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Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Receivables [Abstract] |
Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses | Note 5. Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses For financial reporting purposes, Pinnacle Financial classifies its loan portfolio based on the underlying collateral utilized to secure each loan. This classification is consistent with those utilized in the Quarterly Report of Condition and Income filed by Pinnacle Bank with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Pinnacle Financial uses five loan categories: commercial real estate mortgage, consumer real estate mortgage, construction and land development, commercial and industrial, and consumer and other. •Commercial real estate mortgage loans. Commercial real estate mortgage loans are categorized as such based on investor exposures where repayment is largely dependent upon the operation, refinance, or sale of the underlying real estate. Commercial real estate mortgage loans also includes owner-occupied commercial real estate which Pinnacle Financial believes shares a similar risk profile to Pinnacle Financial's commercial and industrial products. •Consumer real estate mortgage loans. Consumer real estate mortgage consists primarily of loans secured by 1-4 family residential properties, including home equity lines of credit. •Construction and land development loans. Construction and land development loans include loans where the repayment is dependent on the successful operation of the related real estate project. Construction and land development loans include 1-4 family construction projects and commercial construction endeavors such as warehouses, apartments, office and retail space and land acquisition and development. •Commercial and industrial loans. Commercial and industrial loans include loans to business enterprises issued for commercial, industrial and/or other professional purposes. •Consumer and other loans. Consumer and other loans include all loans issued to individuals not included in the consumer real estate mortgage classification. Examples of consumer and other loans are automobile loans, credit cards and loans to finance education, among others. Commercial loans receive risk ratings by the assigned financial advisor subject to validation by Pinnacle Financial's independent loan review department. Risk ratings are categorized as pass, special mention, substandard, substandard-nonaccrual or doubtful-nonaccrual. Pass-rated loans include five distinct ratings categories for loans that represent specific attributes. Pinnacle Financial believes that its categories follow those outlined by Pinnacle Bank's primary regulators. At December 31, 2019, approximately 80.3% of our loan portfolio was analyzed as a commercial loan type with a specifically assigned risk rating in the allowance for loan loss assessment. Consumer loans and small business loans are generally not assigned an individual risk rating but are evaluated as either accrual or nonaccrual based on the performance of the individual loans. However, certain consumer real estate-mortgage loans and certain consumer and other loans receive a specific risk rating due to the loan proceeds being used for commercial purposes even though the collateral may be of a consumer loan nature. Risk ratings are subject to continual review by a financial advisor and a senior credit officer. At least annually, our credit policy requires that every risk rated loan of $1.0 million or more be subject to a formal credit risk review process. Each loan's risk rating is also subject to review by our independent loan review department, which reviews a substantial portion of our risk-rated portfolio annually. Included in the coverage are independent loan reviews of loans in targeted higher-risk portfolio segments such as certain commercial and industrial loans, highly leveraged transactions, land loans and/or loan types in certain geographies. The following table presents our loan balances by primary loan classification and the amount within each risk rating category. Pass-rated loans include all credits other than those included in special mention, substandard, substandard-nonaccrual and doubtful-nonaccrual which are defined as follows: •Special mention loans have potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in Pinnacle Financial's credit position at some future date. •Substandard loans are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize collection of the debt. Substandard loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that Pinnacle Financial will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. •Substandard-nonaccrual loans are substandard loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status. •Doubtful-nonaccrual loans have all the characteristics of substandard-nonaccrual loans with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The following table outlines the amount of each loan classification categorized into each risk rating category as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):
