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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 29, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | (1) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Valmont Industries, Inc. and its wholly and majority‑owned subsidiaries (the Company). The investment in Delta EMD Pty. Ltd ("EMD") is recorded at fair value subsequent to its deconsolidation in 2013. Investments in other 20% to 50% owned affiliates and joint ventures are accounted for by the equity method. Investments in less than 20% owned affiliates are accounted for by the cost method. All intercompany items have been eliminated. Cash overdrafts Cash book overdrafts totaling $8,888 and $21,537 were classified as accounts payable at December 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017, respectively. The Company’s policy is to report the change in book overdrafts as an operating activity in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Segments The Company has four reportable segments based on its management structure. Each segment is global in nature with a manager responsible for segment operational performance and allocation of capital within the segment. Reportable segments are as follows: ENGINEERED SUPPORT STRUCTURES: This segment consists of the manufacture and distribution of engineered metal and composite poles, towers, and components for global lighting, traffic, and wireless communication markets, engineered access systems, integrated structure solutions for smart cities, and highway safety products; UTILITY SUPPORT STRUCTURES: This segment consists of the manufacture of engineered steel and concrete structures for the global utility transmission, distribution, and generation applications, renewable energy generation equipment, and inspection services; COATINGS: This segment consists of galvanizing, painting, and anodizing services; and IRRIGATION: This segment consists of the manufacture of agricultural irrigation equipment, parts, services, tubular products, water management solutions, and technology for precision agriculture. In addition to these four reportable segments, there are other businesses and activities that individually are not more than 10% of consolidated sales, operating income or assets. This includes the manufacture of forged steel grinding media for the mining industry and is reported in the "Other" category. The grinding media business was divested in 2018. Fiscal Year The Company operates on a 52 or 53 week fiscal year with each year ending on the last Saturday in December. Accordingly, the Company’s fiscal year ended December 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017 consisted of 52 weeks and fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 consisted of 53 weeks. The estimated impact on the company's results of operations due to the extra week in fiscal 2016 was additional net sales of approximately $50,000 and additional net earnings of approximately $3,000. (1) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable are reported on the balance sheet net of any allowance for doubtful accounts. Allowances are maintained in amounts considered to be appropriate in relation to the outstanding receivables based on age of the receivable, economic conditions and customer credit quality. As the Company’s international Irrigation business has grown, the exposure to potential losses in international markets has also increased. These exposures can be difficult to estimate, particularly in areas of political instability, or with governments with which the Company has limited experience, or where there is a lack of transparency as to the current credit condition of governmental units. The Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts related to current accounts receivable was $8,277 at December 29, 2018. Inventories Approximately 37% and 37% of inventory is valued at the lower of cost, determined on the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method, or market as of December 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017, respectively. All other inventory is valued at the lower of cost, determined on the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method or market. Finished goods and manufactured goods inventories include the costs of acquired raw materials and related factory labor and overhead charges required to convert raw materials to manufactured and finished goods. The excess of replacement cost of inventories over the LIFO value is approximately $53,619 and $43,727 at December 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017, respectively. Long-Lived Assets Property, plant and equipment are recorded at historical cost. The Company generally uses the straight-line method in computing depreciation and amortization for financial reporting purposes and accelerated methods for income tax purposes. The annual provisions for depreciation and amortization have been computed principally in accordance with the following ranges of asset lives: buildings and improvements 15 to 40 years, machinery and equipment 3 to 12 years, transportation equipment 3 to 24 years, office furniture and equipment 3 to 7 years and intangible assets 5 to 20 years. Depreciation expense in fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $67,499, $69,046 and $66,482, respectively. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable and exceeds estimated future undiscounted cash flows of the asset. A recognized impairment loss reduces the carrying amount of the asset to its estimated fair value. Impairment losses were recorded in 2018 and 2016 as facilities were closed and future plans for certain fixed assets changed in connection with the Company's restructuring plans. The Company evaluates its reporting units for impairment of goodwill during the third fiscal quarter of each year, or when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Reporting units are evaluated using after-tax operating cash flows (less capital expenditures) discounted to present value. Indefinite‑lived intangible assets are assessed separately from goodwill as part of the annual impairment testing, using a relief-from-royalty method. If the underlying assumptions related to the valuation of a reporting unit’s goodwill or an indefinite‑lived intangible asset change materially before or after the annual impairment testing, the reporting unit or asset is evaluated for potential impairment. In these evaluations, management considers recent operating performance, expected future performance, industry conditions and other indicators of potential impairment. See footnote 8 for details of impairments recognized during 2018. Income Taxes The Company uses the asset and liability method to calculate deferred