of fees for ongoing support and product updates mainly for our previously sold perpetual licenses, is recognized ratably over the term of the contract, typically one year. Maintenance contracts are generally billed annually in advance. We expect our maintenance revenues to gradually decrease over time as we have ceased actively selling new perpetual licenses and our customers are expected to transition over time to our subscription-based licensing model and adopt our cloud subscription offerings.
Professional Services Revenues. Professional services revenues consist of non-recurring fees associated with implementation, education, and consulting services related to our software products. Consulting revenues are primarily related to configuration, installation, and implementation of our products. These services are generally performed on a time-and-materials basis and, accordingly, revenues are recognized as the services are performed. Consulting services, if included as part of the software arrangement, generally do not entail significant modification or customization of the software and hence, such services are not considered essential to the functionality of the software. Education service revenues are generated from classes offered at our headquarters, sales and training offices, customer locations, and online. Revenues are recognized as the classes are delivered or when the subscription period ends. We believe that our consulting and education services organization facilitates the adoption of our service offerings, helps us to secure larger subscription revenue contracts, and supports our customers' success. We expect professional services revenues to continue to decrease as a result of our strategy to shift more of our customers' implementation and support work to our professional services partners.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of Subscription Revenues. Cost of subscription revenues consists primarily of fees paid to third-party vendors for cloud services related to our subscription services, fees paid to third parties for software used by us to deliver, monitor and secure our subscription products, salaries, stock-based compensation, and other
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internal personnel-related expenses to operate and secure our hosting infrastructure; and royalties paid to postal authorities for address data and other vendors that provide content for our data-as-a-service offerings. In addition, these expenses include costs which are personnel-related expenses from our IT, Facilities and Procurement functions and expenses related to occupancy and enterprise systems allocated based on headcount (“Shared Costs”).
Cost of Maintenance and Professional Services Revenues. Our cost of service revenues is a combination of costs of maintenance, consulting and education services revenues. Our cost of maintenance revenues consists primarily of costs associated with customer service salaries, stock-based compensation and other personnel-related expenses, and royalty fees for maintenance related to third-party software providers. Cost of consulting revenues consists primarily of salaries, stock-based compensation and other personnel-related expenses, subcontractor costs and travel, entertainment, Shared Costs, and other expenses. Cost of education services revenues consists primarily of the costs of providing education classes and materials at our headquarters, sales and training offices and customer locations.
Amortization of Acquired Technology. Amortization of acquired technology is the amortization of technologies recorded primarily as a result of the 2015 transaction where the Company was taken private by our Sponsors (the “2015 Privatization Transaction”) and, to a lesser extent, from business acquisitions and acquired technology licenses.
Operating Expenses
Research and Development
Our research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and other personnel-related expenses, stock-based compensation, outside services, travel expenses, Shared Costs, software expenses associated with the development of new products, enhancement and localization of existing cloud products, and quality assurance and development of documentation for our products. Research and development costs are generally expensed as incurred in accordance with ASC 730, Research and Development. Software development costs required to be capitalized under ASC 985-20, Costs of Software to be Sold, Leased, or Marketed, and under ASC 350-40, Internal-Use Software, were not material to our condensed consolidated financial statements for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. With our cloud-only, consumption-driven strategy, we intend to further focus our research and development efforts on our cloud subscription offerings. We expect this to lead to cost savings in research and development expense as a percentage of total revenues.
Sales and Marketing
Our sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries and other personnel-related expenses, including commissions and bonuses, stock-based compensation, costs of public relations, seminars, marketing programs, lead generation, travel and entertainment, trade shows, software expenses, outside services and Shared Costs. With our cloud-only, consumption-driven strategy, we intend to further focus our go-to-market efforts on our cloud subscription offerings. We expect this to lead to cost savings in sales and marketing expense as a percentage of total revenues.
General and Administrative
Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, stock-based compensation, and other personnel-related expenses for finance, human resources, legal, and general management, as well as professional service expenses associated with recruiting, legal, tax and accounting services, travel expenses and Shared Costs. We expect our general and administrative expenses to continue to increase in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future but may vary as a percentage of total revenues.
Amortization of Intangible Assets
Amortization of intangible assets is the amortization of customer relationships, and trade names and trademarks recorded as a result of the 2015 Privatization Transaction and, to a lesser extent, acquired through business acquisitions.
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Restructuring
Restructuring charges include our reorganization activities. On November 1, 2023, we announced a plan to reduce our workforce by approximately 500 employees, representing approximately 10% of the then-current global workforce, and reduce our global real estate footprint (the “November Plan”).
Interest Income (Expense) and Other Income (Expense), Net
Interest income (expense) and other income (expense), net consists primarily of interest expense, interest income earned on our cash, cash equivalents, investments, unrealized foreign exchange gain and loss on monetary assets and liabilities, debt refinancing costs, foreign exchange transaction gains and losses and rental income.
Income Taxes
We use the liability method of accounting for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes. Under this method, income tax expense or benefit is recognized for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year. In addition, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements or tax returns. The measurement of current and deferred tax assets and liabilities is based on provisions of currently enacted tax laws. We evaluate the realization of deferred tax assets based on all available evidence and establish a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that they will not be realized.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our condensed consolidated statement of operations data for the periods indicated (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subscription revenue | $ | 287,034 |  |  | $ | 264,306 |  |  | $ | 571,044 |  |  | $ | 516,304 |
Maintenance and professional services | 120,310 |  |  | 136,319 |  |  | 240,197 |  |  | 272,928 |
Total revenues | 407,344 |  |  | 400,625 |  |  | 811,241 |  |  | 789,232 |
Cost of revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subscription costs | 53,606 |  |  | 47,367 |  |  | 107,351 |  |  | 94,210 |
Maintenance and professional services costs | 27,171 |  |  | 34,501 |  |  | 53,907 |  |  | 68,379 |
Amortization of acquired technology | 538 |  |  | 1,027 |  |  | 1,069 |  |  | 2,061 |
Total cost of revenues | 81,315 |  |  | 82,895 |  |  | 162,327 |  |  | 164,650 |
Gross profit | 326,029 |  |  | 317,730 |  |  | 648,914 |  |  | 624,582 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 88,240 |  |  | 79,234 |  |  | 170,213 |  |  | 158,888 |
Sales and marketing | 155,491 |  |  | 147,453 |  |  | 297,603 |  |  | 284,886 |
General and administrative | 57,377 |  |  | 48,962 |  |  | 97,559 |  |  | 99,408 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 25,010 |  |  | 31,718 |  |  | 49,801 |  |  | 63,457 |
Restructuring | — |  |  | 899 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,254 |
Total operating expenses | 326,118 |  |  | 308,266 |  |  | 615,176 |  |  | 611,893 |
(Loss) income from operations | (89) |  |  | 9,464 |  |  | 33,738 |  |  | 12,689 |
Interest income | 13,004 |  |  | 13,765 |  |  | 26,260 |  |  | 27,172 |
Interest expense | (29,552) |  |  | (38,333) |  |  | (59,009) |  |  | (77,430) |
Other (expense) income, net | (18,819) |  |  | 851 |  |  | (34,485) |  |  | 7,186 |
Loss before income taxes | (35,456) |  |  | (14,253) |  |  | (33,496) |  |  | (30,383) |
Income tax benefit | (30,807) |  |  | (19,081) |  |  | (30,187) |  |  | (44,545) |
Net (loss) income | $ | (4,649) |  |  | $ | 4,828 |  |  | $ | (3,309) |  |  | $ | 14,162 |

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The following table presents certain financial data for the periods indicated as a percentage of total revenues:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subscription revenue | 70 | % |  | 66 | % |  | 70 | % |  | 65 | %
Maintenance and professional services | 30 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 35 |
Total revenues | 100 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 100 |
Cost of revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subscription costs | 13 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 12 |
Maintenance and professional services costs | 7 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 9 |
Amortization of acquired technology | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total cost of revenues | 20 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 21 |
Gross profit | 80 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 80 |  |  | 79 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 22 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 20 |
Sales and marketing | 38 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 36 |
General and administrative | 14 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 13 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 6 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 8 |
Restructuring | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Total operating expenses | 80 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 78 |
(Loss) income from operations | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 1 |
Interest income | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |
Interest expense | (7) |  |  | (9) |  |  | (7) |  |  | (10) |
Other (expense) income, net | (5) |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | 1 |
Loss before income taxes | (9) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (4) |
Income tax benefit | (8) |  |  | (5) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (6) |
Net (loss) income | (1) |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |

Revenues
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, our revenues (in thousands, except percentages):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Percent Change |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Percent Change
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |
Cloud subscription(i) | $ | 209,931 |  |  | $ | 161,422 |  |  | 30 | % |  | $ | 409,866 |  |  | $ | 312,860 |  |  | 31 | %
Self-managed subscription support and other(i) | 40,964 |  |  | 48,908 |  |  | (16) | % |  | 82,460 |  |  | 97,499 |  |  | (15) | %
Maintenance(ii) | 102,919 |  |  | 116,482 |  |  | (12) | % |  | 206,128 |  |  | 234,160 |  |  | (12) | %
Total revenue recognized over time | 353,814 |  |  | 326,812 |  |  | 8 | % |  | 698,454 |  |  | 644,519 |  |  | 8 | %
Self-managed subscription license recognized at a point in time(i)(iii) | 36,139 |  |  | 53,976 |  |  | (33) | % |  | 78,718 |  |  | 105,945 |  |  | (26) | %
Total subscription and maintenance revenue | 389,953 |  |  | 380,788 |  |  | 2 | % |  | 777,172 |  |  | 750,464 |  |  | 4 | %
Professional services(ii) | 17,391 |  |  | 19,837 |  |  | (12) | % |  | 34,069 |  |  | 38,768 |  |  | (12) | %
Total revenues | 407,344 |  |  | 400,625 |  |  | 2 | % |  | 811,241 |  |  | 789,232 |  |  | 3 | %

(i) Included in Subscription revenue on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
(ii) Included in Maintenance and Professional services revenue on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
(iii) We previously presented Perpetual license revenue separately. Because revenue for perpetual licenses are not material for current or past periods due to our transition to a cloud-only, consumption-driven strategy, we have combined these amounts into Self-managed subscription license recognized at a point in time and retrospectively adjusted past periods for comparative purposes.
Revenue recognized over time refers to ratable recognition over the contractual term. Revenue recognized at a point in time refers to recognition upon the later of when the software license is made available
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or the contractual term commences. Professional services are recognized as services are provided. As we continue the shift to our cloud-only, consumption-driven strategy, we are presenting revenue on this basis to demonstrate the timing of revenue recognition related to each component of total revenues.
Total revenues increased to $407.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $400.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in total revenues of $6.7 million (or 2%) is primarily due to a 9% increase in subscription revenues, partially offset by a 12% decrease in maintenance and professional service revenues.
Total revenues increased to $811.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $789.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in total revenues of $22.0 million (or 3%) is primarily due to a 11% increase in subscription revenues, partially offset by a 12% decrease in maintenance and professional service revenues.
Total subscription revenues increased to $287.0 million (or 70% of total revenues) during the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $264.3 million (or 66% of total revenues) for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in subscription revenues of $22.7 million (or 9%) is primarily due to a 30% increase in cloud subscription revenue, partially offset by a 33% decrease in self-managed license recognized at a point in time and a 16% decrease in self-managed subscription support and other revenues.
Total subscription revenues increased to $571.0 million (or 70% of total revenues) during the six months ended June 30, 2025 from $516.3 million (or 65% of total revenues) for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in subscription revenues of $54.7 million (or 11%) is primarily due to a 31% increase in cloud subscription revenue, partially offset by a 26% decrease in self-managed license recognized at a point in time and a 15% decrease in self-managed subscription support and other revenues.
Total maintenance and professional services revenues decreased to $120.3 million (or 30% of total revenues) during the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $136.3 million (or 34% of total revenues) for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in maintenance and professional services revenue of $16.0 million (or 12%) is primarily due to a 12% decrease in maintenance revenue and 12% decrease in professional services revenue.
Total maintenance and professional services revenues decreased to $240.2 million (or 30% of total revenues) during the six months ended June 30, 2025 from $272.9 million (or 35% of total revenues) for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in maintenance and professional services revenue of $32.7 million (or 12%) is primarily due to a 12% decrease in maintenance revenue and 12% decrease in professional services revenue.
Total revenue recognized over time
Our revenues recognized over time increased to $353.8 million (or 87% of total revenues) for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $326.8 million (or 82% of total revenues) for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in revenues recognized over time of $27.0 million (or 8%) is primarily due to an 30% increase in cloud subscription revenue, offset by the 16% decrease in self-managed subscription support and other revenues and the 12% decrease in maintenance revenues.
Our revenues recognized over time increased to $698.5 million (or 86% of total revenues) for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from $644.5 million (or 82% of total revenues) for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in revenues recognized over time of $54.0 million (or 8%) in subscription revenues is primarily due to a 31% increase in cloud subscription revenue, offset by the 15% decrease in self-managed subscription support and other revenues and the 12% decrease in maintenance revenues.
Our cloud subscription revenues increased to $209.9 million (or 52% of total revenues) for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $161.4 million (or 40% of total revenues) for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in cloud subscription revenues of $48.5 million (or 30%) was due to an increase in our cloud subscription customers and continued expansion within existing cloud customers.
Our cloud subscription revenues increased to $409.9 million (or 51% of total revenues) for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from $312.9 million (or 40% of total revenues) for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in cloud services revenues of $97.0 million (or 31%) was due to an increase in our cloud subscription customers and continued expansion within existing cloud customers.
Our self-managed subscription support and other revenues decreased to $41.0 million (or 10% of total revenues) for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $48.9 million (or 12% of total revenues) for the three
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months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in self-managed subscription support and other revenues of $7.9 million (or 16%) was primarily driven by our continued shift from self-managed subscription licenses to cloud services as part of our cloud only, consumption driven strategy.
Our self-managed subscription support and other revenues decreased to $82.5 million (or 10% of total revenues) for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from $97.5 million (or 12% of total revenues) for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in self-managed subscription support and other revenues of $15.0 million (or 15%) was primarily driven by our continued shift from self-managed subscription licenses to cloud services as part of our cloud only, consumption driven strategy.
We expect self-managed subscription support and other revenues to decrease gradually in dollar value and as a percentage of total revenue due to the continued migrations from self-managed subscription licenses to our cloud subscription offerings.
Our maintenance revenues decreased to $102.9 million (or 25% of total revenues) for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $116.5 million (or 29% of total revenues) for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease of $13.6 million (or 12%) was due to non-renewals of legacy maintenance contracts for on-premise licenses, including migrations from perpetual licenses to our cloud subscription offerings, partially offset by price uplifts upon renewal.
Our maintenance revenues decreased to $206.1 million (or 25% of total revenues) for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from $234.2 million (or 30% of total revenues) for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease of $28.1 million (or 12%) was due to non-renewals of legacy maintenance contracts for on-premise licenses, including migrations from perpetual licenses to our cloud subscription offerings, partially offset by price uplifts upon renewal.
We expect maintenance revenues to continue to decrease gradually in dollar value and as a percentage of total revenue due to the cessation of sales of perpetual licenses, continued migrations from perpetual licenses to our cloud subscription offerings and customers not renewing due to no longer having a use case.
Total revenues recognized at a point in time
Our self-managed subscription license recognized at a point in time decreased to $36.1 million (or 9% of total revenues) for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $54.0 million (or 13% of total revenues) for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in self-managed subscription license revenues of $17.9 million (or 33%) was primarily driven by our continued shift from self-managed subscription licenses to cloud services as part of our cloud only, consumption driven strategy.
Our self-managed subscription license recognized at a point in time decreased to $78.7 million (or 10% of total revenues) for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from $105.9 million (or 13% of total revenues) for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in self-managed subscription license revenues of $27.2 million (or 26%) was primarily driven by our continued shift from self-managed subscription licenses to cloud services as part of our cloud only, consumption driven strategy.
We continue to expect self-managed subscription license revenues to decrease, with the cloud subscription revenues increasing as a percentage of total revenues, driven by our cloud only, consumption driven strategy.
Professional services
Professional services revenues decreased to $17.4 million (or 4% of total revenues) for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $19.8 million (or 5% of total revenues) for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease of $2.4 million (or 12%) in professional services revenues was primarily due to our strategic shift to have third party providers perform an increasing share of our customers’ implementation work.
Professional services revenues decreased to $34.1 million (or 4% of total revenues) for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $38.8 million (or 5% of total revenues) for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease of $4.7 million (or 12%) in professional services revenues was primarily due to our strategic shift to have third party providers perform an increasing share of our customers’ implementation work.
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Cost of Revenues
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, our cost of revenues (in thousands, except percentages):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Percent Change |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Percent Change
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |
Cost of subscription revenues | $ | 53,606 |  |  | $ | 47,367 |  |  | 13 | % |  | $ | 107,351 |  |  | $ | 94,210 |  |  | 14 | %
Cost of maintenance and professional services revenues | 27,171 |  |  | 34,501 |  |  | (21) | % |  | 53,907 |  |  | 68,379 |  |  | (21) | %
Amortization of acquired technology | 538 |  |  | 1,027 |  |  | (48) | % |  | 1,069 |  |  | 2,061 |  |  | (48) | %
Total cost of revenues | $ | 81,315 |  |  | $ | 82,895 |  |  | (2) | % |  | $ | 162,327 |  |  | $ | 164,650 |  |  | (1) | %
Cost of subscription revenues, as a percentage of subscription revenues | 19 | % |  | 18 | % |  |  |  | 19 | % |  | 18 | % |  |
Cost of maintenance and professional services revenues, as a percentage of maintenance and professional service revenues | 23 | % |  | 25 | % |  |  |  | 22 | % |  | 25 | % |  |

Cost of Subscription Revenues
Cost of subscription revenues increased to $53.6 million (or 19% of subscription revenues) for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $47.4 million (or 18% of subscription revenues) for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase of $6.2 million (or 13%) for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 was primarily due to a $4.8 million increase in fees paid to third-party vendors for hosting services related to our subscription services, and a $1.4 million increase in salaries and other personnel-related expenses.
Cost of subscription revenues increased to $107.4 million (or 19% of subscription revenues) for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $94.2 million (or 18% of subscription revenues) for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase of $13.2 million (or 14%) for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 was primarily due to a $9.5 million increase in fees paid to third-party vendors for hosting services related to our subscription services, a $2.9 million increase in salaries and other personnel-related expenses, and a $2.1 million increase in Shared Costs and other expenses, partially offset by a $1.3 million decrease in royalty costs.
Cost of Maintenance and Professional Services Revenues
Cost of maintenance and professional services revenues decreased to $27.2 million (or 23% of maintenance and professional services revenues) during the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $34.5 million (or 25% of maintenance and professional services revenues) during the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease of $7.3 million (or 21%) in cost of maintenance and professional services revenues during the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 was primarily due to a $4.0 million decrease in salaries and other personnel-related expenses from a decrease in headcount, a $1.3 million decrease in Shared Costs, a $1.1 million decrease in stock-based compensation, and a $0.9 million decrease in outside services and other expenses.
Cost of maintenance and professional services revenues decreased to $53.9 million (or 22% of maintenance and professional services revenues) during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $68.4 million (or 25% of maintenance and professional services revenues) during the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease of $14.5 million (or 21%) in cost of maintenance and professional services revenues during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 was primarily due to a $8.3 million decrease in salaries and other personnel-related expenses primarily from a decrease in headcount, a $2.5 million decrease in Shared Costs, a $1.9 million decrease in stock-based compensation, and a $1.8 million decrease in software and other expenses.
Amortization of Acquired Technology
Amortization of acquired technology decreased to $0.5 million (or 0% of total revenues) for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $1.0 million (or 0% of total revenues) for the three months ended June 30,
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2024. The decrease of $0.5 million (or 48%) in amortization of acquired technology for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 was primarily due to a decrease in the amortization of acquired technology largely associated with the 2015 Privatization Transaction, as some components of the technology became fully amortized.
Amortization of acquired technology decreased to $1.1 million (or 0% of total revenues) for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from $2.1 million (or 0% of total revenues) for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease of $1.0 million (or 48%) in amortization of acquired technology for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 was primarily due to a decrease in the amortization of acquired technology largely associated with the 2015 Privatization Transaction, as some components of the technology became fully amortized.
Operating Expenses
Research and Development
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, our research and development expenses (in thousands, except percentages):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Percent Change |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Percent Change
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |
Research and development | $ | 88,240 |  |  | $ | 79,234 |  |  | 11 | % |  | $ | 170,213 |  |  | $ | 158,888 |  |  | 7 | %

Research and development expenses increased to $88.2 million (or 22% of total revenues) for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $79.2 million (or 20% of total revenues) for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase of $9.0 million (or 11%) in research and development expenses during the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 was primarily due to a $5.8 million increase in stock-based compensation and a $3.2 million increase in salaries and other expenses.
Research and development expenses increased to $170.2 million (or 21% of total revenues) for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $158.9 million (or 20% of total revenues) for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase of $11.3 million (or 7%) in research and development expenses during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 was primarily due to a $5.0 million increase in stock-based compensation, a $4.2 million increase in salaries and other personnel-related expenses, and a $2.1 million increase in Shared Costs and other expenses.
Sales and Marketing
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, our sales and marketing expenses (in thousands, except percentages):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Percent Change |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Percent Change
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |
Sales and marketing | $ | 155,491 |  |  | $ | 147,453 |  |  | 5 | % |  | $ | 297,603 |  |  | $ | 284,886 |  |  | 4 | %

Sales and marketing expenses increased to $155.5 million (or 38% of total revenues) during the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $147.5 million (or 37% of total revenues) during the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase of $8.0 million (or 5%) in sales and marketing expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 was primarily due to a $4.9 million increase in salaries and other personnel-related expenses, a $1.6 million increase in stock-based compensation, and a $1.5 million increase in outside services and other expenses.
Sales and marketing expenses increased to $297.6 million (or 37% of total revenues) during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $284.9 million (or 36% of total revenues) during the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase of $12.7 million (or 4%) in sales and marketing expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 was primarily due to a $6.9 million increase in salaries and other personnel-related expenses, a $1.9 million increase in stock-based
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compensation, a $1.5 million increase in marketing expenses, a $1.4 million increase in Shared Costs, and a $1.0 million increase in outside services and other expenses.
General and Administrative
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, our general and administrative expenses (in thousands, except percentages):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Percent Change |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Percent Change
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |
General and administrative | $ | 57,377 |  |  | $ | 48,962 |  |  | 17 | % |  | $ | 97,559 |  |  | $ | 99,408 |  |  | (2) | %

