GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill follow:



(Dollars in millions)	Additives & Functional Products			Advanced Materials			Chemical Intermediates			Other		Total
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	2,459		$	1,289		$	769		$	10	$	4,527
Impairments recognized	(38		)	—			—			—		(38		)
Currency translation adjustments	(11		)	(6		)	(5		)	—		(22		)
Balance at December 31, 2018	2,410			1,283			764			10		4,467
Acquisitions	15			—			—			—		15
Impairments recognized	(45		)	—			—			—		(45		)
Currency translation adjustments	(3		)	(1		)	(2		)	—		(6		)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	2,377		$	1,282		$	762		$	10	$	4,431

Eastman conducts testing of goodwill annually in the fourth quarter or more frequently when events and circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred. A reporting unit's goodwill is considered to be impaired when the reporting unit's estimated fair value is less than its carrying value. The Company uses an income approach and applies a discounted cash flow model in testing the carrying value of goodwill for each reporting unit. Key assumptions and estimates used in the Company's 2019 goodwill impairment testing included projections of revenues and EBIT determined using the Company's annual multi-year strategic plan, the estimated WACC, and a projected long-term growth rate. As a result of the goodwill impairment testing performed during fourth quarter 2019, fair values were determined to exceed the carrying values for each reporting unit tested with the exception of crop protection (part of the Additives & Functional Products ("AFP") segment).

In fourth quarter 2019 and 2018, as a result of the annual impairment test of goodwill, the Company recognized goodwill impairments of $45 million and $38 million, respectively, in the crop protection reporting unit. The impairment in 2019 was primarily due to the impact of recent regulatory changes in the European Union on current period and forecasted revenue and EBIT and a decrease in the long-term growth rate for the reporting unit assumed in the goodwill impairment model. The impairment in 2018 was primarily due to the WACC applied to the impairment analysis and the estimated impact of future regulatory changes. The crop protection reporting unit's goodwill after the reduction for impairment was $190 million as of December 31, 2019.

As of December 31, 2019, the reported balance of goodwill included accumulated impairment losses of $106 million, $12 million, and $14 million in the AFP segment, Chemical Intermediates ("CI") segment, and other segments, respectively.

As of December 31, 2018, the reported balance of goodwill included accumulated impairment losses of $61 million, $12 million, and $14 million in the AFP segment, CI segment, and other segments, respectively.

The carrying amounts of intangible assets follow:



				December 31, 2019						December 31, 2018
(Dollars in millions)	Estimated Useful Life in Years			Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value
Amortizable intangible assets:
Customer relationships	8	-	25	$	1,566	$	494	$	1,072	$	1,567	$	419	$	1,148
Technology	7	-	20	677		343		334		680		294		386
Contracts		5		—		—		—		180		147		33
Other	5	-	37	88		22		66		102		23		79

Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Tradenames				529		—		529		529		—		529
Other				10		—		10		10		—		10
Total identified intangible assets				$	2,870	$	859	$	2,011	$	3,068	$	883	$	2,185

Amortization expense of definite-lived intangible assets was $160 million, $164 million, and $164 million for 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Estimated amortization expense for future periods is $130 million in 2020, $125 million in 2021, and $115 million each year for 2022 through 2024.