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Investments (excluding Consolidated Investment Entities) (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Fixed Maturities
Available-for-sale and fair value option ("FVO") fixed maturities were as follows as of March 31, 2025:
Amortized CostGross Unrealized Capital GainsGross Unrealized Capital Losses
Embedded Derivatives(2)
Allowance for credit lossesFair Value
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Treasuries
$511 $$38 $— $— $475 
U.S. Government agencies and authorities
30 — — — 31 
State, municipalities and political subdivisions635 — 102 — — 533 
U.S. corporate public securities
8,313 138 989 — — 7,462 
U.S. corporate private securities5,672 56 279 — 5,448 
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments(1)
2,846 38 261 — 2,621 
Foreign corporate private securities(1)
2,887 31 121 — 2,788 
Residential mortgage-backed securities3,942 32 224 — — 3,750 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities3,578 467 — — 3,115 
Other asset-backed securities3,021 30 43 — 3,002 
Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged31,435 332 2,524 — 18 29,225 
Less: Securities pledged1,502 — 109 — — 1,393 
Total fixed maturities(3)
$29,933 $332 $2,415 $— $18 $27,832 
(1) Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.
(2) Embedded derivatives within fixed maturity securities are reported with the host investment. The changes in fair value of embedded derivatives are reported in Net gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(3) Includes fixed maturities of approximately $1.4 billion acquired in the first quarter of 2025 related to the acquisition of OneAmerica Financial's full-service retirement plan business.
Available-for-sale and FVO fixed maturities were as follows as of December 31, 2024:
Amortized CostGross Unrealized Capital GainsGross Unrealized Capital Losses
Embedded Derivatives(2)
Allowance for credit lossesFair Value
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Treasuries$524 $— $52 $— $— $472 
U.S. Government agencies and authorities29 — — — 30 
State, municipalities and political subdivisions697 — 117 — — 580 
U.S. corporate public securities7,938 124 1,054 — — 7,008 
U.S. corporate private securities5,275 43 329 — 4,983 
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments(1)
2,729 32 287 — 2,472 
Foreign corporate private securities(1)
2,693 22 169 — 2,537 
Residential mortgage-backed securities3,709 27 261 (4)— 3,471 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities3,677 532 — 17 3,132 
Other asset-backed securities2,779 39 45 — 2,769 
Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged30,050 292 2,846 (4)38 27,454 
Less: Securities pledged1,665 — 149 — — 1,516 
Total fixed maturities$28,385 $292 $2,697 $(4)$38 $25,938 
(1) Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.
(2) Embedded derivatives within fixed maturity securities are reported with the host investment. The changes in fair value of embedded derivatives are reported in Net gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Investments Classified by Contractual Maturity Date
The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturities, including securities pledged, as of March 31, 2025, are shown below by contractual maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities as securities may be restructured, called or prepaid. Mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") and Other asset-backed securities ("ABS") are shown separately because they are not due at a single maturity date.
Amortized Cost
Fair Value
Due to mature:
One year or less$625 $620 
After one year through five years4,294 4,209 
After five years through ten years3,814 3,723 
After ten years12,161 10,806 
Mortgage-backed securities7,520 6,865 
Other asset-backed securities3,021 3,002 
Fixed maturities, including securities pledged$31,435 $29,225 
Schedule of Securities Pledged
The following table presents Securities pledged as of the dates indicated:
March 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Securities pledged/obligations under repurchase agreements(1)
$482 $281 
Securities loaned to lending agent(2)
755 1,083 
Securities pledged as collateral(2)(3)
156 159 
Total
$1,393 $1,523 
(1) Comprised of other asset-backed securities and included in Securities pledged and Payables under securities loan and repurchase agreements, including collateral held on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(2) Included in Securities pledged on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(3) See Collateral within the Derivative Financial Instruments Note to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
Schedule of Securities Borrowed Under Securities Lending Transactions
The following table presents collateral held by asset class that the Company pledged under securities lending as of the dates indicated:
March 31, 2025December 31, 2024
U.S. Treasuries$31 $22 
U.S. corporate public securities417 601 
Short-term investments13 241 
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments321 258 
Total(1)
$782 $1,122 
(1) As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, liabilities to return cash collateral were $757 and $736, respectively, and included in Payables under securities loan and repurchase agreements, including collateral held on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Fixed Maturities, Allowance for Credit Losses
The following tables presents a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities for the periods presented:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
U.S. corporate private securities
Commercial mortgage-backed securitiesForeign corporate public securities and foreign governmentsForeign corporate private securitiesOther asset-backed securitiesTotal
Balance as of January 1$$17 $$$$38 
Credit losses on securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded— — — 
Reductions for securities sold during the period(6)(17)— — — (23)
Increase (decrease) on securities with allowance recorded in previous period— — — — — — 
Balance as of March 31$$— $$$$18 

