SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

The Company’s three reportable segments are Research Models and Services (RMS), Discovery and Safety Assessment (DSA), and Manufacturing Support (Manufacturing). Asset information on a reportable segment basis is not disclosed as this information is not separately identified and internally reported to the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker. The Company retrospectively adopted ASU 2017-07 in fiscal year 2018, which impacted segment information. Service cost is reflected in operating income within the consolidated statements of income while all other components of net periodic cost are recorded in other income, net within the consolidated statements of income. See Note 1, “Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.”

The following table presents revenue and other financial information by reportable segment:



	2018		2017		2016
	(in thousands)
RMS
Revenue	$	519,682	$	493,615	$	494,037
Operating income	136,468		114,588		136,418
Depreciation and amortization	19,469		19,627		20,853
Capital expenditures	35,172		20,879		11,642
DSA
Revenue	$	1,316,854	$	980,022	$	836,593
Operating income	227,577		182,796		135,379
Depreciation and amortization	112,976		79,355		71,816
Capital expenditures	73,425		36,616		27,493
Manufacturing
Revenue	$	429,560	$	383,964	$	350,802
Operating income	136,212		123,898		104,561
Depreciation and amortization	22,529		22,893		25,566
Capital expenditures	23,323		15,188		12,247

The following tables present reconciliations of segment operating income, depreciation and amortization, and capital expenditures to the respective consolidated amounts:



	Operating Income									Depreciation and Amortization
	2018			2017			2016			2018		2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Total reportable segments	$	500,257		$	421,282		$	376,358		$	154,974	$	121,875	$	118,235
Unallocated corporate	(168,874		)	(133,000		)	(138,806		)	6,805		9,284		8,423
Total consolidated	$	331,383		$	288,282		$	237,552		$	161,779	$	131,159	$	126,658



	Capital Expenditures
	2018		2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Total reportable segments	$	131,920	$	72,683	$	51,382
Unallocated corporate	8,134		9,748		3,906
Total consolidated	$	140,054	$	82,431	$	55,288

Revenue for each significant product or service offering is as follows:



	2018		2017		2016
	(in thousands)
RMS	$	519,682	$	493,615	$	494,037
DSA	1,316,854		980,022		836,593
Manufacturing	429,560		383,964		350,802
Total revenue	$	2,266,096	$	1,857,601	$	1,681,432

A summary of unallocated corporate expense consists of the following:



	2018		2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Stock-based compensation	$	32,068	$	27,114	$	27,272
Compensation, benefits, and other employee-related expenses	69,191		46,920		36,349
External consulting and other service expenses	18,652		22,224		23,421
Information technology	12,463		11,997		13,233
Depreciation	6,805		9,284		8,423
Acquisition and integration	16,295		3,728		15,608
Other general unallocated corporate	13,400		11,733		14,500
Total unallocated corporate expense	$	168,874	$	133,000	$	138,806

Other general unallocated corporate expense consists of costs associated with departments such as senior executives, corporate accounting, legal, tax, human resources, treasury, and investor relations.

Revenue and long-lived assets by geographic area are as follows:



	U.S.		Europe		Canada		Asia Pacific		Other		Consolidated
	(in thousands)
2018
Revenue	$	1,267,620	$	643,957	$	206,382	$	142,495	$	5,642	$	2,266,096
Long-lived assets	597,223		205,185		74,051		56,262		156		932,877
2017
Revenue	$	959,263	$	569,812	$	200,343	$	126,462	$	1,721	$	1,857,601
Long-lived assets	446,574		203,911		82,228		49,020		240		781,973
2016
Revenue	$	850,422	$	520,937	$	194,210	$	114,710	$	1,153	$	1,681,432
Long-lived assets	462,330		177,423		78,866		37,111		97		755,827

Included in the Asia Pacific category above are operations located in China, Japan, Singapore, India, Australia, and Korea. Included in the Other category above are operations located in Brazil and Israel. Revenue represents sales originating in entities physically located in the identified geographic area. Long-lived assets consist of property, plant, and equipment, net.