income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized on temporary differences between financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates. The effect of tax rate changes on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income during the period that includes the enactment date. (1) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) Warranties The Company's provision for product warranty reflects management's best estimate of probable liability under its product warranties. Estimated future warranty costs are recorded at the time a sale is recognized. Future warranty liability is determined based on applying historical claim rate experience to units sold that are still within the warranty period. In addition, the Company records provisions for known warranty claims. Pension Benefits Certain expenses are incurred in connection with a defined benefit pension plan. In order to measure expense and the related benefit obligation, various assumptions are made including discount rates used to value the obligation, expected return on plan assets used to fund these expenses and estimated future inflation rates. These assumptions are based on historical experience as well as current facts and circumstances. An actuarial analysis is used to measure the expense and liability associated with pension benefits. Derivative Instruments The Company may enter into derivative financial instruments to manage risk associated with fluctuation in interest rates, foreign currency rates or commodities. Where applicable, the Company may elect to account for such derivatives as either a cash flow, fair value, or net investment hedge. Comprehensive Income (Loss) Comprehensive income (loss) includes net income, currency translation adjustments, certain derivative-related activity and changes in net actuarial gains/losses from a pension plan. Results of operations for foreign subsidiaries are translated using the average exchange rates during the period. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet dates. The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consisted of the following:
| Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments |  | Gain on Hedging Activities |  | Defined Benefit Pension Plan |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at December 30, 2017 | $ | (171,399 | ) |  | $ | 6,357 |  |  | $ | (113,980 | ) |  | $ | (279,022 | )
Current-period comprehensive income (loss) | (68,065 | ) |  | 3,599 |  |  | 29,885 |  |  | (34,581 | )
Divestiture of grinding media business | 9,203 |  |  | 1,215 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 10,418 |
Balance at December 29, 2018 | $ | (230,261 | ) |  | $ | 11,171 |  |  | $ | (84,095 | ) |  | $ | (303,185 | )
Subsequent Events On December 31, 2018, the Company acquired the assets of Larson Camouflage, an industry-leading provider of architectural and camouflage concealment solutions for the wireless telecommunication market. The business is located in Tucson, Arizona. The acquisition was funded with cash on hand and will be included in the ESS segment. On February 11, 2019, the Company acquired the outstanding shares of United Galvanizing, Inc. located in Houston, Texas. The acquisition was made to expand the North America coatings footprint. The acquisition was funded with cash on hand and will be included in the Coatings segment. (1) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) Revenue Recognition On December 31, 2017, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606). The Company elected to use the modified retrospective approach for the adoption of the new revenue standard. The cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue standard was recorded as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings, which impacted the Consolidated Balance Sheet as follows:
Balance Sheet | December 30, 2017 |  | ASC 606 Adjustments |  | December 31, 2017
Assets |  |  |  |  |
Inventories | $ | 420,948 |  |  | $ | (36,243 | ) |  | $ | 384,705 |
Contract asset - costs & profits in excess of billings | 16,165 |  |  | 51,507 |  |  | 67,672 |
Liabilities and shareholders' equity |  |  |  |  |
Accrued expenses | 81,029 |  |  | 2,043 |  |  | 83,072 |
Deferred income taxes | 34,906 |  |  | 3,450 |  |  | 38,356 |
Retained earnings | 1,954,344 |  |  | 9,771 |  |  | 1,964,115 |
The adoption of ASC 606 had the following impact on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2018:
Balance Sheet | As Reported |  | Balance Excluding ASC 606 Effects |  | Change
Assets |  |  |  |  |
Inventories | $ | 383,566 |  |  | $ | 446,267 |  |  | $ | (62,701 | )
Contract asset - costs & profits in excess of billings | 112,525 |  |  | 24,647 |  |  | 87,878 |
Liabilities and shareholders' equity |  |  |  |  |
Accrued expenses | 91,942 |  |  | 86,174 |  |  | 5,768 |
Deferred income taxes | 43,489 |  |  | 38,492 |  |  | 4,997 |
Retained earnings | 2,027,596 |  |  | 2,013,184 |  |  | 14,412 |
Statement of Earnings | As Reported |  | Balance Excluding ASC 606 Effects |  | Change
Net Sales | $ | 2,757,144 |  |  | $ | 2,720,773 |  |  | $ | 36,371 |
Operating Income | 202,280 |  |  | $ | 196,092 |  |  | $ | 6,188 |
The Company determines the appropriate revenue recognition for our contracts by analyzing the type, terms and conditions of each contract or arrangement with a customer. Contracts with customers for all businesses are fixed-price with sales tax excluded from revenue, and do not include variable consideration. Discounts included in contracts with customers, typically early pay discounts, are recorded as a reduction of net sales in the period in which the sale is recognized. Contract revenues are classified as product when the performance obligation is related to the manufacturing of goods. Contract revenues are classified as service when the performance obligation is the performance of a service. Service revenue is primarily related to the Coatings segment. Customer acceptance provisions exist only in the design stage of our products and acceptance of the design by the customer is required before the project is manufactured and delivered to the customer. The Company is not entitled to any compensation solely based on design of the product and does not recognize revenue associated with the design stage. There is (1) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) one performance obligation for revenue recognition. No general rights of return exist for customers once the product has been delivered and the Company establishes provisions for estimated warranties. The Company does not sell extended warranties for any of its products. Shipping and handling costs associated with sales are recorded as cost of goods sold. The Company elected to use the practical expedient of treating freight as a fulfillment obligation instead of