COMMITMENTS AND OFF BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

Purchase Obligations and Lease Commitments

The Company had various purchase obligations at December 31, 2016 totaling $3 billion over a period of approximately 30 years for materials, supplies, and energy incident to the ordinary conduct of business. Commitments for purchases increased in 2016 as compared to 2015 primarily as a result of new purchase commitments for raw materials of $1.5 billion spanning over approximately 25 years. The Company also had various lease commitments for property and equipment under cancelable, noncancelable, and month-to-month operating leases totaling approximately $265 million over a period of approximately 40 years. Of the total lease commitments, approximately 50 percent relate to real property, including office space, storage facilities, and land; approximately 40 percent relate to railcars; and approximately 10 percent relate to machinery and equipment, including computer and communications equipment and production equipment. Rental expense, net of sublease income, was $90 million, $79 million, and $69 million in 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively (prior years rental expense has been revised from Note 12, "Commitments", to the Company's 2015 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which incorrectly reported rental expense of $91 million and $80 million for 2015 and 2014, respectively).

The obligations described above, debt repayment obligations, and credit facilities and commercial paper borrowings, are summarized in the following table:



(Dollars in millions)	Payments Due for
Period	Debt Securities		Credit Facilities and Other		Interest Payable		Purchase Obligations		Operating Leases		Other Liabilities⁽¹⁾		Total
2017	$	—	$	283	$	229	$	211	$	62	$	239	$	1,024
2018	—		37		231		208		49		82		607
2019	249		250		227		186		36		74		1,022
2020	796		30		199		186		29		88		1,328
2021	184		232		185		160		24		84		869
2022 and beyond	4,533		—		1,788		2,052		65		1,074		9,512
Total	$	5,762	$	832	$	2,859	$	3,003	$	265	$	1,641	$	14,362

⁽¹⁾

Amounts represent the current estimated cash payments required to be made by the Company primarily for pension and other postretirement benefits, environmental loss contingency reserves, accrued compensation benefits, uncertain tax liabilities, and commodity and foreign exchange hedging in the periods indicated. Due to uncertainties in the timing of the effective settlement of tax positions with respect to taxing authorities, management is unable to determine the timing of payments related to uncertain tax liabilities and these amounts are included in the "2022 and beyond" line item.

Guarantees

The Company has operating leases with terms that require the Company to guarantee a portion of the residual value of the leased assets upon termination of the lease as well as other guarantees. Disclosures about each group of similar guarantees are provided below.

Residual Value Guarantees

The Company has operating leases with terms that require the Company to guarantee a portion of the residual value of the leased assets upon termination of the lease. These residual value guarantees totaled $94 million at December 31, 2016 and consist primarily of leases for railcars and the Company aircraft mostly expiring in 2017. Residual guarantee payments that become probable and estimable are accrued to rent expense over the remaining life of the applicable lease. Management's current expectation is that the likelihood of material residual guarantee payments is remote.

Other Guarantees

Guarantees and claims also arise during the ordinary course of business from relationships with customers, suppliers, joint venture partners, and other parties when the Company undertakes an obligation to guarantee the performance of others, if specified triggering events occur. Non-performance under a contract could trigger an obligation of the Company. The Company's current other guarantees include guarantees relating primarily to intellectual property, environmental matters, and other indemnifications and have arisen through the normal course of business. The ultimate effect on future financial results is not subject to reasonable estimation because considerable uncertainty exists as to the final outcome of these claims, if they were to occur. These other guarantees have terms up to 30 years with maximum potential future payments of approximately $35 million in the aggregate, with none of these guarantees being individually significant to the Company's operating results, financial position, or liquidity. The Company's current expectation is that future payment or performance related to non-performance under other guarantees is remote.

Other Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company has rights and obligations under non-recourse factoring facilities, assumed as part of the acquisition of Taminco, that have a combined limit of €150 million ($158 million) as of December 31, 2016 and are committed until December 2017. These arrangements include receivables in the United States, Belgium, and Finland, and are subject to various eligibility requirements. The Company sells the receivables at face value but receives funding (approximately 85 percent) net of a deposit amount until collections are received from customers for the receivables sold. The total amounts of cumulative receivables sold in 2016 and 2015 were approximately $890 million and $995 million, respectively. As part of the program, the Company continues to service the receivables at market rates with no servicing assets or liabilities recognized. The amounts of sold receivables outstanding under the non-recourse factoring facilities were $99 million and $106 million at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. The fair value of the receivables sold equals the carrying value at the time of the sale, and no gain or loss is recognized. The Company is exposed to a credit loss of up to 10 percent on sold receivables.