December 31, 2019 | Commercial real estate - mortgage |  | Consumer real estate - mortgage |  | Construction and land development |  | Commercial and industrial |  | Consumer and other |  | Total
Pass | $ | 7,499,725 |  |  | $ | 3,019,203 |  |  | $ | 2,422,347 |  |  | $ | 6,069,757 |  |  | $ | 288,361 |  |  | $ | 19,299,393 |
Special Mention | 51,147 |  |  | 13,787 |  |  | 2,816 |  |  | 79,819 |  |  | 698 |  |  | 148,267 |
Substandard | 139,518 |  |  | 10,969 |  |  | 3,042 |  |  | 125,035 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 278,611 |
Substandard-nonaccrual | 18,828 |  |  | 24,666 |  |  | 2,278 |  |  | 15,685 |  |  | 148 |  |  | 61,605 |
Doubtful-nonaccrual | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total loans | $ | 7,709,218 |  |  | $ | 3,068,625 |  |  | $ | 2,430,483 |  |  | $ | 6,290,296 |  |  | $ | 289,254 |  |  | $ | 19,787,876 |
December 31, 2018 | Commercial real estate - mortgage |  | Consumer real estate - mortgage |  | Construction and land development |  | Commercial and industrial |  | Consumer and other |  | Total
Pass | $ | 6,998,485 |  |  | $ | 2,787,570 |  |  | $ | 2,059,376 |  |  | $ | 5,148,726 |  |  | $ | 352,516 |  |  | $ | 17,346,673 |
Special Mention | 55,932 |  |  | 7,902 |  |  | 4,334 |  |  | 24,284 |  |  | 711 |  |  | 93,163 |
Substandard | 78,202 |  |  | 20,906 |  |  | 5,358 |  |  | 75,351 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 179,879 |
Substandard-nonaccrual | 32,335 |  |  | 28,069 |  |  | 3,387 |  |  | 23,060 |  |  | 983 |  |  | 87,834 |
Doubtful-nonaccrual | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total loans | $ | 7,164,954 |  |  | $ | 2,844,447 |  |  | $ | 2,072,455 |  |  | $ | 5,271,421 |  |  | $ | 354,272 |  |  | $ | 17,707,549 |
At December 31, 2019 and 2018, all loans classified as nonaccrual were deemed to be impaired. The principal balances of impaired loans amounted to $58.1 million and $83.1 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and are included in the tables above. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, the average balance of impaired loans was $76.9 million as compared to $75.3 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018. Pinnacle Financial's policy is that the discontinuation of the accrual of interest income will occur when (1) there is a significant deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower and full repayment of principal and interest is not expected or (2) the principal or interest is more than 90 days past due, unless the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection. As such, at the date the above mentioned loans were placed on nonaccrual status, Pinnacle Financial reversed all previously accrued interest income against current year earnings. Had these nonaccruing loans been on accruing status, interest income would have been higher by $3.0 million, $4.2 million and $2.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The following table provides a rollforward of purchased credit impaired loans from December 31, 2017 through December 31, 2019 (in thousands):
| Gross Carrying Value |  | Accretable Yield |  | Nonaccretable Yield |  | Carrying Value
December 31, 2017 | $ | 74,324 |  |  | $ | (132) |  |  | $ | (31,537) |  |  | $ | 42,655 |
Acquisitions | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Settlements, net | (31,487) |  |  | 18 |  |  | 14,143 |  |  | (17,326) |
December 31, 2018 | 42,837 |  |  | (114) |  |  | (17,394) |  |  | 25,329 |
Acquisitions | 1,883 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,883 |
Reclassification of yield from nonaccretable to accretable | — |  |  | (7,505) |  |  | 7,505 |  |  | — |
Settlements, net | (15,176) |  |  | 2,818 |  |  | 6,061 |  |  | (6,297) |
December 31, 2019 | $ | 29,544 |  |  | $ | (4,801) |  |  | $ | (3,828) |  |  | $ | 20,915 |
