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Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Receivables [Abstract]  
Schedule of Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable
Loans at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied$4,264,743 $4,044,896
Non-owner occupied8,132,388 7,535,494
Consumer real estate – mortgage4,907,766 4,851,531
Construction and land development3,486,504 4,041,081
Commercial and industrial12,986,865 11,666,691
Consumer and other530,044 536,398
Subtotal$34,308,310 $32,676,091 
Allowance for credit losses(391,534)(353,055)
Loans, net$33,916,776 $32,323,036 
Loan Classification Categorized by Risk Rating Category
The following tables present loan balances classified within each risk rating category by primary loan type and year of origination or most recent renewal as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, as well as the gross loan charge-offs by primary loan type and year of origination or most recent renewal for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 (in thousands):
20242023202220212020PriorRevolving LoansTotal
September 30, 2024
Commercial real estate - owner occupied
Pass$519,550 $791,255 $1,098,122 $797,684 $455,593 $473,887 $72,777 $4,208,868 
Special Mention11,786 4,012 11,112 3,235 4,118 8,868 — 43,131 
Substandard (1)
— 3,153 927 86 83 767 — 5,016 
Substandard-nonaccrual4,294 849 — 1,832 — 753 — 7,728 
Doubtful-nonaccrual— — — — — — — — 
Total Commercial real estate - owner occupied$535,630 $799,269 $1,110,161 $802,837 $459,794 $484,275 $72,777 $4,264,743 
Current period gross charge-offs$— (2,808)(4,480)(1,522)— (94)— $(8,904)
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied
Pass$940,400 $904,676 $3,037,444 $1,981,035 $501,402 $515,403 $107,025 $7,987,385 
Special Mention57,203 — 32,032 — 1,538 1,842 — 92,615 
Substandard (1)
— 13,483 — — — — — 13,483 
Substandard-nonaccrual— 492 124 38,289 — — — 38,905 
Doubtful-nonaccrual— — — — — — — — 
Total Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied$997,603 $918,651 $3,069,600 $2,019,324 $502,940 $517,245 $107,025 $8,132,388 
Current period gross charge-offs$(1,347)— — (2,000)— — — $(3,347)
Consumer real estate – mortgage
Pass$270,935 $521,756 $909,163 $994,212 $410,196 $453,399 $1,315,112 $4,874,773 
Special Mention— — — 370 — — — 370 
Substandard (1)
— — — — — — — — 
Substandard-nonaccrual60 6,148 6,498 4,965 1,884 11,465 1,603 32,623 
Doubtful-nonaccrual— — — — — — — — 
Total Consumer real estate – mortgage$270,995 $527,904 $915,661 $999,547 $412,080 $464,864 $1,316,715 $4,907,766 
Current period gross charge-offs$— — (41)— (18)(12)(717)$(788)
Construction and land development
Pass$820,303 $671,283 $1,568,291 $329,150 $7,755 $6,895 $54,027 $3,457,704 
Special Mention504 — — 25,110 — — — 25,614 
Substandard (1)
— — — — — — — — 
Substandard-nonaccrual1,179 1,995 — — 12 — — 3,186 
Doubtful-nonaccrual— — — — — — — — 
Total Construction and land development$821,986 $673,278 $1,568,291 $354,260 $7,767 $6,895 $54,027 $3,486,504 
Current period gross charge-offs$— — — — — — — $— 
Commercial and industrial
Pass$3,075,697 $2,135,154 $1,780,693 $927,995 $248,559 $276,405 $4,294,026 $12,738,529 
Special Mention17,926 66,289 32,756 4,320 420 1,905 30,131 153,747 
Substandard (1)
5,934 4,374 19,264 1,210 17 8,927 18,486 58,212 
Substandard-nonaccrual2,735 7,255 6,746 17,344 80 834 1,383 36,377 
Doubtful-nonaccrual— — — — — — — — 
 Total Commercial and industrial$3,102,292 $2,213,072 $1,839,459 $950,869 $249,076 $288,071 $4,344,026 $12,986,865 
