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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
Corporate information and statement of IFRS compliance [abstract] |
Summary of Material Accounting Policies | Summary of Material A ccounting P olicies The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently by the Company, for its subsidiaries, joint venture and associate in all periods presented in these consolidated financial statements. (a)Financial instruments The Company recognizes financial assets and financial liabilities on the date the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. A financial asset is derecognized either when the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset or when cash flows expire. A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired. Certain financial instruments are recorded at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets. Refer to note 21 on fair value measurements. (i)Non-derivative financial instruments Non-derivative financial instruments are recognized initially at fair value plus attributable transaction costs, where applicable for financial instruments not classified as fair value through profit or loss ("FVTPL"). Subsequent to initial recognition, non-derivative financial instruments are classified and measured as described below. Financial assets at FVTPL Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments, bond fund investments and warrants are classified as financial assets at FVTPL and are measured at fair value. Cash equivalents are short-term investments with initial maturities of three months or less. Short-term investments have initial maturities of more than three months and less than 12 months. The unrealized gains or losses related to changes in fair value are reported in interest income, derivatives and other investment gains (losses) in the consolidated statements of earnings (loss). Amortized cost Trade and other receivables and fixed rate investments are classified as and measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method, less impairment losses, if any. Financial assets at FVTOCI The Company’s investments in equity marketable securities are designated as financial assets at FVTOCI and are recorded at fair value on the trade date with directly attributable transaction costs included in the recorded amount. Subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in OCI. Non-derivative financial liabilities Accounts payable, accrued liabilities, senior notes, equipment loans, and borrowings under the credit facility are accounted for at amortized cost, using the effective interest rate method. The amortization of senior notes issue costs and equipment loans transaction costs are calculated using the effective interest rate method, and the amortization of credit facility issue costs is calculated on a straight-line basis over the term of the credit facility. (ii)Non-hedge derivatives The Company may hold derivative financial instruments to hedge its risk exposure to fluctuations of other currencies compared to the U.S. dollar, and fluctuations in commodity prices such as for gold, oil and fuel. All derivative financial instruments not designated in a hedge relationship that qualify for hedge accounting are classified as financial instruments at FVTPL. Derivative financial instruments at FVTPL, including embedded derivatives requiring separation from its host contract, are recorded in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. Changes in the estimated fair value of non-hedge derivatives at each reporting date are included in the consolidated statements of earnings (loss) as non-hedge derivative gain or loss. Embedded derivatives in financial liabilities measured at amortized cost are separated from the host contract and accounted for separately if the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract and the embedded derivative are not closely related. (iii)Hedge derivatives The Company uses derivative financial instruments to hedge its exposure to exchange rate fluctuations on foreign currency denominated revenues, operating expenses and purchases of non-financial assets and its exposure to price fluctuations of consumable purchases. The Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking hedge transactions. This process includes linking all derivative hedging instruments to forecasted transactions. Hedge effectiveness is assessed based on the degree to which the cash flows from the derivative contracts are expected to offset the cash flows of the underlying transaction being hedged. When a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedging instrument, the effective portion of changes in fair value is recognized in OCI, net of tax. For hedged items other than the purchase of non-financial assets, the amounts accumulated in OCI are reclassified to the consolidated statements of earnings (loss) when the underlying hedged transaction, identified at contract inception, affects profit or loss. When hedging a forecasted transaction that results in the recognition of a non-financial asset, the amounts accumulated in OCI are removed and added to the carrying amount of the non-financial asset. Any ineffective portion of a hedge relationship is recognized immediately in the consolidated statements of earnings (loss). The Company has elected to exclude the time value component of options and the forward element of forward contracts from the hedging relationships, with changes in these amounts recorded in OCI and treated as a cost of hedging. For hedged items other than the purchase of non-financial assets, the cost of hedging amounts is reclassified to the consolidated statements of earnings (loss) when the underlying hedged transaction affects profit or loss. When hedging a forecasted transaction that results in the recognition of a non-financial asset, the cost of hedging is added to the carrying amount of the non-financial asset. When derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges are terminated, expired, sold or no longer qualify for hedge accounting, hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively. Any