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14. Segment Reporting
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Information 14. SEGMENT INFORMATION
Bio-Rad is a multinational manufacturer and worldwide distributor of its own life science research products and clinical diagnostics products.  We have two reportable segments:  Life Science and Clinical Diagnostics.  These reportable segments are strategic business lines that offer more than 9,000 different products and services and require different marketing strategies. We do not disclose quantitative information about our different products and services as it is impractical to do so based primarily on the numerous products and services that we sell and the global markets that we serve.

The Life Science segment develops, manufactures, sells and services reagents, apparatus and instruments used for biological research. These products are sold to university and medical school laboratories, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, food testing laboratories and government and industrial research facilities.
The Clinical Diagnostics segment develops, manufactures, sells and services automated test systems, informatics systems, test kits and specialized quality controls for the healthcare market. These products are sold to reference laboratories, hospital laboratories, state newborn screening facilities, physicians’ office laboratories, transfusion laboratories and insurance and forensic testing laboratories.

Other Operations include our Analytical Instruments segment, and a small miscellaneous operation that was included in a prior acquisition.

Segment results are presented in the same manner as we present our operations internally to make operating decisions and assess performance. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in Significant Accounting Policies (see Note 1).  Segment profit or loss includes an allocation of corporate expense based upon sales and an allocation of interest expense based upon accounts receivable and inventories.  The difference between total segment allocated interest expense, depreciation and amortization, and capital expenditures and the corresponding consolidated amounts is attributable to our corporate headquarters.  Segments are expected to manage only assets completely under their control.  Accordingly, segment assets include primarily accounts receivable, inventories and gross machinery and equipment.  Goodwill balances have been included in corporate for segment reporting purposes.

Information regarding industry segments at December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 and for the years then ended is as follows (in millions):
Life
Science		Clinical
Diagnostics		Other
Operations
Segment net sales 2020$1,231.8 $1,305.2 $8.6 
 2019885.9 1,412.0 13.8 
2018861.7 1,411.8 15.9 
Allocated interest expense2020$8.0 $13.8 $0.1 
20197.4 15.9 0.1 
20187.2 16.7 0.1 
Depreciation and amortization2020$32.8 $65.1 $1.0 
201929.4 71.7 0.9 
201834.1 72.0 0.5 
Segment profit (loss)2020$256.3 $149.1 $(0.6)
 201972.1 148.5 (1.5)
201828.7 (145.7)0.2 
Segment assets2020$607.3 $1,065.6 $9.5 
2019496.1 1,075.8 9.2 
Capital expenditures2020$16.8 $43.6 $3.1 
201916.6 58.9 0.6 

Net corporate operating expense consists of receipts and expenditures that are not the primary responsibility of segment operating management and therefore are not allocated to the segments for performance assessment by our chief operating decision maker. The following reconciles total segment profit to consolidated income before taxes (in millions):
Year Ended December 31,
 202020192018
Total segment profit (loss)$404.8 $219.1 $(116.8)
Foreign currency exchange losses, net(1.8)(2.2)(2.9)
Net corporate operating and other expense not allocated to segments(15.7)(12.9)(10.4)
Change in fair market value of equity securities4,495.8 2,031.0 606.2 
Other income, net24.5 26.1 36.6 
Consolidated income before income taxes$4,907.6 $2,261.1 $512.7 

The following reconciles total segment assets to consolidated total assets (in millions):
 December 31,
 20202019
Total segment assets$1,682.4 $1,581.1 
Cash and other current assets1,098.2 1,233.5 
Property, plant and equipment, net, and operating lease right-of-use
  assets, excluding segment specific balances52.7 56.0 
Goodwill, net291.9 264.1 
Other long-term assets9,847.4 4,863.4 
Total assets$12,972.6 $8,008.9 


The following presents net sales to external customers by geographic region based primarily on the location of the use of the product or service (in millions):
 Year Ended December 31,
 202020192018
Europe$857.7 $770.3 $792.0 
Asia546.5 505.0 495.5 
United States1,004.8 899.1 863.6 
Other (primarily Canada and Latin America)136.6 137.3 138.3 
Total net sales$2,545.6 $2,311.7 $2,289.4 

The following presents Property, plant and equipment, net, Operating lease right-of-use assets and Other assets, excluding deferred income taxes, by geographic region based upon the location of the asset (in millions):
 December 31,
 20202019
Europe$208.6 $198.3 
Asia53.3 51.5 
United States454.4 468.7 
Other (primarily Canada and Latin America)12.0 12.7 
Total Property, plant and equipment, net, Operating lease right-of-use assets and Other assets, excluding deferred income taxes$728.3 $731.2