Current period gross charge-offs$(716)(8,036)(11,719)(12,446)(701)(657)(16,336)$(50,611)
Consumer and other
Pass$123,756 $20,548 $21,050 $48,355 $27,528 $732 $287,601 $529,570 
Special Mention— — — — — — — — 
Substandard (1)
— — — — — — — — 
Substandard-nonaccrual405 — 41 25 — 474 
Doubtful-nonaccrual— — — — — — — — 
Total Consumer and other$124,161 $20,548 $21,052 $48,396 $27,553 $733 $287,601 $530,044 
Current period gross charge-offs$(25)(282)(110)(2,818)(1,335)(7)(4,546)$(9,123)
20242023202220212020PriorRevolving LoansTotal
Total loans
Pass$5,750,641 $5,044,672 $8,414,763 $5,078,431 $1,651,033 $1,726,721 $6,130,568 $33,796,829 
Special Mention87,419 70,301 75,900 33,035 6,076 12,615 30,131 315,477 
Substandard (1)
5,934 21,010 20,191 1,296 100 9,694 18,486 76,711 
Substandard-nonaccrual8,673 16,739 13,370 62,471 2,001 13,053 2,986 119,293 
Doubtful-nonaccrual— — — — — — — — 
Total loans$5,852,667 $5,152,722 $8,524,224 $5,175,233 $1,659,210 $1,762,083 $6,182,171 $34,308,310 
Current period gross charge-offs$(2,088)(11,126)(16,350)(18,786)(2,054)(770)(21,599)$(72,773)
20232022202120202019PriorRevolving LoansTotal
December 31, 2023
Commercial real estate - owner occupied
Pass$785,834 $1,123,425 $871,389 $502,260 $267,595 $357,339 $56,680 $3,964,522 
Special Mention1,595 37,324 5,300 2,252 5,306 4,701 — 56,478 
Substandard (1)
5,528 9,331 3,262 1,145 568 610 — 20,444 
Substandard-nonaccrual1,781 615 686 53 — 317 — 3,452 
Doubtful-nonaccrual— — — — — — — — 
Total Commercial real estate - owner occupied$794,738 $1,170,695 $880,637 $505,710 $273,469 $362,967 $56,680 $4,044,896 
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied
Pass$1,304,109 $2,682,275 $1,737,275 $713,979 $505,767 $370,420 $107,841 $7,421,666 
Special Mention— 30,229 — 6,745 216 5,335 — 42,525 
Substandard (1)
25,723 2,969 — — 1,195 73 — 29,960 
Substandard-nonaccrual— 153 40,180 — — 489 521 41,343 
Doubtful-nonaccrual— — — — — — — — 
Total Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied$1,329,832 $2,715,626 $1,777,455 $720,724 $507,178 $376,317 $108,362 $7,535,494 
Consumer real estate – mortgage
Pass$573,120 $976,006 $1,056,720 $448,420 $207,790 $318,505 $1,253,091 $4,833,652 
Special Mention— — — — — — — — 
Substandard (1)
— — — — — — — — 
Substandard-nonaccrual688 2,265 2,951 2,525 5,265 3,671 514 17,879 
Doubtful-nonaccrual— — — — — — — — 
Total Consumer real estate – mortgage$573,808 $978,271 $1,059,671 $450,945 $213,055 $322,176 $1,253,605 $4,851,531 
Construction and land development
Pass$1,153,137 $1,930,062 $884,060 $12,102 $5,580 $6,369 $41,886 $4,033,196 
Special Mention2,728 — — 4,467 — — — 7,195 
Substandard (1)
— — — — — 82 — 82 
Substandard-nonaccrual— 608 — — — — — 608 
Doubtful-nonaccrual— — — — — — — — 
Total Construction and land development$1,155,865 $1,930,670 $884,060 $16,569 $5,580 $6,451 $41,886 $4,041,081 
Commercial and industrial
Pass$3,778,326 $2,103,473 $1,127,096 $325,176 $215,158 $142,806 $3,753,575 $11,445,610 
Special Mention11,125 22,806 12,457 532 144 1,847 45,025 93,936 
Substandard (1)
10,142 2,243 25,311 145 359 9,028 60,986 108,214 
Substandard-nonaccrual10,436 4,193 1,583 409 359 735 1,215 18,930 
Doubtful-nonaccrual— — — — — — 
 Total Commercial and industrial$3,810,029 $2,132,715 $1,166,447 $326,263 $216,020 $154,416 $3,860,801 $11,666,691 
20232022202120202019PriorRevolving LoansTotal
Consumer and other
Pass$136,809 $28,774 $66,126 $37,015 $541 $656 $266,402 $536,323 