Year Ended December 31, 2024
U.S. corporate private securities
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments
Foreign corporate private securitiesOther asset-backed securitiesTotal
Balance as of January 1$— $$$$$17 
Credit losses on securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded— 24 
Reductions for securities sold during the period— — (1)— — (1)
Increase (decrease) on securities with allowance recorded in previous period— (1)— (1)— (2)
Balance as of December 31$$17 $$$$38 
Schedule of Unrealized Loss on Investments
The following tables present available-for-sale fixed maturities, including securities pledged, for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded by investment category and duration as of the dates indicated:
As of March 31, 2025
Twelve Months or Less
Below Amortized Cost
More Than Twelve Months
Below Amortized Cost
Total
Fair ValueUnrealized Capital LossesFair ValueUnrealized Capital LossesFair ValueUnrealized Capital Losses
U.S. Treasuries$254 $11 $138 $27 $392 $38 
U.S. Government agencies and authorities— — — — — — 
State, municipalities and political subdivisions— 515 102 519 102 
U.S. corporate public securities876 45 4,258 944 5,134 989 
U.S. corporate private securities412 2,951 274 3,363 279 
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments525 12 1,282 249 1,807 261 
Foreign corporate private securities521 1,457 116 1,978 121 
Residential mortgage-backed257 1,228 220 1,485 224 
Commercial mortgage-backed 90 — 2,639 467 2,729 467 
Other asset-backed584 305 37 889 43 
Total$3,523 $88 $14,773 $2,436 $18,296 $2,524 

As of December 31, 2024
Twelve Months or Less
Below Amortized Cost
More Than Twelve Months
Below Amortized Cost
Total
Fair ValueUnrealized Capital LossesFair ValueUnrealized Capital LossesFair ValueUnrealized Capital Losses
U.S. Treasuries$304 $20 $133 $32 $437 $52 
U.S. Government agencies and authorities14 — — — 14 — 
State, municipalities and political subdivisions— 562 117 569 117 
U.S. corporate public securities818 35 4,215 1,019 5,033 1,054 
U.S. corporate private securities546 13 2,845 316 3,391 329 
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments450 17 1,285 270 1,735 287 
Foreign corporate private securities490 12 1,468 157 1,958 169 
Residential mortgage-backed311 1,210 253 1,521 261 
Commercial mortgage-backed24 — 2,751 532 2,775 532 
Other asset-backed93 315 43 408 45 
Total$3,057 $107 $14,784 $2,739 $17,841 $2,846 
Mortgage Loans by Loan to Value Ratio
The following tables present commercial mortgage loans by year of origination and LTV ratio as of the dates indicated. The information is updated as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

As of March 31, 2025
Loan-to-Value Ratios
Year of Origination
0% - 50%
>50% - 60%
>60% - 70%
>70% - 80%
>80% and above
Total
2025$76 $155 $24 $— $— $255 
2024136 149 15 — — 300 
202395 209 41 — — 345 
2022271 297 97 — — 665 
2021247 217 84 — — 548 
Prior
3,249 234 — — 18 3,501 
Total(1)
$4,074 $1,261 $261 $— $18 $5,614 
(1) Includes mortgage loans of approximately $0.8 billion acquired in the first quarter of 2025 related to the acquisition of OneAmerica Financial's full-service retirement plan business.

As of December 31, 2024
Loan-to-Value Ratios
Year of Origination
0% - 50%
>50% - 60%
>60% -70%
>70% - 80%
>80% and above
Total
2024$138 $131 $15 $— $— $284 
202396 221 40 — — 357 
2022239 282 95 — — 616 
2021240 184 95 — — 519 
2020184 71 — — — 255 
Prior
2,500 148 — 18 2,668 
Total$3,397 $1,037 $247 $— $18 $4,699 
Mortgage Loans by Debt Service Coverage Ratio
The following tables present commercial mortgage loans by year of origination and DSC ratio as of the dates indicated. The information is updated as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

As of March 31, 2025
Debt Service Coverage Ratios
Year of Origination
>1.5x
>1.25x - 1.5x
>1.0x - 1.25x
<1.0x
Total(1)
2025$115 $82 $58 $— $255 
2024187 92 21 — 300 
2023102 179 49 15 345 
2022345 101 78 141 665 
2021299 30 97 122 548 
Prior
2,652 341 401 107 3,501 
Total$3,700 $825 $704 $385 $5,614 
(1) No commercial mortgage loans were secured by land or construction loans.
As of December 31, 2024
Debt Service Coverage Ratios
Year of Origination
>1.5x
>1.25x - 1.5x
>1.0x - 1.25x
<1.0x
Total(1)
2024$161 $93 $28 $$284 
2023118 180 48 11 357 
2022295 101 76 144 616 
2021258 16 97 148 519 
2020207 20 20 255 
Prior
2,018 219 346 85 2,668 
Total$3,057 $629 $615 $398 $4,699 
Mortgage Loans by Geographic Location of Collateral
The following tables present the commercial mortgage loans by year of origination and U.S. region as of the dates indicated. The information is updated as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

