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REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 26, 2020
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table disaggregates the Company’s revenue by major business line and timing of transfer of products or services:
Timing of Revenue Recognition of Major Product/Services Lines:202020192018
(in thousands)
RMS
Services and products transferred over time$240,480 $227,872 $202,872 
Services and products transferred at a point in time330,672 309,217 316,810 
Total RMS revenue571,152 537,089 519,682 
DSA
Services and products transferred over time1,836,519 1,618,281 1,316,005 
Services and products transferred at a point in time909 714 849 
Total DSA revenue1,837,428 1,618,995 1,316,854 
Manufacturing
Services and products transferred over time174,254 142,896 128,287 
Services and products transferred at a point in time341,099 322,246 301,273 
Total Manufacturing revenue515,353 465,142 429,560 
Total revenue$2,923,933 $2,621,226 $2,266,096 
RMS
The RMS business generates revenue through the commercial production and sale of research models, research products, and the provision of services related to the maintenance and monitoring of research models and management of clients’ research operations. Revenue from the sale of research models and products is recognized at a point in time when the customer obtains control of the product, which may be upon shipment or upon delivery based on the shipping terms of a contract. Revenue generated from research models services is recognized over time and is typically based on a right-to-invoice measure of progress (output method) as invoiced amounts correspond directly to the value of the Company’s performance to date.
DSA
The Discovery and Safety Assessment business provides a full suite of integrated drug discovery services directed at the identification, screening and selection of a lead compound for drug development and offers a full range of safety assessment services including bioanalysis, drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics, toxicology and pathology. Discovery and Safety Assessment services revenue is generally recognized over time using the cost-to-cost or right to invoice measures of progress, primarily representing fixed fee service contracts and per unit service contracts, respectively.
Manufacturing
The Manufacturing business includes Microbial Solutions, which provides in vitro (non-animal) lot-release testing products, microbial detection products, and species identification services; Biologics Testing Services (Biologics), which performs specialized testing of biologics; and Avian Vaccine Services (Avian), which supplies specific-pathogen-free chicken eggs and chickens. Species identification service revenue is generally recognized at a point in time as identifications are completed by the Company. Biologics service revenue is generally recognized over time using the cost-to-cost measure of progress. Microbial Solutions and Avian product sales are generally recognized at a point in time when the customer obtains control of the product, which may be upon shipment or upon delivery based on the contractual shipping terms of a contract.
Transaction Price Allocated to Future Performance Obligations
The Company discloses the aggregate amount of transaction price that is allocated to performance obligations that have not yet been satisfied as of December 26, 2020. Excluded from the disclosure is the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which revenue is recognized at the amount to which the Company has the right to invoice for services performed. The Company has assessed future performance obligations with respect to the COVID-19 pandemic uncertainties and believes there is an insignificant impact on the ability to meet future performance obligations and the amount of revenue to be recognized.
The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially satisfied) as of December 26, 2020:
Revenue Expected to be Recognized in Future Periods
Less than 1 Year1 to 3 Years4 to 5 YearsTotal
(in thousands)
DSA$216,099 $128,005 $4,429 $348,533 
Manufacturing8,491 6,212 — 14,703 
Total$224,590 $134,217 $4,429 $363,236 
Contract Balances from Contracts with Customers
The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed receivables (client receivables), contract assets (unbilled revenue), and contract liabilities (current and long-term deferred revenue and customer contract deposits) on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s payment terms are generally 30 days in the United States and consistent with prevailing practice in international markets. A contract asset is recorded when a right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to a customer is conditioned other than the passage of time. Client receivables are recorded separately from contract assets since only the passage of time is required before consideration is due. A contract liability is recorded when consideration is received, or such consideration is unconditionally due, from a customer prior to transferring goods or services to the customer under the terms of a contract. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue after control of the products or services is transferred to the customer and all revenue recognition criteria have been met. The following table provides information about client receivables, contract assets, and contract liabilities from contracts with customers:
December 26, 2020December 28, 2019
(in thousands)
Balances from contracts with customers:
Client receivables$489,042 $395,740 
Contract assets (unbilled revenue)135,400 121,957 
Contract liabilities (current and long-term deferred revenue)227,417 192,788 
Contract liabilities (customer contract deposits)42,244 33,080 
When the Company does not have the unconditional right to advanced billings, both advanced client payments and unpaid advanced client billings are excluded from deferred revenue, with the advanced billings also being excluded from client receivables. The Company excluded approximately $16 million and $27 million of unpaid advanced client billings from both client receivables and deferred revenue in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of December 26, 2020 and December 28, 2019, respectively. Advanced client payments of approximately $42 million and $33 million have been presented as customer contract deposits within other current liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of December 26, 2020 and December 28, 2019, respectively.
Other changes in the contract asset and the contract liability balances during fiscal years 2020 and 2019 were as follows:
(i) Changes due to business combinations:
See Note 2. “Business Combinations” for the HemaCare acquisition on January 3, 2020, the Cellero acquisition on August 6, 2020, and the Citoxlab acquisition on April 29, 2019.
(ii) Cumulative catch-up adjustments to revenue that affect the corresponding contract asset or contract liability, including adjustments arising from a change in the measure of progress, a change in an estimate of the transaction price (including any changes in the assessment of whether an estimate of variable consideration is constrained), or a contract modification:
During fiscal years 2020 and 2019, an immaterial cumulative catch-up adjustment to revenue was recorded.
(iii) A change in the time frame for a right to consideration to become unconditional (that is, for a contract asset to be recorded as a client receivable):
Approximately 90% of unbilled revenue as of December 28, 2019 was billed during fiscal year 2020. Approximately 95% of unbilled revenue as of December 29, 2018 of $105 million was billed during fiscal year 2019.
(iv) A change in the time frame for a performance obligation to be satisfied (that is, for the recognition of revenue arising from a contract liability):
Approximately 90% of contract liabilities as of December 28, 2019 were recognized as revenue during fiscal year 2020. Approximately 85% of contract liabilities as of December 29, 2018 of $180 million were recognized as revenue during fiscal year 2019.