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Share-Based Compensation | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2016
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract] |
Share-Based Compensation | Share-Based Compensation We have historically maintained a stock option plan for key employees, directors and consultants (“the 1992 Plan”). The 1992 Plan provided for 14.9 million shares to be issued under the plan in the form of stock options. Under the terms of the 1992 Plan, the exercise price of shares granted may not be less than 85% of the fair market value at the date of the grant. Options granted to directors vest one-third each year, commencing one year after the date of grant. All other options granted vest at a rate of 20% per year, commencing one year after date of grant, and are exercisable during years 2-10. On May 22, 2007, our stockholders adopted a Long-Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”) which provided an additional 3.3 million shares that could be granted in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, performance units and performance awards. Since inception of the LTIP, non-qualified stock options and restricted stock awards were granted with the same vesting schedule as the previous plan. Under the LTIP, the exercise price of shares granted could not be less than 100% of the fair market value at the date of the grant. On May 24, 2016, our stockholders adopted the 2016 Long-Term Incentive Plan ("2016 Plan") which provides for approximately 3.8 million shares, comprised of 3.4 million new shares provided for under the 2016 Plan and approximately 0.4 million shares that were available for issuance under the previous LTIP, that are now authorized for issuance under the 2016 Plan, that can be granted in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, performance awards, dividend equivalent rights, and other awards. Under the 2016 Plan, the exercise price of shares granted may not be less than 100% of the fair market value at the date of the grant. The 2016 Plan will be administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors or such other committee of the Board of Directors as is designated by the Board of Directors (the “Committee”). Membership on the Committee shall be limited to independent directors. The Committee may delegate certain duties to one or more officers of the Company as provided in the 2016 Plan. The Committee will determine the persons to whom awards are to be made, determine the type, size and terms of awards, interpret the 2016 Plan, establish and revise rules and regulations relating to the 2016 Plan and make any other determinations that it believes necessary for the administration of the 2016 Plan. The compensation cost related to unvested stock options not yet recognized as of September 30, 2016 is $5.5 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.5 years. The following weighted average assumptions were used to determine the fair value of the stock options granted on the original grant date for expense recognition purposes for options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 using a Black Scholes Model:
| Nine months ended
| September 30, 2016 |  | September 30, 2015
Director and Officers: |  |  |
Expected dividend rate | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | 0.18 |
Expected volatility | 42.38 | % |  | 44.14 | %
Risk-free interest rate | 2.02 | % |  | 1.97 | %
Expected life (in years) | 8.0 |  |  | 8.0 |
Employees: |  |  |  |  |
Expected dividend rate | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | 0.18 |
Expected volatility | 40.41 | % |  | 44.13 | %
Risk-free interest rate | 1.60 | % |  | 2.05 | %
Expected life (in years) | 7.3 |  |  | 8.0 |
The expected term of the options is based on evaluations of historical and expected future employee exercise behavior. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury rates at the date of grant with maturity dates approximately equal to the expected life at the grant date. Volatility is based on historical volatility of our stock over time periods equal to the expected life at grant date. The following is a summary of stock options vested and exercisable as of September 30, 2016:
Range of Exercise Prices |  | Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  | Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
$4.54-$8.65 |  | 329,433 |  |  | 4.79 |  | $ | 7.62 |  |  | $ | 6,984 |
$8.70-$22.76 |  | 38,598 |  |  | 7.01 |  | 15.09 |  |  | 530 |
$23.57-$28.20 |  | 7,764 |  |  | 8.31 |  | 23.61 |  |  | 40 |
Total |  | 375,795 |  |  | 5.09 |  | $ | 8.72 |  |  | $ | 7,554 |
The following is a summary of stock options vested and exercisable as of September 30, 2015:
Range of Exercise Prices |  | Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  | Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
$4.31-$7.18 |  | 261,442 |  |  | 4.11 |  | $ | 5.93 |  |  | $ | 3,516 |
$7.44-$8.17 |  | 17,550 |  |  | 5.84 |  | 7.72 |  |  | 205 |
$8.65-$23.57 |  | 176,895 |  |  | 6.71 |  | 9.04 |  |  | 1,830 |
Total |  | 455,887 |  |  | 5.18 |  | $ | 7.20 |  |  | $ | 5,551 |
A summary of option activity under the plans is as follows:
Options | Shares |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at December 31, 2015 | 1,130,910 |  |  | $ | 13.38 |