amounts recorded in OCI until the time the contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting remain in OCI. Amounts recognized in OCI are recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings (loss) in the period in which the underlying hedged transaction is completed. Gains or losses arising subsequent to the derivative contracts not qualifying for hedge accounting are recognized in the period incurred in the consolidated statements of earnings (loss). If the forecasted transaction is no longer expected to occur, then the amounts accumulated in OCI are reclassified to the consolidated statements of earnings (loss) immediately. (b)Inventories Finished goods and ore stockpiles are measured at the lower of weighted average production cost and net realizable value. Finished goods includes both gold doré and gold in circuit. Mine supplies are measured at the lower of average purchase cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is calculated as the difference between the estimated selling price and estimated costs to complete processing into a saleable form plus variable selling expenses. Production costs include the cost of materials, labour, mine site production overheads and depreciation to the applicable stage of processing. Production overheads are allocated to inventory based on the normal capacity of production facilities. The cost of ore stockpiles is increased based on the related current cost of production for the period, and decreases in stockpiles are charged to cost of sales using the weighted average cost per tonne. Stockpiles are segregated between current and non-current inventories in the consolidated balance sheets based on the period of planned usage. The cost of inventory is reduced to net realizable value to reflect changes in grades, quantity or other economic factors and to reflect current intentions for the use of redundant or slow-moving items. Provisions for redundant and slow-moving supplies inventory are made by reference to specific items of inventory. The Company reverses write-downs when there is a subsequent increase in net realizable value and where the inventory is still on hand. Spare parts, stand-by and servicing equipment held are generally classified as inventories. Major capital spare parts and stand-by equipment (insurance spares) are classified as a component of property, plant and equipment. (c)Property, plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment charges. The initial cost of an asset comprises its purchase or construction cost, any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to a working condition for its intended use, the initial estimate of the asset retirement obligation ("ARO"), and for qualifying assets, borrowing costs. The purchase price or the construction cost is the aggregate cash paid and the fair value of any other consideration given to acquire the asset. Gains or losses on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment are determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment, and are recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings (loss) in other expenses. The cost of replacing part of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognized in the carrying amount of the item if it is probable that the future economic benefits embodied within the part will flow to the Company and its cost can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is de-recognized. Costs of the day-to-day servicing of property, plant and equipment are recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings (loss) as incurred. Property, plant and equipment presented in the consolidated balance sheets represents the capitalized expenditures related to: construction in progress, mining properties, stripping costs, and plant and equipment, including corporate assets. (i)Construction in progress Upon determination of technical feasibility and commercial viability of extracting a mineral resource, the related exploration and evaluation assets (note 3(e)) are transferred to construction in progress costs. These amounts plus all subsequent mine development costs are capitalized. Costs are not depreciated until the project is ready for use as intended by management. Mine construction costs include expenditures to develop new ore bodies, define further mineralization in existing ore bodies, and construct, install and complete infrastructure facilities. Borrowing costs are capitalized and allocated specifically to qualifying assets when funds have been borrowed, either to specifically finance a project or for general borrowings during the period of construction. Qualifying assets are defined as assets that require more than six months to be brought to the location and condition intended by management. Capitalization of borrowing costs ceases when such assets are ready for their intended use. The date of transition from construction to production accounting is based on both qualitative and quantitative criteria such as substantial physical project completion, sustained level of mining, sustained level of processing activity, and passage of a reasonable period of time. Upon completion of mine construction activities (based on the determination of the commencement of production), costs are reclassified from construction in progress assets into the appropriate categories of property, plant and equipment. Revenue from sales occurring from all production, including production from the commissioning stage, is recorded in the consolidated statements of earnings (loss). (ii)Mining properties Capitalized costs for evaluation on or adjacent to sites where the Company has mineral deposits, are classified as mining properties within property, plant and equipment. (iii)Stripping costs Costs associated with stripping activities in an open pit mine are expensed within cost of sales unless the stripping activity can be shown to improve access to further quantities of ore that will be mined in future periods, in which case, the stripping costs are capitalized to mining properties within property, plant and equipment. Furthermore, stripping costs are capitalized