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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Loss before Income Taxes for Domestic and Foreign Locations
Significant components of income (loss) before income taxes for the periods presented were as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202120202019
United States$(473,504)$(782,256)$(422,674)
Foreign2,315 3,337 (99,518)
Income (loss) before income taxes$(471,189)$(778,919)$(522,192)
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Significant components of income tax benefit for the periods presented were as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202120202019
Current:
Federal$(174)$370 $(2,503)
State(8,367)(27,059)(14,501)
Foreign(570)— (2,843)
Current income tax expense(9,111)(26,689)(19,847)
Deferred:
Federal97,805 133,646 89,495 
State41,901 39,842 24,924 
Foreign(226)(73)3,470 
Deferred income tax benefit139,480 173,415 117,889 
Income tax benefit$130,369 $146,726 $98,042 
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
The reconciliation between the actual effective tax rate on continuing operations and the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate for the periods presented were as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
202120202019
Statutory federal tax rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
Statutory state tax rate, net of federal benefits2.7 %2.9 %1.4 %
Non-deductible and non-taxable charges0.3 %(3.1)%0.5 %
Valuation allowance0.5 %(1.5)%(9.4)%
Acquisitions1.3 %0.2 %— %
Legislative changes0.8 %— %(1.2)%
Non-deductible goodwill impairment— %— %(2.3)%
Amended returns— %0.1 %1.9 %
Net capital losses from sale of business— %0.4 %6.8 %
Other1.1 %(1.2)%0.1 %
Effective tax rate27.7 %18.8 %18.8 %
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The components of the Company's net deferred tax liabilities as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:
(in thousands)December 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Deferred tax assets:
Accrued liabilities and reserves$113,085 $114,950 
Tax loss and credit carryforwards594,821 652,690 
Disallowed interest carryforward140,974 57,043 
Postretirement benefits9,273 10,221 
Deferred revenue140,604 104,791 
Other92,613 113,586 
Total deferred tax assets1,091,370 1,053,281 
Valuation allowance(60,157)(68,013)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance$1,031,213 $985,268 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Subscriber system assets$(729,548)$(684,110)
Intangible assets(1,139,927)(1,271,722)
Other(27,442)(18,610)
Total deferred tax liabilities(1,896,917)(1,974,442)
Net deferred tax liabilities$(865,704)$(989,174)
Summary of Valuation Allowance
The changes in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets for the periods presented were as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202120202019
Beginning balance $(68,013)$(56,841)$(9,558)
Income tax benefit (expense)2,378 (11,999)(49,291)
Write-offs and other(1)
5,478 827 2,008 
Ending balance$(60,157)$(68,013)$(56,841)
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(1)Includes the removal of valuation allowances associated with certain tax attributes that expired during the current year. Both the expired attributes and related valuation allowances were removed concurrently.
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward
The following is a rollforward of unrecognized tax benefits for the periods presented:
Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202120202019
Beginning balance$65,990 $65,117 $80,201 
Gross increase related to prior year tax positions373 1,348 5,666 
Gross decrease related to prior year tax positions— (732)(5,237)
Increases related to current year tax positions— — 1,000 
Increases related to acquisitions— 400 1,145 
Decreases related to dispositions— — (14,043)
Decrease related to settlements with taxing authorities— — (3,717)
Decreases related to lapse of statute of limitation(142)(143)(460)
Other changes not impacting the statement of operations— — 562 
Ending balance$66,221 $65,990 $65,117 
Summary of Open Tax Years The following is a summary of open tax years by jurisdiction:
JurisdictionYears
Open to Audit
Federal
2018 - 2020
State
2015 - 2020
Canada
2017 - 2020