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DERIVATIVE AND NON-DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract] |
DERIVATIVES | DERIVATIVE AND NON-DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS Overview of Hedging Programs Eastman is exposed to market risks, such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, and interest rates. To mitigate these market risks and their effects on the cash flows of the underlying transactions and investments in foreign subsidiaries, the Company uses various derivative and non-derivative financial instruments, when appropriate, in accordance with the Company's hedging strategy and policies. Designation is performed on a specific exposure basis to support hedge accounting. The Company does not enter into derivative transactions for speculative purposes. Cash Flow Hedges Cash flow hedges are derivative instruments designated as and used to hedge the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that are attributable to a particular risk. The derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a cash flow hedge are reported on the balance sheet at fair value and the changes in fair value of these hedging instruments are offset in part or in whole by corresponding changes in the anticipated cash flows of the underlying exposures being hedged. The net of the change in the hedge instrument and item being hedged for qualifying cash flow hedges is reported as a component of AOCI located in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Gains and losses on the derivatives representing either hedge ineffectiveness or hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized in current earnings. Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Hedging Eastman manufactures and sells its products in a number of countries throughout the world and, as a result, is exposed to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. To manage the volatility relating to these exposures, the Company nets the exposures on a consolidated basis to take advantage of natural offsets. To manage the remaining exposure, the Company enters into currency option and forward cash flow hedges to hedge probable anticipated, but not yet committed, export sales and purchase transactions expected within a rolling three year period and denominated in foreign currencies (principally the euro and Japanese yen). Additionally, the Company, from time to time, enters into forward exchange contract cash flow hedges to hedge certain firm commitments denominated in foreign currencies. Commodity Hedging Certain raw material and energy sources used by Eastman, as well as sales of certain commodity products by the Company, are subject to price volatility caused by weather, supply and demand conditions, economic variables and other unpredictable factors. This volatility is primarily related to the market pricing of propane, ethane, natural gas, paraxylene, ethylene, and benzene. In order to mitigate expected fluctuations in market prices, the Company enters into option and forward contracts and designates these contracts as cash flow hedges. The Company currently hedges commodity price risks using derivative financial instrument transactions within a rolling three year period. The Company weights its hedge portfolio more heavily in the first year with declining coverage over the remaining periods. Interest Rate Hedging Eastman's policy is to manage interest expense using a mix of fixed and variable rate debt. To manage interest rate risk effectively, the Company, from time to time, enters into cash flow interest rate derivative instruments, primarily forward starting swaps and treasury locks, to hedge the Company's exposure to movements in interest rates prior to anticipated debt offerings. These instruments are designated as cash flow hedges and are typically 100 percent effective. As a result, there is normally no impact on earnings due to hedge ineffectiveness. Fair Value Hedges Fair value hedges are defined as derivative or non-derivative instruments designated as and used to hedge the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset or a liability or an identified portion thereof that is attributable to a particular risk. The derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value and the changes in fair value of these hedging instruments are offset in part or in whole by corresponding changes in the anticipated cash flows of the underlying exposures being hedged. The net of the change in the hedge instrument and item being hedged for qualifying fair value hedges is reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Gains and losses on the derivatives representing hedge ineffectiveness are recognized in current earnings. Interest Rate Hedging Eastman's policy is to manage interest expense using a mix of fixed and variable rate debt. To manage the Company's mix of fixed and variable rate debt effectively, from time to time, the Company enters into interest rate swaps in which the Company agrees to exchange the difference between fixed and variable interest amounts calculated by reference to an agreed upon notional principal amount. These swaps are designated as hedges of the fair value of the underlying debt obligations and the interest rate differential is reflected as an adjustment to interest expense over the life of the swaps. As these instruments are typically 100 percent effective, there is normally no impact on earnings due to hedge ineffectiveness. In 2016, the Company entered into a $75 million notional fixed-to-floating interest rate swap on the 3.8% notes due March 2025 in order to manage the Company's mix of fixed and variable rate debt. Net Investment Hedges Net investment hedges are defined as derivative or non-derivative instruments designated as and used to hedge the foreign currency exposure of the net investment in certain foreign operations. The net of the change in the hedge instrument and item being hedged for qualifying net investment hedges is reported as a component of the CTA within OCI located in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings. Gains and losses representing either hedge ineffectiveness or hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized in current earnings. The Company designated the euro-denominated 1.50% notes due May 2023 in the principal amounts of €200 million ($213 million) in fourth quarter 2016 and €550 million ($614 million) in second quarter 2016 and the euro-denominated 1.875% notes due November 2026 in the principal amount of €500 million ($534 million) in fourth quarter 2016 as non-derivative net investment hedges of a portion of the Company's net investments in euro functional currency-denominated subsidiaries to offset foreign currency fluctuations. Summary of Financial Position and Financial Performance of Hedging Instruments The following table presents the notional amounts outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016 associated with Eastman's hedging programs.