General and administrative expenses increased to $57.4 million (or 14% of total revenues) during the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $49.0 million (or 12% of total revenues) during the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase of $8.4 million (or 17%) in general and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 was primarily due to a $8.9 million increase in outside services mainly due to $12.0 million of costs incurred in the second quarter of 2025 related to the Merger, a $1.0 million increase in salaries and other personnel-related expenses, partially offset by a $1.5 million decrease in stock-based compensation.
General and administrative expenses decreased to $97.6 million (or 12% of total revenues) during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $99.4 million (or 13% of total revenues) during the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease of $1.8 million (or 2%) in general and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 was primarily due to a $4.6 million decrease in stock-based compensation and a $3.8 million decrease in bad debt expense, partially offset by a $3.7 million increase in outside services mainly due to an increase in costs incurred in the second quarter of 2025 related to the Merger, a $1.8 million increase in salaries and other personnel-related expenses, and a $1.1 million increase in Shared Costs and other expenses.
Other Operating Expenses
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, our amortization of intangible assets and restructuring charges (in thousands, except percentages):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Percent Change |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Percent Change
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |
Amortization of intangible assets | $ | 25,010 |  |  | $ | 31,718 |  |  | (21) | % |  | $ | 49,801 |  |  | $ | 63,457 |  |  | (22) | %
Restructuring | — |  |  | 899 |  |  | (100) | % |  | — |  |  | 5,254 |  |  | (100) | %

Amortization of intangible assets decreased to $25.0 million (or 6% of revenues) during the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $31.7 million (or 8% of revenues) during the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease of $6.7 million (or 21%) in amortization of intangible assets for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 was a result of the amortization of our intangible assets primarily from the 2015 Privatization Transaction, as some of the components of the intangible assets became fully amortized.
Amortization of intangible assets decreased to $49.8 million (or 6% of revenues) during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $63.5 million (or 8% of revenues) during the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease of $13.7 million (or 22%) in amortization of intangible assets for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 was a result of the amortization of our intangible assets primarily from the 2015 Privatization Transaction, as some of the components of the intangible assets became fully amortized.
Restructuring costs decreased by $0.9 million (or 100%) to $0.0 million (or 0% of revenues) during the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $0.9 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024.
Restructuring costs decreased by $5.3 million (or 100%) to $0.0 million (or 0% of revenues) during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $5.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024. The
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remaining charges for the November Plan were incurred in the first quarter of 2024. There were no restructuring charges for the current quarter.
Interest Income (Expense) and Other (Expense) Income, Net
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, our interest and other (expense) income, net (in thousands, except percentages):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Percent Change |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Percent Change
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |
Interest income | $ | 13,004 |  |  | $ | 13,765 |  |  | (6) | % |  | $ | 26,260 |  |  | $ | 27,172 |  |  | (3) | %
Interest expense | (29,552) |  |  | (38,333) |  |  | (23) | % |  | (59,009) |  |  | (77,430) |  |  | (24) | %
Other (expense) income, net | (18,819) |  |  | 851 |  |  | (2311) | % |  | (34,485) |  |  | 7,186 |  |  | (580) | %
Interest and other expense, net | $ | (35,367) |  |  | $ | (23,717) |  |  | 49 | % |  | $ | (67,234) |  |  | $ | (43,072) |  |  | 56 | %

The change in interest and other expense, net, of $11.7 million (or 49%) for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 was primarily due to a $19.7 million decrease in other (expense) income from unrealized foreign exchange losses due to the general depreciation of the US dollar and a $0.8 million decrease in interest income, partially offset by a $8.8 million decrease in interest expense primarily due to lower interest rates.
The change in interest and other expense, net, of $24.1 million (or 56%) for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 was due to a $41.7 million decrease in other (expense) income from unrealized foreign exchange losses due to the general depreciation of the US dollar and a $0.9 million decrease in interest income, partially offset by a $18.5 million decrease in interest expense primarily due to lower interest rates.
Income Tax Benefit
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, our provision for income taxes (in thousands, except percentages):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Percent Change |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Percent Change
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |
Income tax benefit | $ | (30,807) |  |  | $ | (19,081) |  |  | 61 | % |  | $ | (30,187) |  |  | $ | (44,545) |  |  | (32) | %
Effective tax rate | 87 | % |  | 134 | % |  |  |  | 90 | % |  | 147 | % |  |

Our income tax benefit was $30.8 million and $19.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Our income tax benefit was $30.2 million and $44.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The income tax provision has fluctuated primarily due to seasonality of the pretax income or losses incurred from period to period, decrease in change in our valuation allowance, fluctuations in stock-based compensation deductions and to a lesser extent the impact of different tax rates on foreign income.
In assessing the need for a valuation allowance as of June 30, 2025, we considered all available evidence both positive and negative, including potential for prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. We continue to evaluate the need for the valuation allowance quarterly, considering factors such as sustained profitability, changes in market conditions, and strategic initiatives that may impact our future taxable income.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since our inception, we have financed our operations primarily through cash flows from operations and debt financing. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, we had $1,298.6 million and $1,232.4 million in available cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments. Our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments primarily consist of bank account balances, short-term time deposits, highly liquid money market funds and available-for-sale debt securities. We believe that our existing cash and
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cash equivalents, short term investments, cash flows generated by operations and the Revolving Credit Facility will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next twelve months. However, we may be required to raise or desire additional funds for selective purposes, such as acquisitions or other investments in complementary businesses, products, or technologies, and may raise such additional funds through equity or debt financing or from other sources.
The Company has a credit agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as agent, for a syndicate of lenders. Under the Credit Agreement, the Company borrowed $1.9 billion of dollar term loans and obtained $250.0 million of commitments under a Revolving Credit Facility.
On June 11, 2024, the Company refinanced the Credit Agreement with Amendment No. 2 (the “Amendment”), with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as agent, for a syndicate of lenders. The Amendment reduced the applicable margin from 2.75% to 2.25% and eliminated the previous credit spread adjustment effective June 11, 2024. Other than the foregoing, the material terms of the Credit Agreement remain unchanged.
Effective June 11, 2024, the borrowings under the Term Facility bear interest, at the Company’s option, either at (i) Term SOFR plus the applicable margin of 2.25% or (ii) the base rate plus 1.25%. The base rate is defined as the highest of (a) the Federal Funds Rate plus one half of 1%, (b) the rate of interest in effect for such day as published by the Wall Street Journal as the “prime rate,” and (c) Term SOFR Rate for a one-month interest period plus 1.00%; provided that the base rate shall not be less than 1.00% per annum. Term SOFR is subject to a “floor” of 0% per annum. The Term Facility was issued with 0.125% of original issue discount.
Effective June 11, 2024, the Revolving Credit Facility accrues interest at a per annum rate based on either, at the Company’s election, (i) Term SOFR plus the applicable margin for Term SOFR loans ranging between 2.00% and 2.50% based on the Company’s total net first lien leverage ratio or (ii) the base rate plus an applicable margin ranging between 1.00% and 1.50% based on the Company’s total net first lien leverage ratio.
Our primary sources of cash are from cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, the collection of accounts receivable from our customers and the Revolving Credit Facility. Our uses of cash include payroll and payroll-related expenses and business operating expenses such as hosting services costs, marketing programs, travel, professional services, facilities and related costs, servicing our borrowings, and debt principal payments. Other uses of cash include the purchase of property and equipment and to acquire businesses and technologies to expand our product offerings. We believe cash generated from operations will be sufficient to meet working capital needs and to service our borrowings.
Approximately one-third of our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments are held by our foreign subsidiaries.
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

|  |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
|  |  |  |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  |  |  | $ | 178,750 |  |  | $ | 156,494 |
Net cash provided by / (used in) investing activities |  |  |  |  | 45,336 |  |  | (67,210) |
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  |  |  | (120,793) |  |  | (15,910) |

