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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Loss before Income Taxes for Domestic and Foreign Locations

Significant components of income (loss) before income taxes for the periods presented were as follows:

			Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)			2021						2020						2019
United States			$	(473,504)					$	(782,256)					$	(422,674)
Foreign			2,315						3,337						(99,518)
Income (loss) before income taxes			$	(471,189)					$	(778,919)					$	(522,192)

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Significant components of income tax benefit for the periods presented were as follows:

			Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)			2021						2020						2019
Current:
Federal			$	(174)					$	370					$	(2,503)
State			(8,367)						(27,059)						(14,501)
Foreign			(570)						—						(2,843)
Current income tax expense			(9,111)						(26,689)						(19,847)
Deferred:
Federal			97,805						133,646						89,495
State			41,901						39,842						24,924
Foreign			(226)						(73)						3,470
Deferred income tax benefit			139,480						173,415						117,889
Income tax benefit			$	130,369					$	146,726					$	98,042

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

The reconciliation between the actual effective tax rate on continuing operations and the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate for the periods presented were as follows:

			Years Ended December 31,
			2021						2020						2019
Statutory federal tax rate			21.0		%				21.0		%				21.0		%
Statutory state tax rate, net of federal benefits			2.7		%				2.9		%				1.4		%
Non-deductible and non-taxable charges			0.3		%				(3.1)		%				0.5		%
Valuation allowance			0.5		%				(1.5)		%				(9.4)		%
Acquisitions			1.3		%				0.2		%				—		%
Legislative changes			0.8		%				—		%				(1.2)		%
Non-deductible goodwill impairment			—		%				—		%				(2.3)		%
Amended returns			—		%				0.1		%				1.9		%
Net capital losses from sale of business			—		%				0.4		%				6.8		%
Other			1.1		%				(1.2)		%				0.1		%
Effective tax rate			27.7		%				18.8		%				18.8		%

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The components of the Company's net deferred tax liabilities as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

(in thousands)			December 31, 2021						December 31, 2020
Deferred tax assets:
Accrued liabilities and reserves			$	113,085					$	114,950
Tax loss and credit carryforwards			594,821						652,690
Disallowed interest carryforward			140,974						57,043
Postretirement benefits			9,273						10,221
Deferred revenue			140,604						104,791
Other			92,613						113,586
Total deferred tax assets			1,091,370						1,053,281
Valuation allowance			(60,157)						(68,013)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance			$	1,031,213					$	985,268
Deferred tax liabilities:
Subscriber system assets			$	(729,548)					$	(684,110)
Intangible assets			(1,139,927)						(1,271,722)
Other			(27,442)						(18,610)
Total deferred tax liabilities			(1,896,917)						(1,974,442)
Net deferred tax liabilities			$	(865,704)					$	(989,174)

Summary of Valuation Allowance

The changes in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets for the periods presented were as follows:

			Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)			2021						2020						2019
Beginning balance			$	(68,013)					$	(56,841)					$	(9,558)
Income tax benefit (expense)			2,378						(11,999)						(49,291)
Write-offs and other(1)			5,478						827						2,008
Ending balance			$	(60,157)					$	(68,013)					$	(56,841)

__________________

(1)Includes the removal of valuation allowances associated with certain tax attributes that expired during the current year. Both the expired attributes and related valuation allowances were removed concurrently.

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward

The following is a rollforward of unrecognized tax benefits for the periods presented:

			Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)			2021						2020						2019
Beginning balance			$	65,990					$	65,117					$	80,201
Gross increase related to prior year tax positions			373						1,348						5,666
Gross decrease related to prior year tax positions			—						(732)						(5,237)
Increases related to current year tax positions			—						—						1,000
Increases related to acquisitions			—						400						1,145
Decreases related to dispositions			—						—						(14,043)
Decrease related to settlements with taxing authorities			—						—						(3,717)
Decreases related to lapse of statute of limitation			(142)						(143)						(460)
Other changes not impacting the statement of operations			—						—						562
Ending balance			$	66,221					$	65,990					$	65,117

Summary of Open Tax Years

The following is a summary of open tax years by jurisdiction:

Jurisdiction			Years Open to Audit
Federal			2018 - 2020
State			2015 - 2020
Canada			2017 - 2020

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Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.

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Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets.

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Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.

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Tabular disclosure of income before income tax between domestic and foreign jurisdictions.

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Tabular disclosure of the change in unrecognized tax benefits.

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