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Revenue and Receivables
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue and Receivables REVENUE AND RECEIVABLES
Revenue
The Company generates revenue through contractual monthly recurring fees received for monitoring and related services provided to customers, as well as the sale and installation of security and solar systems (referred to as “systems”).
Revenue is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations net of sales and other taxes. Amounts collected from customers for sales and other taxes are reported as a liability net of the related amounts remitted. When customers terminate a monitoring contract early, contract termination charges are assessed in accordance with the contract terms and are recognized in monitoring and related services revenue when collectability is probable.
The Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on relative standalone selling price, which is determined using observable internal and external pricing, profitability, and operational metrics. For CSB, the Company’s performance obligations generally include monitoring, related services (such as maintenance agreements), and the sale and installation of a security system in outright sales transactions or a material right in transactions in which the Company retains ownership of the security system. For Solar, the Company’s performance obligations generally include the sale and installation of a solar system and may include additional performance obligations such as roofing services or the sale and installation of additional products such as batteries.
In addition to details provided below, the Company’s disaggregated revenue is presented on the face of the Consolidated Statements of Operations, which includes monitoring and related services and security installation, product, and other revenue presented for its CSB segment, as well as Solar installation, product, and other revenue.
CSB Company-Owned - In transactions in which the Company provides monitoring and related services but retains ownership of the security system (referred to as Company-owned transactions), the Company’s performance obligations primarily include
(i) monitoring and related services, which are recognized when these services are provided to the customer, and (ii) a material right associated with the one-time non-refundable fees incurred in connection with the initiation of a monitoring contract which the customer will not be required to pay again upon a renewal of the contract (referred to as deferred subscriber acquisition revenue).
Deferred subscriber acquisition revenue is amortized on a pooled basis over the estimated life of the customer relationship using an accelerated method consistent with the treatment of subscriber system assets and deferred subscriber acquisition costs and is reflected in security installation, product, and other revenue.
Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
202320222021
Amortization of deferred subscriber acquisition revenue$301,708 $235,190 $164,180 
CSB Customer-Owned - In transactions involving security systems sold outright to the customer (referred to as outright sales), the Company’s performance obligations generally include the sale and installation of the system, which is primarily recognized at a point in time based upon the nature of the transaction and contractual terms, and any monitoring and related services, which are recognized when these services are provided to the customer.
Solar - The Company’s performance obligations generally include the sale and installation of a solar system. Transactions within the Solar business may also include additional performance obligations such as roofing services or the sale and installation of additional products (such as batteries). Revenue is recognized when control over the products and services are transferred to the customer and is reflected in solar installation, product, and other revenue.
Solar revenue was not material during 2021 subsequent to the date of the ADT Solar Acquisition.
Revenue and cost of revenue from Solar equipment was $154 million and $121 million, respectively, during 2023, and $451 million and $292 million, respectively, during 2022.
The Company enters into agreements with third-party lenders to access loan products for the Company’s Solar customers. These lenders remit the amount of such loans, net of fees, upon installation or based on other contractual terms with the third-party lenders. These fees are recorded as a reduction of solar installation, product, and other revenue and were $52 million and $141 million during 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue represents customer billings for services not yet rendered and is primarily related to recurring monitoring and related services. In addition, payments received for the sale and installation of a system after the agreement is signed but before performance obligations are satisfied are recorded as deferred revenue.
These amounts are recorded as current deferred revenue, as the Company expects to satisfy any remaining performance obligations, as well as recognize the related revenue, within the next twelve months when performance obligations are satisfied. Accordingly, the Company has applied the practical expedient regarding deferred revenue to exclude the value of remaining performance obligations if (i) the contract has an original expected term of one year or less or (ii) the Company recognizes revenue in proportion to the amount it has the right to invoice for services performed.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable represent unconditional rights to consideration from customers in the ordinary course of business and are generally due in one year or less. The Company’s accounts receivable are recorded at amortized cost less an allowance for credit losses not expected to be recovered. The allowance for credit losses is recognized at inception and reassessed each reporting period.
The Company evaluates its allowance for credit losses on accounts receivable in pools based on customer type. For each customer pool, the allowance for credit losses is estimated based on the delinquency status of the underlying receivables and the related historical loss experience, as adjusted for current and expected future conditions, if applicable. The allowance for credit losses is not material for the individual pools of customers.
Changes in the Allowance for Credit Losses:
Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202320222021
Beginning balance$35,482 $22,104 $28,608 
Provision for credit losses(1)
138,225 90,502 50,717 
Write-offs, net of recoveries(2)
(120,478)(77,124)(57,221)
Ending balance$53,229 $35,482 $22,104 
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(1)The provision for credit losses during 2021 was impacted by adjustments related to the COVID-19 Pandemic.
(2)Recoveries were not material for the periods presented. As such, write-offs are presented net of recoveries.
Retail Installment Contract Receivables
For security system transactions occurring under both Company-owned and customer-owned equipment models, the Company’s retail installment contract option allows qualifying residential customers to pay the fees due at installation over a 24-, 36-, or 60-month interest-free period. The financing component of retail installment contract receivables is not significant.
Upon origination of a retail installment contract, the Company utilizes external credit scores to assess customer credit quality and determine eligibility. In addition, customers are required to enroll in the Company’s automated payment process in order to enter into a retail installment contract.
Subsequent to origination, the Company monitors the delinquency status of retail installment contract receivables as the key credit quality indicator. As of December 31, 2023, the current and delinquent billed retail installment contract receivables were not material.
The Company’s retail installment contract receivables are recorded at amortized cost less an allowance for credit losses not expected to be recovered. The allowance for credit losses is recognized at inception and reassessed each reporting period. The allowance for credit losses relates to retail installment contract receivables from outright sales transactions and is not material.
The balance of unbilled retail installment contract receivables comprises:
December 31,
(in thousands)20232022
Retail installment contract receivables, gross$674,827 $532,406 
Allowance for credit losses(1,192)(890)
Retail installment contract receivables, net$673,635 $531,516 
Balance Sheet Classification:
Accounts receivable, net$238,961 $169,242 
Other assets434,674 362,274 
Retail installment contract receivables, net$673,635 $531,516 
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, retail installment contract receivables, net, used as collateral for borrowings under the 2020 Receivables Facility were $610 million and $506 million, respectively. Refer to Note 8 “Debt” for further discussion regarding the 2020 Receivables Facility.
Contract Assets
Contract assets represent the Company’s right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer. The contract asset is reclassified to accounts receivable as additional services are performed and billed, which is when the Company’s right to the consideration becomes unconditional. The Company has the right to bill customers as services are provided over time, which generally occurs over the course of a 24-, 36-, or 60-month period. The financing component of contract assets is not significant.
The Company records an allowance for credit losses against its contract assets for amounts not expected to be recovered. The allowance is recognized at inception and is reassessed each reporting period. The allowance for credit losses on contract assets was not material for the periods presented.
Gross contract assets recognized by the Company were not material for the periods presented.
The balance of contract assets for residential transactions comprises:
December 31,
(in thousands)20232022
Contract assets, gross$39,627 $52,591 
Allowance for credit losses(9,025)(5,453)
Contract assets, net$30,602 $47,138 
Balance Sheet Classification:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets$15,365 $32,495 
Other assets15,237 14,643 
Contract assets, net$30,602 $47,138