Derivative financial instruments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

The Company is exposed to the risk of rate fluctuations on its foreign currency assets and liabilities and on foreign currency denominated forecasted cash flows and interest rates. The Company has established risk management policies, including the use of derivative financial instruments to hedge foreign currency assets and liabilities, foreign currency denominated forecasted cash flows and interest rate risk. These derivative financial instruments are largely deliverable and non-deliverable forward foreign exchange contracts, treasury rate locks and interest rate swaps. The Company enters into these contracts with counterparties that are banks or other financial institutions, and the Company considers the risk of non-performance by such counterparties not to be material. The forward foreign exchange contracts and interest rate swaps mature during a period of up to 48 months and the forecasted transactions are expected to occur during the same periods.

The following table presents the aggregate notional principal amounts of outstanding derivative financial instruments together with the related balance sheet exposure:


	Notional principal amounts (note a)				Balance sheet exposure asset (liability) (note b)
	As of December 31, 2020		As of December 31, 2021		As of December 31, 2020		As of December 31, 2021
Foreign exchange forward contracts denominated in:
United States Dollars (sell) Indian Rupees (buy)	$	1,150,000	$	1,348,600	$	15,207	$	26,247
United States Dollars (sell) Mexican Peso (buy)	17,500		23,750		716		140
United States Dollars (sell) Philippines Peso (buy)	67,200		75,600		1,332		(2,215)
Euro (sell) United States Dollars (buy)	96,651		120,994		(5,659)		2,634
Singapore Dollars (buy) United States Dollars (sell)	10,153		3,655		66		65
Euro (sell) Romanian Leu (buy)	29,489		47,506		(22)		(233)
Japanese Yen (sell) Chinese Renminbi (buy)	19,230		10,440		473		202
United States Dollars (sell) Chinese Renminbi (buy)	—		45,000		—		120
Pound Sterling (sell) United States Dollars (buy)	—		49,031		—		545
United States Dollars (sell) Hungarian Font (buy)	30,000		39,000		904		(2,174)
Hungarian Font (Sell) Euro (buy)	10,444		2,828		61		(17)
Australian Dollars (sell) Indian Rupees (buy)	140,525		97,053		(7,670)		1,234
Interest rate swaps (floating to fixed)	488,022		460,135		(18,680)		(7,732)
					$	(13,272)	$	18,816

7. Derivative financial instruments (Continued)

(a)Notional amounts are key elements of derivative financial instrument agreements but do not represent the amount exchanged by counterparties and do not measure the Company’s exposure to credit, foreign exchange, interest rate or other market risks. However, the amounts exchanged are based on the notional amounts and other provisions of the underlying derivative financial instrument agreements. Notional amounts are denominated in U.S. dollars.

(b)Balance sheet exposure is denominated in U.S. dollars and denotes the mark-to-market impact of the derivative financial instruments on the reporting date.

FASB guidance on derivatives and hedging requires companies to recognize all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities at fair value in the balance sheet. In accordance with the FASB guidance on derivatives and hedging, the Company designates foreign exchange forward contracts, interest rate swaps and treasury rate locks as cash flow hedges. Foreign exchange forward contracts are entered into to cover the effects of future exchange rate variability on forecasted revenue and purchases of services, and interest rate swaps and treasury rate locks are entered into to cover interest rate fluctuation risk. In addition to this program, the Company uses derivative instruments that are not accounted for as hedges under the FASB guidance in order to hedge foreign exchange risks related to balance sheet items, such as receivables and intercompany borrowings, that are denominated in currencies other than the Company’s underlying functional currency.

The fair values of the Company’s derivative instruments and their location in the Company’s financial statements are summarized in the table below:


	Cash flow hedges				Non-designated
	As of December 31, 2020		As of December 31, 2021		As of December 31, 2020		As of December 31, 2021
Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	16,188	$	16,064	$	5,357	$	3,130
Other assets	$	6,164	$	14,876	$	—	$	—
Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	16,387	$	11,408	$	3,785	$	1,090
Other liabilities	$	16,886	$	2,756	$	3,923	$	—

Cash flow hedges

For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain (loss) on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction is recognized in the consolidated statements of income. Gains (losses) on the derivatives, representing either hedge ineffectiveness or hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness, are recognized in earnings as incurred.