Operating Activities: Cash provided by operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $178.8 million. Our net loss for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $3.3 million, adjusted for non-cash charges, primarily consisting of $130.6 million of stock-based compensation expense, $58.3 million of depreciation and amortization, $7.1 million of non-cash operating lease cost and $1.2 million of deferred income taxes. Additional fluctuations of cash resulted from changes in operating assets and liabilities. The main drivers of the changes in operating assets and liabilities were a $96.4 million decrease in deferred revenue, a $64.0 million decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities due to timing of payments and payment of our lease obligations, and a $50.9 million decrease in income tax payable due to the timing of tax payments. This was partially offset by a $185.8 million decrease in accounts receivables due to the timing of collections and a $12.8 million decrease in prepaid expenses and assets associated with the growth in our operations.
Cash provided by operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $156.5 million. Our net income for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $14.2 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $207.3 million and a net cash outflow of $65.0 million provided by changes in our operating assets and liabilities.
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Investing Activities: Net cash provided by investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $45.3 million primarily due to a cash inflow consisting of $276.5 million in maturities of investments and $7.9 million in sale of investments; partially offset by a cash outflow of $234.4 million in purchases of investments and $4.7 million for purchases of property and equipment.
Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $67.2 million primarily due to a cash outflow in purchases of investments and purchases of property and equipment; partially offset by a cash inflow consisting of maturities of investments and other.
We acquire property and equipment in our normal course of business. The amount and timing of these purchases and the related cash outflows in future periods depend on a number of factors, including the hiring of employees, the rate of upgrade of computer hardware and software used in our business, as well as our business outlook.
We have used cash to acquire businesses and technologies that enhance and expand our product offerings, and we anticipate that we will continue to do so in the future. Due to the nature of these transactions, it is difficult to predict the amount and timing of such cash requirements to complete such transactions. We may be required to raise additional funds to complete future acquisitions. In addition, we may be obligated to pay certain variable and deferred earn-out payments based upon achievement of certain performance targets.
Financing Activities: Net cash used in financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $120.8 million primarily due to $101.4 million in repurchases of common stock, $48.6 million payments for taxes related to net share settlement of restricted stock units and $9.4 million payment of debt. These cash outflows were partially offset by $24.0 million in proceeds from the issuance of shares upon exercise of stock options and $14.6 million of proceeds from issuance of common stock under the ESPP.
Net cash used in financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $15.9 million driven by payment for taxes related to net share settlement of restricted stock units and payment of debt. These cash outflows were partially offset by proceeds from the issuance of shares and proceeds from issuance of common stock under the ESPP.
Debt
Credit Facilities
The Company has a credit agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as agent, for a syndicate of lenders. Under the Credit Agreement, the Company incurred $1.9 billion of dollar term loans and obtained $250.0 million of commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility.
The Term Facility matures on October 29, 2028 and is repayable in quarterly installments of 0.25% of the initial principal amount thereof, with the remaining amount due at maturity. The Revolving Credit Facility matures on October 29, 2026. See Note 7. Borrowings in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for details.
The Credit Agreement requires that, as of the last day of any fiscal quarter if on such date the aggregate principal amount of all revolving loans, swingline loans and letter of credit obligations (in excess of $15 million) exceed 35% of the revolving loan commitments, the total net first lien leverage ratio cannot exceed 6.25 to 1.00. Accrued interest on the Credit Facilities is payable quarterly in arrears with respect to base rate loans, at the end of each interest rate period (or at each three- month interval in the case of loans with interest periods greater than three months) with respect to the loans, the date of any repayment or prepayment, and at maturity (whether by acceleration or otherwise).
The Credit Agreement contains certain customary affirmative and negative covenants. As of June 30, 2025, we were in compliance with all such covenants.
Contractual and Lease Obligations
There were no material changes outside of the ordinary course of business in our contractual and lease obligations for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from the contractual and lease obligations disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Proposed Transaction with Salesforce
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On May 26, 2025, we entered into the Merger Agreement with Salesforce. We have agreed to various covenants and agreements, including, among others, agreements to conduct our business in the ordinary course during the period between the execution of the Merger Agreement and the Effective Time. Outside of certain limited exceptions, we may not take, authorize, commit, resolve, or agree to do certain actions without Salesforce’s consent, including, among other things:
•acquiring businesses and disposing of significant assets;
•incurring expenditures above specified thresholds; and
•issuing additional debt facilities
We do not believe these restrictions will prevent us from meeting our ongoing costs of operations, working capital needs, or capital expenditure requirements.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP which requires us to make estimates, judgments and assumptions. We believe that the estimates, judgments, and assumptions upon which we rely are reasonable based upon information available to us at the time that these assumptions, judgments, and estimates are made. These estimates, judgments, and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the periods presented. Any material differences between these estimates and actual results will impact our condensed consolidated financial statements. On a regular basis, we evaluate our estimates, judgments, and assumptions and make changes accordingly.
There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as compared to those described in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 25, 2025.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Interest Rate Sensitivity
Our investment objective is to conserve capital and maintain liquidity to support our operations; therefore, we generally invest in highly liquid securities, consisting primarily of debt securities, bank deposits, money market funds, and time deposits. Such fixed and floating interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Fixed income securities may have their fair market value adversely impacted due to a rise in interest rates, while floating rate securities may produce less income than predicted if interest rates fall. Due to the primarily short-term nature of our investment portfolio, we do not believe a hypothetical quarter point increase or decrease in interest rates would have a material effect on the fair market value of our portfolio. Therefore, we do not expect our operating results or cash flows to be materially affected by a sudden change in interest rates.
As of June 30, 2025, we had long-term debt outstanding with a carrying value of $1.8 billion. A hypothetical change in interest rate of 0.25% will increase or decrease interest expense by approximately $4.5 million a year. See Note 7. Borrowings, in the Notes to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Borrowings under our debt facilities bear interest at a variable market rate.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
Our condensed consolidated results of operations and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Historically, our revenue contracts have been denominated in mainly U.S. dollars and also local currency. Our outstanding debt obligations are denominated in U.S. dollars. Our expenses are generally denominated in the currencies in which our operations are located. We currently have cash flow hedges for our Indian Rupee expense exposure that we hedge on a rolling twelve-month basis. These exposures are hedged with non-deliverable forward contracts. In the event our foreign sales and expenses increase, our operating results may be affected by foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, which can affect our operating income or loss. The effect of a hypothetical 10% increase in the value of all applicable foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar would have had approximately a $11.3 million positive impact to operating income for the six months ended June 30, 2025.
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Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts
In order to reduce the impact of earnings volatility associated with foreign currency fluctuations, we enter into foreign currency forward contracts on our largest foreign currency exposure. The forward contracts represent obligations to purchase foreign currencies at a predetermined exchange rate to fund a portion of our expenses that are denominated in foreign currencies. We recognize in earnings amounts related to our cash flow hedges accumulated in other comprehensive income (loss) during the same period in which the corresponding underlying hedged transaction affects earnings. We have forecasted the amount of our anticipated foreign currency expenses based on our historical performance and projected financial plan.
As of June 30, 2025, our remaining open foreign exchange contracts, carried at fair value, are hedging Indian rupee expenses and typically have a maturity of approximately twelve months or less. These foreign exchange contracts mature monthly as the foreign currency denominated expenses are paid and any gain or loss is offset against operating expense. Once the hedged item is recognized, the cash flow hedge is de-designated and subsequent changes in value are recognized in other (expense) income, net to offset changes in the value of the resulting non-functional currency monetary assets or liabilities. The notional amounts of these foreign exchange forward contracts in U.S. dollar equivalents were to buy $99.7 million worth of Indian rupees using exchange rates as of June 30, 2025.
Cross-Currency Swap Contracts
During the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company entered into cross-currency swap contracts with a total notional amount of €300 million of Euro for $328 million of USD, designated as net investment hedges, that is used to hedge a portion of the Company's net investment in its European operations. The swap agreement provides for the Company to receive monthly interest payments in U.S. dollars at a float rate and to make Euro interest payments at a float rate. The risk management objective of entering into such agreements is to manage foreign currency risk relating to net investments in certain European subsidiaries denominated in Euros.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For recent accounting pronouncements, see Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Report. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognizes that disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rules 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the period covered by this Report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, believes that our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and are effective at the reasonable assurance level. However, management does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the company have been detected. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
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Part II - Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
From time to time we may become involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of our business. We are not presently a party to any legal proceedings that in the opinion of our management, if determined adversely to us, would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Future litigation may be necessary to defend ourselves, our partners and our customers by determining the scope, enforceability and validity of third-party proprietary rights, or to establish our proprietary rights. The results of any current or future litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, and regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors. See Note 14. Commitments and Contingencies in the Notes to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Investing in our Class A common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information contained in this Report, including the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto, before making a decision to invest in our Class A common stock. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently believe are not material, including as a result of the potential Merger with Salesforce, may also become factors that affect us. If any of the risks occur, our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects could be materially and adversely affected. In that event, the market price of our Class A common stock could decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment.
Risk Factor Summary
Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties that you should consider. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following:
•Failure to complete, or delays in completing, the proposed transaction with Salesforce could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and our stock price.
•Uncertainty about the Merger may adversely affect relationships with our customers, partners, suppliers, and employees, whether or not the Merger is completed.
•If we are unable to attract and retain customers, our future results of operations could be harmed.
•Our business and revenue have been adversely affected and could in the future be adversely affected by macroeconomic factors in the global economy, including those related to interest rate volatility, shifting foreign exchange rates, tariffs, and geopolitical disruptions.
•A security breach or incident may compromise the integrity of our products, create service outages for our hosted products, or allow unauthorized access to our network or our customers’ data, harm our reputation, create additional liability and adversely impact our financial results.
•We have experienced strong subscription revenue growth in recent periods, and our recent growth rates may not be indicative of our future growth.
•If our existing customers terminate or do not renew their subscriptions or maintenance contracts, or renew for shorter durations, it could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
•If we do not successfully manage our strategy and business model transition for our cloud- and subscription-based offerings, including our consumption-based model, our business may become more difficult to predict and our results of operations may be adversely affected.
•Legal and regulatory changes in jurisdictions in which we do business, including regulations relating to localization and transfer of personal and other regulated types of data, and changes in the manner in which those laws and regulations are interpreted and enforced, could impose additional costs on the operation of our products and services, require changes in their functionality, or reduce customer demand.
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•The loss of our key personnel, unexpected sales force personnel turnover or decrease in sales force productivity, or the inability to attract and retain additional skilled personnel could adversely affect our ability to grow our company successfully and may negatively impact our results of operations.
•If we are unable to successfully respond to technological advances and evolving industry standards, we could experience a reduction in our future product sales, which would cause our revenues to decline.
•Our current research and development efforts, including the introduction of new products, the integration of acquired products, and the enhancements of existing products, may not be successful or result in significant revenue, cost savings or other benefits in the near future, if at all.
Risks Related to Our Potential Merger with Salesforce
Failure to complete, or delays in completing, the potential Merger with Salesforce could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and our stock price.
On May 26, 2025, we entered into the Merger Agreement with Salesforce pursuant to which, if all of the conditions to closing under the Merger Agreement are satisfied or waived, we will merge with a subsidiary of Salesforce and become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Salesforce. Consummation of the Merger is subject to certain closing conditions and a number of the conditions are not within our control, and may prevent, delay or otherwise materially adversely affect the completion of the transaction. We cannot predict with certainty whether and when any of the required closing conditions will be satisfied or if another uncertainty may arise and cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully consummate the Merger as currently contemplated under the Merger Agreement or at all. Risks related to the failure of the Merger to be consummated include, but are not limited to, the following:
•we would not realize any or all of the potential benefits of the Merger, including any synergies that could result from combining our financial and proprietary resources with those of Salesforce;
•under some circumstances, we may be required to pay a termination fee to Salesforce of $253 million;
•we will remain liable for significant transaction costs, including legal, accounting, financial advisory and other costs relating to the Merger regardless of whether the Merger is consummated;
•the trading price of our Class A common stock may decline to the extent that the current market price for our stock reflects a market assumption that the Merger will be completed;
•the attention of our management may have been diverted to the Merger;
•we could be subject to litigation related to any failure to complete the Merger;
•the potential loss of key personnel during the pendency of the Merger as employees and other service providers may experience uncertainty about their future roles with us following completion of the Merger; and
•under the Merger Agreement, we are subject to certain restrictions on the conduct of our business prior to completing the Merger, which restrictions could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business as we otherwise would have done if we were not subject to these restrictions.
The occurrence of any of these events individually or in combination could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, and our stock price.
Uncertainty about the Merger may adversely affect relationships with our customers, suppliers, and employees, whether or not the Merger is completed.
In response to the announcement of the Merger, our existing or prospective customers or suppliers may:
•delay, defer, or cease purchasing products or services from, or providing products or services to, us or the combined company;
•delay or defer other decisions concerning us or the combined company; or
•otherwise seek to change the terms on which they do business with us or the combined company.
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Any such delays or changes to terms could materially harm our business or, if the Merger is completed, the business of the combined company.
In addition, as a result of the Merger, our current and prospective employees could experience uncertainty about their future with us or the combined company. As a result, key employees may depart because of issues relating to such uncertainty or a desire not to remain with Salesforce following the completion of the Merger.
Losses of customers, employees or other important strategic relationships could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition. Such adverse effects could also be exacerbated by a delay in the completion of the Merger for any reason.
The ability to complete the Merger is subject to the receipt of consents and approvals from government entities, which may impose conditions that could have an adverse effect on us or the combined company or could cause either party to abandon the Merger.
Completion of the Merger is conditioned upon, among other things, the expiration or termination of the required waiting periods under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, or the HSR Act, and the receipt of certain other regulatory approvals, including internationally in countries where the Company and/or Salesforce does business. In deciding whether to grant antitrust approvals, the United States Department of Justice, or the DOJ, and other regulatory agencies will consider the effect of the Merger on competition. The DOJ, or other regulatory agencies, may condition their approval of the Merger on Salesforce’s or our agreement to various requirements, limitations, or costs, or require divestitures or place restrictions on the conduct of Salesforce’s business following the Merger. If we and Salesforce agree to these requirements, limitations, costs, divestitures, or restrictions, the ability to realize the anticipated benefits of the Merger may be impaired. We cannot provide any assurance that we or Salesforce will obtain the necessary approvals. In addition, these requirements, limitations, costs, divestitures, or restrictions may result in the delay or abandonment of the Merger.
The Merger Agreement contains provisions that could discourage or deter a potential competing acquirer that might be willing to pay more to effect a business combination with us.
Unless and until the Merger Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms, subject to certain specified exceptions, we are not permitted to solicit, initiate, induce or knowingly encourage or knowingly facilitate any inquiries or the making of any proposal or offer that constitutes, or would reasonably be expected to lead to, an alternative transaction proposal or to engage in discussions or negotiations with third parties regarding any alternative transaction proposal. Such restrictions could discourage or deter a third party that may be willing to pay more than Salesforce for the outstanding capital stock of the Company from considering or proposing such an acquisition of the Company.
Lawsuits may be filed against us and the members of our board of directors arising out of the Merger, which may delay or prevent the Merger.
Stockholder complaints and other complaints may be filed against us, our board of directors, Salesforce, Salesforce's board of directors, and others in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement. The outcome of litigation is uncertain, and we may not be successful in defending against any such claims. Such lawsuits could delay or prevent the Merger, divert the attention of our management and employees from our day-to-day business, result in substantial costs to us, and otherwise adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
If we are unable to attract and retain customers, our future results of operations could be harmed.
The success of our business depends on our ability to attract and retain customers. To do so, we must persuade decision makers at enterprises and other organizations that our products offer significant advantages over those of our competitors. Other factors, many of which are out of our control, have impacted or may in the future impact our ability to attract and retain customers, including:
•our failure to generate sufficient awareness and demand for our products;
•our failure to meet sales targets for net new subscription business including our cloud offerings;
•our failure to migrate on-premise products to cloud subscription offerings;
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•potential customers’ commitments to existing vendors;
•potential customers’ greater familiarity and/or comfort with our competitors’ products;
•real or perceived switching costs;
•real or perceived complexity deploying our products;
•our failure to help our customers successfully deploy and use our products;
•our failure to satisfy customer demand for new features, products and services;
•our failure to expand sales via additional new products with existing customers;
•potential customers’ failure to appreciate the benefits of our platform relative to their existing data management products;
•our competitors’ product offerings and pricing strategies being considered favorable to ours;
•our failure to expand, retain, motivate and align our sales and marketing personnel;
•our failure to develop or expand relationships with existing sales partners or to attract new sales partners;
•the adoption of new, or amendment of existing, laws, rules and regulations that negatively impact the utility of our products;
•the perceived risk, commencement or outcome of litigation against us; and
•deteriorating general economic conditions.
If our efforts to attract and retain customers are not successful, our revenue and rate of revenue growth may decline, we may not be able to achieve, or successfully sustain, profitability, our business may become more difficult to predict, and our future results of operations could be materially harmed.
Our business and revenue have been adversely affected and could in the future be adversely affected by global macroeconomic factors, including those related to interest rate volatility, shifting foreign exchange rates, tariffs, and geopolitical disruptions.
Continuing concerns over economic and business prospects in the United States and throughout the world, including impacts related to interest rate volatility, shifting foreign exchange rates, tariffs, boycotts, and geopolitical disruptions have contributed to increased volatility and diminished expectations for the global economy. Uncertainty regarding actual or anticipated actions by the current U.S. administration, and actual or anticipated responsive actions from other world actors, could exacerbate these concerns. For example, the recent imposition by the U.S. government of trade measures, including tariffs, sanctions or other restrictions on goods exported from, or imported into, the United States, or countermeasures or boycotts imposed by other countries in response to such U.S. government trade measures, could adversely affect global economic conditions, our operations, or our ability to sell our products globally, which could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. The uncertainties relating to these trade measures and countermeasures and their potential effects may more significantly or immediately cause our current or prospective customers to stop or delay making new investments in technologies such as our products. As a global company, we are subject to the risks arising from adverse changes in the domestic and global economies. In addition, uncertainty in the macroeconomic environment and associated global economic conditions have resulted in volatility in credit, equity, and foreign currency markets. In prior periods, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates have negatively affected, and in the future could negatively affect our revenues from time to time. Such macroeconomic conditions have in the past and may in the future adversely affect the buying patterns of our customers and prospective customers, including the length of sales cycles, our overall pipeline and pipeline conversion rates, and our revenue growth expectations. In addition, we have experienced, and could experience in the future, delays in payments or cancellations from our customers experiencing weakness in their business as a result of the macroeconomic environment and associated global economic conditions, which could increase our credit risk exposure or adversely impact our cash flows and harm our financial condition. For example, starting in 2022, we experienced increased customer scrutiny and ROI thresholds on investments, resulting in the lengthening of many sales cycles and volatility in pipeline conversion rates. If macroeconomic or geopolitical conditions continue to deteriorate or if an economic recovery is delayed, slows or is uneven, our
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overall results of operations could be adversely affected, we may not be able to grow at the rates we have experienced in the past and we could fail to meet the expectations of investors.
The full extent of the impact of current macroeconomic factors, including those related to interest rate volatility, foreign exchange rates, tariffs, and geopolitical disruptions, on our operational and financial performance remains uncertain and will depend on many factors outside of our control. Due to our subscription-based business model, the effects of any such factors may not be fully reflected in our results of operations until future periods. To the extent these factors adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition, this may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this section.
A security breach or incident may compromise the integrity of our products, create service outages for our hosted products, or allow unauthorized access to our network or our customers’ data, harm our reputation, create additional liability and adversely impact our financial results.
We make significant efforts to implement cybersecurity risk management processes that maintain the security and integrity of our product source code and the computer systems that are used to develop and host our products. However, the threats to computer systems, networks and data security are increasingly diverse and sophisticated. In addition to traditional computer “hackers,” ransomware attacks, malicious code (such as viruses and worms), employee error, theft or misuse, and denial of service attacks, sophisticated nation-state and nation-state supported actors now engage in intrusions and attacks (including advanced persistent threat intrusions), and fundamental software vulnerabilities add to the risks to our products and computer systems, including our internal network and service providers' systems, and the information they store and process. These risks and threats are heightened by the fact that many of our employees and service providers work remotely. Like all cloud service providers and organizations, our cloud software and enterprise networks could be affected by breaches and incidents caused by cybersecurity attacks and other sources. The impact of such an incident could disrupt the proper functioning of our products, create a service outage for our cloud services, cause errors in the output of our customers’ work, allow unauthorized access to, or use, disclosure, loss, acquisition, modification, unavailability, destruction or other processing of, sensitive, proprietary or confidential information of ours or our customers, and cause other destructive outcomes.
If any actual or perceived cybersecurity attack or security breach or incident affecting us or our products or services were to occur, our services could be delayed or interrupted, our reputation may suffer, customers may stop buying our products and services, we could face claims, lawsuits and other proceedings by governmental and private actors, could face fines and other potential liability, and could find it necessary or appropriate to expend significant capital and other resources to alleviate problems caused by the cybersecurity attack or security breach or incident, and our business, renewal rates, results of operations and financial condition could be negatively affected. We and our service providers may face difficulties or delays in identifying, remediating and otherwise responding to any cybersecurity attack or other security breach or incident.
In addition, as we continue to devote more resources to evaluate our computer systems, networks and products for security vulnerabilities, the cost of addressing these vulnerabilities and otherwise working to prevent security breaches and incidents could reduce our operating margins. If we do not address security vulnerabilities or otherwise provide adequate security features in our products and services, customers may delay or stop purchasing our products and services. Furthermore, we expect the risks related to computer system, network or security incidents to increase as we continue to develop our products and services, which may store, transmit and process our customers’ sensitive, proprietary or confidential data, including personal or identifying information.
We use open source and other third-party libraries and applications, which may be subject to security vulnerabilities that affect our products, services or operations. These providers historically announce security vulnerabilities in their products and libraries from time to time, which our operations and development teams monitor and evaluate for impact to our products and services. We expect these third-party providers to continue testing and making similar announcements. These announced vulnerabilities have caused our security, operations, development and customer success personnel to invest unplanned time and resources in investigation, patching, documentation, and customer communications.
We also engage third-party vendors and service providers to store and otherwise process some of our and our customers’ data, including sensitive and personal information. Our vendors and service providers may also be the targets of cyberattacks, malicious software, phishing schemes, fraud and other means of effectuating security breaches and incidents. Our ability to monitor our vendors and service providers’ data
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security is limited, and, in any event, third parties may be able to circumvent those security measures, resulting in the unauthorized access to, or misuse, disclosure, loss, acquisition, modification, unavailability, destruction or other processing of, our and our customers’ data, including sensitive and personal information. There have been and may continue to be significant supply chain attacks, and we cannot guarantee that our or our third-party providers' systems and networks have not been breached or that they do not contain exploitable defects or bugs that could result in a breach of or disruption to our systems and networks or the systems and networks of third parties that support us and our products and services.
In addition, we have acquired a number of companies, products, services and technologies and may continue to do so in the future. As a result, we may inherit additional IT security issues when we integrate these acquisitions. Throughout our history, our self-managed products have accrued historical potential security vulnerabilities. As we migrate these products and underlying features and components to our cloud platform, many of these vulnerabilities are addressed, but some may persist. These potential vulnerabilities are reviewed according to our risk-based process that considers the residual risk based on compensating controls and other factors. Within our self-managed products, some existing vulnerabilities may become more impactful over time and some vulnerabilities may be newly discovered along with the normal course of security vulnerability disclosure. These vulnerabilities may require significant unplanned engineering effort and cost to resolve and redistribute to customers who remain on the self-managed version of our software.
Further, we have incorporated artificial intelligence ("AI") technologies into our platform, and intend to continue to do so in the future. Our use of AI technologies may create additional cybersecurity risks or increase cybersecurity risks, including risks of security breaches and incidents. Further, AI technologies may be used in connection with certain cybersecurity attacks, resulting in heightened risks of security breaches and incidents.
Techniques used to sabotage or obtain unauthorized access to computers systems or networks are constantly evolving and, in some instances, are not identified until launched against a target. Attackers continuously evolve their methods of attack, including by utilizing AI for adversarial purposes. Geopolitical tensions and conflicts may also increase these risks. We and our service providers may be unable to anticipate these techniques, react in a timely manner, or implement adequate preventative measures. Further, we cannot assure that any limitations of liability provisions in our customer and user agreements, contracts with third-party vendors and service providers or other contracts would be enforceable or adequate or would otherwise protect us from any liabilities or damages with respect to any particular claim relating to a security breach or other security-related matter. We also cannot be sure that our existing insurance coverage will continue to be available on acceptable terms, if at all, or will be available in sufficient amounts, if at all, to cover claims related to a security incident or breach, or that the insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of claims against us that exceed available insurance coverage, or the occurrence of changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, could have a material adverse effect on our business, including our financial condition, operating results, and reputation.
We have experienced strong subscription revenue growth in recent periods, and our recent growth rates may not be indicative of our future growth.
We have experienced strong subscription revenue growth in recent periods. As we increase our total subscription revenue in any given period, higher year-over-year increases in the absolute value of new subscription revenue are required to maintain the same percentage growth rate. As a result, our current subscription revenue growth rates have declined in the past and may decline in future periods, may not be indicative of our future subscription revenue growth rates, may be adversely impacted by foreign exchange rates, and we may not be able to sustain revenue growth consistent with recent history, or at all. We believe our ability to continue to increase our subscription revenue depends on a number of factors, including, but not limited to:
•our ability to attract and retain subscription customers;
•our ability to expand within our existing subscription customer basis;
•our ability to continue to expand customer adoption of our platform;
•our ability to compete effectively against a variety of different vendors who offer data management products;
•continued growth of cloud-based services; and
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•our ability to continue to develop new products to expand the offerings in our platform.
If we are unable to achieve any of these requirements, our subscription revenue growth may decline, and our business and results of operations would be adversely affected.
If our existing customers terminate or do not renew their subscription or maintenance contracts, or renew for shorter durations, it could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
We expect to derive a significant portion of our Subscription ARR from our existing subscription customer base. As a result, achieving a high renewal rate of our subscriptions is critical to our business. Our customers typically have no contractual obligation to renew their subscriptions after the completion of their then current subscription term, which is typically one to three years, and certain of our customers have a right to terminate during the subscription term. Our customers’ renewal rates may decline or fluctuate, and termination rates may increase or fluctuate, as a result of a number of factors, including their lack of satisfaction with our platform or our customer support, their failure to utilize all of the IPUs purchased in their original agreement, our products’ inability to integrate with new and changing technologies, the perception of frequent or severe subscription outages, delays or lags in our product uptime or latency, and a mismatch in the pricing of our products and competing offerings.
Even if our customers renew their subscriptions, they may renew for shorter subscription terms than we anticipate, they may not expand the usage of our products at the rate we are expecting, or they may insist on other renewal terms that are less economically beneficial to us. For example, in recent periods, we have experienced lower average duration of self-managed subscription renewals. We cannot be certain that our customers will renew or expand their subscriptions nor can we be certain that our customers will not terminate their subscriptions in whole or in part. If our customers terminate or do not renew their subscriptions, or renew on less favorable terms, our revenue may grow more slowly than expected or decline, our subscription renewal rate and subscription net retention rate may decline, and we may not accurately predict future revenue from existing customers.
Achieving a high renewal rate on our maintenance contracts is important to our business. During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, maintenance revenue represented 25% and 29% of our total revenue respectively. We have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, a decline in maintenance revenue. Our customers have no contractual obligation to renew their maintenance contracts after the completion of their then current contract term, which is typically one to three years, and certain of our customers have a right to terminate during the term. Our customers’ renewal rates may decline or fluctuate, and termination rates may increase or fluctuate, as a result of a number of factors, including the change in our business model to move away from self-managed licenses in favor of cloud subscription offerings, customers’ dissatisfaction with our products or our customer support, our products’ inability to integrate with new and changing technologies, or our product pricing versus competing offerings.
Even if our customers renew their maintenance, they may renew for shorter terms than we anticipate or on other terms that are less economically beneficial to us. Customers may also not renew their maintenance if they want to move their perpetual licenses to a cloud architecture and we are unable to accommodate them with an acceptable migration plan. We cannot be certain that our customers will renew their maintenance nor can we be certain that our customers will not terminate their maintenance in whole or in part. If our customers terminate or do not renew their maintenance, or renew on less favorable terms, our revenue may grow more slowly than expected or decline, our maintenance renewal rate may decline, and we may not accurately predict future revenue from existing customers.
If we do not successfully manage our strategy and business model transition for our cloud- and subscription-based offerings, including our consumption-based model, our business may become more difficult to predict and our results of operations may be adversely affected.
The continued adoption of cloud services, the increasing customer demand for subscription-based licensing, the accelerating volume and diversity of data creation, and the critical importance of security continue to redefine business computing. We offer our products on a subscription-based license model including our cloud data management products that provide our customers with functionality within a cloud-based IT environment. Our strategy and business model for these subscription-based offerings, which are also offered on a consumption-based pricing model continue to evolve and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It is difficult to forecast the revenue mix of maintenance, self-managed subscription and cloud subscription for our new sales
