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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2021
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] |
SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION | SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION Performance Restricted Stock Units Performance Restricted Stock Units granted in 2021 Performance restricted stock units granted in 2021 include a market condition which is the Company’s total shareholder return relative to its peer group ("Relative TSR") over the performance period. Relative TSR is calculated in accordance with the terms of the applicable award agreement. If performance goals are achieved, these awards will cliff vest at the end of a three-year performance period within a range of 0% to 200% of target. Performance restricted stock units granted in 2021 were share-settled awards. Valuation assumptions The fair value of performance restricted stock units granted in 2021 was measured on the grant date using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The following table provides details of the significant inputs used in the Monte Carlo simulation model:
| Nine months ended September 30, | 2021 |
| Expected volatility | 32.99% |
| Expected term (in years) | 3.0 |
| Expected dividend yield | n/a |
| Risk-free interest rate | 0.17% |
Beginning share price: The beginning share price is based on the average closing share price over the 10 trading days preceding and including the start of the performance period. Ending share price: The ending share price is based on the average closing share price over the 10 trading days preceding and including the end of the performance period. Expected volatility: The expected volatility is estimated based on the Company's historical share price volatility. Expected term: Performance is measured from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2023. Expected dividend yield: The expected dividend yield is not applicable to the performance restricted stock units as dividends are paid at the end of the vesting period and do not affect the value of the performance restricted stock units. Risk-free interest rate: The risk free rate is estimated based on the yield on a U.S. treasury zero-coupon bond issued with a remaining term equal to the vesting period of the performance restricted stock units. Compensation expense associated with performance restricted stock units granted in 2021 is determined on the grant date based on the fair value calculated by the Monte Carlo simulation model. The fair value of these awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Performance Restricted Stock Units g ranted in 2020 and 2019 Performance restricted stock units granted in 2020 and 2019 include a market condition which is the Company’s total shareholder return relative to its peer group ("Relative TSR") over the performance period. Relative TSR is calculated in accordance with the terms of the applicable award agreement. If performance goals are achieved, these awards will cliff vest at the end of a three-year performance period within a range of 75% to 125% of target. Performance restricted stock units granted in 2020 and 2019 were share-settled awards. Compensation expense associated with performance restricted stock units granted in 2020 and 2019 is determined based on market value of the Company's common shares measured at the grant date. The fair value of these awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period and is subject to periodic adjustment based on the achievement of established performance criteria during the performance period. Performance Restricted Stock Units g ranted in 2018 Performance restricted stock units granted in 2018 included a performance condition which was growth in the Company’s book value per diluted common share adjusted for dividends over three years compared to its peer group. Growth in book value per diluted common share adjusted for dividends was calculated in accordance with the terms of the applicable award agreements. Where performance goals were achieved, these awards cliff vested at the end of a three-year performance period within a range of 0% to 200% of target. Performance restricted stock units granted in 2018 were share-settled awards. Compensation expense associated with performance restricted stock units granted in 2018 was determined based on market value of the Company's common shares measured at the grant date. The fair value of these awards was recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period and was subject to periodic adjustment based on the achievement of established performance criteria during the performance period. Share-Settled Awards The following table provides an activity summary of the Company's share-settled restricted stock units for the nine months ended September 30, 2021:
|  | Share-Settled Performance Restricted Stock Units |  | Share-Settled Service Restricted Stock Units |
|  | Number of restricted stock units |  | Weighted average grant date fair value |  | Number of restricted stock units |  | Weighted average grant date fair value |
| Non-vested restricted stock units - beginning of period | 289 |  |  | $ | 55.92 |  |  | 1,501 |  |  | $ | 56.50 |  |
| Granted | 122 |  |  | 49.04 |  |  | 1,234 |  |  | 48.03 |  |
| Vested | (66) |  |  | 48.89 |  |  | (555) |  |  | 56.47 |  |
| Forfeited | (4) |  |  | 62.26 |  |  | (76) |  |  | 54.70 |  |
| Non-vested restricted stock units - end of period | 341 |  |  | $ | 54.74 |  |  | 2,104 |  |  | $ | 51.61 |  |
Cash-Settled awards The following table provides an activity summary of the Company's cash-settled restricted stock units for the nine months ended September 30, 2021:
|  |  |  | Cash-Settled Service Restricted Stock Units |
|  |  |  | Number of restricted stock units |
| Non-vested restricted stock units - beginning of period |  |  | 471 |  |
| Granted |  |  | — |  |
| Vested |  |  | (231) |  |
| Forfeited |  |  | (18) |  |
| Non-vested restricted stock units - end of period |  |  | 222 |  |
The following table provides additional information related to share-based compensation:
Nine months ended September 30, | 2021 |  | 2020
Share-based compensation expense(1) | $ | 37,394 |  |  | $ | 36,178 |
Tax benefits associated with share-based compensation expense | $ | 6,248 |  |  | $ | 6,036 |
Liability for cash-settled restricted stock units(2) | $ | 6,697 |  |  | $ | 10,160 |
Fair value of restricted stock units vested(3) | $ | 42,582 |  |  | $ | 46,939 |
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense | $ | 95,636 |  |  | $ | 83,978 |
Expected weighted average period associated with the recognition of unrecognized share-based compensation expense | 2.6 years |  | 2.5 years
(1) Related to share-settled restricted stock units and cash-settled restricted stock units. (2) Included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. (3) Fair value is based on the closing price of the Company's common shares on the vest date.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for share-based payment arrangement. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2228938 + Details
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