Special Mention— — — — — — — — 
Substandard (1)
— — — — — — — — 
Substandard-nonaccrual— — — — — — 75 75 
Doubtful-nonaccrual— — — — — — — — 
Total Consumer and other$136,809 $28,774 $66,126 $37,015 $541 $656 $266,477 $536,398 
Total loans
Pass$7,731,335 $8,844,015 $5,742,666 $2,038,952 $1,202,431 $1,196,095 $5,479,475 $32,234,969 
Special Mention15,448 90,359 17,757 13,996 5,666 11,883 45,025 200,134 
Substandard (1)
41,393 14,543 28,573 1,290 2,122 9,793 60,986 158,700 
Substandard-nonaccrual12,905 7,834 45,400 2,987 5,624 5,212 2,325 82,287 
Doubtful-nonaccrual— — — — — — 
Total loans$7,801,081 $8,956,751 $5,834,396 $2,057,226 $1,215,843 $1,222,983 $5,587,811 $32,676,091 
(1) Potential problem loans represent those loans with a well-defined weakness and where information about possible credit problems of borrowers has caused management to have doubts about the borrower's ability to comply with present repayment terms. This definition is believed to be substantially consistent with the standards established by Pinnacle Bank's primary regulators for loans classified as substandard, excluding loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Potential problem loans, which are not included in nonaccrual loans, amounted to approximately $48.2 million at September 30, 2024, compared to $127.4 million at December 31, 2023.
Past Due Balances by Loan Classification
The table below presents the aging of past due balances by loan segment at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

September 30, 202430-59 days past due60-89 days past due90 days or more past dueTotal
past due
CurrentTotal loans
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied$4,052 $5,931 $3,629 $13,612 $4,251,131 $4,264,743 
Non-owner occupied974 — 38,413 39,387 8,093,001 8,132,388 
Consumer real estate – mortgage6,844 14,449 17,479 38,772 4,868,994 4,907,766 
Construction and land development67 — 2,696 2,763 3,483,741 3,486,504 
Commercial and industrial14,581 7,268 18,584 40,433 12,946,432 12,986,865 
Consumer and other3,880 2,155 1,204 7,239 522,805 530,044 
Total$30,398 $29,803 $82,005 $142,206 $34,166,104 $34,308,310 
December 31, 2023
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied$1,671 $507 $3,398 $5,576 $4,039,320 $4,044,896 
Non-owner occupied40,577 489 153 41,219 7,494,275 7,535,494 
Consumer real estate – mortgage21,585 1,352 10,824 33,761 4,817,770 4,851,531 
Construction and land development621 28 608 1,257 4,039,824 4,041,081 
Commercial and industrial14,197 28,221 16,890 59,308 11,607,383 11,666,691 
Consumer and other5,286 1,868 1,496 8,650 527,748 536,398 
Total$83,937 $32,465 $33,369 $149,771 $32,526,320 $32,676,091 
Details of Changes in the Allowance for Loan Losses
The following table details the changes in the allowance for credit losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, by loan classification (in thousands):
 Commercial real estate - owner occupiedCommercial real estate - non-owner occupiedConsumer
 real estate - mortgage
Construction and land developmentCommercial and industrialConsumer
and other
Total
Three months ended September 30, 2024:
Balance at June 30, 2024$29,847 $78,964 $80,247 $30,035 $154,014 $8,494 $381,601 
Charged-off loans— (266)(126)— (19,842)(2,905)(23,139)
Recovery of previously charged-off loans11 12 168 — 3,281 1,319 4,791 
Provision for credit losses on loans1,842 2,053 (4,102)2,340 24,918 1,230 28,281 
Balance at September 30, 2024$31,700 $80,763 $76,187 $32,375 $162,371 $8,138 $391,534 