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and this makes it challenging to predict what portion of our new sales will be recognized as revenue in the current period versus recognized ratably over multiple periods.
We have continued to build on our cloud-focused strategy with the development of IDMC. As a result, we are deriving an increasing portion of our revenues over time from our subscription and consumption-based offerings. For example, we are investing in our go-to-market strategies and customer success organization for our cloud subscription offerings and self-managed subscription products. These go-to-market strategies and efforts differ from those we have used for self-managed software products and may be temporarily disruptive and result in reduced sales productivity in addition to increased costs. In addition, market acceptance of subscription-based offerings, particularly cloud-based solutions, may be affected by a variety of factors, including concerns regarding the data security, privacy, cost, reliability, performance and perceived value associated with such offerings. Many customers have invested substantial resources on traditional, perpetually licensed, self-managed software solutions, and the related ongoing support services, and they may be unwilling or reluctant to migrate to cloud-based solutions or other subscription-based offerings. We may not be able to compete effectively or generate significant demand for or revenues from our subscription-based offerings. Also, we expect demand for our subscription-based offerings to unfavorably impact demand for certain of our other products and services, such as support services on perpetually licensed products. In addition, our subscription offering strategy will require continued investment in product development and operations, including cloud-based IT infrastructure. Additionally, our future success depends in part on the growth of the market for cloud data management solutions and an increase in the desire to ingest, store and process data in the cloud, and the market for cloud data management solutions and applications may not grow as expected and, even if such growth occurs, our business may not grow at similar rates, or at all. We may incur costs at a higher than expected rate as our subscription business continues to expand, adversely affecting our financial performance. In addition, we will incur costs associated with the investments in our subscription business in advance of our ability to recognize the revenue associated with our subscription offerings, which will have an adverse impact on our margins. As we continue to focus increasingly on cloud-only solutions, we have devoted, and expect to continue to devote, fewer resources to our self-managed offerings, which may cause customers who are only interested in self-managed solutions to not renew their subscription for those self-managed solutions. If we are unable to successfully establish our subscription offerings and navigate our business model transition in light of the foregoing risks and uncertainties, our results of operations could be negatively affected.
As part of our strategy to move our business model from perpetual licenses and its associated maintenance to cloud and subscription based licensing, we have undertaken a program to migrate the installed base of our traditional PowerCenter products, which were originally under perpetual licenses and self-managed subscription licenses, to our new cloud-based data integration offerings. In furtherance of this strategy, we have announced timelines for end of standard support for certain self-managed offerings, and may take similar actions in the future, which may cause us to lose customers and associated revenue. As part of these migration transactions, we have offered and may continue to offer our customers credits on their maintenance bills and related professional services to assist with the overall migration process. To date we have signed agreements to migrate approximately 13.1% of that installed base maintenance and self-managed on-premises revenue to our cloud solution. These migration projects can be time consuming and may require a significant level of professional services and customer data validation work to complete. As a result, the rate at which we are able to continue to migrate our installed base is difficult to forecast and there is no guarantee that we will be able to maintain or accelerate the pace of such migration projects.
Legal and regulatory changes in jurisdictions in which we do business, including regulations relating to AI and machine learning or to localization and transfer of personal and other regulated types of data, and changes in the manner in which those laws and regulations are interpreted and enforced, could deter or reduce customer demand.
Changes in laws and regulations relating to AI and machine learning (“ML”), privacy, data protection, and security, and changes in how courts and supervisory authorities interpret and enforce those laws and regulations, may have the effect of deterring customers in some jurisdictions from commencing, continuing, or expanding use of our products and services. In particular, laws and regulations relating to the localization of categories of information in the jurisdiction of origin or to restrictions on transfer of categories of information out of the jurisdiction may reduce demand for our provision of cloud, professional and support services and/or inhibit our ability to offer those services efficiently and effectively with the features customers desire. This risk is heightened as more customers use cloud services in lieu of self-managed software. Even where we host cloud services in a customer’s jurisdiction, regulators concerned about the possibility of surveillance and intelligence gathering by foreign government entities may encourage those customers to seek alternative services of locally owned and controlled providers where available. Laws and regulations related to AI/ML may limit the use cases
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for which customers leverage our cloud services, particularly in sectors where AI models or systems may be deemed high risk or otherwise heavily monitored or restricted. Regulatory changes may require us to devote significant additional time and attention from our personnel to maintain or expand our customer relationships in specific jurisdictions or industries to address actual or perceived risks. Additionally, increased complexity in compliance may increase our operating costs. If we are unable to retain existing customers and attract new customers as the legal and regulatory landscape continues to change, or if we fail to adapt to these changes, our results of operations may suffer. See risks related to privacy, data protection and security regulation under “Risks Related to Regulation” below.
The loss of our key personnel, an unexpected turnover in sales force personnel or decrease in sales force productivity, or the inability to attract and retain additional skilled personnel could adversely affect our ability to grow our company successfully and may negatively impact our results of operations.
We believe our ability to attract and retain highly skilled personnel and key members of our management team is critical to our long-term success. Historically, there has been a significant level of competition to attract these individuals, and we have in the past, and may in the future, experience changes in our senior management team. For example, our Chief Product Officer resigned in April 2024. As new senior personnel join our company and become familiar with our business strategy and systems, or as existing senior personnel assume new roles within the company, their integration or transition could result in disruption to our ongoing operations.
The future success of our business requires us to add, attract, train, and retain skilled personnel. We provide business practices training to our sales teams. Our business is subject to increasing structural and regulatory complexity which makes it more critical for us to attract and retain qualified and technically competent employees, in particular those knowledgeable about AI/ML, in the United States and internationally. If we are unable to effectively attract and train new personnel on a timely basis, or if we experience unexpected levels of turnover, our results of operations may be negatively affected.
We continue to be substantially dependent on our sales force to obtain new customers and to drive additional usage and sales among our existing customers. We believe that there is competition for sales personnel, including enterprise sales representatives and sales engineers, with the skills and technical knowledge that we require. Our ability to achieve revenue targets will depend, in large part, on our success in recruiting, training and retaining sufficient numbers of sales personnel to support our growth. Further, from time to time, we have experienced an increased level of turnover in our direct sales force, particularly in the first quarter of a year. Such increase in the turnover rate affects our ability to generate revenues. Although we have hired replacements in our sales force and are continuing to hire additional sales personnel to grow our business, we typically experience lower productivity from newly hired sales personnel for a period of approximately nine months. We continue to invest in training for our sales personnel, including updates to cover new, acquired, or enhanced products, as we broaden our product platform. In addition, we periodically make adjustments to our sales organization in response to a variety of internal and external factors, such as changes in our strategy, market opportunities, competitive threats, management changes, product introductions or enhancements, acquisitions, sales performance, increases in sales headcount and cost levels. Such adjustments may be temporarily disruptive and result in reduced productivity. If we are unable to effectively attract, train and retain new sales personnel, particularly sales specialists or domain experts, or if we experience an increase in the level of sales force turnover or decrease in sales force productivity, our ability to generate revenues from both new and existing customers and our growth rate may be negatively affected.
We have relied on our ability to grant equity awards as one mechanism for recruiting and retaining highly skilled talent. If our stock price falls significantly below the exercise price of stock options previously granted to employees, or has fallen from the grant date value for employee RSUs, the retention value of the equity awards we have made to employees is reduced proportionally, which may lead to higher voluntary attrition rates. As a result, we may need to provide additional cash or equity compensation to recruit and retain employees.
We currently do not have any key-man life insurance relating to our key personnel, and the employment of key personnel in the United States is generally at will and not subject to employment contracts.
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If we are unable to successfully respond to technological advances and evolving industry standards, we could experience a reduction in our future product sales, which would cause our revenues to decline.
The market for our products is characterized by continuing technological development, the emergence of new technologies, evolving industry standards, changing customer needs, and frequent new product introductions and enhancements. The introduction of products by our competitors or others incorporating new technologies, such as the use of AI/ML, the emergence of new industry standards, or changes in customer requirements could render our existing products obsolete, unmarketable, or less competitive. In addition, industry-wide adoption or increased use of hand-coding, open source standards or other uniform open standards across heterogeneous applications could minimize the importance of the integration functionality of our products and materially adversely affect the competitiveness and market acceptance of our products. Furthermore, the standards on which we choose to develop new products or enhancements may not allow us to compete effectively for business opportunities.
Our success depends upon our ability to enhance existing products, to respond to changing customer requirements, and to develop and introduce new products in a timely manner that keep pace with technological and competitive developments, including those that may incorporate AI/ML, and emerging industry standards. We may be subject to new, or heightened legal, ethical, and other challenges. We have in the past experienced delays in releasing new products and product enhancements and may experience similar delays in the future. As a result, in the past, some of our customers deferred purchasing our products until the next upgrade was released. Future delays or problems in the installation or implementation of our new releases may cause customers to forgo purchases of subscriptions to our products and purchase those of our competitors instead. Additionally, even if we are able to develop new products and product enhancements, we cannot ensure that they will achieve market acceptance.
Our current research and development efforts, including the introduction of new products, the integration of acquired products, and the enhancement of existing products, may not be successful or result in significant revenue, cost savings or other benefits in the near future, if at all.
Rapid technological changes, including changes in customer requirements and preferences, are characteristic in the software industry. In particular, in the market for enterprise data management software and services, especially for broader data management initiatives, we have experienced increased competition from new and emerging technologies and increased market confusion from our customers or prospective customers about the benefits of our products compared to other solutions. In order to address the expanding data management needs of our customers and prospective customers, and to respond to rapid technological changes, technological trends and customer concerns, we introduce new products and technology enhancements on a regular basis, including products we acquire. For example, in 2023, we acquired Privitar Limited, a provider of privacy and security controls for enterprise data customers and released the PowerCenter Cloud Edition to accelerate migrations from on-premises PowerCenter to IDMC. In 2024, we introduced CLAIRE GPT and CLAIRE AI copilot. We intend to continue our investments to develop and introduce new products and product enhancements.
Introduction of new products, integration of acquired products and enhancement of existing products is a complex and costly process involving inherent risks, such as:
•the failure to accurately anticipate the impact of new and emerging technologies or changes in technological trends;
•the failure to accurately anticipate changes in customer requirements and preferences;
•delays in completion, launch, delivery, or availability;
•delays in customer adoption or market acceptance;
•delays in customer purchases in anticipation of products not yet released;
•product quality issues, including the possibility of defects and the costs of remediating any such defects;
•market confusion based on changes to the product packaging and pricing as a result of a new product release;
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•market confusion based on the introduction of new and emerging technologies by us and our competitors or changes in technological trends, particularly the shift to cloud-based solutions;
•interoperability and integration issues between our existing products and newly acquired products or technologies, and the costs of remediating any such issues;
•interoperability and integration issues with third-party technologies and the costs of remediating any such issues;
•customer issues with migrating or upgrading from previous product versions and the costs of remediating any such issues;
•bugs, errors, or other defects or deficiencies in the early stages of introduction;
•loss of existing customers that choose a competitor’s product instead of upgrading or migrating to the new or enhanced product; and
•loss of maintenance revenues from existing customers that do not upgrade or migrate.
Developing our products and related enhancements is expensive. We devote significant resources to the development of new products, the acquisition of products, and the enhancement of existing products, as well as to the integration of these products with each other. Our investments in research and development may not result in significant design improvements, marketable products or features, or may result in products that are more expensive than anticipated. Additionally, we may not achieve the cost savings or the anticipated performance improvements we expect, and we may take longer to generate revenue, or generate less revenue, than we anticipate. Our future plans include significant investments in research and development and related product opportunities. We believe that we must continue to dedicate a significant amount of resources to our research and development efforts to maintain our competitive position. However, we may not receive significant revenue from these investments in the near future, if at all, or these investments may not yield the expected benefits, either of which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. For example, while the use of AI/ML are leading to advancements in technology, if they are not widely adopted and accepted or fail to operate as expected, our business and reputation may be harmed. In addition, as we develop new products, particularly those based on new or emerging technologies, we may need to develop sales and marketing strategies that differ from the strategies we currently utilize, which may result in increased levels of investment and additional costs. For example, we are continuing to evolve our business model to increase subscription revenue and we are investing in our go-to-market strategies for our newer products.
Additionally, we have in the past experienced bugs, errors, or other defects or deficiencies in new products, including cloud subscription offerings and product updates and may have similar experiences in the future. Furthermore, our ability to increase the usage of our products depends, in part, on the development of new use cases for our products and may be outside of our control. We also have invested, and may continue to invest, in the acquisition of complementary businesses, technologies, services, products and other assets that expand the products that we can offer our customers. We may make these investments without being certain that they will result in products or enhancements that will be accepted by existing or prospective customers. Additionally, even if we are able to develop new products and product enhancements, we cannot ensure that they will achieve market acceptance. If we are unable to successfully enhance our existing products to meet evolving customer requirements, increase adoption and usage of our products, develop new products, or if our efforts to increase the usage of our products are more expensive than we expect, then our business, results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected.
If we do not compete effectively, our revenues may not grow and could decline.
The market for our products is highly competitive, quickly evolving, and subject to rapidly changing technology, which may expand the alternatives available to our current and potential customers for their data management requirements. Our competition consists of:
•hand-coded custom-built solutions developed by internal IT teams;
•point solution vendors that compete with one of our products;
•cloud service providers (“CSPs”) with limited platform-specific capabilities in data management; and
•stack vendors that compete across in many of our markets with data management solutions.
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From time to time, we compete with business intelligence and analytics vendors that offer, or may develop, products with functionalities that compete with our products.
Certain of our competitors have substantially greater financial, technical, marketing, and other resources, greater name recognition, specialized sales or domain expertise, broader product portfolios and stronger customer relationships than we do and may be able to exert greater influence on customer purchasing decisions. New or emerging technologies, technological trends or changes in customer requirements may result in certain of our strategic partners, including CSPs, becoming potential competitors in the future. Our competitors may be able to respond more quickly than we can to new or emerging technologies, technological trends and changes in customer requirements. Our current and potential competitors may develop and market new technologies that render our existing or future products obsolete, unmarketable, or less competitive. In addition, new products or enhancements of existing products that we introduce may not adequately address or respond to new or emerging technologies, technological trends or changes in customer requirements. Moreover, competition from new and emerging technologies and changes in technological trends, particularly the shift to cloud-based solutions, has increased market confusion about the benefits of our products compared to other solutions.
We expect competition to increase as other established and emerging companies enter the data management and data integration software market, as customer requirements evolve and as new products and technologies are introduced. Our ability to compete depends upon many factors both within and beyond our control, including the following:
•ability to offer a comprehensive platform with best of breed products;
•interoperability with multi-cloud, hybrid environments and applications;
•ability to embed advanced AI and machine learning in our platform;
•performance, reliability and security;
•ease of deployment and ease of use by the full breadth of data practitioners;
•elasticity and ability to quickly scale services;
•strength of cloud ecosystem partnerships;
•responsiveness to evolving customer needs and use cases;
•success of sales & marketing efforts;
•quality of customer support; and
•brand awareness and reputation.
We may have difficulty competing on the basis of price in circumstances where our competitors develop and market products with similar or superior functionality and pursue an aggressive pricing strategy. For example, some of our competitors may provide guarantees of prices and product implementation, offer data management products at no cost in order to charge a premium for additional functionality, or bundle data management products with other products at no cost to the customer or at deeply discounted prices for promotional purposes or as a long-term pricing strategy. These difficulties may increase as larger companies target the data management markets. A customer may be unwilling to pay a separate cost for our data management products if the customer has a bundled pricing arrangement with a company that offers a wider variety of products than us. As a result, increased competition, alternate pricing models and bundling strategies could seriously impede our ability to sell additional products and services on terms favorable to us.
In addition, consolidation among vendors in the software industry is continuing at a rapid pace. Our current and potential competitors may make additional strategic acquisitions, consolidate their operations, or establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with other solution providers, thereby increasing their ability to provide a broader suite of software products or solutions and more effectively address the needs of our current and prospective customers. These actions could cause potential customers to defer or not proceed with purchasing our products, or limit our ability to sell products through existing channels. If any of this were to occur, our ability to market and sell our software products would be impaired. In addition, competitive pressures could reduce our market share or require us to reduce our prices, either of which could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
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Furthermore, during periods of U.S. or global economic uncertainty, our customers’ capital spending may be significantly reduced. As a result, there is significantly increased competition for the allocation of IT budget dollars, and other IT implementations may take priority over the use of our products and services.
We may experience fluctuations in our quarterly or annual operating results, especially in the amount of self-managed subscription license and other license revenues we recognize.
Our quarterly and annual operating results, particularly the upfront point-in-time portion of revenue from new sales and contract renewals of our self-managed subscription license, have fluctuated in the past and may do so in the future. Our self-managed products, predominantly sold under a subscription-based license, are difficult to forecast accurately and are vulnerable to short-term shifts in customer demand. In the past, we have experienced, and may in the future experience, a reduction in contract duration for self-managed subscription license renewals, which reduces the amount of revenue that we recognize upfront on these transactions. We may also experience a reduction in contract duration for net new self-managed subscription licenses, which would reduce the amount of revenue that we recognize upfront on these transactions. Also, we may experience order deferrals by customers in anticipation of future new product introductions or product enhancements, as well as a result of their particular budgeting and purchase cycles. The continued global economic and geopolitical uncertainty may also cause further customer order deferrals or reductions, stricter customer purchasing controls and approval processes, and adversely affect budgeting and purchase cycles. By comparison, our short-term expenses are relatively fixed and based in part on our expectations of future revenues. We generally recognize a substantial portion of our self-managed subscription license revenues in the last month of each quarter and, sometimes in the last few weeks or days of each quarter. As a result, we cannot predict the adverse impact caused by cancellations or delays in prospective orders until the end of each quarter. We have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, a decline in self-managed subscription license revenues.
Moreover, the expansion of our product portfolio through the introduction of new products and programs, and the transition to cloud and consumption-based pricing, has increased the complexity of our transactions, increased the length of our sales cycles and reduced the predictability of the timing and the amount of future sales.
Due to the difficulty we experience in predicting our quarterly self-managed subscription license revenues, we believe that period-to-period comparisons of our operating results are not necessarily a good indication of our future performance.
In addition, a number of the other factors discussed in this section may cause fluctuations in our quarterly or annual operating results. As a result, our future operating results or forecasts of future operating results could fail to meet the expectations of investors, which could cause our stock price to decline.
Market adoption of cloud-based data management solutions may not grow as we expect, which may harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Market acceptance of cloud-based solutions may be affected by a variety of factors, including concerns regarding the security, privacy, cost, reliability, performance and perceived value associated with such offerings. Many customers have invested substantial resources on traditional, on-premises software solutions and the related ongoing support services, and they may be unwilling or reluctant to migrate to cloud-based solutions. If our cloud-based solutions do not achieve widespread adoption or the market for cloud-based data management solutions generally does not evolve as expected, it could result in reduced customer purchases, reduced renewal rates and decreased revenue, any of which will adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If we are unable to accurately forecast sales and trends in our business, we may fail to meet expectations.
We use a “pipeline” system, a common industry practice, to forecast sales and trends in our business. Our sales personnel monitor the status of all potential sales of our products and estimate when a customer will make a purchase decision and the potential dollar amount of the sale. We aggregate these estimates periodically in order to generate a sales pipeline. We assess the pipeline at various points in time to look for trends in our business. While this pipeline analysis may provide us with some guidance in business planning and budgeting, these pipeline estimates are necessarily speculative. Our pipeline estimates may not correlate to
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revenues in a particular quarter or over a longer period of time, particularly in a weak or uncertain global macroeconomic environment. In addition, our pipeline estimates can prove to be unreliable in a particular quarter or over a longer period of time, in part because both the “conversion rate” of the pipeline into actual sales and the quality and timing of pipeline generation can be very difficult to estimate.
The conversion of the sales pipeline into actual subscription sales may also be affected by the tendency of some of our customers to wait until the end of a fiscal period in the hope of obtaining more favorable terms, which can also impede our ability to negotiate, execute and deliver on these contracts in a timely manner. Because we have historically converted a substantial portion of our pipeline into sales in the last month of each quarter and sometimes in the last few weeks of each quarter, we may not be able to adjust our cost structure in a timely manner in response to variations in the pipeline conversion rate. In addition, for newly acquired companies, we have limited ability to predict how their pipelines will convert into sales or revenues following acquisition. Any change in the conversion rate of the pipeline into customer sales or in the pipeline itself could cause us to improperly budget for future expenses that are in line with our expected future revenues, which would adversely affect our operating margins and results of operations.
A reduction in our sales pipeline and pipeline conversion rate could adversely affect the growth of our company.
We continue to experience a reduced conversion rate of our overall pipeline year over year, primarily as a result of general economic slowdowns, macroeconomic uncertainty and geopolitical disruptions, which caused the amount of customer purchases to be reduced, deferred, or cancelled. Recent and current global macroeconomic uncertainty and trends have had and may continue to have an adverse effect on our pipeline conversion rate for the foreseeable future. If we are unable to continue to increase the size of our sales pipeline and our pipeline conversion rate, our results of operations could fail to meet the expectations of investors, which could cause our stock price to decline.
We have international operations and sales offices in other countries and have experienced and may continue to experience various leadership transitions in our worldwide sales organization.
As our products become more complex and we target new customers, we expect to broaden our go-to-market initiatives and, as a result, our sales and marketing expenses may increase. We expect these investments to increase our revenues, sales productivity, and eventually our profitability. However, if we experience unexpected turnover in sales personnel, do not achieve expected increases in our sales pipeline, experience a decline in our sales pipeline conversion rate, or do not achieve increases in productivity and efficiencies from our new sales personnel, then we may not achieve our expected increases in revenue, sales productivity, and profitability.
As a result of our lengthy sales cycles, our expected revenues are susceptible to fluctuations, which could cause us to fail to meet expectations.
Due to the expense, broad functionality, and company-wide deployment of our products, our customers’ decisions to purchase subscriptions to our products typically require the approval of their executive decision makers. Macroeconomic uncertainty, inflationary pressures, volatility and uncertainty in the financial services sector, geopolitical disruptions, and other challenging global economic conditions, including international trade regulations and tariffs, have and are likely to continue to adversely affect the buying patterns of our customers and prospective customers, including stricter purchasing controls, the size of transactions, and length of our sales cycle. In addition, educating potential customers about the full benefits of our products can require significant time. These trends are likely to increase, particularly as we expand our market focus to broader data management initiatives and experience increased competition from new or emerging technologies. Further, our sales cycle has lengthened, and may continue to lengthen, as we continue to focus our sales efforts on large corporations. In addition, the purchase of subscriptions to our products may be delayed, or our sales cycle may become more complex, due to customer concerns about migrating pre-existing self-managed license products to cloud offerings, or potential conflicts in our sales channels and sales processes as we increasingly sell our subscription-based cloud offerings to accounts that have pre-existing self-managed license-based products. As a result of these factors, the length of time from our initial contact with a customer to the customer’s decision to purchase subscriptions to our products typically ranges from three to twelve months. We are subject to a
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number of significant risks as a result of our lengthy sales cycle that could delay, reduce or otherwise adversely affect the purchase of subscriptions to our products, including:
•changes in our customers’ budgetary constraints and internal risk acceptance and review procedures;
•the timing of our customers’ budget cycles;
•the seasonality of technology purchases, which historically has resulted in stronger sales of our products in the fourth quarter of the year, especially when compared to lighter sales in the first quarter of the year;
•our customers’ analyses of new or retired products, programs and features introduced during the sales cycle;
•our customers’ concerns about managing a combination of perpetual license-based products and subscription-based products;
•market confusion over the introduction of new or emerging technologies by us or our competitors or changes in technological trends, particularly the shift to cloud-based solutions; or
•potential downturns in general economic or political conditions or potential tightening of credit markets that could occur during the sales cycle.
If our sales cycles lengthen unexpectedly, this could adversely affect the timing of our revenues or increase costs which may independently cause fluctuations in our revenues and results of operations. Finally, if we are unsuccessful in closing sales of our products after spending significant funds and management resources, our operating margins and results of operations could be adversely impacted.
The sales prices of our products may decrease, which may reduce our gross profits and adversely affect our financial results.
The sales prices for our subscription offerings and professional services may decline for a variety of reasons, including competitive pricing pressures, discounts, a change in our mix of subscription offerings, self-managed offerings and professional services and their respective margins, anticipation of the introduction of new subscription offerings or professional services, or promotional programs. Additionally, currency fluctuations in certain countries and regions may negatively impact actual prices that channel partners and customers are willing to pay in those countries and regions. Competition continues to increase in the market segments in which we participate, and we expect competition to further increase in the future, thereby leading to increased pricing pressures. Larger competitors with more diverse product and service offerings may reduce the price of products or services that compete with ours or may bundle them with other products and services. We cannot guarantee that we will be successful in developing and introducing new subscription offerings with enhanced functionality on a timely basis, or that any such new subscription offerings, if introduced, will enable us to maintain our prices and gross profits at levels that will allow us to achieve and maintain profitability.
We rely on our relationships with our strategic partners. If we do not establish, maintain and strengthen these relationships, our ability to generate revenue and control expenses could be adversely affected.
We believe that our ability to increase the sales of our products depends in part upon establishing, maintaining and strengthening relationships with our current strategic partners and any future strategic partners.
In addition to our direct sales force, we rely on established relationships with a variety of strategic partners, such as hyperscaler cloud partners, cloud data platforms, systems integrators, resellers, and distributors, for marketing, licensing, implementing, and supporting our products in the United States and internationally. We also rely on relationships with strategic technology partners, such as enterprise application providers, database vendors, data quality vendors, and enterprise information integration vendors, for the promotion and implementation of our products. In addition, as we develop new products, particularly those based on new or emerging technologies, we may need to establish relationships with new strategic partners, including those that may differ from the types of strategic partners we currently have. We may not be able to successfully establish such relationships, which may adversely affect the market acceptance of our products. In addition, given our limited history with our newer strategic partners, we cannot be certain these relationships will result in significant increases in sales of our products, particularly our newer products.
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Our strategic partners offer products from several different companies, including, in some cases, products that compete with our products. We have limited control, if any, as to whether these strategic partners devote adequate resources to promoting, selling, and implementing our products as compared to our competitors’ products. Also, new or emerging technologies, technological trends or changes in customer requirements may result in certain of our strategic partners becoming potential competitors in the future. In addition, from time to time our strategic partners have acquired, and will likely continue to acquire, competitors of ours. Such consolidation makes it critical that we continue to develop, maintain and strengthen our relationships with other strategic partners. We may not be able to strengthen such relationships and successfully generate additional revenue.
Our Informatica Partner Program agreements with our strategic partners typically have a duration of 24 months, and generally may be terminated for any reason by either party with advance notice prior to each renewal date. It should be noted that in some jurisdictions, even with a right to termination for convenience, partners may be entitled to compensation upon termination, depending on local law, their level of investment and the notice period given. There can be no assurance that we will retain these strategic partners or that we will be able to secure additional or replacement strategic partners. The loss of one or more of our significant strategic partners or a decline in the number or size of orders from any of them could harm our ability to close transactions, which would reduce our revenues and results of operations. In addition, many of our new strategic partners require extensive training and may take several months or more to achieve productivity. Our strategic partner sales structure could subject us to lawsuits, potential liability, and reputational harm if, for example, any of our strategic partners misrepresents the functionality of our offerings, violates laws or does not comply with our policies or their own policies. If our strategic partners are unsuccessful in fulfilling the orders for our offerings, or if we are unable to enter into arrangements with and retain high quality strategic partners, our ability to sell our offerings and results of operations could be harmed.
In addition, we may not be able to maintain strategic partnerships or attract sufficient additional strategic partners who have the ability to market our products effectively, are qualified to provide timely and cost-effective customer support and service, or have the technical expertise and personnel resources necessary to implement our products for our customers. In particular, if our strategic partners do not devote sufficient resources to implement our products, we may incur substantial additional costs associated with hiring and training additional qualified technical personnel to implement solutions for our customers in a timely manner.
Furthermore, our relationships with our strategic partners may not generate enough revenue to offset the significant resources used to develop these relationships. If we are unable to leverage the strength of our strategic partnerships to generate additional revenues, our revenues could decline.
Delivering certain of our products via the cloud increases our expenses and may pose other challenges to our business.
We offer and sell software products delivered as a cloud service and software that is self-managed by our customers using their own infrastructure. Our cloud solutions enable quick setup and subscription pricing. We have less experience selling our cloud service offerings. We believe that over time more customers will move to the cloud offering. As more of our customers transition to the cloud, we may be subject to additional contractual obligations with respect to privacy and data protection, service level agreements, as well as competitive pressures and higher operating costs, any of which may harm our business. We are directing a significant portion of our financial and operating resources to implement a robust cloud offering for our products, but even if we continue to make these investments, we may be unsuccessful in growing or implementing our cloud offering competitively, and our business, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed. If our cloud offering does not develop as quickly as we expect, or if we are unable to continue to scale our systems to meet the requirements of a large cloud offering, our business may be harmed.
We expect our revenue mix to vary over time, which could harm our gross margin and operating results.
We expect our revenue mix to vary over time due to a number of factors, including the mix of our self-managed subscription products, cloud subscription offerings, and professional services revenue. Due to the differing revenue recognition policies applicable to our self-managed subscription licenses, which is recognized at a point in time, and cloud subscriptions, which is recognized ratably over the contractual term, shifts in our business mix from quarter-to-quarter or period-to-period could produce substantial variation in revenue recognized. Further, our gross margins and operating results could be harmed by changes in revenue mix and costs, together with numerous other factors, including entry into new markets or growth in lower-margin