Granted | 236,210 |  |  | 25.03 |
Exercised | (227,244 | ) |  | 7.39 |
Forfeited or Expired | (48,939 | ) |  | 20.09 |
Outstanding at September 30, 2016 | 1,090,937 |  |  | $ | 16.85 |
Exercisable at September 30, 2016 | 375,795 |  |  | $ | 8.72 |
The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was $4.3 million and $7.0 million, respectively. The cash received from options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was $1.7 million and $2.6 million, respectively. The impact of these cash receipts is included in financing activities in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Since 2007, as part of the LTIP and since May 2016 as part of the 2016 Plan, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors has authorized and issued restricted stock awards to directors and key employees. Restricted stock awards granted to directors vest one-third each year. All other restricted stock awards vest at a rate of 20% per year. The fair value of restricted stock awards is based on the fair market value of AAON, Inc. common stock on the respective grant dates, reduced for the present value of dividends. These awards are recorded at their fair value on the date of grant and compensation cost is recorded using straight-line vesting over the service period. At September 30, 2016, unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock awards was approximately $7.2 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.0 years. A summary of the unvested restricted stock awards is as follows:
Restricted stock | Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2015 | 410,023 |  |  | $ | 18.78 |
Granted | 131,850 |  |  | 22.82 |
Vested | (92,391 | ) |  | 17.73 |
Forfeited | (12,759 | ) |  | 18.51 |
Unvested at September 30, 2016 | 436,723 |  |  | $ | 20.23 |
A summary of share-based compensation is as follows:
| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 30, 2016 |  | September 30, 2015 |  | September 30, 2016 |  | September 30, 2015
Grant date fair value of awards during the period: | (in thousands)
Options | $ | 360 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,419 |  |  | $ | 657 |
Restricted stock | 67 |  |  | 262 |  |  | 3,009 |  |  | 2,818 |
Total | $ | 427 |  |  | $ | 262 |  |  | $ | 5,428 |  |  | $ | 3,475 |
Share-based compensation expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Options | $ | 457 |  |  | $ | 203 |  |  | $ | 1,198 |  |  | $ | 601 |
Restricted stock | 672 |  |  | 592 |  |  | 1,974 |  |  | 1,475 |
Total | $ | 1,129 |  |  | $ | 795 |  |  | $ | 3,172 |  |  | $ | 2,076 |
Income tax benefit/(deficiency) related to share-based compensation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Options | $ | 311 |  |  | $ | (123 | ) |  | $ | 1,441 |  |  | $ | 2,113 |
Restricted stock | 326 |  |  | (112 | ) |  | 325 |  |  | 104 |
Total | $ | 637 |  |  | $ | (235 | ) |  | $ | 1,766 |  |  | $ | 2,217 |
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which makes several modifications to Topic 718 including: accounting for excess tax benefits and deficiencies; classifying excess tax benefits on the statement of cash flows; accounting for forfeitures; classifying awards that permit share repurchases to satisfy statutory tax-withholding requirement; and classifying tax payments on behalf of employees on the statement of cash flows. The ASU becomes effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2016. We early adopted the ASU effective July 1, 2016. The Company previously applied a forfeiture rate to its share-based compensation expense and adjusted expense to actual as awards vested and/or were forfeited. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-09, the Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur, rather than estimating forfeitures as of an award's grant date. This change in accounting policy election was adopted using a modified retrospective transition method and the Company recognized a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings of approximately $150,000. Tax payments made on behalf of an employee by repurchasing shares of stock are now shown separately as cash outflows from financing activities on the statement of cash flows. This provision was retrospectively adopted and prior period cash flows have been reclassified to conform with this presentation. Additionally, the Company retrospectively adopted the provision to classify excess tax benefits and deficiencies as cash flows from operating activities as part of cash payments for taxes on the statement of cash flows. Prior period cash flows have been reclassified to conform with this presentation.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 40 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6418621&loc=d3e17540-113929 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 50 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=51659978&loc=d3e25284-112666 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5070-113901 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5047-113901 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5444-113901 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) -Number Topic 14 + Details
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