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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
Unrecognized Tax Benefits
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company did not have a material change to its unrecognized tax benefits. The Company’s unrecognized tax benefits relate to tax years that remain subject to audit by the taxing authorities in the U.S. federal, state and local, and foreign jurisdictions. Based on the current status of its income tax audits, the Company does not believe that a significant portion of its unrecognized tax benefits will be resolved in the next twelve months.
Effective Tax Rate
The Company’s income tax benefit for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was $28 million, resulting in an effective tax rate for the period of 20.7%. The effective tax rate primarily represents the federal statutory rate of 21.0%, a state statutory tax rate, net of federal benefits, of 2.9%, a 9.7% unfavorable impact from non-deductible charges primarily due to the Defenders Acquisition, partially offset by a 6.7% favorable impact related to a decrease in unrecognized tax benefits.
Income tax benefit for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was $23 million, resulting in an effective tax rate for the period of 18.0%. The effective tax rate primarily represents the federal income tax rate of 21.0% and a 3.4% unfavorable impact associated with legislative changes.
The Company’s income tax benefit for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was $106 million, resulting in an effective tax rate for the period of 20.6%. The effective tax rate primarily represents the federal statutory rate of 21.0%, a state statutory tax rate, net of federal benefits, of 3.0%, a 2.8% unfavorable impact from non-deductible charges primarily due to the Defenders Acquisition, and a 1.3% unfavorable impact from an increase in valuation allowances primarily due to tax credits not expected to be utilized prior to expiration.
Income tax benefit for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $45 million, resulting in an effective tax rate for the period of 21.0%. The effective tax rate primarily represents the federal income tax rate of 21.0%, a 1.8% unfavorable impact associated with legislative changes, and offset by a 1.2% favorable impact associated with the resolution of open tax years.
The effective tax rate can vary from period to period due to permanent tax adjustments, discrete items such as the settlement of income tax audits and changes in tax laws, as well as recurring factors such as changes in the overall state tax rate.
COVID-19 Pandemic
In response to the COVID-19 Pandemic, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was signed into law during March 2020 and included significant corporate income tax and payroll tax provisions aimed to provide economic relief to address the impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. The Company is continuing to assess these corporate tax provisions and expects to recognize favorable cash flow impacts related to the accelerated refund of previously generated alternative minimum tax credits, as well as from the deferral of remittance of certain 2020 payroll taxes, with 50% of the deferred amount due by the end of 2021, and the remainder due by the end of 2022. The Company also expects to benefit from an increase in the interest expense limitation from 30% to 50% for tax years 2019 and 2020.

In addition, states have begun proposing and enacting legislation to address the unfavorable financial impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic, which includes tax rate changes, decoupling from favorable federal legislation under the CARES Act (such as an increased interest expense limitation from 30% to 50%), and limiting the use of net operating losses. As of June 30, 2020, there has been no material impact to the Company from these state legislative changes. However, the Company expects the trend to continue through the remainder of 2020 and these changes could have material impacts to the Company’s results of operations and cash flows. The Company will continue to assess the impacts as states finalize and enact these legislative changes.