Certain of these loans have been deemed to be collateral dependent and, as such, no accretable yield has been recorded for these loans. Amounts are reclassified between accretable and nonaccretable yield as cash flow analyses performed on the individual loans indicate an increase or decrease in the amount of cash flows expected to be collected. The carrying value is adjusted for additional draws, pursuant to contractual arrangements, offset by loan paydowns. Year-to-date settlements include both loans that were charged-off as well as loans that were paid off, typically as a result of refinancings at other institutions. Purchased credit impaired loans acquired during the three years ended December 31, 2019 for which it was probable at acquisition that all contractually required payments would not be collected are as follows (in thousands):
| December 31, |  |
| 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Contractually required payments receivable | $ | 4,420 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 94,312 |
Cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition | 1,883 |  | — |  | 48,498 |
Fair value of acquired loans at acquisition | 1,883 |  | — |  | 48,302 |
Impaired loans, as disclosed in the table below, include troubled debt restructurings, nonaccrual loans, and loans deemed to be impaired but that continue to accrue interest. The following tables detail the recorded investment, unpaid principal balance and related allowance of Pinnacle Financial's impaired loans at December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 by loan classification (in thousands):
| December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  | For the year ended December 31, 2019 |  |
| Recorded investment |  | Unpaid principal balance |  | Related allowance |  | Average recorded investment |  | Cash basis interest income recognized
Impaired loans with an allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate – mortgage | $ | 9,998 |  |  | $ | 10,983 |  |  | $ | 1,235 |  |  | $ | 13,750 |  |  | $ | — |
Consumer real estate – mortgage | 20,996 |  |  | 23,105 |  |  | 1,293 |  |  | 20,909 |  |  | — |
Construction and land development | 542 |  |  | 654 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 578 |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial | 4,074 |  |  | 5,381 |  |  | 711 |  |  | 8,871 |  |  | — |
Consumer and other | 148 |  |  | 182 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 350 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 35,758 |  |  | $ | 40,305 |  |  | $ | 3,281 |  |  | $ | 44,458 |  |  | $ | — |
Impaired loans without an allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate – mortgage | $ | 8,124 |  |  | $ | 8,891 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11,642 |  |  | $ | 176 |
Consumer real estate – mortgage | 4,022 |  |  | 4,021 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,509 |  |  | — |
Construction and land development | 19 |  |  | 17 |  |  | — |  |  | 365 |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial | 10,221 |  |  | 11,322 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,945 |  |  | — |
Consumer and other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 22,386 |  |  | $ | 24,251 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 32,461 |  |  | $ | 176 |
Total impaired loans | $ | 58,144 |  |  | $ | 64,556 |  |  | $ | 3,281 |  |  | $ | 76,919 |  |  | $ | 176 |
| December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  | For the year ended December 31, 2018 |  |
| Recorded investment |  | Unpaid principal balance |  | Related allowance |  | Average recorded investment |  | Cash basis interest income recognized
Impaired loans with an allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate – mortgage | $ | 14,114 |  |  | $ | 14,124 |  |  | $ | 724 |  |  | $ | 10,260 |  |  | $ | — |
Consumer real estate – mortgage | 19,864 |  |  | 19,991 |  |  | 1,443 |  |  | 13,154 |  |  | — |
Construction and land development | 581 |  |  | 579 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 1,157 |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial | 9,252 |  |  | 9,215 |  |  | 1,441 |  |  | 9,326 |  |  | — |
Consumer and other | 983 |  |  | 1,005 |  |  | 328 |  |  | 718 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 44,794 |  |  | $ | 44,914 |  |  | $ | 3,964 |  |  | $ | 34,615 |  |  | $ | — |
Impaired loans without an allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate – mortgage | $ | 14,724 |  |  | $ | 14,739 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,906 |  |  | $ | 469 |