to inventory to the extent that the benefits of the stripping activity relate to gold production inventories or ore stockpiles. (iv)Plant and equipment Plant and equipment located at corporate locations includes the following categories of assets: furniture and equipment, computer equipment, software, scientific instruments and equipment, vehicles and leasehold improvements and at the mine site includes land and buildings, plant equipment, capital spares, and other equipment. (d)Depreciation Effective from the point an asset is available for its intended use, property, plant and equipment are depreciated using either the straight-line or units-of-production methods over the shorter of the estimated economic life of the asset or the mining operation. Depreciation is determined based on the method which best represents the use of the assets. The reserve and resource estimates for each mining operation are the prime determinants of the life of a mine. In general, when the useful life of property, plant and equipment is akin to the life of the mining operation and the ore body's mineralization is reasonably well defined, the asset is depreciated on a units-of-production basis over its proven and probable mineral reserves. Non-reserve material may be included in depreciation calculations in limited circumstances where there is a high degree of confidence in its economic extraction. The Company evaluates the estimate of mineral reserves and resources at least on an annual basis and adjusts the units-of-production method calculation prospectively. When property, plant and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis, the useful life of the mining operation is determined based on the most recent life of mine (“LOM”) plan. LOM plans are typically developed annually and are based on management’s current best estimates of optimized mine and processing plans, future operating costs and the assessment of capital expenditures of a mine site. Estimated useful lives normally vary from three to fifteen years for items of plant and equipment to a maximum of twenty years for buildings. Amounts related to expected economic conversions of resources to reserves recorded in an asset acquisition or business combination are not depreciated until resources are converted into reserves. Amounts related to capitalized costs of exploration and evaluation assets and construction in progress are not depreciated as the assets are not available for use. Capitalized stripping costs are depreciated over the reserves that directly benefit from the specific stripping activity using the units-of-production method. Capitalized borrowing costs are depreciated over the useful life of the related asset. Residual values, useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed at least annually and adjusted if appropriate. The impact of changes to the estimated useful lives, depreciation method or residual values is accounted for prospectively. (e)Mineral exploration and evaluation expenditures Exploration activities relate to the collection of exploration data which consists of geological, geophysical, geochemical, sampling, drilling, trenching, analytical test work, assaying, mineralogical, metallurgical, and other similar information that is derived from activities undertaken to locate, investigate, define or delineate a mineral prospect or mineral deposit. Mineral exploration costs are expensed as incurred. Evaluation costs are capitalized and relate to activities to evaluate the potential technical feasibility and commercial viability of extracting a mineral resource on sites where the Company does not have mineral deposits already being mined or constructed. The technical feasibility and commercial viability is based on management’s evaluation of the geological properties of an ore body based on information obtained through evaluation activities, including metallurgical testing, resource and reserve estimates and economic assessment whether the ore body can be mined economically. Exploration properties acquired through asset acquisitions are also recognized as exploration and evaluation assets. (f)Assets and liabilities held for sale and discontinued operations Non-current assets and disposal groups are classified as held for sale if their carrying value will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. The criteria for held for sale classification are regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable and the asset or disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition. Actions required to complete the sale should indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the sale will be made or that the decision to sell will be withdrawn. Management must be committed to the plan to sell the asset or disposal group and the sale expected to be completed within one year from the date of the classification. Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell ("FVLCS"). If the FVLCS is lower than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings (loss). Non-current assets are not depreciated or amortized once classified as held for sale. Equity accounting ceases for the investment in associate and incorporated joint venture once classified as held for sale. Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are presented separately as current items in the Company's consolidated balance sheets. A disposal group qualifies as a discontinued operation if it is a component of the Company that either has been disposed of, or is classified as held for sale, and: (i) represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations; (ii) is part of a single coordinated plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations; or (iii) is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale. A component of the Company comprises an operation and cash flows that can be clearly distinguished, operationally and for financial reporting purposes, from the rest of the Company. Further, a discontinued operation must be a component of the Company that was a cash generating unit ("CGU") while being held for use. Discontinued operations are excluded from the results of continuing operations and are presented as a single amount as profit or loss after tax from discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of earnings (loss). (g)Impairment and reversal of impairment (i)Financial assets The Company recognizes a loss allowance for expected credit losses on financial assets that are measured at amortized cost. At each reporting date, the Company measures the loss allowance for the financial asset at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses if the credit risk on the financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition. If at the reporting date, the credit risk on the financial asset has not increased significantly since initial recognition, the Company measures the loss allowance for the financial asset at an amount equal to twelve month expected credit losses. Impairment losses on financial assets carried at amortized cost are reversed in subsequent periods if the financial asset is no longer credit-impaired and the improvement can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognized. (ii)Non-financial assets The carrying amounts of the Company’s non-current assets, including property, plant and equipment and exploration and evaluation assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indicator exists, the Company performs an impairment test. An impairment test requires the Company to determine the recoverable amount of an asset or group of assets. For non-current assets, including property, plant and equipment and exploration and evaluation assets, the recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. If this is the case, the individual assets are grouped together into a CGU for impairment testing purposes. A CGU for impairment testing is typically considered to be an individual mine site or a development project. The recoverable amount is determined as the higher of the CGU’s fair value less costs of disposal ("FVLCD") and value in use (“VIU”). If the carrying amount of the asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, an impairment charge is recorded to the other long-lived assets in the CGU on a pro rata basis. An assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognized impairment losses may no longer exist or may be reduced. If it has been determined that the impairment has reversed, the carrying amount of the asset is increased to its recoverable amount to a maximum of the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment charge been recognized in prior periods. An impairment charge reversal is recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings (loss). Impairment charges recognized in relation to goodwill are not reversed for subsequent increases in a CGU’s recoverable amount. In the absence of market related comparative information, the FVLCD is generally determined based on the present value of estimated future cash flows from each long-lived asset or CGU. The significant assumptions used in determining the FVLCD for the CGUs are typically LOM production profiles, long-term commodity prices, reserves and resources, discount rates, foreign exchange rates, values of known reserves and resources not included in the LOM (i.e. un-modeled mineralization), operating and capital expenditures, net asset value (“NAV”) multiples and expected commencement of production for exploration and evaluation and development projects. Management’s assumptions and estimates of future cash flows are subject to risks and uncertainties, particularly in market conditions where higher volatility exists, and may be partially or totally outside of the Company's control. Therefore, it is reasonably possible that changes could occur with evolving economic conditions, which may affect the recoverability of the Company’s long-lived assets. If the Company fails to achieve its valuation assumptions or if any of its long-lived assets or CGUs experience a decline in their fair value, this may result in an impairment charge in future periods, which would reduce the Company's earnings. (h)Asset retirement obligations The Company records legal and constructive obligations required to restore locations in the period in which the obligation is incurred with a corresponding increase in the carrying amount of the related property, plant and equipment, and if the effect of discounting is material, measures it at its present value. For locations where mining activities have ceased, changes to obligations are charged directly to the consolidated statements of earnings (loss). The obligation is generally considered to have been incurred when mine assets are constructed or the ground environment is disturbed at the production location. The discounted liability is adjusted at the end of each period to reflect the passage of time, based on a risk-free discount rate that reflects current market assessments, and changes in the estimated future cash flows underlying the obligation. The Company also estimates the timing of the outlays, which are subject to change depending on continued operation or newly discovered reserves. The periodic unwinding of the discount is recognized in earnings as accretion expense included in finance costs in the consolidated statements of earnings (loss). Additional disturbances or changes in restoration costs or in discount rates are recognized as changes to the corresponding assets and ARO when they occur. Environmental costs at operating mines, as well as changes to estimated costs and discount rates for closed mines, are charged to earnings in the period during which they occur. (i)Other provisions Provisions are recognized when a legal or constructive present obligation exists as a result of a past event, for which it is probable that an outflow of economic resources will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and adjusted to reflect management's current best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. If it is no longer probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, the provision is reversed. Provisions are reduced by actual expenditures in respect of the obligation for which the provision was originally