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Incentive Plans
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Incentive Plans Incentive Plans
2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan
Effective August 30, 2013, certain of our employees began to participate in the Murphy USA 2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan which was subsequently amended and restated effective as of February 8, 2017 (the “MUSA 2013 Plan”). The MUSA 2013 Plan authorizes the Executive Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors (“the Committee”) to grant non-qualified or incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards (including restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards), dividend equivalent units, cash awards, and performance awards to our employees. No more than 5.5 million shares of MUSA common stock may be delivered under the MUSA 2013 Plan and no more than 1 million shares of common stock may be awarded to any one employee, subject to adjustment for changes in capitalization. The maximum cash amount payable pursuant to any “performance-based” award to any participant in any calendar year is $5.0 million. On May 4, 2023, the 2023 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the "MUSA 2023 Plan") was approved by shareholders and became effective for all future grants for both employees and directors, as described later in the footnote.

Beginning with its initial quarterly dividend in December 2020, the Company issues dividend equivalent units ("DEU") on all outstanding, unvested equity awards (except stock options) in an amount commensurate with regular quarterly dividends paid on common stock. The terms of the DEU mirror the underlying awards and will only vest if the related award vests. DEUs issued are included with grants in each respective table as applicable.
 
STOCK OPTIONS – The Committee fixes the option price of each option granted at no less than fair market value (FMV) on the date of the grant and fixes the option term at no more than 7 years from such date. In February 2023, the Committee granted nonqualified stock options to certain employees of the Company. The Black-Scholes valuation for these awards was $88.53 per option.

Assumptions used to value awards:
Dividend yield0.53 %
Expected volatility33.1 %
Risk-free interest rate3.8 %
Expected life (years)4.9
Stock price at valuation date$263.48

Changes in options outstanding for Company employees during the period from December 31, 2022 to September 30, 2023 are presented in the following table:

2013 Plan — Options Number of SharesWeighted Average Exercise PriceWeighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)Aggregate Intrinsic Value (Millions of Dollars)
Outstanding at December 31, 2022313,950 $112.06 
Granted38,100 $263.48 
Exercised(54,450)$76.08 
Outstanding at September 30, 2023297,600 $138.02 4.1$60.6 
Exercisable at September 30, 2023167,100 $97.47 3.1$40.8 

RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS (MUSA 2013 Plan) – The Committee has granted time-based restricted stock units (RSUs) as part of the compensation plan for its executives and certain other employees since its inception. The awards granted in the current year were under the MUSA 2013 Plan, are valued at the grant date fair value, and vest over three years. 

Changes in restricted stock units outstanding for Company employees during the period from December 31, 2022 to September 30, 2023 are presented in the following table:

2013 Plan — Employee RSUs Number of unitsWeighted Average Grant Date Fair ValueTotal Fair Value (Millions of Dollars)
Outstanding at December 31, 2022149,366 $125.51 
Granted34,600 $256.84 
Vested and issued(60,735)$80.07 $16.0 
Forfeited(2,642)$176.19 
Outstanding at September 30, 2023120,589 $198.08 $41.2 

PERFORMANCE-BASED RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS (MUSA 2013 Plan) – In February 2023, the Committee awarded performance-based restricted stock units (performance units or PSU) to certain employees.  Half of the performance units vest based on a three-year return on average capital employed ("ROACE") calculation and the other half vest based on a three-year total shareholder return ("TSR") calculation that compares MUSA to a group of 17 peer companies.  The portion of the awards that vest based on TSR qualify as a market condition and must be valued using a Monte Carlo valuation model. For the TSR portion of the awards, the fair value was determined to be $330.18 per unit.  For the ROACE portion of the awards, the valuation will be based on the grant date fair value of $263.48 per unit and the number of awards will be periodically assessed to determine the probability of vesting. 
Changes in performance-based restricted stock units outstanding for Company employees during the period from December 31, 2022 to September 30, 2023 are presented in the following table:

2013 Plan — Employee PSUsNumber of UnitsWeighted Average Grant Date Fair ValueTotal Fair Value (Millions of Dollars)
Outstanding at December 31, 2022106,001 $160.03 
Granted62,275 $292.52 
Vested and issued(72,799)$121.83 $19.0 
Outstanding at September 30, 202395,477 $218.97 $32.6 

2013 Stock Plan for Non-employee Directors
 
Effective August 8, 2013, Murphy USA adopted the 2013 Murphy USA Stock Plan for Non-employee Directors (the “2013 Directors Plan”).  The directors for Murphy USA are compensated with a mixture of cash payments and equity-based awards.  Awards under the Directors Plan may be in the form of restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock options, or a combination thereof.  An aggregate of 500,000 shares of common stock was reserved for issuance of grants under the Directors Plan. With approval of the 2023 Omnibus Plan, all future director grants will be granted under that plan.
 
RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS (2013 Directors Plan) – The Committee has also granted time based RSUs to the non-employee directors of the Company as part of their overall compensation package for being a member of the Board of Directors.  Awards prior to 2023 vest at the end of three years and those granted in 2023 vest at the end of one year.

DEFERRED STOCK UNITS (2013 Directors Plan) — Effective January 1, 2023, non-employee directors can elect to receive their annual cash retainers in the form of Deferred Stock Units ("DSUs"). The DSUs are recognized at their fair value on the date of the grant. Director fees which are deferred into DSUs are calculated and expensed each quarter by taking fees earned during the quarter and dividing by the closing price of our common stock on the last trading day of the quarter. Each DSU represents the right to receive one share of common stock following the completion of a director's service. In addition, beginning with the 2023 annual equity grants to non-employee directors, the directors may elect to defer receipt of their vested RSUs until their service ends. These RSUs are included in the Director RSU table below, will vest in one year, and will thereafter become deferred stock units.

Changes in restricted stock units outstanding for Company non-employee directors during the period from December 31, 2022 to September 30, 2023 are presented in the following table:

2013 Plan — Director RSUs and DSUs Number of UnitsWeighted Average Grant Date Fair ValueTotal Fair Value (Millions of Dollars)
Outstanding at December 31, 202226,923 $132.38 
Granted6,584 $258.35 
Vested and issued(9,880)$110.19 $2.7 
Outstanding at September 30, 2023, including DSUs
23,627 $177.98 $8.1 

During the three-month period ended March 31, 2023, we granted 421 DSUs and recorded director expense of $0.1 million related to the grants under the 2013 Plan. One DEU share was granted and vested on these DSUs during the third quarter period. At September 30, 2023 there were 422 Director DSUs outstanding with an average grant date fair value of $258.05 under the 2013 Plan.
2023 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan

On May 4, 2023, the MUSA 2023 Plan became effective upon the approval of the Company's stockholders. The MUSA 2023 Plan has been established to replace, on a prospective basis, the MUSA 2013 Plan and the 2013 Directors Plan, each of which expired on August 8, 2023. The MUSA 2023 Plan authorizes the Executive Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors (“the Committee”) to grant to non-employee directors, employees, and consultants of the Company, or any of its subsidiaries, stock options (incentive stock options ("ISOs") and nonqualified stock options ("NQSO")), stock appreciation rights ("SARs"), restricted stock, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), performance awards or other cash-based awards and other stock-based awards. The maximum number of shares available for issuance under the MUSA 2023 Plan shall not exceed in the aggregate 1,725,000 shares (subject to certain adjustments). As of September 30, 2023, other than the deferred stock units described below, no other grants have been made under the MUSA 2023 Plan.

DEFERRED STOCK UNITS — Non-employee directors can elect to receive their annual cash retainers in the form of DSUs. The DSUs are recognized at their fair value on the date of the grant. Director fees which are deferred into DSUs are calculated and expensed each quarter by taking fees earned during the quarter and dividing by the closing price of our common stock on the last trading day of the quarter. Each DSU represents the right to receive one share of common stock following the completion of a director's service.

Changes in restricted stock units outstanding for Company 2023 Plan during the period from December 31, 2022 to September 30, 2023 are presented in the following table:

2023 Plan — RSUs and Director DSUs Number of UnitsWeighted Average Grant Date Fair ValueTotal Fair Value (Millions of Dollars)
Outstanding at December 31, 2022— $— 
Granted
692
$325.32 
Vested and issued
0
$— $— 
Outstanding at September 30, 2023, including DSUs
692 $325.32 $0.2 


During the three-month period ended September 30, 2023, we granted 692 DSUs and recorded director expense of $0.2 million related to the grants. At September 30, 2023, there were 692 Director DSUs vested and outstanding with an average grant date fair value of $325.32 under the MUSA 2023 Plan.
Share-based compensation for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, was $15.8 million and $11.7 million, respectively. There were $0.4 million in income tax benefits realized for the tax deductions from options exercised for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and there were $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.