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markets; entry into markets with different pricing and cost structures; pricing discounts; and increased price competition. Any one of these factors or the cumulative effects of certain of these factors may result in significant fluctuations in our gross margin and operating results. This variability, unpredictability and varying revenue recognition methods could result in our failure to meet internal expectations or those of securities analysts or investors for a particular period. If we fail to meet or exceed such expectations for these or any other reasons, the market price of our Class A common stock could decline significantly.
We have a history of losses and may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability on a consistent basis. If we cannot achieve or maintain profitability, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may suffer.
Prior to our IPO, we were taken private in a 2015 transaction led by Permira and CPP Investments (each a "Sponsor" and together "our Sponsors"). As a result of the transaction, we recorded $3.1 billion in acquired technology and intangible assets and incurred debt. We continue to recognize amortization expense from these assets and interest expense from the debt incurred, which has in prior periods contributed to reported net losses and will continue to reduce otherwise reportable net income. In addition, we anticipate that our operating expenses generally will increase in absolute dollars in the long term as we continue to enhance our offerings, broaden our customer base, expand our sales and marketing activities particularly with regard to our subscription-based offerings, expand our operations, hire additional employees, and continue to develop our technology. These efforts may prove more expensive than we currently anticipate, and we may not succeed in increasing our revenue sufficiently, or at all, to offset these higher expenses. Revenue growth may slow or revenue may decline for a number of possible reasons, including slowing demand for our products and services or increasing competition. Any failure to increase our revenue as we grow our business could prevent us from achieving profitability or positive cash flow at all or on a consistent basis, which would cause our business, financial condition, and results of operations to suffer. Additionally, increases in interest rates have impacted and will continue to impact profitability as our Credit Facilities (as defined below) have variable interest rates which are no longer being offset by the interest rate swaps that we previously entered into and matured on December 31, 2022.
Our ability to increase sales of our offerings is highly dependent on the quality of our products and customer support, and our failure to offer high quality products and support would have an adverse effect on our business, reputation and results of operations.
After our products are deployed, our customers depend on our maintenance and support services to resolve issues relating to our products, as well as our professional services, consisting of consulting and education services. If we do not succeed in helping our customers quickly resolve post-deployment issues or provide effective ongoing support and education on our products, our ability to sell additional subscriptions to existing customers or expand the value of existing customers’ subscriptions would be adversely affected and our reputation with potential customers could be damaged. Many larger enterprise and government entity customers have more complex IT environments and require higher levels of support than smaller customers. If we fail to meet the requirements of these enterprise customers, it may be more difficult to grow sales with them.
Additionally, it can take several months to recruit, hire, and train qualified technical support employees. We may not be able to hire such resources fast enough to keep up with demand, particularly if the sales of our offerings exceed our internal forecasts. To the extent that we are unsuccessful in hiring, training, and retaining adequate support resources, our ability to provide adequate and timely support to our customers, and our customers’ satisfaction with our offerings, will be adversely affected. Our failure to provide and maintain high-quality products and support services would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Products sold as a subscription may increase the difficulty of evaluating the performance of our business during a particular period.
We recognize a portion of our total subscription revenue ratably over the term of the subscription agreements, which are typically one to three years in length. As a result, the subscription revenue we report in each quarter is the result of subscription agreements entered into during previous quarters. Consequently, a decline in subscription agreements in any one quarter may not significantly affect, if at all, our results in that quarter but could result in a reduction of revenue recognized in future quarters. We may not be able to adjust our cost structure in response to changes in revenue. Accordingly, the effect of significant downturns in sales of
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products sold as a subscription may not be fully reflected in our results of operations until future periods. Also, since revenue from customers is recognized, in part, over the term of their subscription, it is difficult for us to rapidly increase revenue through additional sales in any period. The timing of such revenue recognition may make it more difficult to forecast sales and trends in our business, particularly changes in revenue, and could have a potentially negative impact on our financial performance. By contrast, a significant majority of our costs are expensed as incurred. As a result, an increase in customers could result in our recognition of more costs than revenue in the earlier portion of the subscription contract term.
Furthermore, our customers have no obligation to renew their subscription agreement after the expiration of their current subscription period, and in fact, some former customers have elected not to renew. As a result, we may not be able to accurately predict future renewal rates, and our customers’ renewal rates may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including lack of satisfaction with our subscription-based offerings, the prices of our subscription-based offerings and being uncompetitive with the prices offered by competitors, perceived security risks associated with our systems, reductions in customers’ spending levels, a competitor’s product being perceived as better than our product, and general economic conditions. If our customers do not renew their subscriptions, or if they renew on less favorable terms, our revenue may decline.
Any significant defect, error or performance failure in our software or services could cause us to lose revenue and expose us to product or other liability claims.
The software and services we offer are inherently complex and, despite extensive testing and quality control, have in the past and may in the future contain defects or errors, especially when first introduced, or not perform as contemplated. These defects, errors or performance failures could cause damage to our reputation, security or privacy breaches or incidents, loss of customers or revenue, product returns, order cancellations, service terminations, or lack of market acceptance of our software and services. As the use of our software and services, including software or services recently acquired or developed, expands to more sensitive, secure, or mission critical uses by our customers, we may be subject to increased scrutiny, potential reputational risk, or potential liability should our software or services fail to perform as contemplated in such deployments. We have in the past and may in the future need to issue corrective releases of our software or services to fix these defects, errors or performance failures, which could require us to allocate significant research and development and customer support resources to address these problems.
Our license and subscription agreements with our customers typically contain provisions designed to limit our exposure to potential product liability claims or liability for data loss or security or privacy breaches. However, the limitation of liability provisions contained in our license agreements may not be effective as a result of existing or future national, federal, state, or local laws or ordinances or unfavorable judicial decisions. Those limitation of liability provisions may also not be sufficient to protect against material losses if several different customers experienced security or privacy breaches or incidents related to the use of our software or services in the same year. Although we have not experienced any product liability claims to date, the sale and support of our products entail the risk of such claims, which could be substantial in light of the use of our products in enterprise-wide environments. In addition, our insurance against product liability may not be adequate to cover a potential claim.
If our products are unable to interoperate or maintain connectivity with products and services developed and maintained by third parties that are not within our control, our ability to develop and sell our products to our customers could be adversely affected, which would result in harm to our business and operating results.
Our products are designed to interoperate with, connect to, and provide access to a wide range of third-party developed and maintained database connectors, including hardware and software technologies, which are used by our customers. The future design and development plans of the third parties that maintain these technologies are not within our control and may not be in line with our future product development plans. We may also rely on such third parties to provide us with access to these technologies so that we can properly test and develop our products to interoperate with these third-party technologies. These third parties may in the future refuse or otherwise be unable to provide us with the necessary access to their technologies. In addition, these third parties may decide to design or develop their technologies in a manner that would not be interoperable with our own. If a third party ceases to enable connectivity to products and platforms or specific features thereof, our products' value may be adversely affected, possibly resulting in customer dissatisfaction, difficulty in supporting current licenses and subscriptions, and loss of sales of future licenses and subscriptions.
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The continued consolidation in the enterprise software market may heighten these risks. Furthermore, our expanding product line, including our combination of products delivered on a comprehensive, unified and open data management platform makes maintaining interoperability more difficult as various products may have different levels of interoperability and compatibility, which may change from version to version. If any of the situations described above were to occur, we would not be able to continue to develop or market our products as interoperable with such third-party database connectors, which could adversely affect our ability to successfully sell our products to our customers.
Acquisitions present many risks, which could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
The Merger Agreement with Salesforce provides for certain restrictions on our activities until the Effective Time or until the Merger Agreement is terminated, including restrictions on our ability to acquire any business. From time to time, we evaluate potential acquisitions in complementary businesses, products, or technologies. For example, in 2023, we acquired Privitar Limited, a provider of data privacy and security controls for enterprise data customers.
Acquisitions involve a number of risks, including:
•the failure to capture the value of the business we acquired, including the loss of any key personnel, customers and business relationships, including strategic partnerships, or the failure of the transaction to advance our business strategy as anticipated;
•the difficulties in and costs associated with successfully integrating or incorporating the acquired company’s products, technologies, services, employees, customers, partners, business operations and administrative systems with ours, particularly when the acquired company operates in international jurisdictions;
•the disruption of our ongoing business and the diversion of management’s attention by transition or integration issues;
•any difficulties in consolidating the acquired company’s financial results with ours, in particular as a result of different accounting principles or financial reporting standards, and the adverse consequences to us of any delay in obtaining the necessary financial information for such consolidation, any unanticipated change in financial information previously reported to us, or the impact the acquired company’s financial performance has on our financial performance as a result of such consolidation;
•the failure to accurately predict how the acquired company’s pipeline will convert into sales or revenues following the acquisition, as conversion rates post-acquisition may be quite different from the acquired company’s historical conversion rates and can be affected by changes in business practices that we implement;
•any inability to generate revenue from the acquired company’s products in an amount sufficient to offset the associated acquisition and maintenance costs, including addressing issues related to the availability of offerings on multiple platforms and from cross-selling and up-selling our products to the acquired company’s installed customer base or the acquired company’s products to our installed customer base; and
•the failure to adequately identify or assess significant problems, liabilities or other issues, including issues with the acquired company’s technology or intellectual property, product quality, security, privacy practices, accounting practices, employees, customers or partners, regulatory compliance, or legal or financial contingencies, particularly when the acquired company operates in international jurisdictions.
We may not be successful in overcoming these risks or any other problems encountered in connection with our acquisitions. To the extent that we are unable to successfully manage these risks, our business, operating results, or financial condition could be adversely affected.
In addition, the consideration paid in connection with an acquisition also affects our financial results. If we should proceed with one or more significant acquisitions in which the consideration includes cash, we could be required to use a substantial portion of our available cash to consummate any such acquisition.
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In addition, acquisitions may result in our incurring additional taxes, unforeseen or higher than expected costs, debt, material one-time write-offs, or purchase accounting adjustments including the write-down of deferred revenue and restructuring charges. They may also result in recording goodwill and other intangible assets in our financial statements which may be subject to future impairment charges or ongoing amortization costs, thereby reducing future earnings. In addition, from time to time, we may enter into negotiations for acquisitions or investments that are not ultimately consummated. Such negotiations could result in significant diversion of management time, as well as incurring expenses that may impact operating results.
If our products and services do not achieve and/or maintain broad market acceptance, our revenues and revenue growth rate may be adversely affected.
Historically, a significant portion of our revenues have been derived from sales of our traditional on-premise self-managed data management products, such as PowerCenter and PowerExchange, and related services, and we expect this to continue for the foreseeable future, although at a declining rate as we encourage customers to migrate to our cloud products. If these products and services do not maintain market acceptance, our revenues may decrease faster than we anticipate. In recent years, we have expanded our platform to include cloud products and services in the emerging market for broader data management initiatives, such as cloud data integration, cloud application integration, cloud data quality and governance, enterprise data catalog, master data management ("MDM"), customer data platform, enterprise integration platform as a service, and data privacy management, among others.
Our newer products may not achieve market acceptance if our customers or prospective customers:
•do not fully value the benefits of using our products;
•do not achieve favorable results using our products;
•use their budgets for other products that have priority over our products;
•defer or decrease product purchases due to macroeconomic uncertainty or global economic conditions;
•experience technical difficulties in implementing our products; or
•use alternative methods to solve the problems addressed by our products.
Market acceptance of our products may also be affected if, among other things, competition substantially increases in the data management market or transactional applications suppliers integrate their products to such a degree that the utility of the functionality that our products and services provide is minimized or rendered unnecessary. Market acceptance of our products may also be affected by customer confusion surrounding the introduction of new and emerging technologies by us and our competitors or changes in technological trends, particularly the shift to cloud-based solutions or the increase in the use of AI/ML, and confusion about the benefits of our products compared to other solutions. In addition, in order to enable our sales personnel and our external distribution channels to sell these newer products effectively, we have continued to invest resources and incur additional costs in training programs on new product functionalities, key differentiators, and key business values. If these newer products do not achieve market acceptance, our revenues could be adversely affected and our revenue growth rate and profitability could decline.
If we are not able to maintain and enhance our brand, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.
We believe that the brand identities that we have developed have contributed significantly to the success of our business. We also believe that maintaining and enhancing our brands is important to expanding our customer base and attracting talented employees. In order to maintain and enhance our brands, we may be required to make further investments that may not be successful. Maintaining our brands will depend in part on our ability to remain a leader in data integration and management technology, our ability to preserve our independence and neutrality, and our ability to continue to provide high-quality offerings and customer service. In addition, we could be the subject of a negative social media campaign beyond our control that could adversely affect the perception of our brand. If we fail to promote and maintain our brands, or if we incur excessive costs in doing so, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be harmed.
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Our corporate culture has contributed to our success, and if we cannot maintain this culture as we grow, we could lose the innovation, creativity and entrepreneurial spirit we have worked to foster, which could harm our business.
We believe that our culture has been and will continue to be a key contributor to our success. We expect to continue targeted hiring to support our business strategy. If we do not maintain our strong corporate culture as our workforce changes, we may be unable to foster the innovation, creativity, and entrepreneurial spirit that we believe we need to support our growth and to maintain our leadership position in the data management market. Our previous reductions in force may also affect employee morale and relationships, which could have an effect on our corporate culture.
We rely on a number of different distribution channels to sell and market our products. Any conflicts that we may experience within these various distribution channels could result in confusion for our customers and a decrease in revenue and operating margins.
We have a number of relationships with resellers, system integrators, and distributors that assist us in obtaining broad market coverage for our products and services. Although our discount policies, sales commission structure, and reseller licensing programs are intended to support each distribution channel with a minimum level of channel conflicts, we may not be able to minimize these channel conflicts in the future. Any channel conflicts that we may experience could result in confusion for our customers and a decrease in revenue and operating margins.
The seasonality of our business can create variance in our quarterly bookings, subscription revenue and cash flows from operations.
Demand for our software products and services are generally highest in the fourth quarter and lowest in the first quarter of each year. We believe that this seasonality results from a number of factors, including companies using their IT budget at the end of the calendar year resulting in higher sales activity in the quarter ending December 31. The seasonality of our business may cause continued or increased fluctuations in our results of operations and cash flows, which may prevent us from achieving our quarterly or annual forecasts or meeting or exceeding the expectations of research analysts or investors, which in turn may cause a decline in the trading price of our Class A common stock.
Our future quarterly or annual results may fluctuate significantly, which could adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock.
Our results of operations, including the levels of our revenue, cost of revenue, gross margin, operating expenses, cash flow and deferred revenue, have fluctuated from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year in the past and may continue to vary significantly in the future so that period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations may not be meaningful. Accordingly, our financial results in any one quarter or period should not be relied upon as indicative of future performance. Our quarterly or annual financial results may fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control, may be difficult to predict, and may or may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business. Because the timing and amount of our revenue is difficult to forecast and because our operating costs and expenses are relatively fixed in the short term, if our revenue does not meet our expectations, we are unlikely to be able to adjust our spending to levels commensurate with our revenue. As a result, the effect of revenue shortfalls on our results of operations may be more accentuated, and these and other fluctuations in quarterly results may negatively affect the market price of our Class A common stock. Among the factors that may cause fluctuations in our quarterly financial results are those listed below:
•our ability to attract and retain new customers;
•the addition or loss of enterprise customers;
•our ability to successfully expand our business domestically and internationally;
•our ability to gain new channel partners and retain existing channel partners;
•fluctuations in the growth rate of the overall market that our solution addresses;
•fluctuations in the mix of our revenue;
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•the unpredictable timing of our receipt of new and renewal orders for self-managed subscriptions-based licenses, for which we recognize the majority of revenue upfront;
•the amount and timing of operating expenses related to the maintenance and expansion of our business and operations, including continued investments in sales and marketing, research and development and general and administrative resources;
•network outages or performance degradation of our cloud service;
•security breaches and incidents;
•general economic, industry and market conditions, including inflationary pressures, volatility and uncertainty in the financial services sector, tariffs, and any geopolitical disruptions or economic responses and counter-responses or otherwise by various global actors, including the military conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and conflicts in the Middle East;
•decreases in customer renewal rates;
•increases or decreases in the number of elements of our subscription offerings or pricing changes upon any renewals of customer agreements;
•changes in our pricing policies or those of our competitors;
•the budgeting cycles and purchasing practices of customers;
•decisions by potential customers to purchase alternative solutions from larger, more established vendors, including from their primary software vendors;
•decisions by potential customers to develop in-house solutions as alternatives to our platform;
•insolvency or credit difficulties confronting our customers, which could adversely affect their ability to purchase or pay for our software and services;
•delays in our ability to fulfill our customers’ orders;
•seasonal variations in sales of our solution;
•the cost and potential outcomes of future litigation or other disputes;
•future accounting pronouncements or changes in our accounting policies;
•our overall effective tax rate, including impacts caused by any reorganization in our corporate tax structure and any new legislation or regulatory developments;
•fluctuations in stock-based compensation expense;
•fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;
•the timing and success of new products and service introductions by us or our competitors or any other change in the competitive dynamics of our industry, including consolidation among competitors, customers or strategic partners;
•the timing of expenses related to the development or acquisition of technologies or businesses and potential future charges for impairment of goodwill from acquired companies; and
•other risk factors described in this Report.
Our investment policy allows an investment portfolio that may be subject to credit and liquidity risks and fluctuations in the market value of our investments and interest rates, which may result in impairment or loss of value of our investments, an inability to sell our investments or a decline in interest income.
Our investment portfolio invests in cash, cash equivalents, money market funds with highly rated financial institutions and highly liquid marketable debt securities that are rated single A or above and held in a separate custody account with a highly rated financial institution. Our investment policy allows us to invest in instruments such as certificates of deposit, commercial paper, corporate notes and bonds, municipal securities, and U.S. government and agency notes and bonds. Although we will follow an established investment policy, which specifies credit quality standards for our investments and limits the amount of credit exposure to any single issue, issuer, or type of investment, and other criteria in order to help mitigate our exposure to interest
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rate and credit risk, the assets in our investment portfolio may lose value or become impaired, or our interest income may decline. We may be required to record impairment charges for other-than-temporary declines in fair market value in our investments. Future fluctuations in economic and market conditions could adversely affect the market value of our investments, and we could record additional impairment charges and lose some of the principal value of investments in our portfolio. A total loss of an investment or a significant decline in the value of our investment portfolio could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.
In addition, from time to time we may make strategic investments in private companies. Our strategic investments in private companies are subject to risk of loss of investment capital. Some of these investments may have been made to further our strategic objectives and support our key business initiatives. Our strategic investments in private companies are inherently risky because the markets for the technologies they have under development are typically in the early stages and may never materialize. We could lose the value of our entire investment in these companies.
We may not be able to successfully manage the growth of our business if we are unable to scale our operations and enhance our internal systems, processes, and controls.
We continue to experience growth in our customer base and operations, which may place a strain on our management, administrative, operational and financial infrastructure. We anticipate that additional investments in our infrastructure will be necessary to scale our operations and increase productivity. These additional investments will increase our costs and may adversely affect our operating margins if we are unable to sufficiently increase revenues to cover these additional costs. If we are unable to successfully scale our operations and increase productivity, we may be unable to execute our business strategies. We may need to enter into additional lease commitments or expand existing facilities, which may adversely affect our cash flows and results of operations.
We utilize third-party data center facilities and public cloud providers, including AWS, Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud, to host certain of our services, systems and data. Each of our commercial agreements with AWS, Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud have master agreements with three-year pricing addenda extending to dates in 2025 to 2027 and will remain in effect until terminated by us or the respective counterparty. AWS may terminate the master agreement for convenience by providing us at least 180 days’ advance notice or for cause upon a material breach of the agreement, subject to a 30-day notice and cure period; provided, however, that AWS may not terminate for convenience during the current pricing addendum. Microsoft Azure may terminate the master agreement for convenience upon 60 days’ notice or for material breach, subject to a 30-day notice and cure period; provided, however, that Microsoft Azure may not terminate for convenience during the current pricing addendum. Google Cloud may terminate the master agreement for material breach with a 30-day notice and cure period, if we cease operations or become subject to insolvency proceedings and the proceedings are not dismissed within 90 days, or we are in material breach more than twice notwithstanding any cure of such breaches. From time to time, we renegotiate or renew these agreements to meet our business needs, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to do so on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. While we believe that we could adjust or renew our agreements or transition among these cloud infrastructure providers or to alternative providers on commercially reasonable terms if needed, in the event any of these third-party facilities or public cloud providers become unavailable due to outages, interruptions or other unanticipated problems, or because they are no longer available on commercially reasonable terms, we and some of our customers would incur additional development and other increased costs to enable the transition, we may fail to meet our service level obligations in our customer agreements, and our operations may be impaired, which would adversely affect our business.
In addition, we need to continue to enhance our internal systems, processes, and controls to effectively manage our operations and growth. We are continually investing resources to upgrade and improve our internal systems, processes and controls, human resources information systems and our enterprise resource planning systems, in order to meet the growing requirements of our business, but we cannot guarantee we will do so effectively or efficiently.
Upgrades to our internal systems, processes, and controls may require us to implement incremental internal controls or additional reporting measures to evaluate the effectiveness of such upgrade or improvement, or to adopt new processes or procedures in connection with the upgrade or improvement. We may not be able to successfully implement upgrades and improvements to our systems, processes, and controls in an efficient or timely manner, if at all, and we may discover deficiencies in existing systems, processes, and controls, which could adversely affect our business or result in increased costs. We have
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licensed technology and utilize services from various third parties to help us implement upgrades and improvements. We may experience difficulties in managing upgrades and improvements to our systems, processes, and controls or in connection with third-party software, which could disrupt existing customer relationships, causing us to lose customers, limit us to smaller deployments of our products, or increase our technical costs. The nature of such third-party technology, support and other services also may be negatively affected by mergers and consolidation in the software industry, and support and other services for such technology may not be available to us in the future. In addition, we use both self-managed and cloud resources, and any security or other flaws in such resources could have a negative impact on our internal systems, processes, or controls.
We may also need to realign resources from time to time to more efficiently address market or product requirements. For example, in January 2023, we announced a plan to reduce our workforce by approximately 450 employees, representing approximately 7% of our then-current global workforce (the "January Plan"), and in November 2023, we announced a plan to reduce our workforce by approximately 500 employees, representing approximately 10% of our then-current global workforce, and reduce our global real estate footprint (the “November Plan”). To the extent any future realignment requires changes to our products and services, internal systems, processes, and controls or organizational structure, including a slowdown in hiring or a further reduction in force, we could experience disruption in customer relationships, reduction in revenues, increases in costs, increased employee turnover, and decreased employee morale and productivity. Furthermore, as we expand our geographic presence and capabilities, we may also need to implement additional or enhance our existing systems, processes and controls to comply with U.S. and international laws.
Risks Related to Regulation
Our effective tax rate is difficult to project, and changes in such tax rate or adverse results of tax examinations could adversely affect our operating results.
Based on our corporate structure, we may be subject to taxation in several jurisdictions around the world with increasingly complex tax laws, the application of which can be uncertain. We are a United States-based multinational company subject to tax in multiple United States and foreign tax jurisdictions. Our results of operations would be adversely affected to the extent that our geographical mix of income becomes more weighted toward jurisdictions with higher tax rates and would be favorably affected to the extent the relative geographic mix of income shifts to lower tax jurisdictions. Any change in our mix of earnings is dependent upon many factors and is therefore difficult to predict. The amount of taxes we pay in these jurisdictions could increase substantially as a result of changes in the applicable tax principles, including increased tax rates, new tax laws or revised interpretations of existing tax laws and precedents. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ("OECD") has introduced a framework to implement a global minimum corporate tax of 15%, referred to as Pillar 2. While some countries have begun implementing framework rules effective in 2024, most countries, including the United States, have not enacted comprehensive legislation to address the new global minimum tax rules. It is possible that as countries enact rules to implement the new framework that our tax uncertainty could increase and ultimately affect our provision for income taxes. In addition, the authorities in the jurisdictions in which we operate could review our tax returns or require us to file tax returns in jurisdictions in which we are not currently filing, and could impose additional tax, interest and penalties. These authorities could also claim that various withholding requirements apply to us or our subsidiaries, assert that benefits of tax treaties are not available to us or our subsidiaries, or challenge our methodologies for valuing developed technology or intercompany arrangements, including our transfer pricing. The relevant taxing authorities may determine that the manner in which we operate our business does not achieve the intended tax consequences. If such a disagreement was to occur, and our position was not sustained, we could be required to pay additional taxes, interest and penalties. Any increase in the amount of taxes we pay or that are imposed on us could increase our worldwide effective tax rate and harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The process of determining our anticipated tax liabilities involves many calculations and estimates that are inherently complex and make the ultimate tax obligation determination uncertain. As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate prior to the completion and filing of tax returns for such periods. This process requires estimating both our geographic mix of income and our current tax exposures in each jurisdiction where we operate. These estimates involve complex issues, require extended periods of time to resolve, and require us to make judgments, such as anticipating the outcomes of audits with tax authorities and the positions that we
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will take on tax returns prior to actually preparing the returns. We also determine the need to record deferred tax liabilities and the recoverability of deferred tax assets. A valuation allowance is established to the extent recovery of deferred tax assets is not more likely than not based on our estimation of future taxable income and other factors in each jurisdiction.
Furthermore, our overall effective income tax rate and tax expenses may be affected by various factors in our business, including acquisitions, changes in our legal structure, changes in the geographic mix of income and expenses, changes in valuation allowances, and changes in applicable tax laws and accounting pronouncements. Further, the geographic mix of income and expense is impacted by the fluctuation in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the functional currencies of our subsidiaries.
We are under examination by various taxing authorities covering the past several years. We may receive additional assessments from domestic and foreign tax authorities that might exceed amounts reserved by us. In the event we are unsuccessful in reducing the amount of such assessment, our business, financial condition, or results of operations could be adversely affected. Specifically, if additional taxes and/or penalties are assessed as a result of these audits, there could be a material effect on our income tax provision, operating expenses, and net income in the period or periods when that determination is made.
Our failure to protect personal information adequately could have a significant adverse effect on our business.
We have implemented and maintain security measures intended to protect personal information, and we require our service providers to implement and maintain security measures intended to protect personal information they maintain or process for us. However, our security measures and those of our service providers remain vulnerable to various threats posed by hackers and criminals and by internal errors. If our or any of our service providers' security measures are overcome and any personal information that we or our service providers collect, store or otherwise process is breached, compromised or otherwise subject to loss, unavailability, unauthorized access, use or other processing, or if any of these is believed or perceived to have occurred, we may be required to comply with costly and burdensome breach notification and other obligations. We may also be subject to regulatory investigations, enforcement actions and other proceedings and private claims, demands and lawsuits. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act ("CCPA"), as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA”), imposes a private right of action for certain security breaches that could lead to some form of remedy including regulatory scrutiny, fines, settlements and other consequences. In addition, any actual or perceived security incident is likely to generate negative publicity and may result in additional cost and liability to us, harm our reputation, inhibit adoption of our products by current and future customers, and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results.
We are subject to various laws, regulations, standards and contractual and other obligations related to privacy, data protection and security.
We are subject to various laws, regulations, standards and contractual and other obligations relating to privacy, data protection and security. These obligations are rapidly evolving, may be subject to varying interpretations and enforcement, and are likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future.
Internationally, virtually every jurisdiction in which we operate has established its own privacy, data protection and security legal frameworks with which we or our customers must comply. For example, the EU's GDPR and UK's Data Protection Act impose numerous obligations relating to the processing of personal data including, with respect to transfers of personal data to other countries that have not been found to provide adequate protection to such personal data. These regimes provide for significant penalties and other consequences for noncompliance. Similarly, in the United States, various state and federal laws, regulations and standards govern privacy, data protection and security. For example, in California, the CCPA, as modified by the CPRA, requires covered companies to, among other things, provide disclosures to California consumers, and afford such consumers privacy rights such as the ability to opt-out of certain sales of personal information and expanded rights to access and require deletion of their personal information, opt out of certain personal information sharing, and receive detailed information about how their personal information is collected, used and shared. Numerous other states have enacted similar legislation. Further, we may be required to publicly post policies and other documentation regarding our privacy, data protection, or security practices, including with respect to our use, disclosure and other processing of personal information. We also may be subject to, or
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be alleged to be subject to, various standards and contractual and other obligations relating to privacy, data protection, or security, such as the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard.