recognized. Certain conditions may exist as of the date of the consolidated financial statements, which may result in a loss to the Company, but which will only be resolved when one or more future events will occur or fail to occur. If the assessment of a contingency determines that a loss is probable, and the amount can be reliably estimated, then a provision is recorded. When a contingent loss is not probable but is reasonably possible, then the contingent liability is disclosed in the consolidated financial statements. (j)Income taxes (i)Current income tax Current income tax assets and liabilities for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Current income tax assets and current income tax liabilities are only offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off the amounts, and the Company intends to settle on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. Current income taxes related to items recognized directly in equity are recognized directly in equity. (ii)Deferred income tax Deferred income tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets and tax bases. Deferred income tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences, except: •Where the deferred income tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither accounting profit nor taxable profit (tax loss); and •In respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associate and joint venture, where the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled by the parent or the joint venture and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred income tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses, to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be used, except: •W hen the temporary difference results from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither accounting profit nor taxable profit (tax loss); and •In respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associate and joint venture, deferred income tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be used. The carrying amount of deferred income tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred income tax asset to be used. Unrecognized deferred income tax assets are reassessed at each balance sheet date and are recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profit will be available to allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered. A translation gain or loss may arise for deferred income tax purposes where the local tax currency is not the same as the functional currency for non-monetary assets. A deferred tax asset or liability is recognized on the difference between the carrying amount for accounting purposes (which reflects the historical cost in the entity’s functional currency) and the underlying tax basis (which reflects the current local tax cost, translated into the functional currency using the current foreign exchange rate). The translation gain or loss is recorded in income taxes in the consolidated statements of earnings (loss). Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the year when the asset is expected to be realized or the liability settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred income taxes related to items recognized directly in equity are recognized directly in equity. Deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current income tax assets against current income tax liabilities and the deferred income taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority. There is no certainty that future income tax rates will be consistent with current estimates. (k)Earnings (loss) per share The Company presents basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share data for its common shares. Basic earnings (loss) per share are calculated by dividing earnings (loss) attributable to equity holders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated using the treasury method for stock options and warrants, and the if converted method for equity settled share units. The treasury method assumes that outstanding stock options and warrants with an average exercise price below the market price of the underlying shares are assumed to be exercised and the assumed proceeds are used to purchase common shares of the Company from treasury at the average market price of the common shares for the period. The if converted method assumes that all equity settled share units have been converted in determining diluted earnings (loss) per share if they are in-the-money, except where such conversion would be anti-dilutive. (l)Share-based compensation The Company has the following share-based compensation plans with related costs included in general and administrative expenses. (i)Share incentive plan The Company has a number of equity-settled share-based compensation plans in respect to its directors and employees. Share-based compensation costs are measured based on the grant date fair value of the equity-settled instruments and recognized upon grant date over the related service period in the consolidated statements of earnings (loss) and credited to contributed surplus within shareholders’ equity. The Company uses the graded vesting method for attributing share option expense over the vesting period. The grant date fair value is based on the underlying market price of the common shares of the Company taking into account the terms and conditions upon which those equity-settled instruments were granted. The fair value of equity-settled instruments granted is estimated using the Black-Scholes model or other appropriate method and assumptions at grant date. Equity-settled awards are not re-measured subsequent to the initial grant date. Determination of the grant date fair value requires management estimates such as risk-free interest rate, volatility and weighted average expected life. Share option expense incorporates an expected forfeiture rate which is estimated based on historical forfeiture rates and expectations of future forfeiture rates. The Company makes adjustments if the actual forfeiture rate differs from the expected rate. The weighted average grant date fair value is the basis for which share-based compensation is recognized in earnings. Upon exercise of options and/or issuance of shares, consideration paid by the holder, as well as the grant date fair value of the equity-settled instruments, are transferred to common shares. (ii) Share purchase plan The Company has adopted a share purchase plan where the Company contributes towards the purchase of shares on the open market. The Company’s contribution vests on December 31 of each year and is charged to earnings in the year of contribution. (m)Revenue recognition Revenues include sales of gold and by-products. The Company recognizes revenue when it transfers control of a product to the customer. The principal activity from which the Company generates its revenue is the sale of gold to third parties. Delivery of the gold is considered to be the only performance obligation. Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in the contract with the customer. (n)Deferred revenue Deferred revenue is recognized in the consolidated balance sheets when a cash prepayment is received from a customer prior to the sale of gold. Revenue is subsequently recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings (loss) when control has been transferred to the customer. The Company recognizes the time value of money, where there is a significant financing component and the period between the payment by the customer and the transfer of the contracted goods exceeds one year. Interest expense on deferred revenue is recognized in finance costs in the consolidated statements of earnings (loss), unless capitalized to construction in progress in accordance with the Company’s policy on capitalized borrowing costs. The Company determines the current portion of deferred revenue based on quantities anticipated to be delivered over the next twelve months. (o)Leases At inception of a contract, the Company assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease by determining whether the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. A right-of-use ("ROU") asset and lease liability is recognized at the lease commencement date. The ROU asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred, less any lease incentives received. The ROU asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the end of the lease term, including periods covered by an option to extend the lease if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option. In addition, the ROU asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date. The lease payments are discounted using the implicit interest rate in the lease. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or rate are not included in the measurement of the lease liability. If the rate cannot be readily determined, the Company’s incremental rate of borrowing is used. Generally, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate. The lease liability is subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method whereby the balance is increased by interest expense and decreased by lease payments. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the Company’s estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or if the Company changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option. The Company presents ROU assets within property, plant and equipment. The Company has elected not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognizes the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. (p)Segmented information The Company’s operating segments are those operations whose operating results are reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker ("CODM") to make resource allocation decisions and assess their performance. The Company's CODM is its executive leadership team. Operating segments whose revenues, net earnings or losses or assets exceed 10% of the total consolidated revenues, net earnings or losses or assets, are reportable segments. In order to determine the reportable operating segments, various factors are considered, including geographical location and managerial structure. It was determined that the Company’s gold segment is divided into reportable geographic segments. The Company’s other reportable segments have been determined to be exploration and evaluation and development and corporate operating segments, which includes royalty interests and investments in associate and joint venture. (q)Significant accounting judgments, estimates and assumptions The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates and assumptions are continuously evaluated and are based on management’s experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Assumptions about the future and other major sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of the reporting period have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities, within the next financial year. The most significant judgments and sources of estimation uncertainty that the Company believes could have a significant impact on the amounts recognized in its consolidated financial statements are described below. (i)Mineral reserves and resources Key sources of estimation uncertainty Mineral reserves and resources have been estimated by qualified persons as defined in accordance with Canadian Securities Administrators’ National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects requirements. Mineral reserve and resource estimates include numerous uncertainties and depend heavily on geological interpretations and statistical inferences drawn from drilling and other data, and require estimates of the future price for the commodity and the future cost of operations. The mineral reserve and resource estimates are subject to uncertainty and actual results may vary from these estimates. Results from drilling, testing and production, as well as material changes in metal prices and operating costs subsequent to the date of an estimate, may justify revision of such estimate. A number of accounting estimates, as described in the relevant accounting policy notes, are impacted by the mineral reserve and resource estimates, which form the basis of the Company's