Securities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Note 4. Securities

The amortized cost and fair value of securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity at December 31, 2021 and 2020 are summarized as follows (in thousands):


	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
December 31, 2021
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S Treasury securities	$	194,490	$	—	$	881	$	193,609
U.S. Government agency securities	634,611		2,359		4,961		632,009
Mortgage-backed securities	1,908,675		29,874		18,310		1,920,239
State and municipal securities	1,774,119		52,961		3,243		1,823,837
Asset-backed securities	232,294		60		2,785		229,569
Corporate notes	114,355		3,082		2,506		114,931
	$	4,858,544	$	88,336	$	32,686	$	4,914,194
Securities held-to-maturity:
U.S. Government agency securities	11,920		—		37		11,883
Mortgage-backed securities	106,555		86		196		106,445
State and municipal securities	1,037,644		32,966		889		1,069,721
	$	1,156,119	$	33,052	$	1,122	$	1,188,049
Allowance for credit losses - securities held-to-maturity	(161)
Securities held-to-maturity, net of allowance for credit losses	$	1,155,958
December 31, 2020
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S Treasury securities	$	82,199	$	10	$	—	$	82,209
U.S. Government agency securities	74,916		1,547		60		76,403
Mortgage-backed securities	1,623,759		67,759		2,327		1,689,191
State and municipal securities	1,411,288		44,559		12,484		1,443,363
Asset-backed securities	177,878		715		657		177,936
Corporate notes	117,256		2,632		2,309		117,579
	$	3,487,296	$	117,222	$	17,837	$	3,586,681
Securities held-to-maturity:
State and municipal securities	1,028,550		38,272		291		1,066,531
	$	1,028,550	$	38,272	$	291	$	1,066,531
Allowance for credit losses - securities held-to-maturity	(191)
Securities held-to-maturity, net of allowance for credit losses	$	1,028,359

During the quarters ended March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2018, Pinnacle Financial transferred, at fair value, $873.6 million and $179.8 million, respectively, of municipal securities from the available-for-sale portfolio to the held-to-maturity portfolio. The related net unrealized after tax gains of $69.0 million and net unrealized after tax losses of $2.2 million, respectively, remained in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and will be amortized over the remaining life of the securities, offsetting the related amortization of discount on the transferred securities. No gains or losses were recognized at the time of the transfer. At December 31, 2021, approximately $671.7 million of Pinnacle Financial's investment portfolio was pledged to secure public funds and other deposits and securities sold under agreements to repurchase. At December 31, 2021, repurchase agreements comprised of secured borrowings totaled $152.6 million and were secured by $152.6 million of pledged U.S. government agency securities, mortgage-backed securities, municipal securities, asset backed securities, and corporate debentures. As the fair value of securities pledged to secure repurchase agreements may decline, Pinnacle Financial regularly evaluates its need to pledge additional securities for the counterparty to remain adequately secured.

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities as of December 31, 2021 by contractual maturity are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities of mortgage-backed securities since the mortgages underlying the securities may be called or prepaid with or without penalty. Therefore, these securities are not included in the maturity categories in the following summary (in thousands):


	Available-for-sale				Held-to-maturity
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	103,578	$	103,533	$	—	$	—
Due in one year to five years	320,844		321,710		13,330		13,342
Due in five years to ten years	507,968		513,643		5,648		5,728
Due after ten years	1,785,185		1,825,500		1,030,586		1,062,534
Mortgage-backed securities	1,908,675		1,920,239		106,555		106,445
Asset-backed securities	232,294		229,569		—		—
	$	4,858,544	$	4,914,194	$	1,156,119	$	1,188,049

At December 31, 2021 and 2020, included in securities were the following investments with unrealized losses. The information below classifies these investments according to the term of the unrealized loss of less than twelve months or twelve months or longer (in thousands):


	Investments with an Unrealized Loss of less than 12 months				Investments with an Unrealized Loss of 12 months or longer				Total Investments with an Unrealized Loss
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
December 31, 2021
U.S. Treasury securities	$	178,610	$	881	$	—	$	—	$	178,610	$	881
U.S. Government agency securities	365,833		3,024		54,266		1,974		420,099		4,998
Mortgage-backed securities	825,664		11,859		178,956		6,647		1,004,620		18,506
State and municipal securities	363,102		2,665		57,270		1,045		420,372		3,710
Asset-backed securities	198,349		2,595		6,513		190		204,862		2,785
Corporate notes	14,991		554		20,270		1,952		35,261		2,506
Total temporarily-impaired securities	$	1,946,549	$	21,578	$	317,275	$	11,808	$	2,263,824	$	33,386

