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13. Restructuring Costs (Notes)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Restructuring Costs [Abstract]  
Restructuring and Related Activities Disclosure [Text Block] 13.    RESTRUCTURING COSTS

For the three months ended March 31, 2017, we recorded less than $0.1 million related to restructuring actions that include the elimination or relocation of various positions. These actions are generally intended to streamline and focus our efforts and more properly align our cost structure with projected future revenue streams.
 
The following table summarizes the activity of our restructuring reserves for severance (in millions):
 
 
Life Science
 
Clinical Diagnostics
 
Total
Balance at December 31, 2016
 
$
3.2

 
$
5.8

 
$
9.0

Charged to expense
 

 

 

Adjustment to expense
 

 

 

Cash payments
 
(0.3
)
 
(0.6
)
 
(0.9
)
Foreign currency translation losses
 

 
0.1

 
0.1

Balance at March 31, 2017
 
$
2.9

 
$
5.3

 
$
8.2



In May, 2016, management announced that it will take certain actions in our Europe geographic region designed to better align expenses to our revenue and gross margin profile and position us for improved operating performance. These actions, aligned with creation and evolution of our organization structure and coordinated with the implementation of our global single instance ERP platform, are expected to be incurred through 2019. As a result, we recorded less than $0.1 million of adjustments in restructuring charges related to severance and other employee benefits for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The liability of $8.2 million as of March 31, 2017 encompassed a short-term liability of $5.8 million and a long-term liability of $2.4 million, and is anticipated to be paid through 2019. The amounts recorded were reflected in Cost of goods sold of $(0.1) million and in Selling, general and administrative expense of $0.1 million in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The amounts adjusted were primarily due to employees finding other positions within Bio-Rad or leaving prematurely.