The effects of privacy, data protection and security laws, regulations, standards and contractual and other obligations are significant and have required, and may require, us to modify our practices and policies and to incur substantial costs and expenses in an effort to comply. Because the interpretation and application of many of these actual and asserted obligations are uncertain, it is possible that they may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our practices or the features of our products, and we could face fines, lawsuits, regulatory investigations and other proceedings and other claims and penalties, and we could be required to fundamentally change our products or our business practices, any of which could have an adverse effect on our business. Any inability or perceived inability to adequately address privacy, data protection or security concerns, even if unfounded, or any actual or perceived failure to comply with applicable privacy, data protection or security laws, regulations, standards, or contractual or other actual or asserted obligations, could result in additional cost and liability to us, damage our reputation, inhibit sales and adversely affect our business. Furthermore, the costs of compliance with, and other burdens imposed by, such laws, regulations, standards, and contractual and other obligations that are applicable to the businesses of our customers may limit the use and adoption of, and reduce the overall demand for, our products. Privacy, data protection and security concerns, whether valid or invalid, may inhibit market adoption of our products, particularly in certain industries and countries outside of the United States. If we are not able to adjust to changing laws, regulations, standards, contractual and other obligations relating to privacy, data protection and security, our business may be harmed.
As our business expands, we are subject to increasingly complex regulatory and compliance obligations and differing business practices, both foreign and domestic, which may strain our resources and divert management’s attention.
During the past few years, our organizational structure has increased in complexity due to compliance with financial reporting obligations, tax regulations and tax accounting requirements, acquisitions, our relationships with channel partners, and other regulatory and compliance requirements, including compliance with the rules and regulations related to anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA") and the UK Bribery Act of 2010 ("UK Bribery Act") or those related to anti-trust or anti-competitive market practices, including Article 101(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union or U.S. anti-trust laws. In addition, new or changing rules and regulations, including those relating to corporate governance, securities laws and public disclosure, often create uncertainty for public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs and making some activities more time consuming. These practices may evolve over time upon new guidance from regulatory or governing bodies, resulting in continued uncertainty regarding compliance and higher costs to adopt or modify our practices accordingly. Also, as we expand internationally, we become subject to the various rules and regulations of foreign jurisdictions. If we are unable to effectively comply with the rules and regulations applicable to us, particularly those relating to financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in our ability to manage our compliance obligations. Furthermore, we continue to develop our cloud services, which may store, transmit and process our customers’ sensitive, proprietary or confidential data, including personal or identifying information, in cloud-based IT environments. These new cloud services may expose us to higher regulation than our traditional self-managed products and services, particularly with respect to privacy, data protection and security. We are also subject to the effects of actual or anticipated actions by the current U.S. administration regarding the continued validity or enforcement of existing rules and regulations, or the implementation of new rules and regulations, and actual or anticipated responsive actions from other world actors. Our efforts to comply with all of these requirements may result in an increase in expenses and a diversion of management’s time and attention from other business activities. If our efforts to comply differ or are perceived to differ from those intended or required by regulatory or governing bodies, such authorities or others may initiate inquiries or other proceedings against us, and we may be subject to fines, other liabilities and damages to our reputation, any of which may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Overall, the combination of increased structural complexity and the ever-increasing regulatory complexity make it more critical for us to attract and retain qualified and technically competent employees in the United States and internationally. We provide business practices training and other comprehensive training to our sales teams, which has increased in rigor as our business has become more complex.
We, our employees, agents, representatives, business partners, and third-party intermediaries may have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or state-owned or affiliated
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entities and we may be held liable for the corrupt or other illegal activities of these employees, agents, representatives, business partners, or third-party intermediaries, even if we do not explicitly authorize such activities. We maintain a presence or conduct business in the Asia-Pacific, Middle East/Africa, and Latin America regions, where business practices can differ from those in the U.S. and can create internal control risks. Any allegations or violation of the FCPA or other applicable anti-bribery, anti-corruption laws, and anti-money laundering laws could result in, sanctions, settlements, prosecution, enforcement actions, fines, damages, adverse media coverage, investigations, loss of export privileges, severe criminal or civil sanctions, or suspension or debarment from U.S. government contracts, all of which may have an adverse effect on our reputation, business, results of operations, and prospects.
Issues in the development and use of AI, combined with an uncertain regulatory environment, may result in reputational harm, liability, or other adverse consequences to our business and operations.
We use machine learning and AI technologies in our offerings and business, including in solutions complementing our CLAIRE-powered IDMC platform, and we are making investments in expanding our AI capabilities in our products and offerings, including ongoing deployment and improvement of existing machine learning and AI technologies, as well as developing new product features using AI technologies. AI technologies are complex and rapidly evolving, and we face significant competition from other companies as well as evolving legal and regulatory landscapes. Laws and regulations applicable to AI continue to develop and may be inconsistent from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. For example, the European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act, in force as of August 1, 2024, provides for certain obligations, restrictions upon, additional requirements, and in some cases prohibitions of, the use of certain AI applications and systems. Federal regulation or authoritative oversight of AI in the U.S. is subject to uncertainty. The use of AI technologies in new or existing products or offerings may result in new or enhanced governmental or regulatory scrutiny, new or modified laws or regulations, claims, demands, and litigation, confidentiality, privacy, data protection, or security risks, ethical concerns, or other complications that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
Uncertainty around new and emerging AI technologies may require additional investment in the development and maintenance of proprietary datasets and machine learning models, development of new approaches and processes to provide attribution or remuneration to creators of training data, and development of appropriate protections, safeguards, and policies for handling the processing of data with machine learning and AI technologies, which may be costly and could impact our expenses. AI technologies also present emerging ethical and social issues, including with respect to potential or actual bias reflected in, or flawed outputs of, models. AI technologies that we make use of may produce or create outputs that appear correct but are factually inaccurate or otherwise flawed, which may expose us to brand or reputational harm, competitive harm, regulatory scrutiny, and/or legal liability.
We are subject to governmental export and import controls that could impair our ability to compete in international markets or subject us to liability if we violate these controls.
Our software is subject to U.S. export control laws and regulations including the Export Administration Regulations ("EAR"), and trade and economic sanctions maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control ("OFAC"). As such, an export license may be required to export or reexport our products to certain countries, end-users and end-uses. If we were to fail to comply with such U.S. export controls laws and regulations, U.S. economic sanctions, or other similar laws, we could be subject to both civil and criminal penalties, including substantial fines, possible incarceration for employees and managers for willful violations, and the possible loss of our export or import privileges. Obtaining the necessary export license for a particular sale or offering may not be possible and may be time-consuming and may result in the delay or loss of sales opportunities. Furthermore, U.S. export control laws and economic sanctions prohibit the export of products to certain U.S. embargoed or sanctioned countries, governments and persons, as well as for prohibited end-uses. Monitoring and ensuring compliance with these complex U.S. export control laws is particularly challenging because our offerings are widely distributed throughout the world and are available for download without registration. Even though we take precautions to ensure that we and our partners comply with all relevant export control laws and regulations, any failure by us or our partners to comply with such laws and regulations could have negative consequences for us, including reputational harm, government investigations and penalties. These risks are heightened in the case of rapidly evolving world events, such as the recent imposition by the U.S. government of trade measures, countermeasures imposed in response to such U.S. government trade measures, and continued conflicts in Ukraine and Eastern Europe, and in the Middle East. The United States, other countries and global coalitions have in the past, and may in the future, issue sanctions
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and revisions to export control regulations in quick succession and with very short time periods in which to fully comply.
Because we incorporate encryption functionality into our products, we also are subject to certain U.S. export control laws that apply to encryption items. Various countries regulate the import of certain encryption technology, including through import permit and license requirements, and have enacted laws that could limit our ability to distribute our products or could limit our end-customers’ ability to implement our products in those countries. Changes in our products or changes in export and import regulations in such countries may create delays in the introduction of our products into international markets, prevent our end-customers with international operations from deploying our products globally or, in some cases, prevent or delay the export or import of our products to certain countries, governments or persons altogether. Any change in export or import laws or regulations, economic sanctions or related legislation, shift in the enforcement or scope of existing export, import or sanctions laws or regulations, or change in the countries, governments, persons, or technologies targeted by such export, import or sanctions laws or regulations, could result in decreased use of our products by, or in our decreased ability to export or sell our products to, existing or potential end-customers with international operations. Any decreased use of our products or limitation on our ability to export to or sell our products in international markets could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
If we fail to establish or maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may be unable to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud, and investor confidence and the market price of our Class A common stock may be adversely affected.
As a public company in the United States, we are required to maintain internal controls over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses in such internal control. In addition, we are required to furnish a report by management on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 ("Section 404"). We have designed, implemented and tested the internal control over financial reporting required to comply with these obligations. This process is time-consuming, costly, and complicated. In addition, our independent registered public accounting firm are required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. If we identify material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, if we are unable to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner or assert that our internal controls over financial reporting are effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm expresses a negative opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our Class A common stock may be adversely affected, and we could become subject to investigations by the stock exchange on which our securities are listed, the SEC, or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.
Changes in existing financial accounting standards or practices may adversely affect our results of operations.
We prepare our condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). Changes in existing accounting rules or practices, new accounting pronouncements, or varying interpretations of current accounting pronouncements could have a significant adverse effect on our results of operations. A change in existing financial accounting standards or practices may even retroactively adversely affect previously reported transactions.
If our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies are based on assumptions that change or prove to be incorrect, our results of operations could fall below expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the market price of our Class A common stock.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, as provided in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this Report, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities, equity, revenue, and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our results of operations may be adversely affected if our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in our assumptions, which could cause our results of operations to fall below our publicly announced guidance or the expectations of securities analysts
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and investors, resulting in a decline in the market price of our Class A common stock. Significant assumptions and estimates used in preparing our condensed consolidated financial statements include those related to revenue recognition, measurement of stock-based compensation expense, accounting for intangible assets, assessing indicators of potential goodwill impairment, and accounting for income taxes including deferred tax assets and liabilities.
The IRS or other taxing authorities could seek to recharacterize the Restructuring Transactions.
The Company was formed as part of a series of restructuring transactions, which collectively had the net effect of reorganizing the corporate structure of Ithacalux Topco S.C.A. (“Ithacalux”), resulting in Informatica Inc. being the top-tier entity in that corporate structure rather than Ithacalux (“Restructuring Transactions”).
The Restructuring Transactions were intended to simplify our organizational structure in connection with our initial public offering on October 29, 2021 (our "IPO"). There can be no assurance that the IRS or other taxing authorities in the United States, Europe and Asia will not seek to recharacterize or reorder the Restructuring Transactions or to assert a claim for withholding or other taxes in connection with the Restructuring Transactions, which if successful, could result in tax liabilities to us or our subsidiaries and/or impact our operations in the future.
If our solutions fail to help our customers achieve and maintain compliance with regulations and industry standards, our revenues and operating results could be harmed.
We generate a portion of our revenues from solutions that enable organizations to achieve and maintain compliance with regulations and industry standards. For example, many of our customers subscribe to our security and compliance solutions to help them comply with general security standards, such as those developed and maintained by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (“NIST”), and with industry-specific security standards such as the HIPAA Security Rule, which applies to entities that need to protect electronic protected health information. Standard setting agencies and industry organizations like International Standards Organization may significantly change their security standards with little or no notice, including changes that could make their standards more or less onerous for businesses. Governments may also adopt new laws or regulations, or make changes to existing laws or regulations, that could impact the demand for or value of our solutions.
If we are unable to adapt our solutions to changing regulatory standards in a timely manner, or if our solutions fail to assist with or expedite our customers’ compliance initiatives, our customers may lose confidence in our solutions and could switch to products offered by our competitors. In addition, if regulations and standards related to data security, vulnerability management and other IT security and compliance requirements are relaxed or the penalties for non-compliance are changed in a manner that makes them less onerous, our customers may view government and industry regulatory compliance as less critical to their businesses, and our customers may be less willing to purchase subscriptions to our solutions. In any of these cases, our revenues and operating results could be harmed.
Risks Related to Our International Operations
Our operations outside of our North American region expose us to increased risks that could limit our future growth.
We have significant operations outside of our North American region, including sales and professional services operations, software development centers and customer support centers, and we have historically derived a significant portion of our revenue from outside the United States. Our international operations are subject to numerous risks, including:
•geopolitical disruption and resulting sanctions, export controls or boycotts, and general economic and political conditions in these foreign markets;
•fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies;
•slower or impaired collections on accounts receivable;
•increased operating costs due to inflation, particularly in EMEA and India;
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•greater difficulty in protecting our ownership rights to intellectual property developed in foreign countries, which may have laws that materially differ from those in the United States;
•higher risk of unexpected changes in regulatory practices, tariffs, and tax laws and treaties;
•greater risk of a failure of our employees to comply with both U.S. and foreign laws, including the EU General Data Protection Regulation antitrust regulations, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the UK Bribery Act of 2010, and any trade regulations ensuring fair trade practices;
•increased expenses, delays and our limited experience in developing, testing and marketing localized versions of our products;
•increased competition from companies in the industry segments that we target or other vendors of data management software products that are more established in a particular region than us;
•potential conflicts with our established distributors in countries in which we elect to establish a direct sales presence, or the inability to enter into or maintain strategic distributor relationships with companies in certain international markets where we do not have a local presence;
•our limited experience in establishing a sales, marketing and support presence and the appropriate internal systems, processes, and controls;
•difficulties in recruiting, training, managing, and retaining our international staff, particularly our international sales management and sales personnel, which have adversely affected our ability to increase sales productivity, and the costs and expenses associated with such activities;
•differing business practices, which may require us to enter into customer agreements that include non-standard terms related to payment, maintenance rates, warranties, or performance obligations that may affect our ability to recognize revenue ratably; and
•communication delays between our main development and support center in California and our international development and support centers, which may delay the development, testing, release or support of new and existing products, and communication delays between our U.S. headquarters and our shared services center in India.
These factors and other factors could harm our ability to grow international revenues and, consequently, materially impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition. The expansion of our existing international operations and entry into additional international markets will require significant management attention and financial resources. Our failure to manage our international operations and the associated risks effectively could limit the future growth of our business.
Continued uncertainty in the U.S. and global economies along with uncertain geopolitical conditions, could negatively affect sales of our products and services and could harm our operating results.
As our business has grown, we have become increasingly subject to the risks arising from adverse changes in the domestic and global economies. We have experienced the adverse effect of economic slowdowns and downturns in the past, which resulted in a significant reduction in capital spending by our customers, as well as longer sales cycles and the deferral or delay of purchases of subscriptions to our products.
The imposition by the U.S. government of trade measures, including tariffs, sanctions or other restrictions on goods exported from, or imported into, the United States, or countermeasures or boycotts imposed by other countries in response to such U.S. government trade measures, could adversely affect global economic conditions, our operations, or our ability to sell our products globally, which could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. Although the direct impact of the international trade measures and political tension, and any escalation of such tension, on the industries in which we operate is uncertain, the negative impact on general, economic, political and social conditions may adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations, and may impair our future sales and business by causing a negative effect on global economic conditions and financial markets. The uncertainties relating to these trade measures and countermeasures and their potential effects may more significantly or immediately cause our current or prospective customers to stop or delay making new investments in technologies such as our products.
We continue to invest in our international operations. There are significant risks with overseas investments, and our growth prospects in these regions are uncertain. Increased volatility in credit, equity and
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foreign currency markets, tariffs, or geopolitical disruptions, including ongoing military conflicts, could cause delays in or cancellations of orders or have other negative impacts on our business operations in Europe and other regions throughout the world. If tensions between the United States, members of NATO and Russia continue to escalate and create global security concerns, that may lead to an increased adverse impact on regional and global economies and increase the likelihood of cyberattacks. Deterioration of economic or geopolitical conditions in the countries in which we do business could also cause slower or impaired collections on accounts receivable.
We may experience fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates that could adversely impact our results of operations.
Our international sales and operations expose us to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. An unfavorable change in the exchange rate of foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar would result in lower revenues when translated into U.S. dollars, although operating expenses would be lower as well. Our main revenue exposures are in Euro, Yen, and Sterling. On occasion, exchange rates have been particularly volatile and have affected quarterly revenue and profitability. In prior years, fluctuations from foreign currency exchange rates have negatively affected, and in the future could negatively affect our revenues. As fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates occur or increase, the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates could become material to revenue, operating expenses, and net income. In particular, these unfavorable exchange rate changes could have a significant impact on the operating expenses of our international operations in India, where we have approximately half of our employees as of December 31, 2024.
If we are not successful in sustaining and expanding our international business, we may incur additional losses and our revenue growth could be harmed.
Our future results depend, in part, on our ability to sustain and expand our penetration of the international markets in which we currently operate and to expand into additional international markets. We depend on direct sales and our channel partner relationships to sell our offerings in international markets. Our ability to expand internationally will depend upon our ability to deliver functionality and foreign language translations that reflect the needs of the international clients that we target. Our ability to expand internationally involves various risks, including the need to invest significant resources in such expansion, and the possibility that returns on such investments will not be achieved in the near future or at all in these less familiar competitive environments. We may also choose to conduct our international business through other partnerships. If we are unable to identify partners or negotiate favorable terms, our international growth may be limited. In addition, we have incurred and may continue to incur significant expenses in advance of generating material revenue as we attempt to establish our presence in particular international markets.
Sustaining and expanding our international business will also require significant attention from our management and will require us to add additional management and other resources in these new markets. Our ability to expand our business, attract talented employees and enter into partnerships in an increasing number of international markets requires considerable management attention and resources and is subject to the particular challenges of supporting a rapidly growing business in an environment of multiple languages, cultures, customs, legal systems, alternative dispute systems, regulatory systems, commercial infrastructures and technology infrastructure. If we are unable to grow our international operations in a timely and effective manner, we may incur additional losses and our revenue growth could be harmed.
Risks Related to Our Sales to Government Entities
A portion of our revenue is generated by sales to government entities, which are subject to a number of challenges and risks, including government investigations.
Sales to U.S. and foreign federal, state, and local governmental agency end-customers have historically accounted for approximately 10% of our revenue for each of the past three fiscal years as well as for the six months ended June 30, 2025, and we may in the future increase sales to government entities. However, government entities have announced reductions in, or experienced increased pressure to reduce, government spending. In particular, such measures have adversely affected European public sector transactions. Furthermore, the continued U.S. debt, income tax and budget issues, including future delays in approving the U.S. budget or reductions in government spending, may adversely impact existing or future U.S. public sector transactions. For example, a shutdown of the U.S. federal government could delay public sector transactions
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and contracting by government entities. Certain states within the U.S., including California, are experiencing similar budgetary issues, which could impact current or future transactions with those states. Such budgetary constraints or shifts in spending priorities of government entities may adversely affect existing contracts and future sales of our products and services to such entities. We expect these conditions to continue to adversely affect public sector transactions in the near-term. We may also be subject to the effects of actual or anticipated actions by the current U.S. administration, including administrative oversight and control, affecting government spending and the continued validity of existing rules and regulations, or the implementation of new rules and regulations, and actual or anticipated responsive actions from other world actors.
In addition, sales to government entities are subject to a number of risks. Government entities may continue use of on-premises software indefinitely, be slow to transition workloads from on-premises software to SaaS services, or impose challenging regulatory requirements on government use of SaaS services, any of which may inhibit the growth of our public sector business. We have in the past and may in the future discontinue support for some on-premises software, which could result in loss of some government entity business. Selling to government entities can be highly competitive, expensive and time consuming, often requiring significant upfront time and expense without any assurance that we will successfully sell our products to such governmental entity. Government entities may require contract terms that differ from our standard arrangements, including the cancellation of existing agreements in the event funds are not appropriated in future years to fund those agreements. Government contracts may require the maintenance of certain security clearances for facilities and employees. Government certification requirements applicable to us and our products are constantly evolving and at times restrict our ability to sell to certain government customers until we have met the new or revised requirements, which can entail administrative time and effort possibly resulting in additional costs and delays. In addition, our failure to obtain or maintain certain government certifications, for example FedRamp or similar security certifications from U.S. states or foreign governments, limits our ability to sell any of our products to these government entities, and may expose us to fines or penalties for failure to comply. Government demand and payment for our products may be more volatile as they are affected by public sector budgetary cycles, funding authorizations, and the potential for funding reductions or delays, making the time to close such transactions more difficult to predict. This risk is enhanced as the size of such sales to the government entities increases. As the use of our products, including products recently acquired or developed, expands to more sensitive, secure or mission critical uses by our government customers, we may be subject to increased scrutiny, potential reputational risk, or potential liability should our products fail to perform as contemplated in such deployments or should we not comply with the terms of our government contracts or government contracting and security requirements.
Most of our sales to government entities have been made indirectly through third-party distributors or resellers that sell our products. Government entities may have contractual or other legal rights to terminate contracts with our providers for convenience, for non-appropriation of funds or due to a default, and any such termination may adversely impact our future results of operations. For example, if the provider receives a significant portion of its revenue from sales to such governmental entity, the financial health of the provider could be substantially harmed which could negatively affect our future sales to such provider. Governments routinely audit and investigate government contractors, and we or our third-party distributors and resellers have been in the past and may in the future be subject to such audits and investigations. If an audit or investigation uncovers improper or illegal activities, including any misuse of confidential or classified information by our employees, we or our distributors or resellers may be subject to civil or criminal penalties and administrative sanctions, including termination of contracts, forfeiture of profits, suspension of payments, fines, and suspension or prohibition from doing business with such government entity, or enter into a settlement in lieu of the foregoing, which may not be on favorable terms to us. There can be no assurance that we will retain these distributors or resellers, or that we will be able to secure additional or replacement partners. If we are unable to transact through certain distributors or resellers, our revenues and results of operations could be harmed. In addition, we could suffer serious reputational harm if allegations of impropriety were made against us or our employees or should our products not perform as contemplated in government deployments.
Our agreement with the U.S. Department of Defense limits our control over one of our subsidiaries. If this agreement is terminated, we may be suspended from selling our products for various projects or to various agencies within the U.S. government.
Our subsidiary, Informatica Federal Operations Corporation, which markets, sells and supports our products to various classified U.S. government agencies, is required by the National Industrial Security Program to maintain facility security clearances and to be insulated from foreign ownership, control or influence. To
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comply with the National Industrial Security Program requirements, in July 2016, we, our parent entities, Informatica Federal Operations Corporation and the Department of Defense entered into an agreement with respect to the ownership and operations of Informatica Federal Operations Corporation. Under the agreement, we, among other things, agreed to follow an affiliated operations plan describing products and services that may be provided among affiliated entities while mitigating the risks of foreign ownership, control, or influence.
Our relationship with the U.S. Department of Defense is subject to actions by the current U.S. administration which may impact the validity of our agreement or our ability to sell our products and services to the U.S. government and its agencies. The agreement may be terminated and Informatica Federal Operations Corporation’s facility security clearance may be revoked in the event of a breach of the proxy agreement, or if it is determined by the Department of Defense that termination is in the national interest. If Informatica Federal Operations Corporation’s facility security clearance is revoked, we may lose a portion of our sales to U.S. government classified agencies and our business, financial condition and results of operations would be harmed.
Our government contracts contain unfavorable provisions that are not typical of commercial contracts.
Many of our government contracts contain provisions that give the government rights and remedies not typically found in private commercial contracts, including provisions enabling the government to:
•terminate or cancel our existing contracts for non-appropriation of funds;
•suspend us from doing business with a foreign government or prevent us from selling our products in certain countries;
•audit and object to our contract-related costs and expenses, including allocated indirect costs; and
•change specific terms and conditions in our contracts, including changes that would reduce the value of our contracts.
In addition, many jurisdictions have laws and regulations that deem government contracts in those jurisdictions to include these types of provisions, even if the contract itself does not contain them. If a government terminates a contract with us for non-appropriation of funds, we may not recover our incurred or committed costs, any settlement expenses or profit on work completed prior to the termination. If a government terminates a contract for default, we may not recover even those amounts, and instead we may be liable for any costs incurred by a government in procuring undelivered items and services from another source.
If we fail to comply with complex procurement laws and regulations, we may be subject to civil and criminal penalties and administrative sanctions.
We must comply with domestic and foreign laws and regulations relating to the formation, administration and performance of government contracts. These laws and regulations affect how we do business with government agencies in various countries and may impose added costs on our business. For example, in the United States, we are subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulations, which comprehensively regulate the formation, administration and performance of federal government contracts, and to the Truth in Negotiations Act, which requires certification and disclosure of cost and pricing data in connection with contract negotiations. We are subject to similar regulations in foreign countries as well.
If a government review or investigation uncovers improper or illegal activities, we may be subject to civil and criminal penalties and administrative sanctions, including termination of contracts, forfeiture of profits, suspension of payments, fines and suspension or debarment from doing business with government agencies, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, in March 2019, we reached a settlement of a civil False Claims Act investigation brought by the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Columbia ("DC USAO") and the Civil Fraud Section of the U.S. Department of Justice (together with the DC USAO, the "DOJ") in August 2015. Under the terms of the settlement, we agreed to pay $21.9 million related to a dispute regarding the accuracy of information in our commercial sales practices submissions and statements regarding the country of origin of certain products between January 1, 2008 and March 31, 2017 in consideration for the release of the company by the DOJ and the U.S. General Services Administration with respect to the claims alleged in the investigation as set forth in the settlement agreement. In addition, a government may reform its procurement practices or adopt new contracting rules and regulations that could be costly to satisfy or that could impair our ability to obtain new contracts.
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Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property
Our use of AI models and open source software could negatively affect our ability to sell our solution and subject us to possible litigation.
A portion of our technologies incorporate third-party AI models and open source software, and we expect to continue to incorporate such AI models and open source software in our solution in the future. Few of the licenses applicable to AI models and open source software have been interpreted by courts, and there is a risk that these licenses could be construed in a manner that could impose unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to commercialize our products. Moreover, we cannot guarantee that we have not incorporated additional AI models and open source software in our software in a manner that is inconsistent with the terms of the applicable license or our current policies and procedures. If we fail to comply with these licenses, we may be subject to certain requirements, including requirements that we offer our solutions that incorporate the AI models and open source software for no cost, that we make available source code for modifications or derivative works we create based upon, incorporating or using the AI models and open source software and that we license such modifications or derivative works under the terms of applicable open source licenses. If an author or other third party that distributes such AI models or open source software were to allege that we had not complied with the conditions of one or more of these licenses, we could be required to incur significant legal expenses defending against such allegations and could be subject to significant damages, enjoined from the sale of our solutions that contained the AI models and open source software and required to comply with onerous conditions or restrictions on these solutions, which could disrupt the distribution and sale of these solutions. In addition, there have been claims challenging the ownership rights in AI models and open source software against companies that incorporate AI models and open source software into their products, and the licensors of such AI models and open source software provide no warranties or indemnities with respect to such claims. In any of these events, we and our customers could be required to seek licenses from third parties in order to continue offering our products, which may not be available on favorable terms or at all, and to re-engineer our products or discontinue the sale of our products in the event re-engineering cannot be accomplished on a timely basis. We and our customers may also be subject to suits by parties claiming infringement due to the reliance by our solutions on certain AI models and open source software, and such litigation could be costly for us to defend or subject us to an injunction. Any of the foregoing could require us to devote additional research and development resources to re-engineer our solutions, could result in customer dissatisfaction, and may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We may be unable to predict the future course of AI models and open source technology development, which could reduce the market appeal of our offerings, damage our reputation and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We do not exercise control over the development of AI models and open source technology incorporated into our offerings. Different groups of AI models and open source software programmers compete with one another to develop new technology. AI models and open source technology may include security vulnerabilities, to which our products and services may be exposed without timely or effective means for remediation or mitigation. Typically, the technology developed by one group will become more widely used than that developed by others. In some offerings, the race to innovate eclipses the responsibility to continuously patch security vulnerabilities and functional bugs. If an offering we rely on is unable to keep pace with our functional or non-functional requirements, we may be required to invest resources to keep it updated or to seek alternatives. If we acquire or adopt new technology and incorporate it into our offerings but competing technology becomes more widely used or accepted, the market appeal of our offerings may be reduced, which could harm our reputation, diminish our brands and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We face intellectual property infringement claims that could be costly to defend and result in our loss of significant rights.
As is common in the software industry, we have received, and may from time to time in the future receive, notices from third parties claiming infringement by our products of third-party patent and other proprietary rights. For example, in the past four years, Informatica has been the subject of one patent suit, which was resolved in less than three months for an immaterial amount.
As the number of software products in our target markets increases and the functionality of these products further overlaps, we may become increasingly subject to claims by a third party that our technology
