10-Q 1 crl625201610-q.htm 10-Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One) |
þ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JUNE 25, 2016
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO

Commission File No. 001-15943
CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware |  | 06-1397316
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
251 Ballardvale Street Wilmington, Massachusetts (Address of Principal Executive Offices) |  | 01887 (Zip Code)

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code): (781) 222-6000

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files. Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer þ | Accelerated filer ¨ | Non-accelerated filer ¨ (Do not check if smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No þ
As of July 18, 2016, there were 47,293,493 shares of the Registrant’s common stock outstanding.

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JUNE 25, 2016
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Item |  | Page
| PART I |
1 | Financial Statements |
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 25, 2016 and June 27, 2015 | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 25, 2016 and June 27, 2015 | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) as of June 25, 2016 and December 26, 2015 | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the six months ended June 25, 2016 and June 27, 2015 | 6
| Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 7
2 | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 25
3 | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk | 34
4 | Controls and Procedures | 35
| PART II |
1A | Risk Factors | 36
2 | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 36
6 | Exhibits | 37
Signatures | 38

1

Special Note on Factors Affecting Future Results
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and the future results of Charles River Laboratories International, Inc. that are based on our current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about the industries in which we operate and the beliefs and assumptions of our management. Words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “target,” “goal,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “seek,” “estimate,” “will,” “likely,” “may,” “designed,” “would,” “future,” “can,” “could” and other similar expressions that are predictions of or indicate future events and trends or which do not relate to historical matters are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These statements are based on our current expectations and beliefs and involve a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. For example, we may use forward-looking statements when addressing topics such as: goodwill and asset impairments still under review; future demand for drug discovery and development products and services, including the outsourcing of these services; our expectations regarding stock repurchases, including the number of shares to be repurchased, expected timing and duration, the amount of capital that may be expended and the treatment of repurchased shares; present spending trends and other cost reduction activities by our clients; future actions by our management; the outcome of contingencies; changes in our business strategy, business practices and methods of generating revenue; the development and performance of our services and products; market and industry conditions, including competitive and pricing trends; our strategic relationships with leading pharmaceutical companies and venture capital investments and opportunities for future similar arrangements; our cost structure; the impact of acquisitions including Sunrise, Celsis, Oncotest, WIL Research and Blue Stream; our expectations with respect to revenue growth and operating synergies (including the impact of specific actions intended to cause related improvements); the impact of specific actions intended to improve overall operating efficiencies and profitability (and our ability to accommodate future demand with our infrastructure), including gains and losses attributable to businesses we plan to close, consolidate or divest; changes in our expectations regarding future stock option, restricted stock, performance share units and other equity grants to employees and directors; expectations with respect to foreign currency exchange; assessing (or changing our assessment of) our tax positions for financial statement purposes; and our liquidity. In addition, these statements include the impact of economic and market conditions on us and our clients; the effects of our cost saving actions and the steps to optimize returns to shareholders on an effective and timely basis and our ability to withstand the current market conditions. You should not rely on forward-looking statements because they are predictions and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual results may differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this document or in the case of statements incorporated by reference, on the date of the document incorporated by reference. Factors that might cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 26, 2015 under the sections entitled “Our Strategy,” “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and in our press releases and other financial filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We have no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or risks. New information, future events or risks may cause the forward-looking events we discuss in this report not to occur.
2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015 |  | June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015
Service revenue | $ | 292,847 |  |  | $ | 214,380 |  |  | $ | 513,548 |  |  | $ | 411,160 |
Product revenue | 141,208 |  |  | 125,193 |  |  | 275,375 |  |  | 248,827 |
Total revenue | 434,055 |  |  | 339,573 |  |  | 788,923 |  |  | 659,987 |
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services provided (excluding amortization of intangible assets) | 196,121 |  |  | 144,143 |  |  | 343,470 |  |  | 280,449 |
Cost of products sold (excluding amortization of intangible assets) | 68,187 |  |  | 62,647 |  |  | 134,938 |  |  | 127,095 |
Selling, general and administrative | 100,473 |  |  | 71,331 |  |  | 183,417 |  |  | 142,728 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 11,213 |  |  | 5,717 |  |  | 17,565 |  |  | 10,975 |
Operating income | 58,061 |  |  | 55,735 |  |  | 109,533 |  |  | 98,740 |
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 222 |  |  | 297 |  |  | 485 |  |  | 581 |
Interest expense | (8,909 | ) |  | (4,376 | ) |  | (13,120 | ) |  | (7,400 | )
Other income (expense), net | 5,016 |  |  | 8,672 |  |  | 9,042 |  |  | 359 |
Income from continuing operations, before income taxes | 54,390 |  |  | 60,328 |  |  | 105,940 |  |  | 92,280 |
Provision for income taxes | 18,845 |  |  | 11,076 |  |  | 32,820 |  |  | 11,407 |
Income from continuing operations, net of income taxes | 35,545 |  |  | 49,252 |  |  | 73,120 |  |  | 80,873 |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes | 12 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | (14 | ) |  | (14 | )
Net income | 35,557 |  |  | 49,245 |  |  | 73,106 |  |  | 80,859 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 350 |  |  | 736 |  |  | 756 |  |  | 809 |
Net income attributable to common shareholders | $ | 35,207 |  |  | $ | 48,509 |  |  | $ | 72,350 |  |  | $ | 80,050 |
Earnings (loss) per common share |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations attributable to common shareholders | $ | 0.75 |  |  | $ | 1.04 |  |  | $ | 1.54 |  |  | $ | 1.71 |
Discontinued operations | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Net income attributable to common shareholders | $ | 0.75 |  |  | $ | 1.04 |  |  | $ | 1.54 |  |  | $ | 1.71 |
Diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations attributable to common shareholders | $ | 0.73 |  |  | $ | 1.02 |  |  | $ | 1.51 |  |  | $ | 1.68 |
Discontinued operations | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Net income attributable to common shareholders | $ | 0.73 |  |  | $ | 1.02 |  |  | $ | 1.51 |  |  | $ | 1.68 |
See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands)

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015 |  | June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015
Net income | $ | 35,557 |  |  | $ | 49,245 |  |  | $ | 73,106 |  |  | $ | 80,859 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment and other | (8,114 | ) |  | 17,953 |  |  | (15,910 | ) |  | (14,716 | )
Cumulative translation adjustment related to intercompany loan forgiveness | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,341 | )
Amortization of net loss and prior service benefit included in net periodic cost for pension and other post-retirement benefit plans | 395 |  |  | 761 |  |  | 785 |  |  | 1,490 |
Other comprehensive income, before income taxes | 27,838 |  |  | 67,959 |  |  | 57,981 |  |  | 65,292 |
Income tax expense related to items of other comprehensive income (Note 9) | 142 |  |  | 263 |  |  | 284 |  |  | 480 |
Comprehensive income, net of income taxes | 27,696 |  |  | 67,696 |  |  | 57,697 |  |  | 64,812 |
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) related to noncontrolling interests | (136 | ) |  | 805 |  |  | (9 | ) |  | 878 |
Comprehensive income attributable to common shareholders | $ | 27,832 |  |  | $ | 66,891 |  |  | $ | 57,706 |  |  | $ | 63,934 |
See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)

| June 25, 2016 |  | December 26, 2015
Assets |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 154,585 |  |  | $ | 117,947 |
Trade receivables, net | 345,539 |  |  | 270,068 |
Inventories | 98,116 |  |  | 93,735 |
Prepaid assets | 36,698 |  |  | 30,198 |
Other current assets | 66,609 |  |  | 47,286 |
Total current assets | 701,547 |  |  | 559,234 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 783,678 |  |  | 677,959 |
Goodwill | 754,925 |  |  | 438,829 |
Client relationships, net | 332,901 |  |  | 213,374 |
Other intangible assets, net | 82,295 |  |  | 67,430 |
Deferred tax assets | 22,954 |  |  | 40,028 |
Other assets | 84,687 |  |  | 71,643 |
Total assets | $ | 2,762,987 |  |  | $ | 2,068,497 |
Liabilities, Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest and Equity |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Current portion of long-term debt and capital leases | $ | 33,939 |  |  | $ | 17,033 |
Accounts payable | 66,198 |  |  | 36,675 |
Accrued compensation | 81,839 |  |  | 72,832 |
Deferred revenue | 118,837 |  |  | 81,343 |
Accrued liabilities | 86,841 |  |  | 89,494 |
Other current liabilities | 23,871 |  |  | 12,544 |
Current liabilities of discontinued operations | 1,868 |  |  | 1,840 |
Total current liabilities | 413,393 |  |  | 311,761 |
Long-term debt, net and capital leases | 1,331,053 |  |  | 845,997 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 53,243 |  |  | 48,223 |
Other long-term liabilities | 96,219 |  |  | 89,062 |
Long-term liabilities of discontinued operations | 7,094 |  |  | 7,890 |
Total liabilities | 1,901,002 |  |  | 1,302,933 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |
Redeemable noncontrolling interest | 25,824 |  |  | 28,008 |
Equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 20,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 120,000 shares authorized; 86,219 shares issued and 47,282 shares outstanding as of June 25, 2016 and 85,464 shares issued and 46,698 shares outstanding at December 26, 2015 | 862 |  |  | 855 |
Additional paid-in capital | 2,450,726 |  |  | 2,397,960 |
Retained earnings | 82,888 |  |  | 10,538 |
Treasury stock, at cost 38,937 shares and 38,766 shares as of June 25, 2016 and December 26, 2015, respectively | (1,552,936 | ) |  | (1,540,738 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (150,192 | ) |  | (135,548 | )
Total equity attributable to common shareholders | 831,348 |  |  | 733,067 |
Noncontrolling interests | 4,813 |  |  | 4,489 |
Total equity | 836,161 |  |  | 737,556 |
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest and equity | $ | 2,762,987 |  |  | $ | 2,068,497 |
See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands)

| Six Months Ended
| June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015
Cash flows relating to operating activities |  |  |
Net income | $ | 73,106 |  |  | $ | 80,859 |
Less: Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes | (14 | ) |  | (14 | )
Income from continuing operations | 73,120 |  |  | 80,873 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income from continuing operations to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 57,008 |  |  | 45,516 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs and discounts | 2,291 |  |  | 1,572 |
Stock-based compensation | 22,047 |  |  | 19,873 |
Deferred income taxes | (1,848 | ) |  | 934 |
Gain on venture capital investments | (8,076 | ) |  | (364 | )
Gain on bargain purchase | 16 |  |  | (9,878 | )
Other, net | (2,169 | ) |  | (198 | )
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Trade receivables, net | (27,636 | ) |  | (24,574 | )
Inventories | (1,685 | ) |  | (1,662 | )
Other assets | (3,502 | ) |  | 5,871 |
Accounts payable | 19,723 |  |  | 1,752 |
Accrued compensation | (4,243 | ) |  | (12,757 | )
Deferred revenue | 1,025 |  |  | 422 |
Accrued liabilities | (5,893 | ) |  | 8,795 |
Taxes payable and prepaid taxes | (3,075 | ) |  | (6,696 | )
Other liabilities | (586 | ) |  | (11,873 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities | 116,517 |  |  | 97,606 |
Cash flows relating to investing activities |  |  |
Acquisition of businesses and assets, net of cash acquired | (578,772 | ) |  | (10,680 | )
Capital expenditures | (20,041 | ) |  | (24,556 | )
Purchases of investments | (18,111 | ) |  | (15,174 | )
Proceeds from sale of investments and distributions from venture capital investments | 8,074 |  |  | 11,356 |
Other, net | 4,074 |  |  | 2,566 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (604,776 | ) |  | (36,488 | )
Cash flows relating to financing activities |  |  |
Proceeds from long-term debt and revolving credit facility | 881,975 |  |  | 294,213 |
Proceeds from exercises of stock options | 19,823 |  |  | 35,641 |
Payments on long-term debt, capital lease obligations and revolving credit facility | (375,209 | ) |  | (301,283 | )
Purchase of treasury stock | (12,198 | ) |  | (99,486 | )
Other, net | 4,989 |  |  | 7,188 |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 519,380 |  |  | (63,727 | )
Discontinued operations |  |  |
Net cash used in operating activities from discontinued operations | (782 | ) |  | (927 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 6,299 |  |  | (5,680 | )
Net change in cash and cash equivalents | 36,638 |  |  | (9,216 | )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 117,947 |  |  | 160,023 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 154,585 |  |  | $ | 150,807 |
See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

