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INCOME TAXES (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Summary of Analysis of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
The following tables provide an analysis of income tax expense (benefit):
Three months ended September 30,20242023
Current income tax expense (benefit)
U.S.$25,451 $17,879 
Europe9,558 (1,105)
Bermuda
2,486 92 
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
U.S.4,380 (4,209)
Europe6,047 11,967 
Bermuda
 — 
Total income tax expense (benefit)$47,922 $24,624 

Nine months ended September 30,20242023
Current income tax expense (benefit)
U.S.$76,744 $52,262 
Europe19,488 7,415 
Bermuda
2,486 291 
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
U.S.2,120 (14,854)
Europe25,682 22,964 
Bermuda
(162,705)— 
Total income tax expense (benefit)$(36,185)$68,078 
Summary of Distribution of Income Before Income Taxes and Reconciliation of Income Tax Rate To Effective Tax Rate
The following tables present the distribution of income before income taxes between domestic and foreign jurisdictions and a reconciliation of the actual income tax rate to the amount computed by applying the effective tax rate of 0% under Bermuda law to income before income taxes:
Three months ended September 30,20242023
Income before income taxes
Bermuda (domestic)$6,695$98,388
Foreign221,955114,334
 Total income before income taxes$228,650$212,722
Reconciliation of effective tax rate (% of income before income taxes)
Expected tax rate0.0 %0.0 %
Foreign taxes at local expected rates:
U.S.12.7 %6.7 %
Europe7.3 %5.1 %
Valuation allowance(2.8 %)(3.5 %)
Bermuda Economic Transition Adjustment
0.0 %0.0 %
Other3.8 %3.3 %
Actual tax rate21.0 %11.6 %

Nine months ended September 30,20242023
Income before income taxes
Bermuda (domestic)$154,014$262,770
Foreign597,954324,178
 Total income before income taxes$751,968$586,948
Reconciliation of effective tax rate (% of income before income taxes)
Expected tax rate0.0 %0.0 %
Foreign taxes at local expected rates:
U.S.10.4 %6.4 %
Europe6.0 %5.2 %
Valuation allowance(1.2 %)(1.8 %)
Bermuda Economic Transition Adjustment(21.6 %)0.0 %
Other1.6 %1.8 %
Actual tax rate(4.8 %)11.6 %