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Investments (excluding Consolidated Investment Entities) (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Fixed Maturities
Available-for-sale and fair value option ("FVO") fixed maturities were as follows as of September 30, 2025:
Amortized CostGross Unrealized Capital GainsGross Unrealized Capital Losses
Embedded Derivatives(2)
Allowance for credit lossesFair Value
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Treasuries
$590 $$43 $— $— $549 
U.S. Government agencies and authorities
30 — — — 31 
State, municipalities and political subdivisions614 — 96 — — 518 
U.S. corporate public securities
8,444 189 864 — — 7,769 
U.S. corporate private securities5,625 89 205 — 5,507 
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments(1)
2,899 72 207 — 2,762 
Foreign corporate private securities(1)
2,879 62 55 — 42 2,844 
Residential mortgage-backed securities4,355 51 208 — 4,201 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities3,248 430 — — 2,823 
Other asset-backed securities2,888 30 34 — 2,879 
Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged31,572 501 2,142 51 29,883 
Less: Securities pledged1,506 — 109 — — 1,397 
Total fixed maturities(3)
$30,066 $501 $2,033 $$51 $28,486 
(1) Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.
(2) Embedded derivatives within fixed maturity securities are reported with the host investment. The changes in fair value of embedded derivatives are reported in Net gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(3) Includes fixed maturities of approximately $1.4 billion acquired in the first quarter of 2025 related to the acquisition of OneAmerica Financial's full-service retirement plan business.
Available-for-sale and FVO fixed maturities were as follows as of December 31, 2024:
Amortized CostGross Unrealized Capital GainsGross Unrealized Capital Losses
Embedded Derivatives(2)
Allowance for credit lossesFair Value
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Treasuries$524 $— $52 $— $— $472 
U.S. Government agencies and authorities29 — — — 30 
State, municipalities and political subdivisions697 — 117 — — 580 
U.S. corporate public securities7,938 124 1,054 — — 7,008 
U.S. corporate private securities5,275 43 329 — 4,983 
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments(1)
2,729 32 287 — 2,472 
Foreign corporate private securities(1)
2,693 22 169 — 2,537 
Residential mortgage-backed securities3,709 27 261 (4)— 3,471 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities3,677 532 — 17 3,132 
Other asset-backed securities2,779 39 45 — 2,769 
Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged30,050 292 2,846 (4)38 27,454 
Less: Securities pledged1,665 — 149 — — 1,516 
Total fixed maturities$28,385 $292 $2,697 $(4)$38 $25,938 
(1) Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.
(2) Embedded derivatives within fixed maturity securities are reported with the host investment. The changes in fair value of embedded derivatives are reported in Net gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Investments Classified by Contractual Maturity Date
The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturities, including securities pledged, as of September 30, 2025, are shown below by contractual maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities as securities may be restructured, called or prepaid. Mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") and Other asset-backed securities ("ABS") are shown separately because they are not due at a single maturity date.
Amortized Cost
Fair Value
Due to mature:
One year or less$719 $714 
After one year through five years3,892 3,875 
After five years through ten years3,800 3,803 
After ten years12,670 11,588 
Mortgage-backed securities7,603 7,024 
Other asset-backed securities2,888 2,879 
Fixed maturities, including securities pledged$31,572 $29,883 
Schedule of Securities Borrowed Under Securities Lending Transactions
The following table presents collateral held by asset class that the Company pledged under securities lending as of the dates indicated:
September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
U.S. Treasuries$40 $22 
U.S. corporate public securities496 601 
Short-term investments— 241 
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments240 258 
Total(1)
$776 $1,122 
(1) As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, liabilities to return cash collateral were $747 and $736, respectively, and included in Payables under securities loan and repurchase agreements, including collateral held on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Fixed Maturities, Allowance for Credit Losses
The following tables presents a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities for the periods presented:
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
U.S. corporate private securities
Commercial mortgage-backed securitiesForeign corporate public securities and foreign governmentsForeign corporate private securitiesOther asset-backed securitiesTotal
Balance as of January 1$$17 $$$$38 
Credit losses on securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded— — 33 37 
Reductions for securities sold during the period(6)(17)— — — (23)
Increase (decrease) on securities with allowance recorded in previous period— — — — (1)(1)
Balance as of September 30$$— $$42 $$51 
Year Ended December 31, 2024
U.S. corporate private securities
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments
Foreign corporate private securitiesOther asset-backed securitiesTotal
Balance as of January 1$— $$$$$17 
Credit losses on securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded— 24 
Reductions for securities sold during the period— — (1)— — (1)
Increase (decrease) on securities with allowance recorded in previous period— (1)— (1)— (2)
Balance as of December 31$$17 $$$$38 
Schedule of Unrealized Loss on Investments
The following tables present available-for-sale fixed maturities, including securities pledged, for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded by investment category and duration as of the dates indicated:

As of September 30, 2025
Twelve Months or Less
Below Amortized Cost
More Than Twelve Months
Below Amortized Cost
Total
Fair ValueUnrealized Capital LossesFair ValueUnrealized Capital LossesFair ValueUnrealized Capital Losses
U.S. Treasuries$140 $$262 $40 $402 $43 
U.S. Government agencies and authorities— — — — — — 
State, municipalities and political subdivisions500 95 506 96 
U.S. corporate public securities518 34 4,135 830 4,653 864 
U.S. corporate private securities205 2,494 201 2,699 205 
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments167 1,201 204 1,368 207 
Foreign corporate private securities73 1,181 54 1,254 55 
Residential mortgage-backed256 1,189 205 1,445 208 
Commercial mortgage-backed 64 2,302 429 2,366 430 
Other asset-backed137 291 32 428 34 
Total$1,566 $52 $13,555 $2,090 $15,121 $2,142 
As of December 31, 2024
Twelve Months or Less
Below Amortized Cost
More Than Twelve Months
Below Amortized Cost
Total
Fair ValueUnrealized Capital LossesFair ValueUnrealized Capital LossesFair ValueUnrealized Capital Losses
U.S. Treasuries$304 $20 $133 $32 $437 $52 
U.S. Government agencies and authorities14 — — — 14 — 
State, municipalities and political subdivisions— 562 117 569 117 
U.S. corporate public securities818 35 4,215 1,019 5,033 1,054 
U.S. corporate private securities546 13 2,845 316 3,391 329 
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments450 17 1,285 270 1,735 287 
Foreign corporate private securities490 12 1,468 157 1,958 169 
Residential mortgage-backed311 1,210 253 1,521 261 
Commercial mortgage-backed24 — 2,751 532 2,775 532 
Other asset-backed93 315 43 408 45 
Total$3,057 $107 $14,784 $2,739 $17,841 $2,846 
Mortgage Loans by Loan to Value Ratio
The following tables present commercial mortgage loans by year of origination and LTV ratio as of the dates indicated. The information is updated as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

As of September 30, 2025
Loan-to-Value Ratios
Year of Origination
0% - 50%
>50% - 60%
>60% - 70%
>70% - 80%
>80% and above
Total
2025$216 $297 $46 $— $— $559 
2024163 148 17 — — 328 
202391 203 — — — 294 
2022260 280 86 — — 626 
2021239 205 63 — — 507 
Prior
2,918 180 — 3,100 
Total(1)
$3,887 $1,313 $212 $— $$5,414 
(1) Includes mortgage loans of approximately $0.8 billion acquired in the first quarter of 2025 related to the acquisition of OneAmerica Financial's full-service retirement plan business.

As of December 31, 2024
Loan-to-Value Ratios
Year of Origination
0% - 50%
>50% - 60%
>60% - 70%
>70% - 80%
>80% and above
Total
2024$138 $131 $15 $— $— $284 
202396 221 40 — — 357 
2022239 282 95 — — 616 
2021240 184 95 — — 519 
2020184 71 — — — 255 
Prior
2,500 148 — 18 2,668 
Total$3,397 $1,037 $247 $— $18 $4,699 
Mortgage Loans by Debt Service Coverage Ratio
The following tables present commercial mortgage loans by year of origination and DSC ratio as of the dates indicated. The information is updated as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

As of September 30, 2025
Debt Service Coverage Ratios
Year of Origination
>1.5x
 >1.25x - 1.5x
>1.0x - 1.25x
<1.0x
Total(1)
2025$293 $168 $84 $14 $559 
2024136 93 93 328 
2023168 34 87 294 
2022336 120 77 93 626 
2021310 25 69 103 507 
Prior
2,325 418 269 88 3,100 
Total$3,568 $858 $679 $309 $5,414 
(1) No commercial mortgage loans were secured by land or construction loans.