December 31, 2020
U.S. Treasury securities	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
U.S. Government agency securities	9,962		38		6,091		22		16,053		60
Mortgage-backed securities	165,696		1,772		35,997		555		201,693		2,327
State and municipal securities	175,115		2,220		345,435		10,264		520,550		12,484
Asset-backed securities	46,399		207		52,840		450		99,239		657
Corporate notes	9,978		40		23,920		2,269		33,898		2,309
Total temporarily-impaired securities	$	407,150	$	4,277	$	464,283	$	13,560	$	871,433	$	17,837

The applicable date for determining when securities are in an unrealized loss position is December 31, 2021 and 2020. As such, it is possible that a security had a market value less than its amortized cost on other days during the twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, but is not in the "Investments with an Unrealized Loss of less than 12 months" category above.

As shown in the tables above, at December 31, 2021 and 2020, Pinnacle Financial had unrealized losses of $33.4 million and $17.8 million on $2.3 billion and $871.4 million, respectively, of securities. The unrealized losses associated with $873.6 million and $179.8 million of municipal securities transferred from the available-for-sale portfolio to the held-to-maturity portfolio during the quarters ended March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2018, respectively, represent unrealized losses since the date of purchase, independent of the impact associated with changes in the cost basis upon transfer between portfolios. As described in Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, for any securities classified as available-for-sale that are in an unrealized loss position at the balance sheet date, Pinnacle Financial assesses whether or not it intends to sell the security, or more-likely-than-not will be required to sell the security, before recovery of its amortized cost basis which would require a write-down to fair value through net income. Because Pinnacle Financial currently does not intend to sell those securities that have an unrealized loss at December 31, 2021, and it is not more-likely-than-not that Pinnacle Financial will be required to sell the securities before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be maturity, Pinnacle Financial has determined that no write-down is necessary. In addition, Pinnacle Financial evaluates whether any portion of the decline in fair value is the result of credit deterioration, which would require the recognition of an allowance for credit losses. Such evaluations consider the extent to which the amortized cost of the security exceeds its fair value, changes in credit ratings and any other known adverse conditions related to the specific security. The unrealized losses associated with securities at December 31, 2021 are driven by changes in interest rates and are not due to the credit quality of the securities, and accordingly, no allowance for credit losses is considered necessary related to available-for-sale securities at December 31, 2021. These securities will continue to be monitored as a part of Pinnacle Financial's ongoing evaluation of credit quality.

The allowance for credit losses on held-to-maturity securities is measured on a collective basis by major security type as described in Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. At December 31, 2021, Pinnacle Financial's held-to-maturity securities consists of U.S. government agency, mortgage-backed and municipal securities. Pinnacle Financial has a zero loss expectation for U.S government agency securities and mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac, and accordingly, no allowance for credit losses is estimated for these securities. Credit losses on held-to-maturity municipal securities are estimated using probability of default and loss given default models driven primarily by macroeconomic factors over a reasonable and supportable period of eighteen months with a twelve month reversion to average loss factors. The allowance for credit losses on held-to-maturity securities totaled $161,000 and $191,000, at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Pinnacle Financial utilizes bond credit ratings assigned by third party ratings agencies to monitor the credit quality of debt securities held-to-maturity. At December 31, 2021, all debt securities classified as held-to-maturity were rated A or higher by the ratings agencies. Updated credit ratings are obtained as they become available from the ratings agencies.

Periodically, available-for-sale securities may be sold or the composition of the portfolio realigned to improve yields, quality or marketability, or to implement changes in investment or asset/liability strategy, including maintaining collateral requirements and raising funds for liquidity purposes. Additionally, if an available-for-sale security loses its investment grade or tax-exempt status, the underlying credit support is terminated or collection otherwise becomes uncertain based on factors known to management, Pinnacle Financial will consider selling the security, but will review each security on a case-by-case basis as these factors become known. Consistent with the investment policy, during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, available-for-sale securities of approximately $37.5 million, $145.6 million and $737.7 million, respectively, were sold, resulting in gross realized gains of $769,000, $2.2 million and $1.0 million, and gross realized losses of $10,000, $1.2 million and $6.9 million, respectively.

Pinnacle Financial has entered into various fair value hedging transactions to mitigate the impact of changing interest rates on the fair values of available for sale securities. See Note 14. Derivative Instruments for disclosure of the gains and losses recognized on derivative instruments and the cumulative fair value hedging adjustments to the carrying amount of the hedged securities.