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4. Intangible Assets, Goodwill and Other | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure | 4. GOODWILL AND OTHER PURCHASED INTANGIBLE ASSETS Changes to goodwill by segment were as follows (in millions):
|  | 2017 |  |  | 2016
|  | Life Science |  | Clinical Diagnostics |  | Total |  |  | Life Science |  | Clinical Diagnostics |  | Total
Balances as of January 1: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill |  | $ | 207.1 |  |  | $ | 311.7 |  |  | $ | 518.8 |  |  |  | $ | 207.2 |  |  | $ | 316.9 |  |  | $ | 524.1 |
Accumulated impairment losses and write-offs |  | (27.2 | ) |  | (14.5 | ) |  | (41.7 | ) |  |  | (27.2 | ) |  | (1.0 | ) |  | (28.2 | )
Goodwill, net |  | 179.9 |  |  | 297.2 |  |  | 477.1 |  |  |  | 180.0 |  |  | 315.9 |  |  | 495.9 |
Acquisitions |  | 26.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 26.2 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |
Impairment |  | (8.7 | ) |  | (2.8 | ) |  | (11.5 | ) |  |  | — |  |  | (13.5 | ) |  | (13.5 | )
Currency fluctuations |  | 1.4 |  |  | 12.9 |  |  | 14.3 |  |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  | (5.2 | ) |  | (5.4 | )
Balances as of December 31: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill |  | 234.7 |  |  | 324.6 |  |  | 559.3 |  |  |  | 207.1 |  |  | 311.7 |  |  | 518.8 |
Accumulated impairment losses and write-offs |  | (35.9 | ) |  | (17.3 | ) |  | (53.2 | ) |  |  | (27.2 | ) |  | (14.5 | ) |  | (41.7 | )
Goodwill, net |  | $ | 198.8 |  |  | $ | 307.3 |  |  | $ | 506.1 |  |  |  | $ | 179.9 |  |  | $ | 297.2 |  |  | $ | 477.1 |
In conjunction with the purchase of all the issued and outstanding stock of RainDance Technologies, Inc. in February 2017 (see Note 2, "Acquisitions"), we recorded $26.2 million of goodwill and $37.6 million of definite-lived intangible assets: $36.4 million of licenses, $1.0 million of developed product technology and $0.2 million of tradenames. In conjunction with the purchase of certain assets from Propel in January 2016 (see Note 2, "Acquisitions"), we recorded $0.1 million of goodwill and $32.7 million of definite-lived intangible assets: $29.7 million of developed product technology and $3.0 million of covenants not to compete. In 2017, we impaired goodwill associated with our 1999 acquisition of Pasteur Sanofi Diagnostics S.A. and with our 2013 acquisition of AbD Serotec in the amounts of $2.8 million and $8.7 million, respectively. Impairment for the Pasteur Sanofi Diagnostics S.A. was included in our Clinical Diagnostics segment's results of operations, and the impairment for AbD Serotec was included in our Life Science segment's results of operations. In 2016, we fully impaired goodwill and in-process research and development in the amounts of $13.5 million and $46.4 million, respectively, associated with our 2014 acquisition of GnuBIO, Inc., which is included in our Clinical Diagnostics segment's results of operations. The impairments were based upon a revision of our Level 3 valuation inputs, i.e., expected future cash flows. Other than goodwill, we have no intangible assets with indefinite lives. Information regarding our identifiable purchased intangible assets with definite lives is as follows (in millions):
| December 31, 2017
| Average Remaining Life (years) |  | Purchase Price |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
Customer relationships/lists | 1-7 |  | $ | 92.3 |  |  | $ | (64.4 | ) |  | $ | 27.9 |
Know how | 1-8 |  | 194.9 |  |  | (157.9 | ) |  | 37.0 |
Developed product technology | 1-12 |  | 133.3 |  |  | (70.3 | ) |  | 63.0 |
Licenses | 1-12 |  | 76.7 |  |  | (36.0 | ) |  | 40.7 |
Tradenames | 1-6 |  | 3.9 |  |  | (3.0 | ) |  | 0.9 |
Covenants not to compete | 1-8 |  | 7.9 |  |  | (3.3 | ) |  | 4.6 |
Total definite-lived intangible assets |  |  | $ | 509.0 |  |  | $ | (334.9 | ) |  | $ | 174.1 |
| December 31, 2016
| Average Remaining Life (years) |  | Purchase Price |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
Customer relationships/lists | 1-8 |  | $ | 84.4 |  |  | $ | (52.8 | ) |  | $ | 31.6 |
Know how | 1-9 |  | 182.6 |  |  | (136.9 | ) |  | 45.7 |
Developed product technology | 3-12 |  | 125.9 |  |  | (56.3 | ) |  | 69.6 |
Licenses | 1-9 |  | 39.0 |  |  | (30.6 | ) |  | 8.4 |
Tradenames | 4-8 |  | 3.5 |  |  | (2.5 | ) |  | 1.0 |
Covenants not to compete | 2-9 |  | 7.8 |  |  | (2.5 | ) |  | 5.3 |
Total definite-lived intangible assets |  |  | $ | 443.2 |  |  | $ | (281.6 | ) |  | $ | 161.6 |
Amortization expense related to purchased intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $30.8 million, $35.2 million and $36.5 million, respectively. Estimated future amortization expense (based on existing purchased intangible assets) for the years ending December 31, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and thereafter is $28.4 million, $25.0 million, $22.9 million, $22.1 million, $18.0 million, and $57.7 million, respectively.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the aggregate amount of goodwill and a description of intangible assets, which may include (a) for amortizable intangible assets (also referred to as finite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, the amount of any significant residual value, and the weighted-average amortization period, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization (also referred to as indefinite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, and (c) the amount of research and development assets acquired and written off in the period, including the line item in the income statement in which the amounts written off are aggregated, if not readily apparent from the income statement. Also discloses (a) for amortizable intangibles assets in total and by major class, the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization, the total amortization expense for the period, and the estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization the carrying amount in total and by major class, and (c) for goodwill, in total and for each reportable segment, the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the period (including the aggregate amount of goodwill acquired, the aggregate amount of impairment losses recognized, and the amount of goodwill included in the gain (loss) on disposal of a reporting unit). If any part of goodwill has not been allocated to a reportable segment, discloses the unallocated amount and the reasons for not allocating. For each impairment loss recognized related to an intangible asset (excluding goodwill), discloses: (a) a description of the impaired intangible asset and the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method for determining fair value, (c) the caption in the income statement or the statement of activities in which the impairment loss is aggregated, and (d) the segment in which the impaired intangible asset is reported. For each goodwill impairment loss recognized, discloses: (a) a description of the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method of determining the fair value of the associated reporting unit, and (c) if a recognized impairment loss is an estimate not finalized and the reasons why the estimate is not final. May also disclose the nature and amount of any significant adjustments made to a previous estimate of an impairment loss. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 350 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144416 + Details
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