The Company executed a treasury rate lock agreement for $350,000 in connection with future interest payments to be made on its senior notes issued by Genpact Luxembourg S.à r.l. (“Genpact Luxembourg”) and Genpact USA, Inc. (“Genpact USA”), both wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company, in March 2021 (the “2021 Senior Notes”), and the treasury rate lock was designated as a cash flow hedge. The treasury rate lock agreement was terminated on March 23, 2021 and a deferred gain was recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and is being amortized to interest expense over the life of the 2021 Senior Notes. The remaining gain to be amortized related to the treasury rate lock agreement as of December 31, 2021 was $692.

7. Derivative financial instruments (Continued)

In connection with cash flow hedges, the gains (losses) recorded as a component of other comprehensive income (loss), or OCI, and the related tax effects are summarized below:


	Year ended December 31,
	2019						2020						2021
	Before-Tax amount		Tax (Expense) or Benefit		Net of tax Amount		Before-Tax amount		Tax (Expense) or Benefit		Net of tax Amount		Before-Tax amount		Tax (Expense) or Benefit		Net of tax Amount
Opening balance	$	(2,411)	$	(5,524)	$	(7,935)	$	(4,126)	$	(1,466)	$	(5,592)	$	(10,921)	$	1,861	$	(9,060)
Net gains (losses) reclassified into statement of income on completion of hedged transactions	19,401		(7,212)		12,189		(6,171)		605		(5,566)		7,628		(1,836)		5,792
Changes in fair value of effective portion of outstanding derivatives, net	17,686		(3,154)		14,532		(12,966)		3,932		(9,034)		36,017		(7,101)		28,916
Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging derivatives, net	(1,715)		4,058		2,343		(6,795)		3,327		(3,468)		28,389		(5,265)		23,124
Closing balance	$	(4,126)	$	(1,466)	$	(5,592)	$	(10,921)	$	1,861	$	(9,060)	$	17,468	$	(3,404)	$	14,064

The gains or losses recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) and their effects on financial performance are summarized below:


Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships	Amount of Gain (Loss) recognized in OCI on Derivatives (Effective Portion)						Location of Gain (Loss) reclassified from OCI into Statement of Income (Effective Portion)	Amount of Gain (Loss) reclassified from OCI into Statement of Income (Effective Portion)
	Year ended December 31,							Year ended December 31,
	2019		2020		2021			2019		2020		2021
Forward foreign exchange contracts	$	24,581	$	6,933	$	32,270	Revenue	$	6,782	$	4,432	$	1,354
Interest rate swaps	(6,895)		(19,899)		2,931		Cost of revenue	6,435		(4,553)		11,155
Treasury rate lock	—		—		816		Selling, general and administrative expenses	1,732		(1,266)		3,012
							Interest expense	4,452		(4,784)		(7,893)
	$	17,686	$	(12,966)	$	36,017		$	19,401	$	(6,171)	$	7,628

There were no gains (losses) recognized in the statement of income on the ineffective portion of derivatives and excluded from effectiveness testing for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively.

Non-designated Hedges


Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	Location of Gain (Loss) recognized in Statement of Income on Derivatives	Amount of Gain (Loss) recognized in Statement of Income on Derivatives
		Year ended December 31,
		2019		2020		2021
Forward foreign exchange contracts (Note a)	Foreign exchange gains (losses), net	$	4,299	$	(8,055)	$	12,116
Forward foreign exchange contracts (Note b)	Foreign exchange gains (losses), net	—		3,963		—
		$	4,299	$	(4,092)	$	12,116

7. Derivative financial instruments (Continued)

a)These forward foreign exchange contracts were entered into to hedge fluctuations in foreign exchange rates for recognized balance sheet items, such as receivables and intercompany borrowings, and were not originally designated as hedges under FASB guidance on derivatives and hedging. Realized gains (losses) and changes in the fair value of these derivatives are recorded in foreign exchange gains (losses), net in the consolidated statements of income.

b)These forward foreign exchange contracts were initially designated as cash flow hedges under ASC guidance on derivatives and hedging. These contracts were terminated because certain forecasted transactions were no longer expected to occur and therefore hedge accounting was no longer applied. Subsequently, the realized gains (losses) are recorded in foreign exchange gains (losses) net in the consolidated statements of income.

In connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company has reevaluated its hedging arrangements. The Company has considered the effect of changes, if any, in both counterparty credit risk and the Company’s own non-performance risk while assessing hedge effectiveness and measuring hedge ineffectiveness. The Company believes that its hedges continue to be effective after taking into account the expected impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s hedged transactions.