a separate performance obligation and ratably recognize freight expense as the structure is being manufactured, when the revenue from the associated customer contract is being recognized over time. With the exception of the Utility segment and the wireless communication structures product line, the Company’s inventory is interchangeable for a variety of each segment’s customers. The Company elected the practical expedient to not disclose the partially satisfied performance obligation at the end of the period when the contract has an original expected duration of one year or less. The Company did not have any significant contracts with an original expected duration of more than one year at December 29, 2018. In addition, the Company elected the practical expedient to not adjust the amount of consideration to be received in a contract for any significant financing component if payment is expected within twelve months of transfer of control of goods or services; the Company expects all consideration to be received in one year or less at contract inception. Segment and Product Line Revenue Recognition The global Utility segment revenues are derived from manufactured steel and concrete structures for the North America utility industry and offshore and other complex structures used in energy generation and distribution outside of the United States. Steel and concrete utility structures are engineered to customer specifications resulting in limited ability to sell the structure to a different customer if an order is canceled after production commences. The continuous transfer of control to the customer is evidenced either by contractual termination clauses or by our rights to payment for work performed to-date plus a reasonable profit as the products do not have an alternative use to the Company. Since control is transferring over time, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The selection of the method to measure progress towards completion requires judgment. For our steel and concrete utility and wireless communication structure product lines, we generally recognize revenue on an inputs basis, using total production hours incurred to-date for each order as a percentage of total hours estimated to produce the order. The completion percentage is applied to the order’s total revenue and total estimated costs to determine reported revenue, cost of goods sold and gross profit. Production of an order, once started, is typically completed within three months. Revenue from the offshore and other complex structures business is also recognized using an inputs method, based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. External sales agents are used in certain sales of steel and concrete structures; the Company has chosen to use the practical expedient to expense estimated commissions owed to third parties by recognizing them proportionately as the goods are manufactured. The global ESS segment revenues are derived from the manufacture and distribution of engineered metal, composite structures and components for lighting and traffic and roadway safety, engineered access systems, and wireless communication. For the lighting and traffic and roadway safety product lines, revenue is recognized upon shipment or delivery of goods to the customer depending on contract terms, which is the same point in time that the customer is billed. For Access Systems, revenue is generally recognized upon delivery of goods to the customer which is the same point in time that the customer is billed. The wireless communication monopole product line has large regional customers who have unique product specifications for these larger communication structures. When the customer contract includes a cancellation clause that would require them to pay for work completed plus a reasonable margin if an order was canceled, revenue is recognized over time based on hours worked as a percent of total estimated hours to complete production. For the remaining wireless communication product line customers which do not provide a contractual right to bill for work completed on a canceled order, revenue is recognized upon shipment or delivery of the goods to the customer which is the same point in time that the customer is billed. For wireless communication towers and components, revenue is recognized upon shipment or delivery of goods to the customer depending on contract terms, which is the same point in time that the customer is billed. The global Coatings segment revenues are derived by providing coating services to customers’ products, which include galvanizing, anodizing, and powder coating. Revenue is recognized once the coating service has been performed and the goods are ready to be picked up or delivered to the customer which is the same time that the customer is billed. (1) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) The global Irrigation segment revenues are derived from the manufacture of agricultural irrigation equipment and related parts and services for the agricultural industry and tubular products for industrial customers. Revenue recognition for the irrigation segment is generally upon shipment of the goods to the customer which is the same point in time that the customer is billed. The remote monitoring subscription services are primarily billed annually and revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the subsequent twelve months. Disaggregation of revenue by product line is disclosed in the Segment footnote. A breakdown by segment of revenue recognized over time and revenue recognized at a point in time for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2018 is as follows:
| Point in Time |  | Over Time
| Fiscal year ended December 29, 2018 |  | Fiscal year ended December 29, 2018
Utility Support Structures | $ | 16,760 |  |  | $ | 838,446 |
Engineered Support Structures | 922,677 |  |  | 44,681 |
Coatings | 286,739 |  |  | — |
Irrigation | 612,385 |  |  | 12,376 |
Other | 23,080 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 1,861,641 |  |  | $ | 895,503 |