Consumer real estate – mortgage | 7,247 |  |  | 7,271 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,477 |  |  | — |
Construction and land development | 1,786 |  |  | 1,786 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,463 |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial | 14,595 |  |  | 14,627 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,796 |  |  | — |
Consumer and other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 38,352 |  |  | $ | 38,423 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 40,642 |  |  | $ | 469 |
Total impaired loans | $ | 83,146 |  |  | $ | 83,337 |  |  | $ | 3,964 |  |  | $ | 75,257 |  |  | $ | 469 |
| December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  | For the year ended December 31, 2017 |  |
| Recorded investment |  | Unpaid principal balance |  | Related allowance |  | Average recorded investment |  | Cash basis interest income recognized
Impaired loans with an allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate – mortgage | $ | 1,850 |  |  | $ | 1,863 |  |  | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | 650 |  |  | $ | — |
Consumer real estate – mortgage | 8,028 |  |  | 8,079 |  |  | 410 |  |  | 4,990 |  |  | — |
Construction and land development | 2,522 |  |  | 2,528 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 567 |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial | 12,521 |  |  | 12,644 |  |  | 1,627 |  |  | 10,559 |  |  | — |
Consumer and other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 425 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 24,921 |  |  | $ | 25,114 |  |  | $ | 2,198 |  |  | $ | 17,191 |  |  | $ | — |
Impaired loans without an allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate – mortgage | $ | 16,364 |  |  | $ | 16,514 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,983 |  |  | $ | — |
Consumer real estate – mortgage | 4,144 |  |  | 4,174 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,727 |  |  | — |
Construction and land development | 2,645 |  |  | 2,650 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,890 |  |  | 95 |
Commercial and industrial | 10,905 |  |  | 10,902 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,039 |  |  | — |
Consumer and other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 34,058 |  |  | $ | 34,240 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 23,639 |  |  | $ | 95 |
Total impaired loans | $ | 58,979 |  |  | $ | 59,354 |  |  | $ | 2,198 |  |  | $ | 40,830 |  |  | $ | 95 |
Pinnacle Financial's policy is that once a loan is placed on nonaccrual status each subsequent payment is reviewed on a case-by-case basis to determine if the payment should be applied to interest or principal pursuant to regulatory guidelines. Pinnacle Financial recognized $176,000 in interest income from cash payments received on nonaccrual loans during the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to $469,000 and $95,000 during the years ended December 31, 2018, and 2017, respectively. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, there were $4.9 million and $5.9 million, respectively, of troubled debt restructurings that were performing as of their restructure date and which are accruing interest. These troubled debt restructurings are considered impaired loans pursuant to U.S. GAAP. Troubled commercial loans are restructured by specialists within Pinnacle Bank's Special Assets Group, and all restructurings are approved by committees and credit officers separate and apart from the normal loan approval process. These specialists are charged with reducing Pinnacle Financial's overall risk and exposure to loss in the event of a restructuring by obtaining some or all of the following: improved documentation, additional guaranties, increase in curtailments, reduction in collateral release terms, additional collateral or other similar strategies. The following table outlines the amount of each troubled debt restructuring by loan classification made during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):
| Number of contracts |  | Pre Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Post Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment, net of related allowance
December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate – mortgage | 1 |  |  | $ | 306 |  |  | $ | 287 |
Consumer real estate – mortgage | 1 |  |  | 683 |  |  | 683 |
Construction and land development | 1 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 19 |