Notional Outstanding | December 31, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: |  |  |
Foreign Exchange Forward and Option Contracts (in millions) |  |  |
| EUR/USD (in EUR) | €525 |  | €378
| EUR/USD (in approximate USD equivalent) | $630 |  | $398
| JPY/USD (in JPY) | ¥0 |  | ¥1,800
| JPY/USD (in approximate USD equivalent) | $0 |  | $15
Commodity Forward and Collar Contracts |  |  |
| Feedstock (in million barrels) | 7 |  |  | 11 |
| Energy (in million million british thermal units) | 23 |  |  | 23 |
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges: |  |  |
Fixed-for-floating interest rate swaps (in millions) | $75 |  | $75
Non-derivatives designated as net investment hedges: |  |  |
Foreign Currency Net Investment Hedges (in millions) |  |  |
| EUR/USD (in EUR) | €1,240 |  | €1,238
Fair Value Measurements For additional information on fair value measurement, see Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies". The fair value principles prioritize valuation inputs across three broad levels. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroborations, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs based on the Company's assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. All the Company's derivative assets and liabilities are currently classified as Level 2. Level 2 fair value is based on estimates using standard pricing models. These standard pricing models use inputs that are derived from or corroborated by observable market data such as interest rate yield curves and currency spot and forward rates. The fair value of commodity contracts is derived using forward curves supplied by an industry recognized and unrelated third party. In addition, on an ongoing basis, the Company tests a subset of its valuations against valuations received from the transaction's counterparty to validate the accuracy of its standard pricing models. Counterparties to these derivative contracts are highly rated financial institutions which the Company believes carry minimal risk of nonperformance, and the Company diversifies its positions among such counterparties to reduce its exposure to counterparty risk and credit losses. The Company monitors the creditworthiness of its counterparties on an on-going basis. The Company did not realize a credit loss during the years ended December 31, 2017 or 2016. All the Company's derivative contracts are subject to master netting arrangements, or similar agreements, which provide for the option to settle contracts on a net basis when they settle on the same day and in the same currency. In addition, these arrangements provide for a net settlement of all contracts with a given counterparty in the event that the arrangement is terminated due to the occurrence of default or a termination event. The Company does not have any cash collateral due under such agreements. The Company elected to present derivative contracts on a gross basis within the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The following table presents the financial assets and liabilities valued on a recurring and gross basis and includes where the financial assets and liabilities are located within the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.
The Financial Position and Fair Value Measurements of Hedging Instruments on a Gross Basis
(Dollars in millions) |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative Type |  | Statements of Financial Position Location |  | December 31, 2017 Level 2 |  | December 31, 2016 Level 2
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts |  | Other current assets |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 5 |
Commodity contracts |  | Other noncurrent assets |  | 4 |  |  | 2 |
Foreign exchange contracts |  | Other current assets |  | 23 |  |  | 49 |
Foreign exchange contracts |  | Other noncurrent assets |  | 2 |  |  | 47 |
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed-for-floating interest rate swap |  | Other current assets |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Total Derivative Assets |  |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 104 |
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts |  | Payables and other current liabilities |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 62 |
Commodity contracts |  | Other long-term liabilities |  | 10 |  |  | 69 |
Foreign exchange contracts |  | Payables and other current liabilities |  | 6 |  |  | — |
Foreign exchange contracts |  | Other long-term liabilities |  | 4 |  |  | — |
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed-for-floating interest rate swap |  | Long-term borrowings |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |
Total Derivative Liabilities |  |  |  | $ | 52 |  |  | $ | 135 |
Total Net Derivative Liabilities |  |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 31 |
In addition to the fair value associated with derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges and fair value hedges noted in the table above, the Company had a carrying value of $1.5 billion and $1.3 billion associated with non-derivative instruments designated as foreign currency net investment hedges as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The designated foreign currency-denominated borrowings are included as part of "Long-term borrowings" within the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The following table presents the effect of the Company's hedging instruments on OCI and financial performance for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:
(Dollars in millions) |  | Change in amount of after tax gain/(loss) recognized in OCI on Derivatives (effective portion) |  | Pre-tax amount of gain/(loss) reclassified from AOCI into income (effective portion) |  | Additional gain/(loss) recognized in earnings (effective portion) |  |
|  | December 31 |  | December 31 |  | December 31 |  |
Hedging Relationships |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | Income Statement Classification
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts |  | $ | 62 |  |  | $ | 193 |  |  | $ | (43 | ) |  | $ | (168 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | Cost of sales
Foreign exchange contracts |  | (50 | ) |  | (29 | ) |  | 35 |  |  | 63 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | Sales
Forward starting interest rate and treasury lock swap contracts |  | 3 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | (7 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | Net interest expense
Derivatives in fair value hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed-for-floating interest rate swaps |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 11 |  |  | Net interest expense
Non-derivatives in net investment hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net investment hedges (pre-tax) |  | (180 | ) |  | 43 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | N/A
Derivatives not designated as hedges(1): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange contracts |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (34 | ) |  | Other (income) charges, net
(1) | The gains or losses on derivatives that are not designated as hedges are marked-to-market and represent foreign exchange derivatives denominated in multiple currencies and are transacted and settled in the same quarter.
Pre-tax monetized positions and MTM gains and losses from raw materials and energy, currency, and certain interest rate hedges that were included in AOCI included losses of $214 million at December 31, 2017 and losses of $57 million at December 31, 2016. Losses in AOCI increased in 2017 compared to 2016 primarily as a result of an increase in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly the euro, partially offset by an increase in commodity prices, particularly propane. If realized, approximately $6 million in pre-tax losses will be reclassified into earnings during the next 12 months. The Company had no material ineffectiveness from the hedging programs during the years ended December 31, 2017 or 2016. In fourth quarter 2016 as a result of the early repayments of borrowings, the Company settled the notional amount of $500 million associated with the 2017 forward starting interest rate swap, which had a MTM loss on the settlement date of $44 million and was included as part of investing activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The early repayment of borrowings resulted in a charge of $18 million for cash flow hedges and a gain of $4 million for fair value hedges, which is included within the $76 million of debt extinguishment costs and related derivatives and hedging items on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings. For further information, see Note 8, "Borrowings".

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- Definition The entire disclosure for derivative instruments and hedging activities including, but not limited to, risk management strategies, non-hedging derivative instruments, assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and methodologies and assumptions used in determining the amounts. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2229140 + Details
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