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Stock-based compensation (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2021
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Schedule of significant assumptions used in determining fair value of options granted
The following table shows the significant assumptions used in determining the fair value of options granted in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2021. The Company granted options covering 431,924 shares in the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Nine months ended September 30,2020Nine months ended September 30,2021
Dividend yield0.89 %0.84-1.08  %
Expected life (in months)8484
Risk-free rate of interest1.50 %1.12 -1.37  %
Volatility20.96 %26.05 -26.18  %
Schedule of stock option activity
A summary of stock option activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 is set out below:
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Shares
 arising
out of options
Weighted
 average
exercise price
Weighted average
remaining
contractual life (years)
Aggregate
intrinsic
value
Outstanding as of January 1, 20217,347,24126.41 5.7— 
Granted1,831,18043.98 — — 
Forfeited(25,000)31.50 — — 
Expired— — — — 
Exercised (1,020,125)20.50 — 26,085
Outstanding as of September 30, 20218,133,29631.10 6.3134,565
Vested as of September 30, 2021 and expected to vest thereafter (Note a)7,485,09630.24 6.3130,045
Vested and exercisable as of September 30, 20213,242,33323.94 3.776,436
Weighted average grant date fair value of grants during the period11.35
 
(a)Options expected to vest reflect an estimated forfeiture rate.
Schedule of restricted share units activity
The Company has granted restricted share units (“RSUs”) under the 2007 and 2017 Omnibus Plans. Each RSU represents the right to receive one common share. The fair value of each RSU is the market price of one common share of the Company on the date of the grant. The RSUs granted to date have graded vesting schedules of three months to four years. The compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting term. A summary of RSU activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 is set out below:
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Number of Restricted Share UnitsWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding as of January 1, 2021860,30836.44
Granted466,70244.00
Vested (Note a)(351,926)31.01
Forfeited(54,514)37.39
Outstanding as of September 30, 2021920,57042.29
Expected to vest (Note b)797,265
 
(a)351,926 RSUs that vested during the period were net settled upon vesting by issuing 230,284 shares (net of minimum statutory tax withholding).
(b)The number of RSUs expected to vest reflects the application of an estimated forfeiture rate.
Schedule of performance units activity
A summary of PU activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 is set out below:
 
Nine months ended September 30, 2021
Number of Performance UnitsWeighted Average Grant Date Fair ValueMaximum Shares Eligible to Receive
Outstanding as of January 1, 20214,876,196 34.564,876,196
Granted1,335,917 44.042,671,834
Vested (Note a)(1,784,140)30.66(1,784,140)
Forfeited(201,008)39.76(239,736)
Adjustment upon final determination of level of performance goal achievement (Note b)9,625 42.489,625
Outstanding as of September 30, 20214,236,590 38.975,533,779
Expected to vest (Note c)4,018,807 
 
 
(a)1,784,140 PSUs that vested during the period were net settled upon vesting by issuing 1,102,440 shares (net of minimum statutory tax withholding).
(b)Represents an adjustment made in March 2021 to the number of shares subject to the PUs granted in 2020 upon certification of the level of achievement of the performance targets underlying such awards.
(c)The number of PUs expected to vest reflects the application of an estimated forfeiture rate.