As of March 31, 2025
U.S. Region
Year of OriginationPacificSouth AtlanticMiddle AtlanticWest South CentralMountainEast North CentralNew EnglandWest North CentralEast South CentralTotal
2025$16 $34 $107 $$$62 $$11 $15 $255 
202458 80 49 57 20 17 300 
202333 85 17 101 39 38 26 345 
2022153 120 53 94 107 107 20 665 
2021102 55 114 93 111 52 11 10 — 548 
Prior
879 859 675 258 239 271 63 171 86 3,501 
Total$1,241 $1,233 $1,015 $607 $519 $547 $92 $228 $132 $5,614 

As of December 31, 2024
U.S. Region
Year of OriginationPacificSouth AtlanticMiddle AtlanticWest South CentralMountainEast North CentralNew EnglandWest North CentralEast South CentralTotal
2024$58 $80 $41 $57 $20 $$$$$284 
202349 85 12 101 39 39 26 357 
2022140 122 49 98 89 92 20 616 
202195 51 113 93 96 47 15 — 519 
202061 118 17 10 12 15 — 15 255 
Prior
707 632 619 176 211 134 51 109 29 2,668 
Total$1,110 $1,088 $851 $535 $467 $336 $75 $161 $76 $4,699 
Mortgage Loans by Property Type of Collateral
The following tables present the commercial mortgage loans by year of origination and property type as of the dates indicated. The information is updated as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

As of March 31, 2025
Year of OriginationProperty Type
RetailIndustrialApartmentsOfficeHotel/MotelOtherMixed UseTotal
2025$71 $165 $19 $— $— $— $— $255 
202473 155 57 15 — — — 300 
2023124 161 13 15 32 — — 345 
2022112 271 228 35 10 — 665 
202147 145 223 115 — 548 
Prior
929 858 901 549 66 153 45 3,501 
Total$1,356 $1,755 $1,441 $729 $108 $171 $54 $5,614 

As of December 31, 2024
Year of OriginationProperty Type
RetailIndustrialApartmentsOfficeHotel/MotelOtherMixed UseTotal
2024$58 $154 $57 $15 $— $— $— $284 
2023124 172 13 16 32 — — 357 
202279 261 222 35 10 — 616 
202135 128 218 111 — 18 519 
202055 48 56 96 — — — 255 
Prior
610 713 640 437 67 155 46 2,668 
Total$961 $1,476 $1,206 $710 $109 $182 $55 $4,699 
Commercial Mortgage Loans, Allowance for Credit Losses
The following table summarizes activity in the allowance for losses for commercial mortgage loans for the periods indicated:
March 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Allowance for credit losses, beginning of period$24 $26 
Credit losses on mortgage loans for which credit losses were not previously recorded
Increase (decrease) on mortgage loans with an allowance recorded in a previous period
— 
Provision for expected credit losses32 27 
Write-offs(3)(3)
Allowance for credit losses, end of period$29 $24 
Mortgage Loans, Past Due
The following table presents the payment status of commercial mortgage loans as of the dates indicated:
March 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Current$5,598 $4,673 
30-59 days past due— — 
60-89 days past due— — 
Greater than 90 days past due16 26 
Total$5,614 $4,699 
Net Investment Income
The following table summarizes Net investment income by investment type for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended March 31,
20252024
Fixed maturities$465 $416 
Equity securities
Mortgage loans on real estate67 61 
Policy loans
Short-term investments and cash equivalents10 10 
Limited partnerships and other32 48 
Gross investment income
582 546 
Less: Investment expenses22 17 
Net investment income$560 $529 
Realized Gain (Loss) on Investments
Net gains (losses) were as follows for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended March 31,
20252024
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, including securities pledged$$(20)
Fixed maturities, at fair value option20 (81)
Equity securities, at fair value
Derivatives(53)136 
Embedded derivatives within fixed maturities
(1)
Other derivatives
— 
Standalone derivatives
Managed custody guarantees(1)
Stabilizer
— 
Mortgage loans(6)
Other investments(5)
Net gains (losses)$(34)$43 
Proceeds and Gross Gains and Gross Losses on Investments
Proceeds from the sale of fixed maturities, available-for-sale and equity securities and the related gross realized gains and losses, before tax, were as follows for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended March 31,
20252024
Proceeds on sales$1,410 $829 
Gross gains17 11 
Gross losses35 27