6

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. | BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and have been prepared by Charles River Laboratories International, Inc. (the Company) in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from the Company’s audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year 2015. The condensed consolidated financial statements, in the opinion of management, reflect all normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position and results of operations.
The Company’s fiscal year is typically based on a 52-week year, with each quarter composed of 13 weeks. A 53-week year will occur during the fiscal year 2016, with an additional week included in the fourth quarter.
Segment Reporting
The Company reports its results in three reportable segments: Research Models and Services (RMS), Discovery and Safety Assessment (DSA), and Manufacturing Support (Manufacturing).
During the three months ended June 25, 2016, the Company acquired WRH, Inc. (WIL Research), a provider of safety assessment and contract development and manufacturing (CDMO) services. WIL Research’s safety assessment business is reported in the Company’s DSA reportable segment and its CDMO business created a new operating segment, Contract Manufacturing, that is reported as part of the Company’s Manufacturing reportable segment. In addition, a change in the Company’s market strategy for certain services and resulting information provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker, totaling $1.4 million of revenue and $0.2 million of operating income for the six months ended June 27, 2015, were reclassified from the Company’s RMS reportable segment to its Manufacturing reportable segment. The Company reported segment results on this basis for all periods presented.
The revised reportable segments are as follows:

Research Models and Services | Discovery and Safety Assessment | Manufacturing Support
Research Models | Discovery Services | Microbial Solutions
Research Model Services | Safety Assessment | Avian
|  | Biologics
|  | Contract Manufacturing

Use of Estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires that the Company make estimates and judgments that may affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest, revenues, expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, judgments and methodologies. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Changes in estimates are reflected in reported results in the period in which they become known.
Consolidation
The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements reflect its financial statements and those of its subsidiaries in which the Company holds a controlling financial interest. For consolidated entities in which the Company owns or is exposed to less than 100% of the economics, the Company records net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests in its consolidated statements of income equal to the percentage of the economic or ownership interest retained in such entities by the respective noncontrolling parties. Intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 1, “Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year 2015.
Newly Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” The standard reduces complexity in several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based compensation, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities and classification on the statement of cash flows. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after
7

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is still evaluating the impact this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases.” The standard established the principles that lessees and lessors will apply to report useful information to users of financial statements about the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from a lease. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is still evaluating the full impact this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures but expects to recognize substantially all of its leases on the balance sheet, by recording a right-to-use asset and a corresponding lease liability.
In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, “Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory,” that simplifies the subsequent measurement of inventories by replacing the current lower of cost or market test with a lower of cost or net realizable value test. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is still evaluating the impact this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” The standard, including subsequently issued amendments, will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective and permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The standard will require an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The standard will be effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company has not yet selected a transition method and is evaluating the impact the adoption will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
2. BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS
Blue Stream Laboratories
On June 27, 2016, the Company acquired Blue Stream Laboratories, Inc. (Blue Stream), an analytical contract research organization (CRO) supporting the development of complex biologics and biosimilars. Combining Blue Stream with the Company’s existing discovery, safety assessment, and biologics capabilities creates a leading provider with the ability to support biologic and biosimilar development from characterization through clinical testing and commercialization. The preliminary purchase price for Blue Stream was approximately $9.2 million in cash, and up to an additional amount of $3.0 million in contingent consideration, and is subject to certain customary adjustments. Due to the limited time between the acquisition date and the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, it is not practicable for the Company to disclose the preliminary allocation of purchase price to assets acquired and liabilities assumed.
WIL Research
On April 4, 2016, the Company acquired WIL Research, a provider of safety assessment and CDMO services to biopharmaceutical and agricultural and industrial chemical companies worldwide. The acquisition enhanced the Company’s position as a leading global early-stage CRO by strengthening its ability to partner with global clients across the drug discovery and development continuum. The purchase price for WIL Research was approximately $604.8 million, including assumed liabilities of $0.4 million. The purchase price includes payment for estimated working capital, which was subject to final adjustment based on the actual working capital of the acquired business. The acquisition was funded by cash on hand and borrowings on the Company’s amended credit facility. See Note 7, “Long-Term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations.” WIL Research’s safety assessment and CDMO businesses are reported in the Company’s DSA and Manufacturing reportable segments, respectively.
8

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The purchase price allocation of $577.4 million, net of $27.4 million of cash acquired, was as follows (in thousands):

| April 4, 2016
| (in thousands)
Trade receivables (contractual amount of $48,625) | $ | 48,157 |
Inventories | 2,296 |
Other current assets (excluding cash) | 4,021 |
Property, plant and equipment | 129,066 |
Other long term assets | 218 |
Definite-lived intangible assets | 167,400 |
Goodwill | 328,778 |
Deferred revenue | (39,103 | )
Other current liabilities | (27,828 | )
Long-term liabilities | (35,614 | )
Total purchase price allocation | $ | 577,391 |

The purchase price allocations were prepared on a preliminary basis and are subject to change as additional information becomes available concerning the fair value and tax basis of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Any additional adjustments to the purchase price allocation will be made as soon as practicable but no later than one year from the date of acquisition.
The breakout of definite-lived intangible assets acquired was as follows:

| Definite-Lived Intangible Assets |  | Weighted Average Amortization Life
| (in thousands) |  | (in years)
Client relationships | $ | 141,400 |  |  | 15
Developed technology | 20,700 |  |  | 3
Backlog | 5,300 |  |  | 1
Total definite-lived intangible assets | $ | 167,400 |  |  |

The goodwill resulting from the transaction, $19.0 million of which is deductible for tax purposes due to a prior asset acquisition, is primarily attributed to the potential growth of the Company’s DSA and Manufacturing businesses from clients introduced through WIL Research, the assembled workforce of the acquired business and expected cost synergies.
The Company incurred transaction and integration costs in connection with the acquisition of $8.4 million and $12.4 million for the three and six months ended June 25, 2016, respectively, which were included in selling, general and administrative expenses.
WIL Research revenue and operating income for both the three and six months ended June 25, 2016 were $55.2 million and $1.0 million, respectively, since WIL Research was acquired on April 4, 2016.
The following selected pro forma consolidated results of operations are presented as if the WIL Research acquisition had occurred as of the beginning of the period immediately preceding the period of acquisition after giving effect to certain adjustments. For the six months ended June 25, 2016, these adjustments included additional amortization of intangible assets and depreciation of fixed assets of $2.7 million, reversal of interest expense on borrowings of $2.6 million, elimination of intercompany activity and other one-time costs, and the tax impacts of these adjustments. For the six months ended June 27, 2015, these adjustments included additional amortization of intangible assets and depreciation of fixed assets of $3.4 million, reversal of interest expense on borrowings of $5.5 million, inclusion of acquisition-related transaction costs of $8.4 million, elimination of intercompany activity and other one-time costs, and the tax impacts of these adjustments.
9

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015 |  | June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015
| (in thousands)
Revenue | $ | 434,917 |  |  | $ | 390,887 |  |  | $ | 849,455 |  |  | $ | 763,723 |
Net income attributable to common shareholders | 44,159 |  |  | 51,164 |  |  | 89,222 |  |  | 77,813 |
Earnings per common share |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 0.94 |  |  | 1.10 |  |  | 1.90 |  |  | 1.67 |
Diluted | 0.92 |  |  | 1.08 |  |  | 1.87 |  |  | 1.63 |

These pro forma results of operations have been prepared for comparative purposes only, and they do not purport to be indicative of the results of operations that actually would have resulted had the acquisition occurred on the date indicated or that may result in the future. No effect has been given for synergies, if any, that may have been realized through the acquisition.
Oncotest
On November 18, 2015, the Company acquired Oncotest GmbH (Oncotest), a German CRO providing discovery services for oncology, one of the largest therapeutic areas for biopharmaceutical research and development spending. With this acquisition, the Company expanded its oncology services capabilities, enabling it to provide clients with access to a more comprehensive portfolio of technologies, including patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and syngeneic models. The purchase price for Oncotest was approximately $36.0 million, including $0.3 million in contingent consideration. The acquisition was funded by borrowings on the Company's revolving credit facility. The business is reported in the Company’s DSA reportable segment.
The contingent consideration is a one-time payment that could become payable based on the achievement of a revenue target for the fiscal year 2016. If achieved, the payment will become due in the first quarter of the fiscal year 2017. The aggregate, undiscounted amount of contingent consideration that the Company may pay is €2.0 million ($2.2 million as of June 25, 2016). The Company estimated the fair value of this contingent consideration based on a probability-weighted set of outcomes.
The purchase price allocation of $35.4 million, net of $0.6 million of cash acquired, was as follows:

| November 18, 2015
| (in thousands)
Trade receivables (contractual amount of $3,546) | $ | 3,520 |
Inventories | 129 |
Other current assets (excluding cash) | 706 |
Property, plant and equipment | 2,528 |
Definite-lived intangible assets | 13,330 |
Goodwill | 22,894 |
Other long-term assets | 250 |
Current liabilities | (3,456 | )
Long-term liabilities | (4,470 | )
Total purchase price allocation | $ | 35,431 |

The purchase price allocations were prepared on a preliminary basis and are subject to change as additional information becomes available concerning the fair value and tax basis of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Any additional adjustments to the purchase price allocation will be made as soon as practicable but no later than one year from the date of acquisition.
10

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The breakout of definite-lived intangible assets acquired was as follows:

| Definite-Lived Intangible Assets |  | Weighted Average Amortization Life
| (in thousands) |  | (in years)
Client relationships | $ | 7,146 |  |  | 19
Developed technology | 5,960 |  |  | 19
Other intangible assets | 224 |  |  | 3
Total definite-lived intangible assets | $ | 13,330 |  |  |

The goodwill resulting from the transaction is primarily attributed to the potential growth in the Company's DSA businesses from customers and technology introduced through Oncotest, the assembled workforce of the acquired business and expected cost synergies. The goodwill attributable to Oncotest is not deductible for tax purposes.
The Company incurred insignificant transaction and integration costs in connection with the acquisition for the three and six months ended June 25, 2016 and June 27, 2015, which were included in selling, general and administrative expenses.
Celsis
On July 24, 2015, the Company acquired Celsis Group Limited (Celsis), a leading provider of rapid testing systems for non-sterile bacterial contamination for the biopharmaceutical and consumer products industries. The purpose of this acquisition was to enhance the Company’s portfolio of rapid microbial detection products and services with the addition of a rapid bioburden testing product. The purchase price for Celsis was $214.5 million, including assumed debt and certain liabilities of $10.3 million. The acquisition was funded by cash on hand and borrowings on the Company’s revolving credit facility. The business is reported in the Company’s Manufacturing reportable segment.
The purchase price allocation of $212.2 million, net of $2.3 million of cash acquired, was as follows:

| July 24, 2015
| (in thousands)
Trade receivables (contractual amount of $5,410) | $ | 5,288 |
Inventories | 10,103 |
Other current assets (excluding cash) | 13,269 |
Property, plant and equipment | 4,639 |
Definite-lived intangible assets | 118,140 |
Goodwill | 105,550 |
Other long-term assets | 537 |
Short-term debt | (9,766 | )
Other current liabilities | (7,136 | )
Long-term liabilities | (28,388 | )
Total purchase price allocation | $ | 212,236 |

The breakout of definite-lived intangible assets acquired was as follows:

| Definite-Lived Intangible Assets |  | Weighted Average Amortization Life
| (in thousands) |  | (in years)
Client relationships | $ | 71,000 |  |  | 16
Developed technology | 39,140 |  |  | 14
Trademark and trade names | 5,200 |  |  | 14
Non-compete | 2,800 |  |  | 5
Total definite-lived intangible assets | $ | 118,140 |  |  |

The goodwill resulting from the transaction is primarily attributed to the potential growth of the Company’s Manufacturing business from clients introduced through Celsis, the assembled workforce of the acquired business and expected cost synergies. The goodwill attributable to Celsis is not deductible for tax purposes.
11