LOM plans: •Capitalization and depreciation of stripping costs (note 3(c)(iii)); •Determination of the useful life of property, plant and equipment and measurement of the depreciation expense (note 3(d)); •Exploration and evaluation of mineral resources and determination of technical feasibility and commercial viability (note 3(e)). The application of the Company’s accounting policy for exploration and evaluation expenditures requires judgment in determining whether future economic benefits may be realized, which are based on assumptions about future events and circumstances; •Impairment and reversal of impairment analysis of non-financial assets including evaluation of estimated future cash flows of CGUs (note 3(g)(ii)); and •Estimates of timing of cash outlays for AROs (note 3(h)). (ii)Impairment and reversal of impairment assessment of non-financial assets Key sources of estimation uncertainty Management’s assumptions and estimates of future cash flows used in the Company’s impairment assessment of non-financial assets are subject to risk and uncertainties, particularly in market conditions where higher volatility exists, and may be partially or totally outside of the Company's control. If an indication of impairment or reversal of a previous impairment charge exists, or if an exploration and evaluation asset is determined to be technically feasible and commercially viable, an estimate of a CGU's recoverable amount is calculated. The recoverable amount is based on the higher of FVLCD and VIU using a discounted cash flow methodology taking into account assumptions that would be made by market participants, unless there is a market price available based on a recent purchase or sale of a mine. Cash flows are for periods up to the date that mining is expected to cease which depends on a number of variables including recoverable mineral reserves and resources, expansion plans and the forecasted selling prices for such production (note 28). In estimating the net realizable value of inventories, a significant estimate is made regarding the quantities of saleable metals included in stockpiles based on the quantities of ore, the grade of ore, the estimated recovery percentage, cost to complete and long-term commodity prices. There can be no assurance that actual quantities will not differ significantly from estimates used (note 11). Judgments Judgement is required in determining whether an indicator of impairment or impairment reversal exists at period end. Both internal and external sources of information are required to be considered when determining the presence of an impairment indicator or an indicator of reversal of a previous impairment. External sources of information the Company considers include changes in the market, economic and legal environment in which the Company operates that are not within its control and are expected to affect the recoverable amount of CGUs. Internal sources of information the Company considers include the manner in which mineral properties, plant and equipment are being used or are expected to be used and measures of economic performance of the assets. The primary external factors considered are changes in forecast metal prices, changes in laws and regulations and the Company’s market capitalization relative to its net asset carrying amount. The primary internal factors considered are the Company’s current mine performance against expectations, changes in mineral reserves and resources, and life of mine plans. Judgment is required to determine whether there are indications that the carrying amount of an exploration project is unlikely to be recovered in full from the successful development or the sale of the project. (iii)Derivative financial instruments Judgments Judgment is required to determine if an effective hedging relationship exists throughout the financial reporting period for derivative financial instruments classified as cash flow hedges. Management assesses the relationships on an ongoing basis to determine if hedge accounting is appropriate. Key sources of estimation uncertainty The Company monitors on a regular basis its hedge position for its risk exposure to fluctuations of the U.S. dollar compared to other currencies, and fluctuations in prices of commodities such as oil and gold. Forecasts are based on estimates of future transactions. For its derivative contracts, valuations are based on forward rates considering the market price, rate of interest and volatility, and take into account the credit risk of the financial instrument. Refer to note 20 for more detailed information and sensitivity analyses based on changes in currencies and commodity prices. (iv)Provisions and recognition of a liability for loss contingencies Judgments Judgments are required to determine if a present obligation exists at the end of the reporting period by considering all available evidence, including the opinion of experts. The most significant provisions that require judgment to determine if a present obligation exists are contingent losses related to claims and AROs. This includes an assessment of how to account for obligations based on the most recent closure plans and environmental regulations. Key sources of estimation uncertainty Provisions related to present obligations, including AROs, are management’s best estimate of the amount of probable future outflow, expected timing of payments, and discount rates if the effect of discounting is material. Refer to note 14(a). (v)Deferred revenue Judgments In assessing the accounting for the Company’s forward gold sale arrangement (note 19), the Company used judgment to determine that the upfront cash prepayment received was not a financial liability as the sale is expected to be settled through the delivery of gold, which is a non-financial item rather than through cash or other financial assets. It is the Company’s intention to settle these arrangements through its own production. If such settlement is not expected to occur, the forward gold sale arrangement would become a financial liability as a cash settlement may be required.

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