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infringes such party’s proprietary rights. In addition, there is a growing occurrence of patent suits and regulatory investigations being brought by organizations that use patents to generate revenue without manufacturing, promoting, or marketing products or investing in research and development in bringing products to market. These organizations have been active in the enterprise software market and have targeted whole industries as defendants.
Any claims, with or without merit, could be time consuming, result in costly litigation, cause product shipment delays, or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results. Although we do not believe that we are currently infringing any proprietary rights of others, legal action claiming patent infringement could be commenced against us. We may not prevail in such litigation given the complex technical issues and inherent uncertainties in patent litigation. The potential effects on our business that may result from third-party infringement claims include the following:
•we have been and could be in the future obligated to incur significant legal costs and expenses defending the patent infringement suit;
•we may be forced to enter into royalty or licensing agreements, which may not be available on terms favorable to us;
•we may be required to indemnify our customers or obtain replacement products or functionality for our customers;
•we may be forced to significantly increase our development efforts and resources to redesign our products as a result of these claims; and
•we may be forced to discontinue offering some or all of our products.
If we are not able to adequately protect our proprietary rights, third parties could develop and market products that are equivalent to our own, which would harm our sales efforts.
Our success depends upon our proprietary technology. We believe that our product development, product enhancements, name recognition, and the technological and innovative skills of our personnel are essential to establishing and maintaining a technology leadership position. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark, and trade secret rights, confidentiality procedures, and licensing arrangements designed to establish and protect our proprietary rights.
However, these legal rights and contractual agreements may provide only limited protection. Our pending patent applications may not be allowed or our competitors may successfully challenge the validity or scope of any of our issued patents or any future issued patents. Our patents alone may not provide us with any significant competitive advantage, and third parties may develop technologies that are similar or superior to our technology or design around our patents. Third parties could copy or otherwise obtain and use our products or technology without authorization or develop similar technology independently. We cannot easily monitor any unauthorized use of our products, and, although we are unable to determine the extent to which piracy of our software products exists, software piracy is a prevalent problem in our industry in general. We may be forced to initiate litigation to protect our proprietary rights. Litigating claims related to the enforcement of proprietary rights is very expensive and can be burdensome in terms of management time and resources, which could adversely affect our business and operating results. In addition, the risk of not adequately protecting our proprietary technology and our exposure to competitive pressures may be increased if a competitor should resort to unlawful means in competing against us.
We have entered into certain agreements with many of our customers and partners that require us to place the source code of our products into escrow. Such agreements generally provide that such parties will have a limited, non-exclusive right to continue use of such code if there is a bankruptcy proceeding by or against us, we cease to do business or we fail to meet our support obligations. Although our agreements with these third parties limit the scope of rights to use of the source code, we may be unable to effectively control such third parties’ actions.
Furthermore, effective protection of intellectual property rights is unavailable or limited in various foreign countries. The protection of our proprietary rights may be inadequate, and our competitors could independently develop similar technology, duplicate our products, or design around any patents or other intellectual property rights we hold.
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Risks Related to Our Indebtedness
Our substantial indebtedness could materially adversely affect our financial condition and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations under our existing indebtedness.
We have a significant amount of indebtedness. Subject to the limits contained in the credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) that governs our credit facilities (the "Credit Facilities") and our other debt instruments, we may need to incur substantial additional debt from time to time to finance working capital, capital expenditures, investments or acquisitions, or for other general corporate purposes. If we do so, the risks related to our high level of debt could intensify. Specifically, our level of debt could have important consequences to the holders of our common stock, including the following:
•making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our debt; and if we fail to comply with these requirements, an event of default could result;
•limiting our ability to obtain additional financing to fund future working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other general corporate requirements;
•requiring a substantial portion of our cash flows to be dedicated to debt service payments instead of other purposes, thereby reducing the amount of cash flows available for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes;
•increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;
•exposing us to the risk of increased interest rates as certain of our borrowings, including borrowings under the Credit Facilities, are at variable rates of interest;
•limiting our flexibility in planning for and reacting to changes in the industry in which we compete;
•placing us at a disadvantage compared to other, less leveraged competitors; and
•increasing our cost of borrowing.
In addition, the Credit Agreement that governs the Credit Facilities contains restrictive covenants that limit our ability to engage in activities that may be in our long-term best interest. Our failure to comply with those covenants could result in an event of default which, if not cured or waived, could result in the acceleration of all our debt.
We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness, which may not be successful.
Our ability to make scheduled payments on or refinance our debt obligations depends on our financial condition and operating performance, which are subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business, legislative, regulatory and other factors beyond our control.
We may be unable to maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal and interest on our indebtedness. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, approximately 29% of our net cash provided by operating activities, before giving effect to the payment of interest, was dedicated to debt service, both principal and interest.
If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we could face substantial liquidity problems and could be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures or to dispose of material assets or operations, seek additional debt or equity capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. We may not be able to effect any such alternative measures, if necessary, on commercially reasonable terms or at all and, even if successful, those alternative actions may not allow us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. The Credit Agreement that governs the Credit Facilities restricts our ability to dispose of assets and use the proceeds from those dispositions and may also restrict our ability to raise debt or equity capital to be used to repay other indebtedness when it becomes due. We may not be able to consummate those dispositions or to obtain proceeds in an amount sufficient to meet any debt service obligations then due. Our inability to generate sufficient cash flows to satisfy our debt obligations, or to refinance our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all, would materially adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.
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In addition, we conduct substantially all of our international operations through our subsidiaries. Accordingly, repayment of our indebtedness is dependent on local restrictions that may impact our ability to obtain cash from cash flow generated by our subsidiaries. While the Credit Agreement limits the ability of our subsidiaries to incur consensual restrictions on their ability to pay dividends or make other intercompany payments to us, these limitations are subject to qualifications and exceptions. In the event that we do not receive distributions from our subsidiaries, we may be unable to make required principal and interest payments on our indebtedness.
If we cannot make scheduled payments on our debt, we will be in default and the lenders under the Credit Facilities could terminate their commitments to loan money, the lenders could foreclose against the assets securing their borrowings and we could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation. All of these events could result in your losing your investment in our Class A common stock.
Despite our current level of indebtedness, we and our subsidiaries may still be able to incur substantially more debt. This could further exacerbate the risks to our financial condition described above.
We and our subsidiaries may need to incur significant additional indebtedness in the future. Although the Credit Agreement contains restrictions on the incurrence of additional indebtedness, these restrictions are subject to a number of qualifications and exceptions, and the additional indebtedness incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial. These restrictions also will not prevent us from incurring obligations that do not constitute indebtedness. In addition, as of June 30, 2025, our Revolving Credit Facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) would have provided for unused commitments of $250.0 million, which could be increased, subject to certain conditions. If we incur any additional indebtedness, the holders of that indebtedness will be entitled to any proceeds distributed in connection with any insolvency, liquidation, reorganization, dissolution or other winding up of our company before such proceeds are distributed to you. If new debt is added to our currently anticipated debt levels, the related risks that you now face could intensify.
The terms of the Credit Agreement restrict our current and future operations, particularly our ability to respond to changes in the economy or our industry or to take certain actions.
The Credit Agreement contains a number of restrictive covenants that impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us and may limit our ability to engage in acts that may be in our long-term best interest, including restrictions on our ability to:
•incur additional indebtedness and guarantee indebtedness;
•pay dividends or make other distributions or repurchase or redeem our capital stock;
•prepay, redeem or repurchase certain subordinated debt;
•issue certain preferred stock or similar equity securities;
•make loans and investments;
•sell assets;
•incur liens;
•enter into transactions with affiliates;
•enter into agreements restricting our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends; and
•consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets.
In addition, the Credit Agreement requires us to maintain a first lien net leverage ratio if borrowings outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility exceed a specified threshold. Our ability to meet this leverage ratio can be affected by events beyond our control, and we may be unable to meet the ratio.
A breach of the covenants or restrictions under the Credit Agreement could result in an event of default under the applicable indebtedness. Such default may allow the creditors to accelerate the related debt and may result in the acceleration of any other debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies. In addition, an event of default under the Credit Agreement would permit the lenders under our Credit Facilities to terminate all commitments to extend further credit under those facilities. Furthermore, if we were unable to repay the amounts due and payable under the Credit Facilities, the lenders thereunder could proceed against
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the collateral granted to them to secure that indebtedness. In the event our lenders accelerate the repayment of our borrowings, we and our subsidiaries may not have sufficient assets to repay that indebtedness. As a result of these restrictions, we may be:
•limited in how we conduct our business;
•unable to raise additional debt or equity financing to operate during general economic or business downturns; or
•unable to compete effectively or to take advantage of new business opportunities.
These restrictions may affect our ability to grow in accordance with our strategy. In addition, our financial results, substantial indebtedness and credit ratings could materially adversely affect the availability and terms of our financing.
Our variable rate indebtedness subjects us to interest rate risk, which could cause our debt service obligations to increase significantly.
Borrowings under the Credit Facilities are at variable rates of interest and expose us to interest rate risk. During 2022 and 2023, the U.S. Federal Reserve (the “Fed”) sharply raised interest rates from historically low levels. Rates remained high until September 2024, when the Fed began to reduce rates resulting in a total decrease of 1% in 2024. The Fed has signaled to markets they expect rates to decline over the long term, however, to the extent the Fed decides to again raise interest rates, there is a risk that rates across the financial system may rise including the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"). As interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on the variable rate indebtedness increase even though the amount borrowed remained the same, and our net income and cash flows, including cash available for servicing our indebtedness, correspondingly decrease. Although we previously entered into interest rate swap instruments to limit our exposure to changes in variable interest rates, those instruments matured as of December 31, 2022 and as such we are fully subject to interest rate risk if SOFR rates increase.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Class A Common Stock and Our Capitalization Structure
The market price of our Class A common stock may be volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
The market price of our Class A common stock may be volatile and could be subject to fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. These fluctuations could cause you to lose all or part of your investment in our Class A common stock since you might be unable to sell your shares at or above the price you paid for such shares.
Factors that could cause fluctuations in the market price of our Class A common stock include the following:
•the likelihood, timing, and/or execution of the potential Merger with Salesforce;
•price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market from time to time;
•volatility in the trading prices and trading volumes of technology stocks;
•changes in operating performance and stock market valuations of other technology companies generally, or those in our industry in particular;
•sales of shares of our Class A common stock by us or our stockholders;
•failure of securities analysts to maintain coverage of us, changes in financial estimates by securities analysts who follow our company, or our failure to meet these estimates or the expectations of investors;
•the financial projections we may provide to the public, any changes in those projections, or our failure to meet those projections;
•announcements by us or our competitors of new products, features, or services;
•the public’s reaction to our press releases, other public announcements, and filings with the SEC;
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•rumors and market speculation involving us or other companies in our industry;
•actual or anticipated changes in our results of operations or fluctuations in our results of operations;
•actual or anticipated developments in our business, our competitors’ businesses or the competitive landscape generally;
•litigation involving us, our industry, or both, or investigations by regulators into our operations or those of our competitors;
•developments or disputes concerning our intellectual property or other proprietary rights;
•actual or perceived security breaches or incidents;
•announced or completed acquisitions of businesses, products, services, or technologies by us or our competitors;
•new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to our business;
•changes in accounting standards, policies, guidelines, interpretations, or principles;
•any significant change in our management; and
•general economic conditions and slow or negative growth of our markets.
In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a particular company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against these companies. This litigation, if instituted against us, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our management’s attention and resources.
We may need additional capital, and we cannot be certain that additional financing will be available on favorable terms, or at all.
Historically, we have funded our operations and capital expenditures primarily through cash generated from our operations as well as debt refinancings. Although we currently believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, cash flow from operations and the Revolving Credit Facility will be sufficient to meet our cash needs for at least the next twelve months, we may require additional financing. We evaluate financing opportunities from time to time, and our ability to obtain financing will depend, among other things, on our development efforts, business plans, operating performance, and condition of the capital markets at the time we seek financing. We cannot assure you that additional financing will be available to us on favorable terms when required, or at all. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or equity-linked or debt securities, those securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to the rights of our Class A common stock, and our stockholders may experience dilution.
Substantial future sales of our Class A common stock could depress the market price of our Class A common stock.
The market price of our Class A common stock could decline as a result of sales of a large number of shares of our Class A common stock in the market, and the perception that these sales could occur may also depress the market price of our Class A common stock. As of June 30, 2025, approximately 63% of our outstanding Class A and Class B-1 common stock is owned by entities affiliated with our Sponsors, including approximately 22 million Class A shares owned by Ithaca L.P., a limited partnership affiliated with Permira (“Ithaca”).
The Sponsors and their affiliates have, and may in the future from time to time seek to sell or otherwise dispose of some or all of their shares, including by selling shares in underwritten offerings, block trades or open market transactions, or by distributing shares to their equity holders or otherwise. For example, under our amended and restated registration rights agreement, the Sponsors and their affiliates can require us to register shares owned by them for public sale in the United States. In November 2024, the Sponsors exercised this right in an underwritten offering of 16 million shares of our Class A common stock. In addition, certain Sponsor-affiliated entities, including Ithaca, have the right to distribute some or all of their Class A shares to their limited partners. Furthermore, the Ithaca limited partners have the right to elect to withdraw their shares at certain points in the future, at which point they may sell those shares at their discretion. If any of these entities were to
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register or distribute their shares, or if the limited partners in those entities choose to exercise their rights to withdraw their shares, such shares would be available for resale in the public market, either immediately or at a later date. For example, in November 2023, June 2024, and November 2024, Ithaca distributed shares of Class A common stock to various of its limited partners, all of which were available for immediate resale in the public market at the discretion of the applicable limited partner. Permira will continue to retain voting and investment power over the remaining shares held by Ithaca, which shares may be subsequently sold or distributed by Ithaca from time to time.
We also filed a registration statement to register shares reserved for future issuance under our equity compensation plans. As a result, subject to the satisfaction of applicable exercise periods, the shares issued upon exercise of outstanding stock options or upon settlement of outstanding RSU awards are available for immediate resale in the open market.
Sales of our shares as restrictions end or pursuant to registration rights may make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate. These sales also could cause the market price of our Class A common stock to fall and make it more difficult for you to sell shares of our Class A common stock.
The Sponsors have a controlling influence over matters requiring stockholder approval, which could delay or prevent a change of control.
Our Sponsors and their affiliates control approximately 63% of the combined voting power of our capital stock as a result of their beneficial ownership of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock as of June 30, 2025. The Sponsors have entered into a stockholders agreement whereby they each agreed, among other things, to vote the shares each beneficially owns and is entitled to vote thereon in favor of the director nominees designated by Permira and CPP Investments, respectively.
Under the stockholders agreement and our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, and applicable law, for so long as a Sponsor owns or holds of record, directly or indirectly, in the aggregate at least 15% of the Company’s outstanding shares of our Class A and Class B-1 common stock, the following actions will require the affirmative vote of each such Sponsor:
•any changes to the size of our board of directors;
•any termination, appointment or replacement of our Chief Executive Officer;
•any transactions that would result in a change of control;
•any acquisitions, dispositions or the incurrence of indebtedness over $300 million; and
•any changes in the Corporate Opportunity provisions in our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
Additionally, for so long as Permira and CPP Investments each beneficially own, in the aggregate, 20% or more of the shares of our Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock held by them upon completion of the IPO, each will have the right to designate two members of our board of directors. For so long as Permira and CPP Investments each beneficially own, in the aggregate, less than 20% but at least 10% of the shares of our Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock held by them upon completion of the IPO, each will have the right to designate one member of our board of directors. Further, for so long as the Sponsors have a right to appoint, in the aggregate, four members of our board of directors, the Sponsors will have a right to jointly appoint one additional member of our board of directors. For so long as a Sponsor has the right to designate at least one member of our board of directors, such Sponsor is entitled to appoint at least one nominee to serve on each committee of our board of directors, other than the audit committee, and the chair of each of the committees, other than the audit committee, is a director serving on such committee who is designated by the Sponsors. However, as soon as we are no longer a “controlled company” under the rules of the NYSE, our committee membership will comply with all applicable requirements of those standards and a majority of our board of directors will be “independent directors,” as defined under the rules of the NYSE, subject to any phase-in provisions.
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Certain of our directors have relationships with the Sponsors, which may cause conflicts of interest with respect to our business.
Three of our ten directors are affiliated with Permira, and two of our directors are employees of CPP Investments. These directors have fiduciary duties to us and, in addition, have duties to the respective Sponsor and their affiliates, respectively. As a result, these directors may face real or apparent conflicts of interest with respect to matters affecting both us and the Sponsors, whose interests may be adverse to ours in some circumstances.
The Sponsors and their affiliates may pursue corporate opportunities independent of us that could present conflicts with our and our stockholders’ interests.
The Sponsors and their affiliates are in the business of making or advising on investments in companies and hold (and may from time to time in the future acquire) interests in or provide advice to businesses that directly or indirectly compete with certain portions of our business or are suppliers or customers of ours. The Sponsors and their affiliates may also pursue acquisitions that may be complementary to our business and, as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us.
Delaware law and provisions in our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and amended and restated bylaws could make a merger, tender offer, or proxy contest difficult, thereby depressing the market price of our Class A common stock.
Our status as a Delaware corporation and the anti-takeover provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law may discourage, delay, or prevent a change in control by prohibiting us from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the person becomes an interested stockholder, even if a change of control would be beneficial to our existing stockholders. In addition, our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and amended and restated bylaws contain provisions that may make the acquisition of our company more difficult, including the following:
•any transaction that would result in a change in control of our company requires the approval of a majority of our outstanding Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock voting as a separate class;
•our board of directors is classified into three classes of directors with staggered three-year terms and after the Sponsors cease to beneficially own, in the aggregate, at least 50% of the outstanding shares of our Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock, directors will only be able to be removed from office for cause;
•after the Sponsors cease to beneficially own, in the aggregate, at least 50% of the outstanding shares of our Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock, our stockholders will only be able to take action at a meeting of stockholders and not by written consent;
•vacancies on our board of directors will be able to be filled only by our board of directors and not by stockholders;
•after the Sponsors cease to beneficially own, in the aggregate, at least 50% of the outstanding shares of our Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock, only our chair of the board of directors or a majority of board of directors will be authorized to call a special meeting of stockholders;
•certain litigation against us can only be brought in Delaware;
•our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation authorizes undesignated preferred stock, the terms of which may be established and shares of which may be issued without the approval of the holders of Class A common stock; and
•advance notice procedures apply for stockholders to nominate candidates for election as directors or to bring matters before an annual meeting of stockholders.
These anti-takeover defenses could discourage, delay, or prevent a transaction involving a change in control of our company. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for stockholders to elect directors of their choosing and to cause us to take other corporate actions they desire, any of which, under certain circumstances, could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for
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their shares of our capital stock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our Class A common stock.
Our amended and restated bylaws designate a state or federal court located within the State of Delaware as the exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, and also provide that the federal district courts will be the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act, each of which could limit our stockholders’ ability to choose the judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.
Our amended and restated bylaws provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for the following types of actions or proceedings under Delaware statutory or common law: (1) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (2) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, stockholders, officers or other employees to us or our stockholders, (3) any action arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws or (4) any other action asserting a claim that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine shall be the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if the Court of Chancery does not have jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware), in all cases subject to the court having jurisdiction over indispensable parties named as defendants. The provisions would not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act, or any other claim for which the U.S. federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction.
Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all such Securities Act actions. Accordingly, both state and federal courts have jurisdiction to entertain such claims. To prevent having to litigate claims in multiple jurisdictions and the threat of inconsistent or contrary rulings by different courts, among other considerations, our amended and restated bylaws also provide that the federal district courts of the United States of America is the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. However, while the Delaware Supreme Court ruled in March 2020 that federal forum selection provisions purporting to require claims under the Securities Act be brought in federal court are “facially valid” under Delaware law, there is uncertainty as to whether other courts will enforce our federal forum provision. If the federal forum provision is found to be unenforceable, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters.
Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any of our securities shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to this provision. This exclusive-forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum of such stockholder’s choosing for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees. If a court were to find the exclusive-forum provision in our amended and restated bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving the dispute in other jurisdictions, which could harm our results of operations.
Our Class A common stock market price and trading volume could decline if securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business.
The trading market for our Class A common stock depends in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. The analysts’ estimates are based upon their own opinions and are often different from our estimates or expectations. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our Class A common stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the market price of our Class A common stock would likely decline. If few securities analysts commence coverage of us, or if one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our securities could decrease, which might cause the market price and trading volume of our Class A common stock to decline.
We are a controlled company within the meaning of the rules of the NYSE and, as a result, will qualify for and intend to rely on exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements.
Our Sponsors beneficially own a majority of the combined voting power of all classes of our outstanding voting stock. As a result, we are a controlled company within the meaning of the rules of the NYSE. Under the NYSE rules, a company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by another person or group of
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persons acting together is a controlled company and may elect not to comply with certain NYSE corporate governance requirements, including the requirements that:
•a majority of the board of directors consist of independent directors;
•the nominating and governance committee be composed entirely of independent directors; and
•the compensation committee be composed entirely of independent directors.
These requirements will not apply to us as long as we remain a controlled company. We have taken advantage of some of these exemptions. Accordingly, you may not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of the NYSE.
Our Sponsors and their affiliates control us and their interests may conflict with ours or yours in the future.
Our Sponsors and their affiliates control approximately 63% of the combined voting power of our capital stock as a result of their beneficial ownership of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock as of June 30, 2025. Even when the Sponsors and their affiliates cease to beneficially own shares of our common stock representing a majority of the combined voting power, for so long as the Sponsors continue to beneficially own a significant percentage of our common stock, the Sponsors will still be able to significantly influence the composition of our board of directors and the approval of actions requiring stockholder approval through their combined voting power. Accordingly, for such period of time, the Sponsors and their affiliates will have significant influence with respect to our management, business plans and policies. In particular, the Sponsors and their affiliates are able to cause or prevent a change of control of our company or a change in the composition of our board of directors and could preclude any unsolicited acquisition of our company. The concentration of voting power could deprive you of an opportunity to receive a premium for your shares of Class A common stock as part of a sale of our company and ultimately might affect the market price of our Class A common stock.
The Sponsors and their affiliates engage in a broad spectrum of activities. In the ordinary course of their business activities, the Sponsors and their affiliates may engage in activities where their interests conflict with our interests or those of our stockholders. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide that none of the Sponsors, any of their affiliates or any director who is not employed by us (including any non-employee director who serves as one of our officers in both his director and officer capacities) or his or her affiliates will have any duty to refrain from engaging, directly or indirectly, in the same business activities or similar business activities or lines of business in which we operate. The Sponsors and their affiliates also may pursue acquisition opportunities that may be complementary to our business, and, as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us. In addition, the Sponsors and their affiliates may have an interest in us pursuing acquisitions, divestitures and other transactions that, in their judgment, could enhance their investment, even though such transactions might involve risks to you.
We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.
We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business or for share repurchases. We do not expect the Company or our subsidiaries to declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. As a result, stockholders must rely on sales of their Class A common stock after price appreciation as the only way to realize any future gains on their investment.
General Risk Factors
The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources, divert management’s attention and affect our ability to attract and retain qualified board members.
As a public company, we are subject to the reporting and corporate governance requirements of the Exchange Act, the listing requirements of the NYSE and other applicable securities rules and regulations, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. Compliance with these rules and regulations has increased and will continue to increase our legal and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly and increase demand on our systems and resources. Among other things, the Exchange Act requires that we file annual, quarterly and
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current reports with respect to our business and results of operations and maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. In order to enhance our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting to meet this standard, significant resources and management oversight may be required. As a result, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Although we have already hired additional personnel to help comply with these requirements, we may need to further expand our legal and finance departments in the future, which will increase our costs and expenses. In addition, changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure are creating uncertainty for public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs and making some activities more time-consuming. These laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We intend to invest resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expense and a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. If our efforts to comply with new laws, regulations and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us and our business and prospects may be harmed. As a result of disclosure of information in the filings required of a public company and in this Report, our business and financial condition will become more visible, which may result in threatened or actual litigation, including by competitors and other third parties. If such claims are successful, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be materially harmed, and even if the claims do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor, these claims, and the time and resources necessary to resolve them, could divert the resources of our management and materially harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
In addition, these new rules and regulations will make it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain coverage. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified executive officers and members of our board of directors, particularly to serve on our audit committee and compensation committee.
In addition, as a result of our disclosure obligations as a public company, we will have reduced strategic flexibility and will be under pressure to focus on short-term results, which may materially and adversely affect our ability to achieve long-term profitability.
Business interruptions could adversely affect our business.
Our operations are vulnerable to interruption by fire, earthquake, power loss, telecommunications or network failure, and other significant natural disasters or events beyond our control. In addition, acts of terrorism, war and other geopolitical unrest (including the military conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and the conflicts in the Middle East, and any related political or economic responses and counter-responses or otherwise by global actors) could cause disruptions in our business or the business of our partners, customers or the economy as a whole. We have prepared a detailed disaster recovery plan which includes the use of internal and external resources and will continue to expand the scope over time. Disasters or disruptions can negatively affect our operations given necessary interaction among our international facilities.
Our headquarters and a number of our employees are located in the San Francisco Bay Area, a region known for seismic activity. In the event such an earthquake or any other natural disaster or man-made failure occurs, it could disrupt the operations of our affected facilities and recovery of our resources. In addition, we do not carry sufficient business interruption insurance to compensate us for losses that may occur, and any losses or damages incurred by us could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Our corporate business processes rely on SaaS providers such as Microsoft 365, Salesforce, Oracle and Marketo to provide highly available business services. In addition, our cloud subscription offerings depend on third-party service providers, including AWS, Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud, and certain single-source suppliers, including MITI, for our database connectors. Disruptions to any of our service providers or suppliers, whether due to a cyber incident, other outage, or performance problems has in the past, and may in the future, adversely impact our ability to deliver our cloud-based software solutions and could also have a negative effect on our operations and harm our business.
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We may be the subject of litigation which, if adversely determined, could harm our business and operating results.
Our business is subject to regulation by various federal, state, local and foreign governmental agencies, including agencies responsible for monitoring and enforcing employment and labor laws, workplace safety, laws relating to privacy, security and data protection, consumer protection laws, anti-bribery laws, import/export controls, federal securities laws and tax laws and regulations. Noncompliance with applicable regulations or requirements could subject us to investigations, sanctions, enforcement actions, disgorgement of profits, fines, damages and civil and criminal penalties or injunctions. We have been, currently are, and may in the future be, subject to legal claims arising in the normal course of business. Such legal claims have included governmental, intellectual property-related, commercial, and employment claims, and may in the future include those categories of claims, as well as, product liability, class action, whistleblower and other litigation and claims. An unfavorable outcome on any litigation matter could require that we pay substantial damages. In addition, we may decide to settle any litigation, which could cause us to incur significant costs.
The outcome of litigation and other claims or lawsuits is intrinsically uncertain. Management’s view of the litigation might also change in the future. Actual outcomes of litigation and other claims or lawsuits could differ from the assessments made by management in prior periods, which are the basis for our accounting for these litigations and claims under GAAP. A settlement or an unfavorable outcome on any litigation matter could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, reputation, financial position or cash flows. In addition, responding to any action will likely result in a significant diversion of management’s attention and resources and an increase in professional fees. Enforcement actions and sanctions could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
None.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