Commercial and industrial | 1 |  |  | 1,318 |  |  | 777 |
Consumer and other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| 4 |  |  | $ | 2,326 |  |  | $ | 1,766 |
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate – mortgage | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Consumer real estate – mortgage | 3 |  |  | 1,967 |  |  | 1,967 |
Construction and land development | 1 |  |  | 347 |  |  | 347 |
Commercial and industrial | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer and other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| 4 |  |  | $ | 2,314 |  |  | $ | 2,314 |
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate – mortgage | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Consumer real estate – mortgage | 1 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 5 |
Construction and land development | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial | 2 |  |  | 3,776 |  |  | 3,751 |
Consumer and other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| 3 |  |  | $ | 3,782 |  |  | $ | 3,756 |
During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, Pinnacle Financial had no troubled debt restructurings that subsequently defaulted within twelve months of the restructuring. A default is defined as an occurrence which violates the terms of the receivable's contract. At December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the allowance for loan losses included no amounts specifically related to accruing troubled debt restructurings. These accruing troubled debt restructurings are classified as impaired loans pursuant to U.S. GAAP; however, these loans continue to accrue interest at contractual rates. In addition to the loan metrics above, Pinnacle Financial analyzes its commercial loan portfolio to determine if a concentration of credit risk exists to any industries. Pinnacle Financial utilizes broadly accepted industry classification systems in order to classify borrowers into various industry classifications. Pinnacle Financial has a credit exposure (loans outstanding plus unfunded lines of credit) exceeding 25% of Pinnacle Bank's total risk-based capital to borrowers in the following industries at December 31, 2019 with the comparative exposures for December 31, 2018 (in thousands):
| At December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Outstanding Principal Balances |  | Unfunded Commitments |  | Total exposure |  | Total Exposure at December 31, 2018
Lessors of nonresidential buildings | $ | 3,681,897 |  |  | $ | 896,219 |  |  | $ | 4,578,116 |  |  | $ | 3,932,059 |
Lessors of residential buildings | 951,295 |  |  | 648,542 |  |  | 1,599,837 |  |  | 1,484,697 |
New housing for-sale builders | 530,345 |  |  | 560,258 |  |  | 1,090,603 |  |  | 1,100,989 |
Hotels and motels | 805,957 |  |  | 161,814 |  |  | 967,771 |  |  | 920,001 |
Total | $ | 5,969,494 |  |  | $ | 2,266,833 |  |  | $ | 8,236,327 |  |  | $ | 7,437,746 |
Additionally, Pinnacle Financial monitors two ratios regarding construction and commercial real estate lending as a part of its concentration management process. Both ratios are calculated by dividing certain types of loan balances for each of the two categories by Pinnacle Bank's total risk-based capital. At December 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018, Pinnacle Bank's construction and land development loans as a percentage of total risk-based capital were 83.6% and 85.2%, respectively. Non owner-occupied commercial real estate and multifamily loans (including construction and land development loans) as a percentage of total risk-based capital were 268.3% and 277.7% as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Banking regulations have established guidelines for the construction ratio of less than 100% of total risk-based capital and for the non owner-occupied commercial real estate and multifamily ratio of less than 300% of total risk-based capital. When a bank's ratios are in excess of one or both of these guidelines, banking regulations generally require an increased level of monitoring in these lending areas by bank management. Pinnacle Bank was within the 100% and 300% guidelines as of December 31, 2019 and has established what it believes to be appropriate controls to monitor its lending in these areas as it aims to keep the level of these loans below the 100% and 300% guidelines though there may be periods where Pinnacle Bank exceeds these levels if loan growth is more heavily weighted to these types of loans. The table below presents past due balances at December 31, 2019 and 2018, by loan classification and segment allocated between performing and nonperforming status (in thousands):