The Company's contract asset as of December 29, 2018 is $112,525. The contract assets attributable to the cumulative effect from the adoption of the new revenue recognition guidance was $51,507; the contract asset at December 30, 2017, attributable to the offshore and other complex structures product line, was $16,165. Both steel and concrete utility customers are generally invoiced upon shipment or delivery of the goods to the customer's specified location and there are normally no up-front or progress payments. The increase in the contract asset between ASC 606 adoption date to year-end 2018 is attributed to an increase in finished structures that had not yet been shipped to the customers. The offshore and complex steel structures business invoices customers a number of ways including advanced billings, progress billings, and billings upon shipment. At December 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017, the contract liability for revenue recognized over time was $4,906 and $7,368. The contract liability is included in Accrued Expenses on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the fiscal year ended December 29, 2018, the Company recognized $5,222 of revenue that was included in the liability as of December 30, 2017. The revenue recognized was due to applying advance payments received for projects completed during the period. Use of Estimates Management of the Company has made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities, the reported amounts of revenue and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities to prepare these financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Equity Method Investments The Company has equity method investments in non-consolidated subsidiaries which are recorded within "Other assets" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. (1) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) Treasury Stock Repurchased shares are recorded as “Treasury Stock” and result in a reduction of “Shareholders’ Equity.” When treasury shares are reissued, the Company uses the last-in, first-out method, and the difference between the repurchase cost and re-issuance price is charged or credited to “Additional Paid-In Capital.” In May 2014, the Company announced a capital allocation philosophy which covered a share repurchase program. Specifically, the Board of Directors at that time authorized the purchase of up to $500,000 of the Company's outstanding common stock from time to time over twelve months at prevailing market prices, through open market or privately-negotiated transactions. In February 2015 and again in October 2018, the Board of Directors authorized an additional purchase of up to $250,000 of the Company's outstanding common stock with no stated expiration date. As of December 29, 2018, the Company has acquired 5,431,409 shares for approximately $732,634 under this share repurchase program. Research and Development Research and development costs are charged to operations in the year incurred. These costs are a component of “Selling, general and administrative expenses” on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Research and development expenses were approximately $11,500 in 2018, $11,600 in 2017, and $8,300 in 2016. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-9, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 605, Revenue Recognition. Effective December 31, 2017, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The Company elected the modified retrospective approach for the adoption of the new revenue standard, resulting in a credit to retained earnings being recognized for $9,771. The Company calculated the cumulative effect on revenue of approximately $51,507 with $13,121 of pre-tax operating income; these were customer orders for the steel utility, concrete utility, and wireless communication structures product lines at various stages of production at December 30, 2017. In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Presentation of Net Periodic Benefit Cost Related to Defined Benefit Plans, which amends the income statement presentation requirements for the components of net periodic benefit cost for an entity's defined benefit pension and post-retirement plans. The Company adopted this ASU in the first quarter of 2018, recognizing the Delta Pension Plan (DPP) net periodic pension expense within Other income (expense). The Company reclassified $648 and $1,870 of DPP net periodic pension expense in 2017 and 2016 out of selling, general, and administrative expense and into Other expense. In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash, which requires amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents to be included within cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown in the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted the ASU in the first quarter of 2018, recasting the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total cash and cash equivalent amounts on the statement of cash flows to include the £10,000 restricted cash account for the pension plan at December 31, 2016, thus reducing cash flows from operating activities by $12,568 in 2017. The Company did not have any restricted cash at December 29, 2018 or December 30, 2017. In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which improves the financial reporting of hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. ASU 2017-12 is effective for periods and fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted for any interim period post issuance. The (1) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) Company adopted this ASU in the first quarter of 2018, which did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments in the Statement of Cash Flows, which provides more specific guidance on cash flow presentation for certain transactions. ASU 2016-15 is effective for interim periods and fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this ASU in the first quarter of 2018, which did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory, which requires the Company to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs, as opposed to when it is sold to an outside party. The Company adopted this standard in 2018 and the result was an increase to retained earnings of $1,038. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, which provides revised guidance on leases requiring lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for virtually all of their leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a short-term lease). ASU 2016-02 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and the Company will adopt this ASU in the first quarter of 2019. The Company's analysis estimates that total liabilities and total assets will increase by $100,000 to $120,000 upon adoption the first day of fiscal 2019. The Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial term of 12 months or less off of the balance sheet for all classes of underlying assets. In addition, the Company elected certain practical expedients not to reassess whether existing contracts are or contain leases, to not reassess the lease classification of any existing leases, to not reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases, and to not separate lease components for all classes of underlying assets. The Company will elect not to recast its comparative periods in transition (the “Comparatives Under 840 Option”) as allowed under ASU 2018-11.

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