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The Company incurred transaction and integration costs in connection with the acquisition of $0.6 million and $0.9 million for the three and six months ended June 25, 2016, respectively, and of $3.5 million for both the three and six months ended June 27, 2015, which were included in selling, general and administrative expenses.
Sunrise
On May 5, 2015, the Company acquired Sunrise Farms, Inc. (Sunrise), a producer of specific-pathogen-free fertile chicken eggs and chickens used in the manufacture of live viruses. The purpose of this business acquisition was to expand the capabilities of the Company’s existing Avian Vaccine Services business. The purchase price of the acquisition was $9.6 million and was funded by cash on hand and borrowings on the Company's revolving credit facility. The business is reported in the Company's Manufacturing reportable segment.
The Company recorded a bargain purchase gain of $9.8 million, which represents the excess of the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired over the preliminary purchase price. The bargain purchase gain was recorded in other income (expense), net, in the Company’s consolidated statement of income and was not recognized for tax purposes. The Company believes there were several factors that contributed to this transaction resulting in a bargain purchase gain, including the highly specialized nature of Sunrise’s business falling outside of the seller’s core activities and a limited pool of potential buyers.
Before recognizing the gain from the bargain purchase, the Company reassessed its initial identification and valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed to validate that all assets and liabilities that the Company was able to identify at the acquisition date were properly recognized.
The purchase price allocation of $9.6 million, net of less than $0.1 million of cash acquired, was as follows:

| May 5, 2015
| (in thousands)
Trade receivables (contractual amount of $995) | $ | 965 |
Inventories | 1,518 |
Other current assets (excluding cash) | 973 |
Property, plant and equipment | 13,698 |
Definite-lived intangible assets | 3,400 |
Current liabilities | (925 | )
Long-term liabilities | (250 | )
Fair value of net assets acquired | 19,379 |
Bargain purchase gain | (9,821 | )
Total purchase price allocation | $ | 9,558 |

The identifiable definite-lived intangible assets acquired represent the client relationships intangible, which is being amortized over the estimated useful life of approximately 15 years.
The Company incurred insignificant transaction and integration costs in connection with the acquisition for the three and six months ended June 25, 2016 and June 27, 2015, which were included in selling, general and administrative expenses.
3. SUPPLEMENTAL BALANCE SHEET INFORMATION
The composition of trade receivables, net is as follows:

| June 25, 2016 |  | December 26, 2015
| (in thousands)
Client receivables | $ | 270,334 |  |  | $ | 230,010 |
Unbilled revenue | 77,505 |  |  | 45,996 |
Total | 347,839 |  |  | 276,006 |
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts | (2,300 | ) |  | (5,938 | )
Trade receivables, net | $ | 345,539 |  |  | $ | 270,068 |

12

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The composition of inventories is as follows:

| June 25, 2016 |  | December 26, 2015
| (in thousands)
Raw materials and supplies | $ | 17,616 |  |  | $ | 15,998 |
Work in process | 13,331 |  |  | 12,101 |
Finished products | 67,169 |  |  | 65,636 |
Inventories | $ | 98,116 |  |  | $ | 93,735 |

The composition of other current assets is as follows:

| June 25, 2016 |  | December 26, 2015
| (in thousands)
Investments | $ | 25,046 |  |  | $ | 20,516 |
Prepaid income taxes | 40,854 |  |  | 26,350 |
Restricted cash | 561 |  |  | 271 |
Other | 148 |  |  | 149 |
Other current assets | $ | 66,609 |  |  | $ | 47,286 |

The composition of other assets is as follows:

| June 25, 2016 |  | December 26, 2015
| (in thousands)
Life insurance policies | $ | 27,604 |  |  | $ | 27,554 |
Venture capital investments | 45,920 |  |  | 32,730 |
Restricted cash | 1,763 |  |  | 1,745 |
Other | 9,400 |  |  | 9,614 |
Other assets | $ | 84,687 |  |  | $ | 71,643 |

The composition of other current liabilities is as follows:

| June 25, 2016 |  | December 26, 2015
| (in thousands)
Accrued income taxes | $ | 22,595 |  |  | $ | 12,168 |
Accrued interest and other | 1,276 |  |  | 376 |
Other current liabilities | $ | 23,871 |  |  | $ | 12,544 |

The composition of other long-term liabilities is as follows:

| June 25, 2016 |  | December 26, 2015
| (in thousands)
Long-term pension liability | $ | 34,461 |  |  | $ | 34,604 |
Accrued executive supplemental life insurance retirement plan and deferred compensation plan | 30,906 |  |  | 30,188 |
Other | 30,852 |  |  | 24,270 |
Other long-term liabilities | $ | 96,219 |  |  | $ | 89,062 |

4. VENTURE CAPITAL INVESTMENTS AND MARKETABLE SECURITIES
Venture Capital Investments
The Company invests in several venture capital funds that invest in start-up companies, primarily in the life sciences industry. The Company’s ownership interest in these funds ranges from 2.7% to 12.0%. The Company accounts for the investments in limited liability partnerships (LLP), which are variable interest entities, under the equity or cost method of accounting. The
13

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Company is not the primary beneficiary because it has no power to direct the activities that most significantly affect the LLP’s economic performance. The Company accounts for the investments in limited liability companies, which are not variable interest entities, under the equity method of accounting.
The Company’s total commitments to the entities as of June 25, 2016 were $80.6 million, of which the Company funded $34.0 million through June 25, 2016. During the three and six months ended June 25, 2016, the Company received no dividends from the entities. During the three and six months ended June 27, 2015, the Company received dividends totaling $2.1 million. The Company recognized a gain of $5.0 million and a loss of $0.9 million related to these investments for the three months ended June 25, 2016 and June 27, 2015, respectively.
Marketable Securities
The following is a summary of the Company's marketable securities, all of which are classified as available-for-sale:

| June 25, 2016
| Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
| (in thousands)
Mutual fund | $ | 4,650 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (23 | ) |  | $ | 4,627 |
Total | $ | 4,650 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (23 | ) |  | $ | 4,627 |

| December 26, 2015
| Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
| (in thousands)
Mutual fund | $ | 4,650 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (141 | ) |  | $ | 4,509 |
Total | $ | 4,650 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (141 | ) |  | $ | 4,509 |

There were no sales of available-for-sale securities during the six months ended June 25, 2016 or June 27, 2015.
5. FAIR VALUE
The Company has certain assets, liabilities and redeemable noncontrolling interest recorded at fair value, which have been classified as Level 1, 2, or 3 within the fair value hierarchy:

• | Level 1 - Fair values are determined utilizing prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access.

• | Level 2 - Fair values are determined by utilizing quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in active markets or other market observable inputs such as interest rates, yield curves and foreign currency spot rates.

• | Level 3 - Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

The fair value hierarchy level is determined by asset, liability and redeemable noncontrolling interest class based on the lowest level of significant input. The observability of inputs may change for certain assets or liabilities. This condition could cause an asset or liability to be reclassified between levels. The Company recognizes transfers between levels within the fair value hierarchy, if any, at the end of each quarter. During the six months ended June 25, 2016 and June 27, 2015, there were no transfers between levels.
Valuation methodologies used for assets, liabilities and the redeemable noncontrolling interest measured or disclosed at fair value are as follows:

• | Cash equivalents - Valued at market prices determined through third-party pricing services.

• | Mutual funds - Valued at the unadjusted quoted net asset value of shares held by the Company.

• | Foreign currency forward contracts - Valued using market observable inputs, such as forward foreign exchange points and foreign exchanges rates.

• | Life insurance policies - Valued at cash surrender value based on the fair value of underlying investments.

• | Contingent consideration - Valued based on a probability weighting of the future cash flows associated with the potential outcomes.

14

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

• | Redeemable noncontrolling interest - Valued using the income approach based on estimated future cash flows of the underlying business discounted by a weighted average cost of capital.

Assets, liabilities and redeemable noncontrolling interest measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:

| June 25, 2016
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
| (in thousands)
Cash equivalents | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,962 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,962 |
Other current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds | 4,627 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,627 |
Other assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Life insurance policies | — |  |  | 20,321 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,321 |
Total assets measured at fair value | $ | 4,627 |  |  | $ | 26,283 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 30,910 |
Other current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent consideration | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,309 |  |  | $ | 1,309 |
Redeemable noncontrolling interest | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25,824 |  |  | 25,824 |
Total liabilities and redeemable noncontrolling interest measured at fair value | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 27,133 |  |  | $ | 27,133 |

| December 26, 2015
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
| (in thousands)
Cash equivalents | $ | — |  |  | $ | 190 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 190 |
Other current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds | 4,509 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,509 |
Foreign currency forward contracts | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |
Other assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Life insurance policies | — |  |  | 20,364 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,364 |
Total assets measured at fair value | $ | 4,509 |  |  | $ | 20,569 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 25,078 |
Other current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent consideration | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,172 |  |  | $ | 1,172 |
Other long-term liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent consideration | — |  |  | — |  |  | 198 |  |  | 198 |
Redeemable noncontrolling interest | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28,008 |  |  | 28,008 |
Total liabilities and redeemable noncontrolling interest measured at fair value | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 29,378 |  |  | $ | 29,378 |

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
The Company’s redeemable noncontrolling interest resulted from the acquisition of a 75% ownership interest in Vital River in January 2013. Concurrent with the acquisition, the Company entered into an agreement with the noncontrolling interest holders that provides the Company with the right to purchase, and the noncontrolling interest holders with the right to sell, the remaining 25% of the entity for cash at its then appraised value beginning in January 2016. These rights are accelerated if certain conditions are met. As the noncontrolling interest holders can require the Company to purchase the remaining 25% interest, the noncontrolling interest is classified in the mezzanine section of the condensed consolidated balance sheet, which is above the equity section and below liabilities.
15

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The following table provides a rollforward of the fair value of the Company’s redeemable noncontrolling interest related to the acquisition of Vital River.

| Six Months Ended
| June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015
| (in thousands)
Beginning balance | $ | 28,008 |  |  | $ | 28,419 |
Additions | — |  |  | — |
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized): |  |  |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | 320 |  |  | 364 |
Foreign currency translation | (653 | ) |  | 112 |
Change in fair value, included in additional paid-in capital | (1,851 | ) |  | 1,081 |
Ending balance | $ | 25,824 |  |  | $ | 29,976 |

As of June 25, 2016, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s redeemable noncontrolling interest are the estimated future cash flows based on projected financial data and a discount rate of 18.0%. Significant changes in the timing or amounts of the estimated future cash flows would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement. Significant increases or decreases in the discount rate would result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement, respectively. A 1% increase in the discount rate used would result in a $1.6 million decrease in the fair value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest.
On July 7, 2016, the Company purchased an additional 12% equity interest in Vital River for $10.8 million, resulting in total ownership of 87%. Concurrent with the transaction, the original agreement was amended providing the Company with the right to purchase, and the noncontrolling interest holders with the right to sell, the remaining 13% equity interest at a contractually defined redemption value. These rights are exercisable beginning in 2019 and are accelerated in certain events.
Contingent Consideration
The following table provides a rollforward of the contingent consideration related to the business acquisitions.

| Six Months Ended
| June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015
| (in thousands)
Beginning balance | $ | 1,370 |  |  | $ | 2,828 |
Additions | 600 |  |  | 675 |
Payments | (674 | ) |  | — |
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized): |  |  |
Reversal of previously recorded contingent liability and change in fair value | 13 |  |  | (672 | )
Ending balance | $ | 1,309 |  |  | $ | 2,831 |

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s contingent consideration are the probabilities of successful achievement of certain financial targets and a discount rate. Significant increases or decreases in any of the probabilities of success would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement, respectively. Significant increases or decreases in the discount rate would result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement, respectively.
Debt Instruments
The book value of the Company’s term and revolving loans, which are variable rate loans carried at amortized cost, approximates the fair value based on current market pricing of similar debt. As the fair value is based on significant other observable inputs, including current interest and foreign currency exchange rates, it is deemed to be Level 2.
16

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
6. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
The following table provides a rollforward of the Company’s goodwill:

|  |  | Adjustments to Goodwill |  |
| December 26, 2015 |  | Acquisitions |  | Transfers |  | Foreign Exchange |  | June 25, 2016
| (in thousands)
RMS | $ | 58,167 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (342 | ) |  | $ | (409 | ) |  | $ | 57,416 |
DSA | 247,050 |  |  | 270,272 |  |  | — |  |  | (7,283 | ) |  | 510,039 |
Manufacturing | 133,612 |  |  | 58,676 |  |  | 342 |  |  | (5,160 | ) |  | 187,470 |
Total | $ | 438,829 |  |  | $ | 328,948 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (12,852 | ) |  | $ | 754,925 |