| Accruing |  |  |  |  |  | Nonaccruing |  |  |
December 31, 2019 | 30-89 days past due and accruing | 90 days or more past due and accruing | Total past due and accruing | Current and accruing | Purchase credit impaired |  | Nonaccrual (1) | Nonaccruing purchase credit impaired |  | Total loans
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied | $ | 4,361 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 4,361 |  | $ | 2,650,385 |  | $ | 3,366 |  |  | $ | 10,791 |  | $ | 863 |  |  | $ | 2,669,766 |
All other | 6,797 |  | — |  | 6,797 |  | 5,020,227 |  | 5,254 |  |  | 7,169 |  | 5 |  |  | 5,039,452 |
Consumer real estate – mortgage | 8,162 |  | 168 |  | 8,330 |  | 3,032,615 |  | 3,014 |  |  | 20,995 |  | 3,671 |  |  | 3,068,625 |
Construction and land development | 2,087 |  | — |  | 2,087 |  | 2,424,832 |  | 1,286 |  |  | 542 |  | 1,736 |  |  | 2,430,483 |
Commercial and industrial | 10,312 |  | 946 |  | 11,258 |  | 6,263,024 |  | 329 |  |  | 14,294 |  | 1,391 |  |  | 6,290,296 |
Consumer and other | 2,168 |  | 501 |  | 2,669 |  | 286,437 |  | — |  |  | 148 |  | — |  |  | 289,254 |
Total | $ | 33,887 |  | $ | 1,615 |  | $ | 35,502 |  | $ | 19,677,520 |  | $ | 13,249 |  |  | $ | 53,939 |  | $ | 7,666 |  |  | $ | 19,787,876 |
| Accruing |  |  |  |  |  | Nonaccruing |  |  |
December 31, 2018 | 30-89 days past due and accruing | 90 days or more past due and accruing | Total past due and accruing | Current and accruing | Purchase credit impaired |  | Nonaccrual (1) | Nonaccruing purchase credit impaired |  | Total loans
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied | $ | 10,170 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 10,170 |  | $ | 2,623,700 |  | $ | 2,664 |  |  | $ | 16,025 |  | $ | 874 |  |  | $ | 2,653,433 |
All other | 1,586 |  | — |  | 1,586 |  | 4,488,840 |  | 5,659 |  |  | 12,634 |  | 2,802 |  |  | 4,511,521 |
Consumer real estate – mortgage | 18,059 |  | — |  | 18,059 |  | 2,794,630 |  | 3,689 |  |  | 22,564 |  | 5,505 |  |  | 2,844,447 |
Construction and land development | 3,759 |  | — |  | 3,759 |  | 2,063,201 |  | 2,108 |  |  | 2,020 |  | 1,367 |  |  | 2,072,455 |
Commercial and industrial | 21,451 |  | 1,082 |  | 22,533 |  | 5,225,205 |  | 623 |  |  | 23,022 |  | 38 |  |  | 5,271,421 |
Consumer and other | 3,276 |  | 476 |  | 3,752 |  | 349,537 |  | — |  |  | 983 |  | — |  |  | 354,272 |
Total | $ | 58,301 |  | $ | 1,558 |  | $ | 59,859 |  | $ | 17,545,113 |  | $ | 14,743 |  |  | $ | 77,248 |  | $ | 10,586 |  |  | $ | 17,707,549 |
(1)Approximately $35.8 million and $52.5 million of nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, were performing pursuant to their contractual terms at those dates. The following table details the changes in the allowance for loan losses from December 31, 2016 to December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018 to December 31, 2019 by loan classification and the allocation of allowance for loan losses (in thousands):
| Commercial real estate - mortgage | Consumer real estate - mortgage | Construction and land development | Commercial and industrial | Consumer and other | Unallocated | Total
Allowance for Loan Losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | 13,655 |  | $ | 6,564 |  | $ | 3,624 |  | $ | 24,743 |  | $ | 9,520 |  | $ | 874 |  | $ | 58,980 |
Charged-off loans | (633) |  | (1,461) |  | (137) |  | (4,297) |  | (15,518) |  | — |  | (22,046) |
Recovery of previously charged-off loans | 671 |  | 1,516 |  | 1,136 |  | 1,317 |  | 2,002 |  | — |  | 6,642 |
Provision for loan losses | 7,495 |  | (1,588) |  | 4,339 |  | 3,100 |  | 9,870 |  | 448 |  | 23,664 |
Balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | 21,188 |  | $ | 5,031 |  | $ | 8,962 |  | $ | 24,863 |  | $ | 5,874 |  | $ | 1,322 |  | $ | 67,240 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 20,753 |  | $ | 4,460 |  | $ | 8,879 |  | $ | 23,181 |  | $ | 5,874 |  |  | $ | 63,147 |
Individually evaluated for impairment | 95 |  | 410 |  | 66 |  | 1,627 |  | — |  |  | 2,198 |
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 340 |  | 161 |  | 17 |  | 55 |  | — |  |  | 573 |
Balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | 21,188 |  | $ | 5,031 |  | $ | 8,962 |  | $ | 24,863 |  | $ | 5,874 |  | $ | 1,322 |  | $ | 67,240 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 6,630,593 |  | $ | 2,534,996 |  | $ | 1,896,553 |  | $ | 4,116,677 |  | $ | 352,663 |  |  | $ | 15,531,482 |
