Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses

The following table provides details of the Company’s allowance for credit losses on accounts receivable:


	Year ended December 31, 2024		Nine months ended September 30, 2025
Opening balance as of January 1	$	18,278	$	12,094
Additions (net), charged to income statement	7,582		17,234
Deductions/effect of exchange rate fluctuations	(13,766)		(4,087)
Closing balance	$	12,094	$	25,241

Accounts receivable were $1,210,700 and $1,306,179, and allowances for credit losses were $12,094 and $25,241, resulting in net accounts receivable balances of $1,198,606 and $1,280,938 as of December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2025, respectively.

In addition, deferred billings were $130,253 and $199,818 and allowances for credit losses on deferred billings were $7,320 and $8,294, resulting in net deferred billings balances of $122,933 and $191,524 as of December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2025, respectively.

During the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025, the Company recorded a charge of $928 and $433, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025, a charge of $5,344 and $974, respectively, to the income statement on account of credit losses on deferred billings. Deferred billings, net of related allowances for credit losses, are included under “Other assets” in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2025.

The Company has a revolving accounts receivable-based facility of $60,000 as of December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2025 permitting it to sell accounts receivable to banks on a non-recourse basis in the ordinary course of business. The aggregate maximum capacity utilized by the Company at any time during the year ended December 31, 2024 and the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $55,870 and $59,952, respectively. The principal amount outstanding against this facility as of December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2025 was $26,583 and $54,274, respectively. The cost of factoring such accounts receivable during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025 was $589 and $498, respectively, and $2,015 and $1,579, respectively. Gains or losses on the sales are recorded at the time of transfer of the accounts receivable and are included under "interest income (expense), net" in the Company’s consolidated statements of income.

4. Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses ( Continued)

The Company also has arrangements with financial institutions that manage the accounts payable program for certain of the Company's large clients. The Company sells certain accounts receivable pertaining to such clients to these financial institutions on a non-recourse basis. There is no cap on the value of accounts receivable that can be sold under these arrangements. The Company used these arrangements to sell accounts receivable amounting to $270,211 during the year ended December 31, 2024 and $229,003 during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, which also represents the maximum capacity utilized under these arrangements in each such period. The cost of factoring such accounts receivable during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025 was $1,395 and $1,557, respectively, and $4,436 and $4,137, respectively. These costs are included under "interest income (expense), net" in the Company’s consolidated statements of income.