During the three months ended June 25, 2016, the Company revised the composition of its reportable segments to align with the view of the business following its acquisition of WIL Research. See Note 1, "Basis of Presentation." As a result of this reorganization, goodwill was allocated from the Company's RMS reportable segment to its Manufacturing reportable segment, as shown in the preceding table within "transfers." The allocation was based on the fair value of each business group within its original reporting unit relative to the fair value of that reporting unit. In addition, the Company completed an assessment of any potential goodwill impairment for all reporting units immediately prior to the reallocation and determined that no impairment existed.
Intangibles Assets, Net
The following table displays intangible assets, net by major class:

| June 25, 2016 |  | December 26, 2015
| Gross |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net |  | Gross |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net
| (in thousands)
Backlog | $ | 7,050 |  |  | $ | (2,886 | ) |  | $ | 4,164 |  |  | $ | 50,568 |  |  | $ | (50,554 | ) |  | $ | 14 |
Technology | 75,765 |  |  | (9,190 | ) |  | 66,575 |  |  | 60,350 |  |  | (5,911 | ) |  | 54,439 |
Trademarks and trade names | 8,709 |  |  | (3,935 | ) |  | 4,774 |  |  | 11,495 |  |  | (5,944 | ) |  | 5,551 |
Other | 11,534 |  |  | (4,752 | ) |  | 6,782 |  |  | 14,711 |  |  | (7,285 | ) |  | 7,426 |
Other intangible assets | 103,058 |  |  | (20,763 | ) |  | 82,295 |  |  | 137,124 |  |  | (69,694 | ) |  | 67,430 |
Client relationships | 528,814 |  |  | (195,913 | ) |  | 332,901 |  |  | 396,537 |  |  | (183,163 | ) |  | 213,374 |
Intangible assets | $ | 631,872 |  |  | $ | (216,676 | ) |  | $ | 415,196 |  |  | $ | 533,661 |  |  | $ | (252,857 | ) |  | $ | 280,804 |

During the three months ended March 26, 2016, the Company determined that the carrying values of certain DSA intangible assets were not recoverable and recorded an impairment charge of $1.9 million, which was included in costs of services provided (excluding amortization of intangible assets).
7. LONG-TERM DEBT AND CAPITAL LEASE OBLIGATIONS
Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt, net consists of the following:

| June 25, 2016 |  | December 26, 2015
| (in thousands)
Term loans | $ | 650,000 |  |  | $ | 390,000 |
Revolving credit facility | 692,877 |  |  | 446,041 |
Other long-term debt | 195 |  |  | 193 |
Total debt | 1,343,072 |  |  | 836,234 |
Less: current portion of long-term debt | (32,695 | ) |  | (15,193 | )
Long-term debt | 1,310,377 |  |  | 821,041 |
Debt discount and debt issuance costs | (8,173 | ) |  | (6,805 | )
Long-term debt, net | $ | 1,302,204 |  |  | $ | 814,236 |

17

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
In April 2015, the Company amended and restated the $970M Credit Facility, creating a $1.3 billion facility ($1.3B Credit Facility) that provides for a $400.0 million term loan and a $900.0 million multi-currency revolving facility. The interest rates applicable to term loans and revolving loans under the Company’s $1.3B Credit Facility were, at the Company’s option, equal to either the alternate base rate (which is the higher of (1) the prime rate, (2) the federal funds rate plus 0.5% or (3) the one-month adjusted LIBOR rate plus 1%), or the adjusted LIBOR rate plus an interest rate margin based upon the Company’s leverage ratio.
On March 30, 2016, the Company amended and restated its $1.3B credit facility creating a $1.65 billion credit facility ($1.65B Credit Facility) which (1) extends the maturity date for the credit facility and (2) makes certain other amendments in connection with the Company’s acquisition of WIL Research. The amendment was accounted for as a debt modification with a partial extinguishment of debt. In connection with the transaction, the Company capitalized approximately $3.3 million and expensed approximately $1.4 million of debt issuance costs.
The $1.65B Credit Facility provides for a $650.0 million term loan and a $1.0 billion multi-currency revolving facility. The term loan facility matures in 19 quarterly installments with the last installment due March 30, 2021. The revolving facility matures on March 30, 2021, and requires no scheduled payment before that date. Under specified circumstances, the Company has the ability to increase the term loan and/or revolving line of credit by up to $500 million in the aggregate.
The interest rates applicable to term loan and revolving loans under the $1.65B Credit Facility are, at the Company’s option, equal to either the base rate (which is the higher of (1) the prime rate, (2) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, or (3) the one-month adjusted LIBOR rate plus 1%) or the adjusted LIBOR rate plus an interest rate margin based upon the Company’s leverage ratio. As of June 25, 2016 and December 26, 2015, the weighted average interest rate on the Company’s debt was 1.86% and 1.33%, respectively.
The $1.65B Credit Facility includes certain customary representations and warranties, events of default, notices of material adverse changes to the Company’s business and negative and affirmative covenants. These covenants include (1) maintenance of a ratio of consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) less capital expenditures to consolidated cash interest expense, for any period of four consecutive fiscal quarters, of no less than 4.25 to 1.0 with step downs to 3.50 to 1.0 by the last day of the fourth fiscal quarter of 2017 as well as (2) maintenance of a ratio of consolidated indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA for any period of four consecutive fiscal quarters, of no more than 3.50 to 1.0. As of June 25, 2016, the Company was compliant with all covenants.
The obligations of the Company under the $1.65B Credit Facility are collateralized by substantially all of the assets of the Company.
Letters of Credit
As of June 25, 2016 and December 26, 2015, the Company had $5.1 million and $4.9 million in outstanding letters of credit, respectively.
Capital Lease Obligations
The Company’s capital lease obligations amounted to $30.1 million and $33.6 million as of June 25, 2016 and December 26, 2015, respectively.
18

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
8. EQUITY
Earnings Per Share
The following table reconciles the numerator and denominator in the computations of basic and diluted earnings per share:

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015 |  | June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015
| (in thousands)
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income from continuing operations, net of income taxes | $ | 35,545 |  |  | $ | 49,252 |  |  | $ | 73,120 |  |  | $ | 80,873 |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes | 12 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | (14 | ) |  | (14 | )
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 350 |  |  | 736 |  |  | 756 |  |  | 809 |
Net income attributable to common shareholders | $ | 35,207 |  |  | $ | 48,509 |  |  | $ | 72,350 |  |  | $ | 80,050 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average shares outstanding - Basic | 47,061 |  |  | 46,675 |  |  | 46,852 |  |  | 46,712 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock options, restricted stock units, performance share units and restricted stock | 858 |  |  | 875 |  |  | 939 |  |  | 1,006 |
Weighted-average shares outstanding - Diluted | 47,919 |  |  | 47,550 |  |  | 47,791 |  |  | 47,718 |

Options to purchase approximately 0.8 million and 0.5 million shares for the three months ended June 25, 2016 and June 27, 2015, respectively, as well as an insignificant number of restricted stock, restricted stock units (RSUs) and performance share units (PSUs) were not included in computing diluted earnings per share because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. Options to purchase approximately 0.9 million and 0.5 million shares for the six months ended June 25, 2016 and June 27, 2015, respectively, as well as an insignificant number of restricted stock, RSUs and PSUs were not included in computing diluted earnings per share because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. Basic weighted average shares outstanding for both the six months ended June 25, 2016 and June 27, 2015 excluded the impact of approximately 1.1 million shares.
Treasury Shares
During the six months ended June 25, 2016, the Company did not repurchase any shares under its authorized stock repurchase program. The Company repurchased approximately 1.2 million shares for $90.8 million in the six months ended June 27, 2015. As of June 25, 2016, the Company had $69.7 million remaining on the authorized stock repurchase program. The Company’s stock-based compensation plans permit the netting of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock, RSUs and PSUs in order to satisfy individual minimum statutory tax withholding requirements. During the six months ended June 25, 2016 and June 27, 2015, the Company acquired approximately 0.2 million shares for $12.2 million and approximately 0.1 million shares for $8.7 million, respectively.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Changes to each component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of income taxes, are as follows:

| Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment and Other |  | Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Plans |  | Total
| (in thousands)
December 26, 2015 | $ | (82,977 | ) |  | $ | (52,571 | ) |  | $ | (135,548 | )
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications | (15,145 | ) |  | — |  |  | (15,145 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  |  | 785 |  |  | 785 |
Net current period other comprehensive income | (15,145 | ) |  | 785 |  |  | (14,360 | )
Income tax expense | — |  |  | 284 |  |  | 284 |
June 25, 2016 | $ | (98,122 | ) |  | $ | (52,070 | ) |  | $ | (150,192 | )

19

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Foreign currency translation and other includes an insignificant amount of unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale marketable securities.
Nonredeemable Noncontrolling Interests
The Company has investments in several entities, whose financial results are consolidated in the Company’s financial statements, as it has a controlling financial interest in these entities. The interests of the respective noncontrolling parties in these entities have been recorded as noncontrolling interests. The activity within the nonredeemable noncontrolling interests was insignificant during the three and six months ended June 25, 2016 and June 27, 2015.
9. INCOME TAXES
The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended June 25, 2016 and June 27, 2015 was 34.6% and 18.4%, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate was 31.0% and 12.4% for each of the six months ended June 25, 2016 and June 27, 2015, respectively. For the three months ended June 25, 2016, the increase was primarily attributable to nondeductible transaction costs associated with the acquisition of WIL Research, the accrual of withholding taxes in order to access cash from the Company’s Canadian and Chinese operations for use outside of the U.S., and a prior year non-taxable bargain purchase gain of $9.9 million associated with the acquisition of Sunrise. For the six months ended June 25, 2016, the increase reflects the items above as well as a prior year reduction in unrecognized tax benefits and related interest of $10.4 million due to the expiration of the statute of limitations associated with pre-acquisition tax positions on forgiveness of debt.
During the three months ended June 25, 2016, the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits increased by $1.9 million to $25.3 million, primarily due to pre-acquisition tax positions taken by WIL Research, as well as an additional quarter of Canadian Scientific Research and Experimental Development credit reserves offset by positive foreign exchange movement. The amount of unrecognized income tax benefits that would impact the effective tax rate increased by $2.1 million to $22.2 million. The amount of accrued interest on unrecognized tax benefits was $1.4 million at June 25, 2016. The Company estimates that it is reasonably possible that the unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by up to $3.0 million over the next twelve-month period, primarily as a result of the outcome of a pending tax ruling and competent authority ruling.
The Company conducts business in a number of tax jurisdictions. As a result, it is subject to tax audits in jurisdictions including the U.S., U.K., China, Japan, France, Germany and Canada. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. and international income tax examinations for years before 2012.
The Company and certain of its subsidiaries have ongoing tax controversies with various tax authorities in the U.S., Canada, China and France. The Company does not believe that resolution of these controversies will have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.
In accordance with the Company’s policy, the remaining undistributed earnings of its non-U.S. subsidiaries remain indefinitely reinvested as of the end of the three months ended June 25, 2016 as they are required to fund needs outside the U.S. and cannot be repatriated in a manner that is substantially tax free.
Income tax expense related to change in unrecognized pension gains, losses and prior service costs was $0.1 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended June 25, 2016 and June 27, 2015, respectively. Income tax expense related to change in unrecognized pension gains, losses, and prior service costs was $0.3 million and $0.5 million for the six months ended June 25, 2016 and June 27, 2015, respectively.
10. PENSION AND OTHER POST-RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS
The following table provides the components of net periodic cost (benefit) for the Company’s pension plans for the three months ended June 25, 2016 and June 27, 2015:

| Pension Plans
| June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015
| (in thousands)
Service cost | $ | 639 |  |  | $ | 1,150 |
Interest cost | 3,220 |  |  | 3,336 |
Expected return on plan assets | (3,998 | ) |  | (4,382 | )
Amortization of prior service credit | (144 | ) |  | (150 | )
Amortization of net loss | 545 |  |  | 911 |
Net periodic cost | $ | 262 |  |  | $ | 865 |