|  | Total number of shares purchased (1) |  | Average price paid per share |  | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs |  | Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs
|  | (in thousands, except per share amounts)
April 1, 2025 to April 30, 2025 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 596,974 |
May 1, 2025 to May 31, 2025 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 596,974 |
June 1, 2025 to June 30, 2025 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 596,974 |
Total |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |

(1) On February 10, 2025, the Board approved a new share repurchase authorization which enables the Company to repurchase up to an additional $400 million of its Class A common stock through privately-negotiated purchases with individual holders or in the open market, bringing the aggregate authorized repurchase amount to $800 million. For the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company did not repurchase any of its Class A common stock through open market purchases. A committee of the Board will determine the timing, amount and terms of any repurchase. Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, the Company is prevented from repurchasing shares under the previously-approved program pending the completion of the transaction.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
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Item 5. Other Information
On June 11, 2025, Gerald Held, a member of the Board of Directors of the Company, terminated a trading arrangement intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of SEC Rule 10b5-1(c) that he had previously adopted with respect to the sale of the Company’s common stock. This trading plan was adopted on December 11, 2024, and was set to expire on March 12, 2026. The plan provided for the sale of up to 17,553 shares of common stock pursuant to the terms of the plan.
On June 9, 2025, Amit Walia, Chief Executive Officer, and member of the Board of Directors of the Company, terminated a trading arrangement intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of SEC Rule 10b5-1(c) that he had previously adopted with respect to the sale of the Company’s common stock. This trading plan was adopted on December 12, 2024, and was set to expire on March 14, 2026. The plan provided for the sale of up to 859,500 shares of common stock pursuant to the terms of the plan.
On April 16, 2025, Ansa Sekharan, the Chief Customer Officer of the Company, terminated a trading arrangement intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of SEC Rule 10b5-1(c) that he had previously adopted with respect to the sale of the Company’s common stock. This trading plan was adopted on June 7, 2024, and was set to expire on August 10, 2025. The plan provided for the sale of up to 177,204 shares of common stock pursuant to the terms of the plan.
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Item 6. Exhibits
EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit |  | Incorporated by Reference
Number | Description | Form | File No. | Exhibit | Filing Date
2.1 | Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of May 26, 2025, by and among Informatica Inc., Salesforce, Inc. and Phoenix I Merger Sub, Inc. | 8-K | 001-40936 | 2.1 | 5/28/2025
10.1 | Waiver and Acknowledgment, dated as of May 26, 2025, by and among Ansa Sekharan, Informatica Inc. and Salesforce, Inc. | 8-K | 001-40936 | 10.1 | 5/28/2025
31.1 | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  |  |  |
31.2 | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  |  |  |
32.1† | Certifications of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  |  |  |
101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document. |  |  |  |
101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. |  |  |  |
101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |
101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |
101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |
101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibits 101) |  |  |  |
† | The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 that accompany this Report are deemed furnished and not filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Informatica Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Report, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: | August 8, 2025 | INFORMATICA INC.
|  | By: | /s/ AMIT WALIA
|  |  | Amit Walia
|  |  | Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)
|  | By: | /s/ MICHAEL MCLAUGHLIN
|  |  | Michael McLaughlin
|  |  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

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