Three months ended September 30, 2023:      
Balance at June 30, 2023$26,497 $55,108 $59,374 $38,855 $148,418 $9,207 $337,459 
Charged-off loans— — (168)(3)(20,330)(4,208)(24,709)
Recovery of previously charged-off loans52 44 374 86 3,831 2,229 6,616 
Provision for credit losses on loans1,329 2,097 10,917 (1,908)12,383 2,008 26,826 
Balance at September 30, 2023$27,878 $57,249 $70,497 $37,030 $144,302 $9,236 $346,192 
Nine months ended September 30, 2024:      
Balance at December 31, 2023$28,690 $57,687 $71,354 $39,142 $148,212 $7,970 $353,055 
Charged-off loans(8,904)(3,347)(788)— (50,611)(9,123)(72,773)
Recovery of previously charged-off loans153 40 849 10,030 4,234 15,315 
Provision for credit losses on loans11,761 26,383 4,772 (6,776)54,740 5,057 95,937 
Balance at September 30, 2024$31,700 $80,763 $76,187 $32,375 $162,371 $8,138 $391,534 
Nine months ended September 30, 2023:      
Balance at December 31, 2022$26,617 $40,479 $36,536 $36,114 $144,353 $16,566 $300,665 
Charged-off loans— — (598)(3)(45,158)(11,857)(57,616)
Recovery of previously charged-off loans66 1,233 1,989 337 11,959 6,877 22,461 
Provision for credit losses on loans1,195 15,537 32,570 582 33,148 (2,350)80,682 
Balance at September 30, 2023$27,878 $57,249 $70,497 $37,030 $144,302 $9,236 $346,192 
Schedule of Collateral Dependent Loans Individually Evaluated for ACL
The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
Real EstateBusiness AssetsOtherTotal
September 30, 2024
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied$8,799 $— $— $8,799 
Non-owner occupied54,894 — — 54,894 
Consumer real estate – mortgage34,693 — — 34,693 
Construction and land development3,241 — — 3,241 
Commercial and industrial— 46,654 709 47,363 
Consumer and other— — — — 
Total $101,627 $46,654 $709 $148,990 
December 31, 2023
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied$22,284 $— $— $22,284 
Non-owner occupied69,577 — — 69,577 
Consumer real estate – mortgage20,389 — — 20,389 
Construction and land development668 — — 668 
Commercial and industrial— 31,625 552 32,177 
Consumer and other— — — — 
Total $112,918 $31,625 $552 $145,095 
Modifications
The following table shows the amortized cost basis of the loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, disaggregated by class of loans and type of modification granted and describes the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty (in thousands):

Three and nine months ended September 30, 2024
Combination
Amortized Cost Basis% of Total Loan TypeFinancial Effect
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied$— — 
Non-owner occupied— — 
Consumer real estate – mortgage— — 
Construction and land development— — 
Commercial and industrial15,003 0.12 %Reduced the weighted average contractual interest rate by 0.5% and added a weighted average 1.92 years to the term
Consumer and other— — 
Total $15,003 


Three and nine months ended September 30, 2023
Payment DelayTerm ExtensionCombination¹
Total%Total%Total%Total
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied$— — %$5,528 0.14 %$— — %$5,528 
Non-owner occupied11,165 0.15 %— — %13,476 0.18 %24,641 
Consumer real estate – mortgage— — %— — %— — %— 
Construction and land development— — %— — %— — %— 
Commercial and industrial— — %3,225 0.03 %— — %3,225 
Consumer and other— — %— — %— — %— 
Total $11,165 $8,753 $13,476 $33,394 
¹ The combination includes payment delay, term extension, and an interest rate reduction.