20

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The following table provides the components of net periodic cost (benefit) for the Company’s pension plans for the six months ended June 25, 2016 and June 27, 2015:

| Pension Plans
| June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015
| (in thousands)
Service cost | $ | 1,193 |  |  | $ | 2,299 |
Interest cost | 6,584 |  |  | 6,671 |
Expected return on plan assets | (7,990 | ) |  | (8,764 | )
Amortization of prior service credit | (288 | ) |  | (301 | )
Amortization of net loss | 1,091 |  |  | 1,791 |
Net periodic cost | $ | 590 |  |  | $ | 1,696 |

The net periodic cost for the Company’s other post-retirement benefit plan for the three and six months ended June 25, 2016 and June 27, 2015 was insignificant.
11. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
The Company has stock-based compensation plans under which employees and non-employee directors may be granted stock-based awards such as stock options, restricted stock, RSUs and PSUs.
The following table provides stock-based compensation by the financial statement line item in which it is reflected:

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015 |  | June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015
| (in thousands)
Cost of revenue | $ | 1,667 |  |  | $ | 1,788 |  |  | $ | 3,349 |  |  | $ | 3,289 |
Selling, general and administrative | 10,439 |  |  | 8,411 |  |  | 18,698 |  |  | 16,584 |
Stock-based compensation, before income taxes | 12,106 |  |  | 10,199 |  |  | 22,047 |  |  | 19,873 |
Provision for income taxes | (4,354 | ) |  | (3,619 | ) |  | (7,868 | ) |  | (7,004 | )
Stock-based compensation, net of income taxes | $ | 7,752 |  |  | $ | 6,580 |  |  | $ | 14,179 |  |  | $ | 12,869 |

During the six months ended June 25, 2016, the Company issued approximately 0.6 million stock options with a per share weighted average grant date fair value of $15.09, approximately 0.2 million RSUs with a per share weighted average grant date fair value of $74.86 and approximately 0.2 million PSUs with a per share weighted average grant date fair value of $79.81. The maximum number of common shares to be issued upon vesting of PSUs granted during the six months ended June 25, 2016 is approximately 0.4 million.
12. FOREIGN CURRENCY CONTRACTS
The Company enters into foreign exchange forward contracts to limit its foreign currency exposure related to intercompany loans that are not of a long-term investment nature. These contracts are recorded at fair value in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet and are not designated as hedging instruments. Any gains or losses on such contracts are immediately recognized in other income (expense), net, and are largely offset by the remeasurement of the underlying intercompany loan balances.
The notional amount and fair value of the Company’s foreign currency forward contracts at December 26, 2015 was as follows:

Notional Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Balance Sheet Location
(in thousands)
$ | 88,483 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | Other Current Assets

No foreign currency contracts were open at June 25, 2016.
21

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The following table summarizes gains recognized on foreign exchange forward contracts related to intercompany loans denominated in Euros on the Company’s consolidated statement of income:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
Location of Gain (Loss) |  | June 25, 2016 |  | June 25, 2016
|  | (in thousands)
Other income (expense), net |  | $ | 1,130 |  |  | $ | 3,373 |

The Company had no such contracts during the six months ended June 27, 2015.
13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Litigation
Various lawsuits, claims and proceedings of a nature considered normal to its business are pending against the Company. While the outcome of any of these proceedings cannot be accurately predicted, the Company does not believe the ultimate resolution of any of these existing matters would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business or financial condition.
In July 2015, IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. and IDEXX Distribution, Inc. (collectively, IDEXX) filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware alleging the Company has infringed three recently issued patents related to a blood spot sample collection method used in determining the presence or absence of an infectious disease in a population of rodents. On September 21, 2015, the Company timely filed a motion to dismiss the complaint on the grounds that all of the claims are directed to unpatentable subject matter and therefore are invalid. On October 7, 2015, IDEXX filed an amended complaint, which substantially asserts the same patents and infringement allegations as asserted in the original complaint, and on October 26, 2015, the Company timely filed a motion to dismiss this amended complaint. The hearing on the motion to dismiss was held on January 12, 2016. On July 1, 2016, the Court issued an opinion denying the motion to dismiss. The Company filed its answer to the complaint on July 21, 2016. In addition, on July 29, 2016, the Company initiated an inter partes review (IPR) procedure with the United States Patent and Trademark Office challenging the validity of the IDEXX patents. While no prediction may be made as to the outcome of litigation or the IPR, the Company intends to defend against this proceeding vigorously and therefore an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss cannot be made.
In May 2013, the Company commenced an investigation into inaccurate billing with respect to certain government contracts. The Company promptly reported these matters to the relevant government contracting officers, the Department of Health and Human Services’ Office of the Inspector General, and the Department of Justice, and the Company is cooperating with these agencies to ensure the proper repayment and resolution of this matter. The Company has identified approximately $1.5 million of excess amounts billed on these contracts since January 1, 2007, and has recorded a liability for such amount as of June 25, 2016, as this represents the Company’s best estimate. Because of the ongoing discussions with the government and the complex nature of this matter, the Company believes it is reasonably possible that additional losses may be incurred but cannot at this time make a reasonable estimate of the potential range of loss beyond such estimated liability.
Lease Commitments
During the six months ended June 25, 2016, the Company assumed or entered into new lease agreements or exercised options to extend the lease terms for certain existing leases. As a result, the Company’s lease obligations through June 25, 2016 increased by $17.6 million.
14. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company revised the composition of its reportable segments during the three months ended June 25, 2016. See Note 1, “Basis of Presentation.” The Company reported segment results on this basis retrospectively for all comparable prior periods presented.
22

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The following table presents revenue and other financial information by reportable segment:

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015 |  | June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015
| (in thousands)
RMS |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue | $ | 125,058 |  |  | $ | 119,287 |  |  | $ | 248,397 |  |  | $ | 238,676 |
Operating income | 35,445 |  |  | 33,304 |  |  | 71,831 |  |  | 62,154 |
Depreciation and amortization | 5,118 |  |  | 5,308 |  |  | 10,368 |  |  | 11,311 |
Capital expenditures | 2,381 |  |  | 6,356 |  |  | 3,434 |  |  | 9,089 |
DSA |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue | $ | 221,059 |  |  | $ | 153,375 |  |  | $ | 379,042 |  |  | $ | 293,387 |
Operating income | 32,381 |  |  | 28,149 |  |  | 63,211 |  |  | 51,665 |
Depreciation and amortization | 18,600 |  |  | 12,412 |  |  | 30,557 |  |  | 23,551 |
Capital expenditures | 4,644 |  |  | 4,101 |  |  | 9,351 |  |  | 9,479 |
Manufacturing |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue | $ | 87,938 |  |  | $ | 66,911 |  |  | $ | 161,484 |  |  | $ | 127,924 |
Operating income | 27,121 |  |  | 20,588 |  |  | 46,736 |  |  | 37,381 |
Depreciation and amortization | 6,525 |  |  | 3,649 |  |  | 12,501 |  |  | 6,977 |
Capital expenditures | 4,256 |  |  | 1,770 |  |  | 6,385 |  |  | 3,336 |

For the three months ended June 25, 2016 and June 27, 2015, reconciliations of segment operating income, depreciation and amortization and capital expenditures to the respective consolidated amounts are as follows:

| Operating Income |  | Depreciation and Amortization |  | Capital Expenditures
| June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015 |  | June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015 |  | June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015
| (in thousands)
Total reportable segments | $ | 94,947 |  |  | $ | 82,041 |  |  | $ | 30,243 |  |  | $ | 21,369 |  |  | $ | 11,281 |  |  | $ | 12,227 |
Unallocated corporate | (36,886 | ) |  | (26,306 | ) |  | 2,110 |  |  | 1,779 |  |  | 510 |  |  | 1,681 |
Total consolidated | $ | 58,061 |  |  | $ | 55,735 |  |  | $ | 32,353 |  |  | $ | 23,148 |  |  | $ | 11,791 |  |  | $ | 13,908 |

For the six months ended June 25, 2016 and June 27, 2015, reconciliations of segment operating income, depreciation and amortization and capital expenditures to the respective consolidated amounts are as follows:

| Operating Income |  | Depreciation and Amortization |  | Capital Expenditures
| June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015 |  | June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015 |  | June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015
| (in thousands)
Total reportable segments | $ | 181,778 |  |  | $ | 151,200 |  |  | $ | 53,426 |  |  | $ | 41,839 |  |  | $ | 19,170 |  |  | $ | 21,904 |
Unallocated corporate | (72,245 | ) |  | (52,460 | ) |  | 3,582 |  |  | 3,677 |  |  | 871 |  |  | 2,652 |
Total consolidated | $ | 109,533 |  |  | $ | 98,740 |  |  | $ | 57,008 |  |  | $ | 45,516 |  |  | $ | 20,041 |  |  | $ | 24,556 |

Revenue for each significant product or service offering is as follows:

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015 |  | June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015
| (in thousands) |  |  |  |
RMS | $ | 125,058 |  |  | $ | 119,287 |  |  | $ | 248,397 |  |  | $ | 238,676 |
DSA | 221,059 |  |  | 153,375 |  |  | 379,042 |  |  | 293,387 |
Manufacturing | 87,938 |  |  | 66,911 |  |  | 161,484 |  |  | 127,924 |
Total revenue | $ | 434,055 |  |  | $ | 339,573 |  |  | $ | 788,923 |  |  | $ | 659,987 |

23

CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
A summary of unallocated corporate expense consists of the following:

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015 |  | June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015
| (in thousands)
Stock-based compensation | $ | 7,746 |  |  | $ | 6,419 |  |  | $ | 13,854 |  |  | $ | 12,699 |
Compensation, benefits, and other employee-related expenses | 7,738 |  |  | 7,234 |  |  | 20,279 |  |  | 17,930 |
External consulting and other service expenses | 6,656 |  |  | 3,130 |  |  | 11,832 |  |  | 6,771 |
Information Technology | 2,364 |  |  | 1,685 |  |  | 5,496 |  |  | 3,549 |
Depreciation | 2,111 |  |  | 1,779 |  |  | 3,583 |  |  | 3,677 |
Acquisition and integration | 7,260 |  |  | 3,956 |  |  | 11,023 |  |  | 3,594 |
Other general unallocated corporate | 3,011 |  |  | 2,103 |  |  | 6,178 |  |  | 4,240 |
Total unallocated corporate expense | $ | 36,886 |  |  | $ | 26,306 |  |  | $ | 72,245 |  |  | $ | 52,460 |

Other general unallocated corporate expense consists of various departmental costs including those associated with departments such as senior executives, corporate accounting, legal, tax, human resources, treasury and investor relations.
24

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying footnotes of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our audited consolidated financial statements and related footnotes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year 2015. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ significantly from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause future results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those discussed in “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year 2015. Certain percentage changes may not recalculate due to rounding.
Overview
We are a full service, early-stage contract research organization (CRO). For nearly 70 years, we have been in the business of providing the research models required in research and development of new drugs, devices and therapies. Over this time, we have built upon our original core competency of laboratory animal medicine and science (research model technologies) to develop a diverse portfolio of discovery and safety assessment services, both Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) and non-GLP, that are able to support our clients from target identification through preclinical development. We also provide a suite of products and services to support our clients’ manufacturing activities. Utilizing our broad portfolio of products and services enables our clients to create a more flexible drug development model, which reduces their costs, enhances their productivity and effectiveness, and increases speed to market.
Acquisitions
We continue to make a number of strategic acquisitions designed to expand our portfolio of services. Our 2016 acquisitions include:

• | On April 4, 2016, we acquired WRH, Inc. (WIL Research), a provider of safety assessment and contract development and manufacturing (CDMO) services to biopharmaceutical and agricultural and industrial chemical companies worldwide. The acquisition enhanced our position as a leading global early-stage CRO by strengthening our ability to partner with global clients across the drug discovery and development continuum. The purchase price for WIL Research was approximately $604.8 million, including assumed liabilities of $0.4 million.

• | On June 27, 2016, we acquired Blue Stream Laboratories, Inc. (Blue Stream), an analytical CRO supporting the development of complex biologics and biosimilars. Combining Blue Stream with our existing discovery, safety assessment, and biologics capabilities creates a leading provider with the ability to support biologic and biosimilar development from characterization through clinical testing and commercialization. The preliminary purchase price for Blue Stream was approximately $9.2 million in cash, and up to an additional amount of $3.0 million in contingent consideration, and is subject to certain customary adjustments.

