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Stock Options, Restricted Shares and Restricted Share Units (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Summary of Stock Option Activity
A summary of stock option activity within the equity incentive plans during each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2022 and information regarding expected vesting, contractual terms remaining, intrinsic values and other matters was as follows:
 NumberWeighted-Average Exercise PriceWeighted-Average Contractual Remaining Term (in years)
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1)
(000's)
Outstanding at December 31, 2019119,274 $23.45     
Granted— —     
Stock options exercised
(17,505)23.40     
Forfeited— —     
Outstanding at December 31, 2020101,769 $23.46     
Granted— — 
Stock options exercised(45,125)22.18 
Forfeited(497)20.00 
Outstanding at December 31, 202156,147 $24.51     
Granted— —     
Stock options exercised(15,959)23.28     
Forfeited— —     
Outstanding at December 31, 202240,188 $25.00 0.33$1,945 
Options exercisable at December 31, 202240,188 $25.00 0.33$1,945 
(1)The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying awards and the quoted price of Pinnacle Financial common stock of $73.40 per common share at December 31, 2022 for the 40,188 options that were in-the-money at December 31, 2022.
Summary of Activity for Unvested Restricted Share Awards A summary of activity for unvested restricted share awards for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 follows:
 NumberGrant Date Weighted-Average Cost
Unvested at December 31, 2019555,296 $57.04 
Shares awarded284,904 55.91 
Restrictions lapsed and shares released to associates/directors(215,846)55.39 
Shares forfeited(29,685)59.64 
Unvested at December 31, 2020594,669 $56.97 
Shares awarded249,641 77.00 
Restrictions lapsed and shares released to associates/directors(193,846)56.47 
Shares forfeited(37,129)62.79 
Unvested at December 31, 2021613,335 $64.93 
Shares awarded286,445 98.06 
Restrictions lapsed and shares released to associates/directors(188,394)64.53 
Shares forfeited(35,775)75.35 
Unvested at December 31, 2022675,611 $78.53 
Pinnacle Financial grants restricted share awards to associates (including certain members of executive management) and outside directors with time-based vesting criteria. The following tables outline restricted stock grants that were made by grant year, grouped by similar vesting criteria, during the three-year period ended December 31, 2022. The table below reflects the life-to-date activity for these awards:
Grant
year
Group (1)
Vesting
period in years
Shares
awarded
Restrictions lapsed and shares released to participantsShares withheld
for taxes by participants
Shares forfeited by participants (4)
Shares unvested
Time Based Awards
2020
Associates (2)
3— 5266,379 74,888 30,556 25,770 135,165 
2021
Associates (2)
3— 5237,811 31,372 12,388 24,977 169,074 
2022
Associates (2)
3— 5276,965 75 66 8,866 267,958 
Outside Director Awards (3)
2020Outside directors118,525 16,327 2,198 — — 
2021Outside directors111,830 10,222 1,608 — — 
2022Outside directors19,480 — — — 9,480 
(1)Groups include employees (referred to as associates above) and outside directors. When the restricted shares are awarded, a participant receives voting rights and forfeitable dividend rights with respect to the shares, but is not able to transfer the shares until the restrictions have lapsed. Once the restrictions lapse, the participant is taxed on the value of the award and may elect to sell some shares (or have Pinnacle Financial withhold some shares) to pay the applicable income taxes associated with the award. Alternatively, the recipient can pay the withholding taxes in cash. For time-based vesting restricted share awards, dividends paid on shares for which the forfeiture restrictions do not lapse will be recouped by Pinnacle Financial at the time of termination. For awards to Pinnacle Financial's directors, dividends are placed into escrow until the forfeiture restrictions on such shares lapse.
(2)The forfeiture restrictions on these restricted share awards lapse in equal annual installments on the anniversary date of the grant.
(3)Restricted share awards are issued to the outside members of the board of directors in accordance with their board compensation plan. Restrictions lapse on March 1, 2023 based on each individual board member meeting attendance goals for the various board and board committee meetings to which each member was scheduled to attend.
(4)These shares represent forfeitures resulting from recipients whose employment or board membership was terminated during the year-to-date period ended December 31, 2022. Any dividends paid on shares for which the forfeiture restrictions do not lapse will be recouped by Pinnacle Financial at the time of termination or will not be distributed from escrow, as applicable.
Restricted Share Unit Awards Outstanding
Restricted Stock Unit Awards

A summary of activity for unvested restricted stock units for the year ended December 31, 2022 is as follows:
 NumberGrant Date
Weighted-Average Cost
Unvested at December 31, 202156,368 $71.22 
Restricted stock units awarded38,133 104.80
Restrictions lapsed and underlying shares released to associates/directors(18,897)71.24
Restricted stock units forfeited(1,621)85.50
Unvested at December 31, 202273,983 $88.21 

Pinnacle Financial grants restricted stock units to its Named Executive Officers (NEOs) and leadership team members with time-based vesting criteria. Compensation expense associated with time-based vesting restricted stock unit awards is recognized over the time period that the restrictions associated with the awards lapse on a straight-line basis based on the total cost of the award. The following table outlines restricted stock unit grants that were made, grouped by similar vesting criteria, during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. The table reflects the life-to-date activity for these awards:

Grant yearVesting
period in years
Shares
awarded
Restrictions lapsed and shares released to participantsShares withheld for taxes by participants
Shares forfeited by participants (1)
Shares unvested
2021356,864 12,534 6,476 1,486 36,368 
2022338,133 11 503 37,615 
(1)These shares represent forfeitures resulting from recipients whose employment was terminated during the life-to-date period ended December 31, 2022. Dividend equivalents are held in escrow for award recipients for dividends paid prior to the forfeiture restrictions lapsing. Such dividend equivalents are not released from escrow if an award is forfeited.
Performance Stock Unit Awards

The following table details the performance stock unit awards outstanding at December 31, 2022:

 Units Awarded
 Applicable performance periods associated with each tranche
(fiscal year)
Service period per tranche
(in years)
Subsequent
holding period per tranche
(in years)
Period in which units to be settled into shares of common stock (2)
Grant year
Named Executive Officers
(NEOs) (1)
Leadership Team other than NEOs
202256,465 — 135,514 32,320 2022-2024002025
2022— — 230,000 — 2022-2024012026
202189,234 — 214,155 45,240 2021-2023002024
2020136,137 — 204,220 59,648 2020232025
2021222025
2022212025
2019166,211 — 249,343 52,244 2019232024
2020222024
2021212024
201896,878 — 145,339 25,990 2018232023
   2019222023
   2020212023
(1)The named executive officers are awarded a range of awards that generally may be earned based on attainment of goals between a target level of performance and a maximum level of performance. The 230,000 performance units awarded to the NEOs in 2022 may be earned based on target level performance and do not include maximum level payout.
(2)Performance stock unit awards granted in or after 2021, if earned, will be settled in shares of Pinnacle Financial common stock in the period noted in the table, if the performance criterion included in the applicable performance unit award agreement are met.
Schedule of Share Based Compensation Expense
A summary of stock compensation expense, net of the impact of income taxes, related to restricted share awards, restricted stock unit awards and performance stock unit awards for the three-year period ended December 31, 2022, follows (in thousands):

 202220212020
Restricted stock expense$39,552 $24,952 $18,737 
Income tax benefit (1)
10,339 6,522 4,898 
Restricted stock expense, net of income tax benefit$29,213 $18,430 $13,839