Individually evaluated for impairment | 18,214 |  | 12,172 |  | 5,167 |  | 23,426 |  | — |  |  | 58,979 |
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 20,803 |  | 14,046 |  | 6,568 |  | 1,238 |  | — |  |  | 42,655 |
Balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | 6,669,610 |  | $ | 2,561,214 |  | $ | 1,908,288 |  | $ | 4,141,341 |  | $ | 352,663 |  |  | $ | 15,633,116 |
| Commercial real estate - mortgage | Consumer real estate - mortgage | Construction and land development | Commercial and industrial | Consumer and other | Unallocated | Total
Allowance for Loan Losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | 21,188 |  | $ | 5,031 |  | $ | 8,962 |  | $ | 24,863 |  | $ | 5,874 |  | $ | 1,322 |  | $ | 67,240 |
Charged-off loans | (3,030) |  | (1,593) |  | (74) |  | (13,175) |  | (12,528) |  |  |  | (30,400) |
Recovery of previously charged-off loans | 2,096 |  | 2,653 |  | 1,863 |  | 3,035 |  | 2,711 |  |  |  | 12,358 |
Provision for loan losses | 6,692 |  | 1,579 |  | 377 |  | 17,008 |  | 9,366 |  | (645) |  | 34,377 |
Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | 26,946 |  | $ | 7,670 |  | $ | 11,128 |  | $ | 31,731 |  | $ | 5,423 |  | $ | 677 |  | $ | 83,575 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 26,222 |  | $ | 6,227 |  | $ | 11,100 |  | $ | 30,290 |  | $ | 5,095 |  |  | $ | 78,934 |
Individually evaluated for impairment | 724 |  | 1,443 |  | 28 |  | 1,441 |  | 328 |  |  | 3,964 |
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | 26,946 |  | $ | 7,670 |  | $ | 11,128 |  | $ | 31,731 |  | $ | 5,423 |  | $ | 677 |  | $ | 83,575 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 7,124,117 |  | $ | 2,808,142 |  | $ | 2,066,613 |  | $ | 5,246,913 |  | $ | 353,289 |  |  | $ | 17,599,074 |
Individually evaluated for impairment | 28,838 |  | 27,111 |  | 2,367 |  | 23,847 |  | 983 |  |  | 83,146 |
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 11,999 |  | 9,194 |  | 3,475 |  | 661 |  | — |  |  | 25,329 |
Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | 7,164,954 |  | $ | 2,844,447 |  | $ | 2,072,455 |  | $ | 5,271,421 |  | $ | 354,272 |  |  | $ | 17,707,549 |
| Commercial real estate - mortgage | Consumer real estate - mortgage | Construction and land development | Commercial and industrial | Consumer and other | Unallocated | Total
Allowance for Loan Losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | 26,946 |  | $ | 7,670 |  | $ | 11,128 |  | $ | 31,731 |  | $ | 5,423 |  | $ | 677 |  | $ | 83,575 |
Charged-off loans | (1,700) |  | (1,335) |  | (18) |  | (19,208) |  | (6,206) |  | — |  | (28,467) |
Recovery of previously charged-off loans | 2,232 |  | 1,827 |  | 682 |  | 6,473 |  | 1,172 |  | — |  | 12,386 |
Provision for loan losses | 5,891 |  | (108) |  | 870 |  | 17,116 |  | 3,206 |  | 308 |  | 27,283 |
Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | 33,369 |  | $ | 8,054 |  | $ | 12,662 |  | $ | 36,112 |  | $ | 3,595 |  | $ | 985 |  | $ | 94,777 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 32,134 |  | $ | 6,762 |  | $ | 12,629 |  | $ | 35,401 |  | $ | 3,586 |  |  | $ | 90,512 |
Individually evaluated for impairment | 1,235 |  | 1,292 |  | 33 |  | 711 |  | 9 |  |  | 3,280 |
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | 33,369 |  | $ | 8,054 |  | $ | 12,662 |  | $ | 36,112 |  | $ | 3,595 |  | $ | 985 |  | $ | 94,777 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 7,681,608 |  | $ | 3,036,922 |  | $ | 2,426,901 |  | $ | 6,274,280 |  | $ | 289,106 |  |  | $ | 19,708,817 |
Individually evaluated for impairment | 18,122 |  | 25,018 |  | 561 |  | 14,295 |  | 148 |  |  | 58,144 |
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 9,488 |  | 6,685 |  | 3,021 |  | 1,721 |  | — |  |  | 20,915 |
Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | 7,709,218 |  | $ | 3,068,625 |  | $ | 2,430,483 |  | $ | 6,290,296 |  | $ | 289,254 |  |  | $ | 19,787,876 |