Segment Reporting
We report our performance in three reportable segments: Research Models and Services (RMS), Discovery and Safety Assessment (DSA), and Manufacturing Support (Manufacturing).
During the three months ended June 25, 2016, we acquired WIL Research. WIL Research’s safety assessment business is reported in our DSA reportable segment and its CDMO business created a new operating segment, Contract Manufacturing, that is reported as part of our Manufacturing reportable segment. In addition, a change in our market strategy for certain services and resulting information provided to our Chief Operating Decision Maker, totaling $1.4 million of revenue and $0.2 million of operating income for the six months ended June 27, 2015, were reclassified from our RMS reportable segment to our Manufacturing reportable segment. We reported segment results on this basis for all periods presented.
The revised reportable segments are as follows:

Research Models and Services | Discovery and Safety Assessment | Manufacturing Support
Research Models | Discovery Services | Microbial Solutions
Research Model Services | Safety Assessment | Avian
|  | Biologics
|  | Contract Manufacturing

Our RMS segment includes the Research Models and Research Model Services businesses. Research Models includes the commercial production and sale of small research models, as well as the supply of large research models. Research Model Services includes three business units: Genetically Engineered Models and Services, which performs contract breeding and other services associated with genetically engineered models; Research Animal Diagnostic Services (RADS), which provides health monitoring and diagnostics services related to research models; and Insourcing Solutions (IS), which provides colony
25

management of our clients’ research operations (including recruitment, training, staffing, and management services). Our DSA segment includes services required to take a drug through the early development process including discovery services, which are non-regulated services to assist clients with the identification, screening, and selection of a lead compound for drug development, and regulated and non-regulated safety assessment services. Our Manufacturing segment includes Microbial Solutions (formerly Endotoxin and Microbial Detection or EMD), which includes in vitro (non-animal) lot-release testing products and microbial detection and species identification services; Biologics Testing Services (Biologics), which performs specialized testing of biologics; Avian Vaccine Services (Avian), which supplies specific-pathogen-free fertile chicken eggs and chickens; and Contract Manufacturing, which specializes in formulation design and development, manufacturing, and analytical and stability testing for small molecules.
Results of Operations
Three Months Ended June 25, 2016 Compared to the Three Months Ended June 27, 2015
Revenue

| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  |
| June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | Impact of FX
| (in millions, except percentages)
RMS | $ | 125.1 |  |  | $ | 119.3 |  |  | $ | 5.8 |  |  | 4.8 | % |  | 0.8 | %
DSA | 221.0 |  |  | 153.4 |  |  | 67.6 |  |  | 44.1 | % |  | (1.5 | )%
Manufacturing | 88.0 |  |  | 66.9 |  |  | 21.1 |  |  | 31.4 | % |  | 0.1 | %
Total revenue | $ | 434.1 |  |  | $ | 339.6 |  |  | $ | 94.5 |  |  | 27.8 | % |  | (0.4 | )%

Revenue for the three months ended June 25, 2016 increased $94.5 million, or 27.8%, compared to the corresponding period in 2015. The negative effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates decreased revenue by $1.2 million, or 0.4%, when compared to the corresponding period in 2015.
RMS revenue increased by $5.8 million due to higher research model services revenue, higher research model revenue in China; and the positive effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
DSA revenue increased $67.6 million due to higher revenue in the Safety Assessment business, primarily as a result of the WIL Research acquisition that contributed $51.4 million to revenue growth as well as increased study volume and pricing in our legacy business; and higher revenue in the Discovery Services business, primarily as a result of the Oncotest acquisition that contributed $2.2 million to revenue growth; partially offset by the negative effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
Manufacturing revenue increased $21.1 million due to higher revenue in the Microbial Solutions business, which includes the Celsis acquisition that contributed $7.6 million to revenue growth; higher revenue in the Biologics business, higher revenue in the Avian business, which includes the Sunrise business that contributed $1.8 million to revenue growth; and Contract Manufacturing revenue related to the CDMO services of WIL Research acquired in April 2016 that contributed $3.8 million to revenue growth.
Service revenue for the three months ended June 25, 2016 was $292.9 million, an increase of $78.5 million, or 36.6%, compared to $214.4 million in the corresponding period in 2015. The increase in service revenue was due to higher revenue in the Safety Assessment business, primarily as a result of the WIL Research acquisition that contributed $51.4 million to service revenue growth as well as increased study volume and pricing in our legacy business; higher revenue in the Discovery Services business, which included the acquisition of Oncotest that contributed $2.2 million to service revenue; Contract Manufacturing revenue of $3.8 million related to the CDMO services of WIL Research acquired in April 2016; higher revenue in the Biologics business, and higher research model services revenue; partially offset by the negative effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Product revenue for the three months ended June 25, 2016 was $141.2 million, an increase of $16.0 million, or 12.8%, compared to $125.2 million in the corresponding period in 2015. The increase was due to higher revenue in the Microbial Solutions and Avian businesses, which included the acquisitions of Celsis and Sunrise, respectively, which contributed $9.4 million to product revenue growth; and higher research model revenue in China.
26

Cost of Services Provided and Products Sold (Excluding Amortization of Intangible Assets)

| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
| June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015 |  | $ change |  | % change
| (in millions, except percentages)
RMS | $ | 73.2 |  |  | $ | 69.8 |  |  | $ | 3.4 |  |  | 4.7 | %
DSA | 150.4 |  |  | 104.1 |  |  | 46.3 |  |  | 44.4 | %
Manufacturing | 40.7 |  |  | 32.9 |  |  | 7.8 |  |  | 24.3 | %
Total cost of services provided and products sold (excluding amortization of intangible assets) | $ | 264.3 |  |  | $ | 206.8 |  |  | $ | 57.5 |  |  | 27.8 | %

Cost of services provided and products sold (excluding amortization of intangibles assets) (Costs) for the three months ended June 25, 2016 increased $57.5 million, or 27.8%, compared to the corresponding period in 2015. Costs as a percentage of revenue for the three months ended June 25, 2016 were 60.9%, which was consistent with the corresponding period in 2015.
RMS Costs increased $3.4 million due primarily to the growth of the business and the negative effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. RMS Costs as a percentage of revenue for the three months ended June 25, 2016 were 58.5%, which was consistent with the corresponding period in 2015.
DSA Costs increased $46.3 million due primarily to an increase in Safety Assessment Costs, which included a higher cost base due to the acquisition of WIL Research and the growth of the legacy business and an increase in Discovery Services Costs, which included a higher cost base due to the acquisition of Oncotest; partially offset by the positive effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. DSA Costs as a percentage of revenue for the three months ended June 25, 2016 were 68.0%, an increase of 0.1%, from 67.9% for the corresponding period in 2015.
Manufacturing Costs increased $7.8 million due primarily to an increase in Microbial Solutions Costs resulting from the Celsis acquisition, an increase in Biologics and Avian Costs resulting from the growth of the business and the Sunrise acquisition, an increase in Contract Manufacturing Costs related to the acquisition of WIL Research and the negative effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Manufacturing Costs as a percentage of revenue for the three months ended June 25, 2016 were 46.4%, a decrease of 2.7%, from 49.1% for the corresponding period in 2015.
Costs of services provided for the three months ended June 25, 2016 were $196.1 million, an increase of $52.0 million, or 36.1%, compared to $144.1 million for the corresponding period in 2015. The increase was due to higher Safety Assessment Costs, which included a higher cost base due to the acquisition of WIL Research and growth in our legacy business; higher Discovery Services Costs, which included a higher cost base due to the acquisition of Oncotest; Contract Manufacturing Costs related to the CDMO services of WIL Research acquired in April 2016, as well as an increased Biologics and research model services revenue. Costs of products sold for the three months ended June 25, 2016 were $68.2 million, an increase of $5.6 million, or 8.8%, compared to $62.6 million for the corresponding period in 2015. The increase was primarily due to higher Costs as a result of acquisitions of Celsis and Sunrise.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
| June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015 |  | $ change |  | % change
| (in millions, except percentages)
RMS | $ | 15.9 |  |  | $ | 15.4 |  |  | $ | 0.5 |  |  | 3.4 | %
DSA | 31.0 |  |  | 17.3 |  |  | 13.7 |  |  | 78.6 | %
Manufacturing | 16.8 |  |  | 12.3 |  |  | 4.5 |  |  | 35.9 | %
Unallocated corporate | 36.8 |  |  | 26.3 |  |  | 10.5 |  |  | 40.2 | %
Total selling, general and administrative | $ | 100.5 |  |  | $ | 71.3 |  |  | $ | 29.2 |  |  | 40.9 | %

Selling, general and administrative expenses (SG&A) for three months ended June 25, 2016 increased $29.2 million, or 40.9%, compared to the corresponding period in 2015. SG&A as a percentage of revenue for the three months ended June 25, 2016 was 23.1%, an increase of 2.1%, from 21.0% for the corresponding period in 2015.
The increase in RMS SG&A of $0.5 million was related to an increase of $0.3 million e xternal consulting and other service expenses; $0.2 million in c ompensation, benefits and other employee-related expenses; and an increase of $0.2 million in other expenses; partially offset by a decrease of $0.2 million in operating expenses, including information technology infrastructure and facility expenses. RMS SG&A as a percentage of revenue for the three months ended June 25, 2016 was 12.7%, a decrease of 0.2%, from 12.9% for the corresponding period in 2015.
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The increase in DSA SG&A of $13.7 million was related to an increase of $4.8 million in compensation, benefits, and other employee-related expenses; an increase of $3.3 million in severance expense; an increase of $2.8 million in costs associated with the evaluation and integration of acquisitions; an increase of $1.7 million in operating expenses, including information technology infrastructure and facility expenses; an increase of $0.6 million in external consulting and other service expenses; and an increase of $0.5 million in stock-based compensation. DSA SG&A as a percentage of revenue for the three months ended June 25, 2016 was 14.0%, an increase of 2.7%, from 11.3% for the corresponding period in 2015.
The increase in Manufacturing SG&A of $4.5 million was related to an increase of $2.0 million in compensation, benefits, and other employee-related expenses; an increase of $0.7 million in operating expenses, including information technology infrastructure and facility expenses; an increase of $0.6 million in external consulting and other service expenses; an increase of $0.5 million in costs associated with the evaluation and integration of acquisitions; and an increase of $0.7 million in other expenses. Manufacturing SG&A as a percentage of revenue for the three months ended June 25, 2016 was 19.1%, an increase of 0.7%, from 18.4% for the corresponding period in 2015.
The increase in unallocated corporate SG&A of $10.5 million was related to an increase of $3.5 million in external consulting and other service expenses; an increase of $3.3 million in c osts associated with the evaluation and integration of acquisitions; an increase of $1.3 million in stock-based compensation; an increase of $0.7 million in information technology; an increase of $0.5 million in compensation, benefits, and other employee-related expenses; and an increase of $1.2 million in other expenses.
Amortization of Intangible Assets Amortization of intangibles for the three months ended June 25, 2016 was $11.2 million, an increase of $5.5 million, or 96.1%, from $5.7 million for the corresponding period in 2015, due primarily to certain intangibles acquired in connection with the WIL Research, Oncotest, Celsis, and Sunrise acquisitions.
Interest Income Interest income, which represents earnings on held cash, cash equivalents, and time deposits was $0.2 million for the three months ended June 25, 2016, a decrease of $0.1 million, or 25.3%, compared to $0.3 million for the corresponding period in 2015.
Interest Expense Interest expense for the three months ended June 25, 2016 was $8.9 million, an increase of $4.5 million, or 103.6%, compared to $4.4 million for the corresponding period in 2015. The increase was due primarily to the write-off of a
portion of debt issuance costs in connection with the modification of our $1.3B Credit Facility, as well as higher average balance outstanding and higher average interest rates under our $1.65B Credit Facility as a result of additional borrowings related to business acquisitions.
Other Income (Expense), Net Other income (expense), net was a net other income of $5.0 million for the three months ended June 25, 2016, a decrease of $3.7 million, or 42.2%, compared to a net other income of $8.7 million for the corresponding period in 2015. The decrease in other income (expense), net was driven by the absence of a bargain purchase gain of $9.9 million associated with the acquisition of Sunrise in the corresponding period of 2015; partially offset by an increase of $5.9 million in gains on our venture capital investments accounted for under the equity method and other activity of $0.3 million.
Income Taxes Income tax expense for the three months ended June 25, 2016 was $18.8 million, an increase of $7.7 million compared to $11.1 million for the corresponding period in 2015. Our effective tax rate was 34.6% for the three months ended June 25, 2016, compared to 18.4% for the corresponding period in 2015. The increase was primarily attributable to nondeductible transaction costs associated with the acquisition of WIL Research and the accrual of withholding taxes in order to access cash from our Canadian and Chinese operations for use outside of the United States (U.S.) as a result of the reinstatement of the controlled foreign corporation look-through rules during the fourth quarter of 2015. In addition, we recognized a tax benefit from a non-taxable bargain purchase gain of $9.9 million associated with the acquisition of Sunrise for the corresponding period in 2015.
Six Months Ended June 25, 2016 Compared to the Six Months Ended June 27, 2015
Revenue

| Six Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  |
| June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | Impact of FX
| (in millions, except percentages)
RMS | $ | 248.4 |  |  | $ | 238.7 |  |  | $ | 9.7 |  |  | 4.1 | % |  | (0.2 | )%
DSA | 379.0 |  |  | 293.4 |  |  | 85.6 |  |  | 29.2 | % |  | (1.7 | )%
Manufacturing | 161.5 |  |  | 127.9 |  |  | 33.6 |  |  | 26.2 | % |  | (0.8 | )%
Total revenue | $ | 788.9 |  |  | $ | 660.0 |  |  | $ | 128.9 |  |  | 19.5 | % |  | (1.0 | )%

