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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
(Loss) Income Before Income Taxes | (Loss) income before income taxes comprises the following:
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Domestic | $ | (346) |  |  | $ | 362 |  |  | $ | 647 |
Foreign | (1,491) |  |  | 1,025 |  |  | 1,342 |
Total (loss) income before income taxes | $ | (1,837) |  |  | $ | 1,387 |  |  | $ | 1,989 |
Provisions for Income Taxes | The provisions for income taxes consist of the following:
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Current expense (benefit): |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | (48) |
State | 37 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 7 |
Foreign | 49 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 85 |
Total current expense | 85 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 44 |
Deferred expense (benefit): |  |  |  |  |
Federal | 34 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 168 |
State | (21) |  |  | (17) |  |  | 48 |
Foreign | (433) |  |  | 193 |  |  | 262 |
Total deferred (benefit) expense | (420) |  |  | 221 |  |  | 478 |
Total income tax (benefit) expense | $ | (335) |  |  | $ | 313 |  |  | $ | 522 |
Reconciliation of U.S. Federal Statutory Tax Rate to Effective Tax Rate | A reconciliation from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to our effective tax rate is as follows:
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
U.S. federal statutory tax rate | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | %
Difference in tax rate due to: |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill impairment not deductible for tax | (7.3) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Effects of foreign operations | 3.9 |  |  | 4.4 |  |  | 4.6 |
State income taxes, net of federal benefit | (1.1) |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | 1.9 |
Valuation allowance adjustments | 1.1 |  |  | (0.5) |  |  | 1.0 |
Effects of tax rate changes – State, net of federal benefit | 0.2 |  |  | (1.4) |  |  | — |
Effects of tax rate changes - International | — |  |  | (2.3) |  |  | (1.3) |
Effects of U.S. tax legislation | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.8) |
Other, net | 0.4 |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | (0.2) |
Effective tax rate | 18.2 | % |  | 22.6 | % |  | 26.2 | %
Deferred Tax Liabilities (Assets) | Deferred tax liabilities (assets) comprise the following at September 30:
| 2023 |  | 2022
Excess book basis over tax basis of property, plant and equipment | $ | 966 |  |  | $ | 867 |
Utility regulatory assets | 84 |  |  | 106 |
Intangible assets and goodwill | 81 |  |  | 75 |
Derivative instrument assets | 19 |  |  | 514 |
Other | 37 |  |  | 33 |
Gross deferred tax liabilities | 1,187 |  |  | 1,595 |
Investment in AmeriGas Partners | (28) |  |  | (79) |
Pension plan liabilities | (14) |  |  | (21) |
Employee-related benefits | (37) |  |  | (38) |
Operating loss carryforwards | (75) |  |  | (48) |
Foreign tax credit carryforwards | (64) |  |  | (76) |
Utility regulatory liabilities | (83) |  |  | (85) |
Utility environmental liabilities | (15) |  |  | (15) |
Interest expense | (83) |  |  | (51) |
Other | (58) |  |  | (74) |
Gross deferred tax assets | (457) |  |  | (487) |
Deferred tax assets valuation allowance | 141 |  |  | 141 |
Net deferred tax liabilities | $ | 871 |  |  | $ | 1,249 |
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits | A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Unrecognized tax benefits — beginning of year | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 4 |
Additions for tax positions of the current year | 3 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |
Decreases for tax positions taken in prior years | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |
Increases for tax positions taken in prior years | 19 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Settlements with tax authorities/statute lapses | (1) |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |
Unrecognized tax benefits — end of year | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 3 |

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