The adequacy of the allowance for loan losses is assessed at the end of each calendar quarter. The level of the allowance is based upon evaluation of the loan portfolio, current asset quality trends, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrowers' ability to repay (including the timing of future payment), the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, economic conditions, historical loss experience, industry and peer bank loan quality indications and other pertinent factors, including regulatory recommendations. The allowance for loan losses for purchased loans under the incurred loss model is calculated similarly to the method utilized for legacy Pinnacle Bank loans. Pinnacle Financial's accounting policy is to compare the computed allowance for loan losses for purchased loans on a loan-by-loan basis to any remaining fair value adjustment. If the computed allowance is greater than the remaining fair value adjustment, the excess is added to the allowance for loan losses by a charge to the provision for loan losses. Beginning January 1, 2020, Pinnacle Financial adopted the Current Expected Credit Loss framework which will result in an allowance being recorded on non-purchase credit deteriorated loans. At December 31, 2019, Pinnacle Financial had granted loans and other extensions of credit amounting to approximately $10.6 million to current directors, executive officers, and their related interests, of which $6.8 million had been drawn upon. At December 31, 2018, Pinnacle Financial had granted loans and other extensions of credit amounting to approximately $37.9 million to directors, executive officers, and their related interests, of which approximately $18.3 million had been drawn upon. These loans and extensions of credit were made in the ordinary course of business. None of these loans to directors, executive officers, and their related entities were impaired at December 31, 2019 or 2018. At December 31, 2019, Pinnacle Financial had approximately $17.6 million in commercial loans held for sale compared to $16.0 million at December 31, 2018, which primarily included commercial real estate and apartment loans originated for sale to a third-party as part of a multi-family loan program. Such loans are closed under a pass-through commitment structure wherein Pinnacle Bank's loan commitment to the borrower is the same as the third party's take-out commitment to Pinnacle Bank and the third party purchase typically occurs within thirty days of Pinnacle Bank closing with the borrowers. Residential Lending At December 31, 2019, Pinnacle Financial had approximately $61.6 million of mortgage loans held-for-sale compared to approximately $31.8 million at December 31, 2018. Total mortgage loan volumes sold during the year ended December 31, 2019 were approximately $1.1 billion compared to approximately $1.0 billion for the year ended December 31, 2018. During the year ended December 31, 2019, Pinnacle Financial recognized $24.3 million in gains on the sale of these loans, net of commissions paid, compared to $14.6 million and $18.6 million, respectively, during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. These mortgage loans held-for-sale are originated internally and are primarily to borrowers in Pinnacle Bank's geographic markets. These sales are typically on a mandatory basis to investors that follow conventional government sponsored entities (GSE) and the Department of Housing and Urban Development/U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (HUD/VA) guidelines. Each purchaser of a mortgage loan held-for-sale has specific guidelines and criteria for sellers of loans and the risk of credit loss with regard to the principal amount of the loans sold is generally transferred to the purchasers upon sale. While the loans are sold without recourse, the purchase agreements require Pinnacle Bank to make certain representations and warranties regarding the existence and sufficiency of file documentation and the absence of fraud by borrowers or other third parties such as appraisers in connection with obtaining the loan. If it is determined that the loans sold were in breach of these representations or warranties, Pinnacle Bank has obligations to either repurchase the loan for the unpaid principal balance and related investor fees or make the purchaser whole for the economic benefits of the loan. To date, Pinnacle Bank's liability pursuant to the terms of these representations and warranties has been insignificant.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for claims held for amounts due a entity, excluding financing receivables. Examples include, but are not limited to, trade accounts receivables, notes receivables, loans receivables. Includes disclosure for allowance for credit losses. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 310 -SubTopic 10 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2196772 + Details
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