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Revenue for the six months ended June 25, 2016 increased $128.9 million, or 19.5%, compared to the corresponding period in 2015. The negative effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates decreased revenue by $6.4 million, or 1.0%, when compared to the corresponding period in 2015.
RMS revenue increased by $9.7 million due to higher research model revenue in North America, Europe and Asia, and higher research model services revenue; partially offset by the negative effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
DSA revenue increased $85.6 million due to higher revenue in the Safety Assessment business, primarily as a result of the WIL Research acquisition that contributed $51.4 million to revenue growth and increased study volume and pricing in our legacy business; and higher revenue in the Discovery Services business, primarily as a result of the Oncotest acquisition that contributed $5.1 million to revenue growth; partially offset by the negative effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
Manufacturing revenue increased $33.6 million due to higher revenue for Microbial Solutions, which includes the Celsis acquisition that contributed $14.3 million to revenue growth, higher revenue in the Biologics business; higher revenue in the Avian business, which includes the Sunrise business that contributed $4.1 million to revenue growth; and Contract Manufacturing revenue related to the CDMO services of WIL Research acquired in April 2016 that contributed $3.8 million to revenue growth; partially offset by the negative effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
Service revenue for the six months ended June 25, 2016 was $513.5 million, an increase of $102.3 million, or 24.9%, compared to $411.2 million in the corresponding period in 2015. The increase in service revenue was due to higher revenue in the Safety Assessment business, primarily as a result of the WIL Research acquisition that contributed $51.4 million to revenue growth and increased study volume and pricing in our legacy business; higher revenue in the Discovery Services business, which included the acquisition of Oncotest that contributed $5.1 million to service revenue; Contract Manufacturing revenue of $3.8 million related to the CDMO services of WIL Research acquired in April 2016; higher revenue in the Biologics business, and higher research model services revenue; partially offset by the negative effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Product revenue for the six months ended June 25, 2016 was $275.4 million, an increase of $26.6 million, or 10.7%, compared to $248.8 million in the corresponding period in 2015. The increase was due to higher revenue in the Microbial Solutions and Avian businesses, which included the acquisitions of Celsis and Sunrise, respectively, which contributed $18.0 million to product revenue growth; and higher research model revenue in North America, Europe and Asia; partially offset by the negative effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
Cost of Services Provided and Products Sold (Excluding Amortization of Intangible Assets)

| Six Months Ended |  |  |  |
| June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015 |  | $ change |  | % change
| (in millions, except percentages)
RMS | $ | 144.3 |  |  | $ | 143.5 |  |  | $ | 0.8 |  |  | 0.5 | %
DSA | 257.3 |  |  | 200.4 |  |  | 56.9 |  |  | 28.4 | %
Manufacturing | 76.8 |  |  | 63.6 |  |  | 13.2 |  |  | 20.9 | %
Total cost of services provided and products sold (excluding amortization of intangible assets) | $ | 478.4 |  |  | $ | 407.5 |  |  | $ | 70.9 |  |  | 17.4 | %

Costs for the six months ended June 25, 2016 increased $70.9 million, or 17.4%, compared to the corresponding period in 2015. Costs as a percentage of revenue for the six months ended June 27, 2015 were 60.6%, a decrease of 1.2%, from 61.8% for the corresponding period in 2015.
RMS Costs increased $0.8 million due primarily to the growth of the business, partially offset by cost savings achieved as a result of our efficiency initiatives and reduced restructuring costs. RMS Costs as a percentage of revenue for the six months ended June 25, 2016 were 58.1%, a decrease of 2.0%, from 60.1% for the corresponding period in 2015.
DSA Costs increased $56.9 million due primarily to an increase in Safety Assessment Costs, which included a higher cost base due to the acquisition of WIL Research and the growth of our legacy business, an increase in Discovery Services Costs, which included a higher cost base due to the acquisition of Oncotest, and a charge of $1.9 million related to an impairment of certain intangibles; partially offset by positive effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. DSA Costs as a percentage of revenue for the six months ended June 25, 2016 were 67.9%, a decrease of 0.4%, from 68.3% for the corresponding period in 2015, primarily due to improved operating leverage as a result of increased study volume in our legacy Safety Assessment business.
Manufacturing Costs increased $13.2 million due primarily to an increase in Microbial Solutions Costs resulting from the Celsis acquisition; an increase in Biologics Costs resulting from the growth of the business; an increase in Avian Costs, primarily due to the acquisition of Sunrise; and an increase in Contract Manufacturing Costs related to the acquisition of WIL
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Research; partially offset by the positive effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Manufacturing Costs as a percentage of revenue for the six months ended June 25, 2016 were 47.6%, a decrease of 2.1%, from 49.7% for the corresponding period in 2015.
Costs of services provided for the six months ended June 25, 2016 were $343.5 million, an increase of $63.1 million, or 22.5%, compared to $280.4 million for the corresponding period in 2015. The increase was due to higher Safety Assessment Costs, which included a higher cost base due to the acquisition of WIL Research and the growth in our legacy business; higher Discovery Services Cost, which included a higher cost base due to the acquisition of Oncotest; Contract Manufacturing Costs related to the CDMO services of WIL Research acquired in April 2016 and a charge of $1.9 million related to an impairment of certain intangibles; partially offset by the positive effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Costs of products sold for the six months ended June 25, 2016 were $134.9 million, an increase of $7.8 million, or 6.2%, compared to $127.1 million for the corresponding period in 2015. The increase was due to higher Costs as a result of acquisitions of Celsis and Sunrise, partially offset by savings associated with global efficiency initiatives.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

| Six Months Ended |  |  |  |
| June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015 |  | $ change |  | % change
| (in millions, except percentages)
RMS | $ | 31.1 |  |  | $ | 31.5 |  |  | $ | (0.4 | ) |  | (1.1 | )%
DSA | 48.1 |  |  | 34.0 |  |  | 14.1 |  |  | 41.1 | %
Manufacturing | 32.0 |  |  | 24.7 |  |  | 7.3 |  |  | 29.4 | %
Unallocated corporate | 72.2 |  |  | 52.5 |  |  | 19.7 |  |  | 37.7 | %
Total selling, general and administrative | $ | 183.4 |  |  | $ | 142.7 |  |  | $ | 40.7 |  |  | 28.5 | %

Selling, general and administrative expenses (SG&A) for six months ended June 25, 2016 increased $40.7 million, or 28.5%, compared to the corresponding period in 2015. SG&A as a percentage of revenue for the six months ended June 25, 2016 was 23.2% an increase of 1.6%, from 21.6% for the corresponding period in 2015.
The decrease in RMS SG&A of $0.4 million was related to a decrease of $0.4 million in severance expense and a decrease of $0.6 million in other expenses; partially offset by an increase of $0.6 million in compensation, benefits, and other employee-related expenses. RMS SG&A as a percentage of revenue for the six months ended June 25, 2016 was 12.5%, a decrease of 0.7%, from 13.2% for the corresponding period in 2015.
The increase in DSA SG&A of $14.1 million was related to an increase of $5.3 million in compensation, benefits, and other employee-related expenses; an increase of $3.3 million in severance expense; an increase of $3.0 million in costs associated with the evaluation and integration of acquisitions; an increase of $1.9 million in operating expenses, including information technology infrastructure and facility expenses; an increase of $0.9 million in external consulting and other service expenses; an increase of $0.7 million in stock-based compensation and an increase of $0.3 million in other expenses; partially offset by a decrease of $1.3 million in bad debt reserves. DSA SG&A as a percentage of revenue for the six months ended June 25, 2016 was 12.7%, an increase of 1.1%, from 11.6% for the corresponding period in 2015.
The increase in Manufacturing SG&A of $7.3 million was related to an increase of $3.5 million in compensation, benefits, and other employee-related expenses; an increase of $1.2 million in external consulting and other service expenses; an increase of $0.6 million operating expenses, including information technology infrastructure and facility expenses; an increase of $0.6 million in cash associated with the evaluation and integration of acquisitions; an increase of $0.3 million in stock-based compensation; an increase of $0.3 million in depreciation expense and an increase of $0.8 million in other expenses. Manufacturing SG&A as a percentage of revenue for the six months ended June 25, 2016 was 19.8%, an increase of 0.5%, from 19.3% for the corresponding period in 2015.
The increase in unallocated corporate SG&A of $19.7 million was related to an increase of $7.4 million c osts associated with the evaluation and integration of acquisitions; an increase of $5.1 million in external consulting and other service expenses; an increase of $2.3 million in compensation, benefits, and other employee-related expenses; an increase of $1.9 million in information technology; an increase of $1.2 million in stock-based compensation; and an increase of $1.8 million in other expenses.
Amortization of Intangible Assets Amortization of intangibles for the six months ended June 25, 2016 was $17.6 million, an increase of $6.6 million, or 60.0%, from $11.0 million for the corresponding period in 2015, due primarily to certain intangibles acquired in connection with the WIL Research, Oncotest, Celsis, and Sunrise acquisitions.
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Interest Income Interest income, which represents earnings on held cash, cash equivalents, and time deposits, was $0.5 million for the six months ended June 25, 2016, a decrease of $0.1 million, or 16.5%, compared to $0.6 million for the corresponding period in 2015.
Interest Expense Interest expense for the six months ended June 25, 2016 was $13.1 million, an increase of $5.7 million, or 77.3%, compared to $7.4 million for the corresponding period in 2015. The increase was primarily to the write-off of a
portion of debt issuance costs in connection with the modification of our $1.3B Credit Facility, higher average balance outstanding and higher average interest rates under our $1.65B Credit Facility as a result of additional borrowings related to business acquisitions, and an increased interest expense related to capital leases.
Other Income (Expense), Net Other income (expense), net was a net other income of $9.0 million for the six months ended June 25, 2016, an increase of $8.6 million, or 2,418.7%, compared to a net other income of $0.4 million for the corresponding period in 2015. The increase in other income (expense), net was driven by the absence of an expense of $10.4 million due to a reversal of the indemnification asset associated with a previous acquisition in the corresponding period of 2015; an increase of $7.7 million in gains on our venture capital investments accounted for under the equity method; and an increase of $0.4 million in other activity; partially offset by the absence of a bargain purchase gain of $9.9 million associated with the acquisition of Sunrise in May 2015.
Income Taxes Income tax expense for the six months ended June 25, 2016 was $32.8 million, an increase of $21.4 million compared to $11.4 million for the corresponding period in 2015. Our effective tax rate was 31.0% for the six months ended June 25, 2016, compared to 12.4% for the corresponding period in 2015. The increase was primarily attributable to nondeductible transaction costs associated with the acquisition of WIL Research and the accrual of withholding taxes in order to access cash from our Canadian and Chinese operations for use outside of the U.S. as a result of the reinstatement of the controlled foreign corporation look-through rules during the fourth quarter of 2015. In addition, we recognized a reduction in unrecognized tax benefits and related interest of $10.4 million due to the expiration of the statute of limitations associated with pre-acquisition tax positions on the forgiveness of debt and a non-taxable bargain purchase gain of $9.9 million associated with the acquisition of Sunrise for the corresponding period in 2015.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We currently require cash to fund our working capital needs, pension obligations, capital expansion, acquisitions and to pay our debt obligations. Our principal sources of liquidity have been our cash flows from operations, supplemented by long-term borrowings. Based on our current business plan, we believe that our existing funds, when combined with cash generated from operations and our access to financing resources, are sufficient to fund our operations for the foreseeable future.
The following table presents our cash, cash equivalents and investments:

| June 25, 2016 |  | December 26, 2015
| (in millions)
Cash and cash equivalents: |  |  |
Held in the U.S. entities | $ | 40.4 |  |  | $ | 3.6 |
Held in non-U.S. entities | 114.2 |  |  | 114.3 |
Total cash and cash equivalents | 154.6 |  |  | 117.9 |
Investments: |  |  |
Held in the U.S. entities | 4.6 |  |  | 4.5 |
Held in non-U.S. entities | 20.4 |  |  | 16.0 |
Total cash, cash equivalents and investments | $ | 179.6 |  |  | $ | 138.4 |

