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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Schedule of Loss before Income Taxes for Domestic and Foreign Locations | Significant components of income (loss) before income taxes for the periods presented were as follows:
| Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
United States | $ | (473,504) |  |  | $ | (782,256) |  |  | $ | (422,674) |
Foreign | 2,315 |  |  | 3,337 |  |  | (99,518) |
Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | (471,189) |  |  | $ | (778,919) |  |  | $ | (522,192) |
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) | Significant components of income tax benefit for the periods presented were as follows:
| Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Current: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | (174) |  |  | $ | 370 |  |  | $ | (2,503) |
State | (8,367) |  |  | (27,059) |  |  | (14,501) |
Foreign | (570) |  |  | — |  |  | (2,843) |
Current income tax expense | (9,111) |  |  | (26,689) |  |  | (19,847) |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | 97,805 |  |  | 133,646 |  |  | 89,495 |
State | 41,901 |  |  | 39,842 |  |  | 24,924 |
Foreign | (226) |  |  | (73) |  |  | 3,470 |
Deferred income tax benefit | 139,480 |  |  | 173,415 |  |  | 117,889 |
Income tax benefit | $ | 130,369 |  |  | $ | 146,726 |  |  | $ | 98,042 |
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation | The reconciliation between the actual effective tax rate on continuing operations and the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate for the periods presented were as follows:
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Statutory federal tax rate | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | %
Statutory state tax rate, net of federal benefits | 2.7 | % |  | 2.9 | % |  | 1.4 | %
Non-deductible and non-taxable charges | 0.3 | % |  | (3.1) | % |  | 0.5 | %
Valuation allowance | 0.5 | % |  | (1.5) | % |  | (9.4) | %
Acquisitions | 1.3 | % |  | 0.2 | % |  | — | %
Legislative changes | 0.8 | % |  | — | % |  | (1.2) | %
Non-deductible goodwill impairment | — | % |  | — | % |  | (2.3) | %
Amended returns | — | % |  | 0.1 | % |  | 1.9 | %
Net capital losses from sale of business | — | % |  | 0.4 | % |  | 6.8 | %
Other | 1.1 | % |  | (1.2) | % |  | 0.1 | %
Effective tax rate | 27.7 | % |  | 18.8 | % |  | 18.8 | %
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | The components of the Company's net deferred tax liabilities as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:
(in thousands) | December 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Accrued liabilities and reserves | $ | 113,085 |  |  | $ | 114,950 |
Tax loss and credit carryforwards | 594,821 |  |  | 652,690 |
Disallowed interest carryforward | 140,974 |  |  | 57,043 |
Postretirement benefits | 9,273 |  |  | 10,221 |
Deferred revenue | 140,604 |  |  | 104,791 |
Other | 92,613 |  |  | 113,586 |
Total deferred tax assets | 1,091,370 |  |  | 1,053,281 |
Valuation allowance | (60,157) |  |  | (68,013) |
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance | $ | 1,031,213 |  |  | $ | 985,268 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Subscriber system assets | $ | (729,548) |  |  | $ | (684,110) |
Intangible assets | (1,139,927) |  |  | (1,271,722) |
Other | (27,442) |  |  | (18,610) |
Total deferred tax liabilities | (1,896,917) |  |  | (1,974,442) |
Net deferred tax liabilities | $ | (865,704) |  |  | $ | (989,174) |
Summary of Valuation Allowance | The changes in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets for the periods presented were as follows:
| Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Beginning balance | $ | (68,013) |  |  | $ | (56,841) |  |  | $ | (9,558) |
Income tax benefit (expense) | 2,378 |  |  | (11,999) |  |  | (49,291) |
Write-offs and other(1) | 5,478 |  |  | 827 |  |  | 2,008 |
Ending balance | $ | (60,157) |  |  | $ | (68,013) |  |  | $ | (56,841) |
__________________ (1)Includes the removal of valuation allowances associated with certain tax attributes that expired during the current year. Both the expired attributes and related valuation allowances were removed concurrently.
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward | The following is a rollforward of unrecognized tax benefits for the periods presented:
| Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Beginning balance | $ | 65,990 |  |  | $ | 65,117 |  |  | $ | 80,201 |
Gross increase related to prior year tax positions | 373 |  |  | 1,348 |  |  | 5,666 |
Gross decrease related to prior year tax positions | — |  |  | (732) |  |  | (5,237) |
Increases related to current year tax positions | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,000 |
Increases related to acquisitions | — |  |  | 400 |  |  | 1,145 |
Decreases related to dispositions | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14,043) |
Decrease related to settlements with taxing authorities | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,717) |
Decreases related to lapse of statute of limitation | (142) |  |  | (143) |  |  | (460) |
Other changes not impacting the statement of operations | — |  |  | — |  |  | 562 |
Ending balance | $ | 66,221 |  |  | $ | 65,990 |  |  | $ | 65,117 |
Summary of Open Tax Years | The following is a summary of open tax years by jurisdiction:
Jurisdiction | Years Open to Audit
Federal | 2018 - 2020
State | 2015 - 2020
Canada | 2017 - 2020

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