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4. Intangible Assets, Goodwill and Other | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure | 4. GOODWILL AND OTHER PURCHASED INTANGIBLE ASSETS Changes to goodwill by segment were as follows (in millions):
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017
|  | Life Science |  | Clinical Diagnostics |  | Total |  |  | Life Science |  | Clinical Diagnostics |  | Total
Balances as of January 1: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill |  | $ | 234.7 |  |  | $ | 324.6 |  |  | $ | 559.3 |  |  |  | $ | 207.1 |  |  | $ | 311.7 |  |  | $ | 518.8 |
Accumulated impairment losses and write-offs |  | (35.9 | ) |  | (17.3 | ) |  | (53.2 | ) |  |  | (27.2 | ) |  | (14.5 | ) |  | (41.7 | )
Goodwill, net |  | 198.8 |  |  | 307.3 |  |  | 506.1 |  |  |  | 179.9 |  |  | 297.2 |  |  | 477.1 |
Acquisitions |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | 26.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 26.2 |
Divestiture |  | — |  |  | (1.4 | ) |  | (1.4 | ) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Impairment |  | (5.9 | ) |  | (276.1 | ) |  | (282.0 | ) |  |  | (8.7 | ) |  | (2.8 | ) |  | (11.5 | )
Currency fluctuations |  | (0.2 | ) |  | (2.7 | ) |  | (2.9 | ) |  |  | 1.4 |  |  | 12.9 |  |  | 14.3 |
Balances as of December 31: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill |  | 234.5 |  |  | 320.5 |  |  | 555.0 |  |  |  | 234.7 |  |  | 324.6 |  |  | 559.3 |
Accumulated impairment losses and write-offs |  | (41.8 | ) |  | (293.4 | ) |  | (335.2 | ) |  |  | (35.9 | ) |  | (17.3 | ) |  | (53.2 | )
Goodwill, net |  | $ | 192.7 |  |  | $ | 27.1 |  |  | $ | 219.8 |  |  |  | $ | 198.8 |  |  | $ | 307.3 |  |  | $ | 506.1 |
In March 2018, we wrote off $1.4 million of goodwill from our Clinical Diagnostics segment as a result of a divestiture of a product line. In conjunction with the purchase of all the issued and outstanding stock of RainDance Technologies, Inc. in February 2017 (see Note 2, "Acquisitions"), we recorded $26.2 million of goodwill and $37.6 million of definite-lived intangible assets: $36.4 million of licenses, $1.0 million of developed product technology and $0.2 million of tradenames. In 2018, we impaired goodwill associated with our 1999 acquisition of Pasteur Sanofi Diagnostics S.A., 2007 through 2012 acquisitions of DiaMed Holding AG, DiaMed Fennica Oy, DiaMed (G.B.) Limited, and DiaMed Benelux (collectively DiaMed), 2010 acquisition of Biotest AG, and 2013 acquisition of AbD Serotec in the amounts of $18.1 million, $247.2 million, $10.8 million and $5.9 million, respectively. Goodwill for DiaMed, Biotest AG and AbD Serotec was fully impaired at December 31, 2018. Impairments for the Pasteur Sanofi Diagnostics S.A., DiaMed and Biotest AG were included in our Clinical Diagnostics segment's results of operations, and the impairment for AbD Serotec was included in our Life Science segment's results of operations. In 2017, we impaired goodwill associated with our 1999 acquisition of Pasteur Sanofi Diagnostics S.A. and with our 2013 acquisition of AbD Serotec in the amounts of $2.8 million and $8.7 million, respectively. Impairment for the Pasteur Sanofi Diagnostics S.A. was included in our Clinical Diagnostics segment's results of operations, and the impairment for AbD Serotec was included in our Life Science segment's results of operations. The impairments were based upon a revision of our Level 3 valuation inputs, i.e., expected future cash flows. Other than goodwill, we have no intangible assets with indefinite lives. Information regarding our identifiable purchased intangible assets with definite lives is as follows (in millions):
| December 31, 2018
| Average Remaining Life (years) |  | Purchase Price |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
Customer relationships/lists | 1-6 |  | $ | 88.7 |  |  | $ | (68.3 | ) |  | $ | 20.4 |
Know how | 1-7 |  | 190.6 |  |  | (159.8 | ) |  | 30.8 |
Developed product technology | 1-10 |  | 130.4 |  |  | (86.6 | ) |  | 43.8 |
Licenses | 7-11 |  | 76.3 |  |  | (40.9 | ) |  | 35.4 |
Tradenames | 2-6 |  | 3.9 |  |  | (3.3 | ) |  | 0.6 |
Covenants not to compete | 7 |  | 3.2 |  |  | (1.1 | ) |  | 2.1 |
Total definite-lived intangible assets |  |  | $ | 493.1 |  |  | $ | (360.0 | ) |  | $ | 133.1 |
| December 31, 2017
| Average Remaining Life (years) |  | Purchase Price |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
Customer relationships/lists | 1-7 |  | $ | 92.3 |  |  | $ | (64.4 | ) |  | $ | 27.9 |
Know how | 1-8 |  | 194.9 |  |  | (157.9 | ) |  | 37.0 |
Developed product technology | 1-12 |  | 133.3 |  |  | (70.3 | ) |  | 63.0 |
Licenses | 1-12 |  | 76.7 |  |  | (36.0 | ) |  | 40.7 |
Tradenames | 1-6 |  | 3.9 |  |  | (3.0 | ) |  | 0.9 |
Covenants not to compete | 1-8 |  | 7.9 |  |  | (3.3 | ) |  | 4.6 |
Total definite-lived intangible assets |  |  | $ | 509.0 |  |  | $ | (334.9 | ) |  | $ | 174.1 |
In 2018, we impaired developed product technology and fully impaired covenants not to compete in the amounts of $8.8 million and $1.7 million, respectively, associated with our 2012 acquisition of a cell sorting system from Propel Labs, Inc. These impairments were included in our Life Science segment's results of operations. The impairments were based upon a revision of our Level 3 valuation inputs, i.e., expected future cash flows. Amortization expense related to purchased intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $28.3 million, $30.8 million and $35.2 million, respectively. Estimated future amortization expense (based on existing purchased intangible assets) for the years ending December 31, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 and thereafter is $21.7 million, $19.7 million, $18.9 million, $15.7 million, $14.8 million, and $42.3 million, respectively.

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