Borrowings
In April 2015, we amended and restated our $970M Credit Facility, creating a $1.3 billion facility ($1.3B Credit Facility) that provides for a $400.0 million term loan facility and a $900.0 million multi-currency revolving facility. The term loan facility matures in 20 quarterly installments with the last installment due April 22, 2020. The revolving facility matures on April 22, 2020 and requires no scheduled payment before that date. The interest rates applicable to term loans and revolving loans under our credit agreement are, at our option, equal to either the alternate base rate (which is the higher of (1) the prime rate, (2) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, or (3) the one-month adjusted LIBOR rate plus 1%), or the adjusted LIBOR rate plus an interest rate margin based upon our leverage ratio.
On March 30, 2016, we amended and restated our $1.3B Credit Facility, creating a $1.65 billion credit facility ($1.65B Credit Facility) which (1) extends the maturity date for the credit facility, and (2) makes certain other amendments in connection with our acquisition of WIL Research. The $1.65B Credit Facility provides for up to approximately $1.65 billion in financing,
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including a $650.0 million term loan facility and a $1.0 billion multi-currency revolving facility. The term loan facility matures in 19 quarterly installments, with the last installment due March 30, 2021. The revolving facility matures on March 30, 2021, and requires no scheduled payment before that date.
Amounts outstanding under the $1.65B Credit Facility were as follows:

| June 25, 2016 |  | December 26, 2015
| (in millions)
Term loans | $ | 650.0 |  |  | $ | 390.0 |
Revolving credit facility | 692.9 |  |  | 446.0 |
Total | $ | 1,342.9 |  |  | $ | 836.0 |

Under specified circumstances, we have the ability to increase the term loans and/or revolving line of credit by up to $500.0 million in the aggregate. The interest rates applicable to term loans and revolving loans under the credit agreement are, at our option, equal to either the base rate (which is the higher of (1) the prime rate, (2) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, or (3) the one-month adjusted LIBOR rate plus 1%), or the adjusted LIBOR rate plus an interest rate margin based upon our leverage ratio.
Repurchases of Common Stock
During the six months ended June 25, 2016, we did not repurchase any shares under our authorized stock repurchase program. As of June 25, 2016, we had $69.7 million remaining on the authorized stock repurchase program. Our stock-based compensation plans permit the netting of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock, restricted stock units, and performance share units in order to satisfy individual minimum statutory tax withholding requirements. During the six months ended June 25, 2016, we acquired approximately 0.2 million shares for $12.2 million.
Cash Flows
The following table presents our net cash provided by operating activities:

| Six Months Ended
| June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015
| (in millions)
Income from continuing operations | $ | 73.1 |  |  | $ | 80.9 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income from continuing operations to net cash provided by operating activities | 69.3 |  |  | 57.4 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities | (25.9 | ) |  | (40.7 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 116.5 |  |  | $ | 97.6 |

Cash flows from operating activities represent the cash receipts and disbursements related to all of our activities other than investing and financing activities. Operating cash flow is derived by adjusting our income from continuing operations for (1) non-cash operating items such as depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, gains (losses) on venture capital investments, and gains on bargain purchases, as well as (2) changes in operating assets and liabilities, which reflect timing differences between the receipt and payment of cash associated with transactions and when they are recognized in our results of operations. For the six months ended June 25, 2016, compared to the six months ended June 27, 2015, the increase in cash provided by operating activities was primarily driven by a positive change in operating assets and liabilities; partially offset by a decrease in income from continuing operations. Our days sales outstanding, which includes deferred revenue as an offset to accounts receivable but is not adjusted for an allowance for doubtful accounts in the calculation, was 47 days as of June 25, 2016, compared to 51 days as of December 26, 2015.
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The following table presents our net cash used in investing activities:

| Six Months Ended
| June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015
| (in millions)
Acquisition of businesses and assets, net of cash acquired | $ | (578.8 | ) |  | $ | (10.7 | )
Capital expenditures | (20.0 | ) |  | (24.6 | )
Investments, net | (10.1 | ) |  | (3.8 | )
Other, net | 4.1 |  |  | 2.6 |
Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (604.8 | ) |  | $ | (36.5 | )

The primary use of cash in investing activities in the six months ended June 25, 2016 and June 27, 2015 was related to our acquisition of WIL Research in April 2016 and Sunrise in May 2015 as well as capital expenditures.
The following table presents our net cash provided by financing activities:

| Six Months Ended
| June 25, 2016 |  | June 27, 2015
| (in millions)
Proceeds from long-term debt and revolving credit facility | $ | 882.0 |  |  | $ | 294.2 |
Proceeds from exercises of stock options | 19.8 |  |  | 35.6 |
Payments on long-term debt, capital lease obligation and revolving credit facility | (375.2 | ) |  | (301.3 | )
Purchase of treasury stock | (12.2 | ) |  | (99.5 | )
Other, net | 5.0 |  |  | 7.3 |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | $ | 519.4 |  |  | $ | (63.7 | )

For the six months ended June 25, 2016, cash provided by financing activities reflected net borrowings of $506.8 million; proceeds from exercises of employee stock options of $19.8 million and other activity; partially offset by treasury stock purchases of $12.2 million due to the netting of common stock upon vesting of stock-based awards in order to satisfy individual minimum statutory tax withholding requirements. For the six months ended June 27, 2015, cash used by financing activities reflected treasury stock purchases of $99.5 million made primarily pursuant to our authorized stock repurchase program and net debt repayments of $7.1 million, partially offset by proceeds from exercises of employee stock options of $35.6 million.
Contractual Commitments and Obligations
The disclosure of our contractual obligations and commitments was reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 26, 2015. There have been no material changes from the contractual commitments and obligations previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K other than the changes described in Note 5, “Fair Value,” Note 7, “Long-Term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations” and Note 13, “Commitments and Contingencies” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of June 25, 2016, we did not have any significant off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of SEC Regulation S-K promulgated under the Exchange Act, except as disclosed below.
Venture Capital Investments
We invest in several venture capital funds that invest in start-up companies, primarily in the life sciences industry. Our total commitment to the funds as of June 25, 2016 was $80.6 million, of which we funded $34.0 million through June 25, 2016. Refer to Note 4, “Venture Capital Investments and Marketable Securities” for additional information.
Letters of Credit
Our off-balance sheet commitments related to our outstanding letters of credit a s of June 25, 2016 were $5.1 million.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our liquidity, capital resources and results of operations is based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make certain estimates and assumptions that may affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported periods and related
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disclosures. These estimates and assumptions are monitored and analyzed by us for changes in facts and circumstances, and material changes in these estimates could occur in the future. We base our estimates on our historical experience, trends in the industry and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from our estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
We believe that our application of the following accounting policies, each of which require significant judgments and estimates on the part of management, is the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results: (1) revenue recognition, (2) income taxes, (3) goodwill and intangible assets, (4) valuation and impairment of long-lived assets, (5) pension and other retirement benefit plans, and (6) stock-based compensation. Our critical accounting policies are described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year 2015.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements please refer to Note 1, “Basis of Presentation,” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We did not adopt any new accounting pronouncements during the six months ended June 25, 2016 that had a material effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates and currency exchange rates, which could affect our future results of operations and financial condition. We manage our exposure to these risks through our regular operating and financing activities.
Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to changes in interest rates while conducting normal business operations as a result of ongoing financing activities. As of June 25, 2016, our debt portfolio was comprised primarily of floating interest rate borrowings. A 100-basis point increase in interest rates would increase our annual pre-tax interest expense by approximately $13.4 million.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
We operate on a global basis and have exposure to some foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations for our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
While the financial results of our global activities are reported in U.S. dollars, our foreign subsidiaries typically conduct their operations in their respective local currency. The principal functional currencies of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are the Euro, British Pound and Canadian Dollar. During the six months ended June 25, 2016, the most significant drivers of foreign currency translation adjustment the Company recorded as part of comprehensive income were the Euro, British Pound, Canadian Dollar and to a lesser extent, the Japanese Yen.
Fluctuations in the foreign currency exchange rates of the countries in which we do business will affect our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. In particular, as the U.S. dollar strengthens against other currencies, the value of our non-U.S. revenue, expenses, assets, liabilities and cash flows will generally decline when reported in U.S. dollars. The impact to net income as a result of a U.S. dollar strengthening will be partially mitigated by the value of non-U.S. expense, which will also decline when reported in U.S. dollars. As the U.S. dollar weakens versus other currencies, the value of the non-U.S. revenue and expenses, assets, liabilities and cash flows will generally increase when reported in U.S. dollars. For the six months ended June 25, 2016, our revenue would have increased by approximately $17.3 million and our operating income would have increased by approximately $1.7 million, if the U.S. dollar exchange rate would have strengthened by 10% with all other variables held constant.
We attempt to minimize this exposure by using certain financial instruments in accordance with our overall risk management and our hedge policies. We do not enter into speculative derivative agreements.
During the six months ended June 25, 2016, we utilized foreign exchange contracts, principally to hedge certain balance sheet exposures resulting from foreign currency fluctuations. No foreign currency contracts were open at June 25, 2016.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Based on their evaluation, required by paragraph (b) of Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15, promulgated by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act, are effective, at a reasonable assurance level to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, as of June 25, 2016. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurances of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in designing and evaluating the controls and procedures.
(b) Changes in Internal Controls
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 that occurred during the quarter ended June 25, 2016 that materially affected, or were reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1A. Risk Factors
In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year 2015, which could materially affect our business, financial condition, and/or future results. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and/or operating results. There have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year 2015 except as described below.
Referendum on the United Kingdom’s membership in the European Union “Brexit” may adversely affect our business
The United Kingdom (U.K.) held a referendum in which voters approved an exit from the European Union (E.U.). As a result of the referendum, it is expected that the British government will begin negotiating the terms of the U.K.’s future relationship with the E.U. In addition, the announcement of Brexit has caused significant volatility in global stock markets and currency exchange rate fluctuations, including the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against foreign currencies. The announcement of Brexit also may create global economic uncertainty, which may cause our customers and potential customers to monitor their costs and reduce their budgets for our products and services. Given that we conduct a substantial portion of our business in the E.U. and the U.K., any of these effects of Brexit, among others, could adversely affect our business, business opportunities, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The following table provides information relating to the purchases of shares of our common stock during the three months ended June 25, 2016.

| Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in thousands)
March 27, 2016 to April 22, 2016 | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 69,694 |
April 23, 2016 to May 20, 2016 | 642 |  |  | $ | 79.27 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 69,694 |
May 21, 2016 to June 25, 2016 | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 69,694 |
Total | 642 |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |

As of June 25, 2016, we had $69.7 million remaining on the authorized stock repurchase program.
Additionally, our stock-based compensation plans permit the netting of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance share units in order to satisfy individual minimum statutory tax withholding requirements.
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Item 6. Exhibits
(a) Exhibits

10.1* | Charles River Laboratories International, Inc. 2016 Incentive Plan

31.1 | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer.

31.2 Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer.

32.1 | Certification of the Principal Executive Officer and the Principal Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) of 15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act.

101.INS XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document.

* | Management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  | CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
| August 3, 2016 | /s/ JAMES C. FOSTER
|  | James C. Foster Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
| August 3, 2016 | /s/ DAVID R. SMITH
|  | David R. Smith Corporate Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

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