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15. Restructuring Costs (Notes)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Restructuring Costs [Abstract]  
Restructuring and Related Activities Disclosure [Text Block] RESTRUCTURING COSTS

For the year ended December 31, 2016, we recorded $12.5 million related to restructuring actions that include the elimination or relocation of various positions. These actions are generally intended to streamline and focus our efforts and more properly align our cost structure with projected future revenue streams.
 
The following table summarizes the activity of our restructuring reserves for severance (in millions):

 
 
Life Science
 
Clinical Diagnostics
 
Total
Balance at December 31, 2015
 
$

 
$

 
$

Charged to expense
 
4.1

 
7.6

 
11.7

Adjustment to expense
 
0.3

 
0.5

 
0.8

Cash payments
 
(1.0
)
 
(2.0
)
 
(3.0
)
Foreign currency translation gains
 
(0.2
)
 
(0.3
)
 
(0.5
)
Balance at December 31, 2016
 
$
3.2

 
$
5.8

 
$
9.0



In May 2016, management announced that it will take certain actions in our Europe geographic region designed to better align expenses to our revenue and gross margin profile and position us for improved operating performance. These actions, aligned with creation and evolution of our organization structure and coordinated with the implementation of our global single instance ERP platform, are expected to be incurred through 2019. As a result, we recorded approximately $12.5 million in restructuring charges related to severance and other employee benefits for the year ended December 31, 2016, of which $9.0 million is anticipated to be paid through 2019. The liability of $9.0 million as of December 31, 2016 encompassed a short-term liability of $6.4 million and a long-term liability of $2.6 million. The amounts recorded were reflected in Cost of goods sold of $2.1 million, and in Selling, general and administrative expense of $10.4 million in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended December 31, 2016. The amounts adjusted were primarily for additional positions identified for elimination, partially offset by employees finding other positions within Bio-Rad or leaving prematurely.