Three and nine months ended September 30, 2023
Financial Effect
Payment Delay:
Non-owner occupiedImplemented interest-only payments until loan maturity
Term Extension:
Owner OccupiedAdded a weighted average 0.25 years to the term of the modified loans
Commercial and industrialAdded a weighted average 0.25 years to the term of the modified loans
Combination:
Non-owner OccupiedReduced weighted average contractual interest rate by 0.55%, added a weighted average 2 years to the term and implemented an alternative payment schedule until loan maturity
During the three months ended September 30, 2024, no loans experienced a payment default subsequent to being granted a modification in the prior twelve months. Pinnacle Financial charged off $2.8 million of owner occupied commercial real estate and $1.1 million of non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans that were previously modified and subsequently defaulted during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

The table below presents the aging of past due balances as of September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 of loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified in the previous twelve months:
September 30, 202430-59 days past due60-89 days past due90 days or more past dueCurrentTotal modified loans
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied$— $— $— $— $— 
Non-owner occupied— — — — — 
Consumer real estate – mortgage— — — — — 
Construction and land development— — — — — 
Commercial and industrial— — — 15,003 15,003 
Consumer and other— — — — — 
Total$— $— $— $15,003 $15,003 
September 30, 2023
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied$— $— $— $5,528 $5,528 
Non-owner occupied— — — 24,641 24,641 
Consumer real estate – mortgage— — — — — 
Construction and land development— — — — — 
Commercial and industrial— — — 3,225 3,225 
Consumer and other— — — — — 
Total$— $— $— $33,394 $33,394 
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual
The table below presents the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status and loans past due 90 or more days and still accruing interest at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Also presented is the balance of loans on nonaccrual status at September 30, 2024 for which there was no related allowance for credit losses recorded (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Total nonaccrual loansNonaccrual loans with no allowance for credit lossesLoans past due 90 or more days and still accruingTotal nonaccrual loansNonaccrual loans with no allowance for credit lossesLoans past due 90 or more days and still accruing
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied$7,728 $3,951 $— $3,452 $122 $— 
Non-owner occupied38,905 — — 41,343 40,669 — 
Consumer real estate – mortgage32,623 1,376 11 17,879 — 781 
Construction and land development3,186 319 — 608 — — 
Commercial and industrial36,377 17,874 2,783 18,931 519 3,802 
Consumer and other474 — 817 75 — 1,421 
Total$119,293 $23,520 $3,611 $82,288 $41,310 $6,004 
Summary of Loan Portfolio Credit Risk Exposure
Pinnacle Financial analyzes its commercial loan portfolio to determine if a concentration of credit risk exists to any industries. Pinnacle Financial utilizes broadly accepted industry classification systems in order to classify borrowers into various industry classifications. Pinnacle Financial has a credit exposure (loans outstanding plus unfunded lines of credit) exceeding 25% of Pinnacle Bank's total risk-based capital to borrowers in the following industries at September 30, 2024 with the comparative exposures for December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
 September 30, 2024 
 Outstanding Principal BalancesUnfunded CommitmentsTotal exposureTotal Exposure at December 31, 2023
Lessors of nonresidential buildings$4,578,913 $872,139 $5,451,052 $5,916,335 
Lessors of residential buildings2,278,972 609,958 2,888,930 3,179,041 
New Housing For-Sale Builders562,830 806,163 1,368,993 1,396,653 
Music Publishers862,574 307,707 1,170,281 1,219,781