As of December 31, 2024
Debt Service Coverage Ratios
Year of Origination
>1.5x
>1.25x - 1.5x
>1.0x - 1.25x
<1.0x
Total(1)
2024$161 $93 $28 $$284 
2023118 180 48 11 357 
2022295 101 76 144 616 
2021258 16 97 148 519 
2020207 20 20 255 
Prior
2,018 219 346 85 2,668 
Total$3,057 $629 $615 $398 $4,699 
Mortgage Loans by Geographic Location of Collateral
The following tables present the commercial mortgage loans by year of origination and U.S. region as of the dates indicated. The information is updated as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

As of September 30, 2025
U.S. Region
Year of OriginationPacificSouth AtlanticMiddle AtlanticWest South CentralMountainEast North CentralNew EnglandWest North CentralEast South CentralTotal
2025$106 $80 $150 $44 $38 $62 $35 $19 $25 $559 
202458 96 49 65 20 17 12 328 
202333 42 16 96 38 37 26 294 
2022152 86 56 90 108 106 20 626 
2021102 55 109 59 110 51 11 10 — 507 
Prior
806 772 624 201 221 238 61 95 82 3,100 
Total$1,257 $1,131 $1,004 $555 $535 $511 $119 $160 $142 $5,414 
As of December 31, 2024
U.S. Region
Year of OriginationPacificSouth AtlanticMiddle AtlanticWest South CentralMountainEast North CentralNew EnglandWest North CentralEast South CentralTotal
2024$58 $80 $41 $57 $20 $$$$$284 
202349 85 12 101 39 39 26 357 
2022140 122 49 98 89 92 20 616 
202195 51 113 93 96 47 15 — 519 
202061 118 17 10 12 15 — 15 255 
Prior
707 632 619 176 211 134 51 109 29 2,668 
Total$1,110 $1,088 $851 $535 $467 $336 $75 $161 $76 $4,699 
Mortgage Loans by Property Type of Collateral
The following tables present the commercial mortgage loans by year of origination and property type as of the dates indicated. The information is updated as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

As of September 30, 2025
Year of OriginationProperty Type
RetailIndustrialApartmentsOfficeHotel/MotelOtherMixed UseTotal
2025$150 $270 $132 $— $$$— $559 
202473 182 57 16 — — — 328 
2023121 120 14 32 — — 294 
2022112 262 196 37 10 — 626 
202146 140 190 113 — 10 507 
Prior
749 777 844 496 47 143 44 3,100 
Total$1,251 $1,751 $1,426 $676 $92 $166 $52 $5,414 

As of December 31, 2024
Year of OriginationProperty Type
RetailIndustrialApartmentsOfficeHotel/MotelOtherMixed UseTotal
2024$58 $154 $57 $15 $— $— $— $284 
2023124 172 13 16 32 — — 357 
202279 261 222 35 10 — 616 
202135 128 218 111 — 18 519 
202055 48 56 96 — — — 255 
Prior
610 713 640 437 67 155 46 2,668 
Total$961 $1,476 $1,206 $710 $109 $182 $55 $4,699 
Commercial Mortgage Loans, Allowance for Credit Losses
The following table summarizes activity in the allowance for credit losses for commercial mortgage loans for the periods indicated:
September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Allowance for credit losses, beginning of period$24 $26 
Credit losses on mortgage loans for which credit losses were not previously recorded
Increase (decrease) on mortgage loans with an allowance recorded in a previous period— 
Provision for expected credit losses32 27 
Write-offs(11)(3)
Allowance for credit losses, end of period$21 $24 
Mortgage Loans, Past Due
The following table presents the payment status of commercial mortgage loans as of the dates indicated:
September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Current$5,343 $4,673 
30-59 days past due44 — 
60-89 days past due— — 
Greater than 90 days past due27 26 
Total$5,414 $4,699 
Net Investment Income
The following table summarizes Net investment income by investment type for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025202420252024
Fixed maturities$461 $420 $1,388 $1,252 
Equity securities14 16 
Mortgage loans on real estate68 58 204 179 
Policy loans15 16 
Short-term investments and cash equivalents11 11 31 31 
Limited partnerships and other54 26 141 116 
Gross investment income605 528 1,793 1,610 
Less: Investment expenses22 22 66 57 
Net investment income$583 $506 $1,727 $1,553 
Realized Gain (Loss) on Investments
Net gains (losses) were as follows for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025202420252024
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, including securities pledged$13 $15 $(11)$(19)
Fixed maturities, at fair value option(50)96 (30)(15)
Equity securities, at fair value
(3)(1)11 
Derivatives15 (128)(64)48 
Embedded derivatives within fixed maturities
— 
Other derivatives
(1)(1)
Standalone derivative
— (1)11 — 
Managed custody guarantees
Stabilizer(6)10 (7)
Mortgage loans
(2)(4)(6)(1)
Other investments— (3)(14)— 
Net gains (losses)(1)
$(21)$(14)$(96)$25 
(1) Investment gains and losses on sales of securities are generally determined based on the amortized cost of the asset being disposed of using the specific identification method.
Proceeds and Gross Gains and Gross Losses on Investments
Proceeds from the sale of fixed maturities, available-for-sale and equity securities and the related gross realized gains and losses, before tax, were as follows for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025202420252024
Proceeds on sales$1,270 $753 $3,649 $2,199 
Gross gains10 18 37 37 
Gross losses13 53 49