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Fair Value Measurements | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2018
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value Measurements [Text Block] | Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined by applicable accounting guidance as the price to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the principal market for the given asset or liability at the measurement date based on market conditions at that date. An orderly transaction assumes exposure to the market for a customary period for marketing activities prior to the measurement date and not a forced liquidation or distressed sale. Certain assets and liabilities are recorded in the Company’s financial statements at fair value. Some are recorded on a recurring basis and some on a non-recurring basis. For some assets and liabilities, observable market transactions and market information might be available. For other assets and liabilities, observable market transactions and market information might not be available. A hierarchy for fair value has been established which categorizes into three levels the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The three levels are as follows: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets or Liabilities (Level 1) - Fair value is based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) - Fair value is based on significant other observable inputs which are generally determined based on a single price for each financial instrument provided to us by an applicable third-party pricing service and is based on one or more of the following:
• | Quoted prices for similar, but not identical, assets or liabilities in active markets;
• | Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets;
• | Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, such as interest rate and yield curves, volatilities, prepayment speeds, loss severities, credit risks and default rates;
• | Other inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market inputs.
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) - Fair value is based upon model-based valuation techniques for which at least one significant assumption is not observable in the market. Transfers between levels are recognized as of the end of the reporting period. There were no transfers in or out of quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments to significant other observable inputs or significant unobservable inputs during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Transfers between significant other observable inputs and significant unobservable inputs during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 are included in the summary of changes in recurring fair values measured using unobservable inputs. The underlying methods used by the third-party pricing services are considered in determining the primary inputs used to determine fair values. Management has evaluated the methodologies employed by the third-party pricing services by comparing the price provided by the pricing service with other sources, including brokers' quotes, sales or purchases of similar instruments and discounted cash flows to establish a basis for reliance on the pricing service values. Significant differences between the pricing service provided value and other sources are discussed with the pricing service to understand the basis for their values. Based on all observable inputs, management may adjust prices obtained from third-party pricing services to more appropriately reflect the prices that would be received to sell assets or paid to transfer liabilities in orderly transactions in the current market. No significant adjustments were made to prices provided by third-party pricing services at September 30, 2018, December 31, 2017 or September 30, 2017. Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis The fair value of financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis was as follows as of September 30, 2018 (in thousands):
|  | Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Instruments (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trading securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government agency debentures |  | $ | 80,692 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 80,692 |  |  | $ | — |
U.S. government agency residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 1,378,450 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,378,450 |  |  | — |
Municipal and other tax-exempt securities |  | 41,345 |  |  | — |  |  | 41,345 |  |  | — |
Asset-backed securities |  | 72,309 |  |  | — |  |  | 72,309 |  |  | — |
Other trading securities |  | 40,604 |  |  | — |  |  | 40,604 |  |  | — |
Total trading securities |  | 1,613,400 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,613,400 |  |  | — |
Available for sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury |  | 490 |  |  | 490 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Municipal and other tax-exempt securities |  | 4,349 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,349 |  |  |  |
U.S. government agency residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 5,132,352 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,132,352 |  |  | — |
Privately issued residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 74,685 |  |  | — |  |  | 74,685 |  |  | — |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by U.S. government agencies |  | 2,834,691 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,834,691 |  |  | — |
Other debt securities |  | 25,447 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,975 |  |  | 472 |
Total available for sale securities |  | 8,072,014 |  |  | 490 |  |  | 8,071,052 |  |  | 472 |
Fair value option securities – U.S. government agency residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 452,150 |  |  | — |  |  | 452,150 |  |  | — |
Residential mortgage loans held for sale |  | 175,866 |  |  | — |  |  | 159,028 |  |  | 16,838 |
Mortgage servicing rights1 |  | 284,673 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 284,673 |
Derivative contracts, net of cash collateral2 |  | 349,481 |  |  | 26,196 |  |  | 323,285 |  |  | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative contracts, net of cash collateral2 |  | 252,387 |  |  | 17,872 |  |  | 234,515 |  |  | — |
1 | A reconciliation of the beginning and ending fair value of mortgage servicing rights and disclosures of significant assumptions used to determine fair value are presented in Note 6, Mortgage Banking Activities.
2 | See Note 3 for detail of fair value of derivative contracts by contract type. Derivative contracts in asset positions that were valued based on quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments (Level 1) are primarily exchange-traded interest rate and agricultural derivative contacts, net of cash margin. Derivative contacts in liability positions that were valued using quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments are exchange-traded energy and interest rate derivative contracts, net of cash margin.
The fair value of financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis was as follows as of December 31, 2017 (in thousands):
|  | Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Instruments (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trading securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government agency debentures |  | $ | 21,196 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21,196 |  |  | $ | — |
U.S. government agency residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 392,673 |  |  | — |  |  | 392,673 |  |  | — |
Municipal and other tax-exempt securities |  | 13,559 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,559 |  |  | — |
Asset-backed securities |  | 23,885 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,885 |  |  | — |
Other trading securities |  | 11,363 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,363 |  |  | — |
Total trading securities |  | 462,676 |  |  | — |  |  | 462,676 |  |  | — |
Available for sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury |  | 1,000 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Municipal and other tax-exempt securities |  | 27,080 |  |  | — |  |  | 22,278 |  |  | 4,802 |
U.S. government agency residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 5,309,152 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,309,152 |  |  | — |
Privately issued residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 93,221 |  |  | — |  |  | 93,221 |  |  | — |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by U.S. government agencies |  | 2,834,961 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,834,961 |  |  | — |
Other debt securities |  | 25,481 |  |  | — |  |  | 25,009 |  |  | 472 |
Perpetual preferred stock |  | 15,767 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,767 |  |  | — |
Equity securities and mutual funds |  | 14,916 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,916 |  |  | — |
Total available for sale securities |  | 8,321,578 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | 8,315,304 |  |  | 5,274 |
Fair value option securities – U.S. government agency residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 755,054 |  |  | — |  |  | 755,054 |  |  | — |
Residential mortgage loans held for sale |  | 221,378 |  |  | — |  |  | 209,079 |  |  | 12,299 |
Mortgage servicing rights1 |  | 252,867 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 252,867 |
Derivative contracts, net of cash collateral2 |  | 220,502 |  |  | 8,179 |  |  | 212,323 |  |  | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative contracts, net of cash collateral2 |  | 171,963 |  |  | — |  |  | 171,963 |  |  | — |
1 | A reconciliation of the beginning and ending fair value of mortgage servicing rights and disclosures of significant assumptions used to determine fair value are presented in Note 6, Mortgage Banking Activities.
2 | See Note 3 for detail of fair value of derivative contracts by contract type. Derivative contracts based on quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments (Level 1) are exchange-traded interest rate, energy and agricultural derivative contacts. Derivative contracts in liability positions that were valued using quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments (Level 1) are exchange-traded interest rate and energy derivative contracts, fully offset by cash margin.
The fair value of financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis was as follows as of September 30, 2017 (in thousands):
|  | Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Instruments (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trading securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government agency debentures |  | $ | 30,162 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 30,162 |  |  | $ | — |
U.S. government agency residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 516,760 |  |  | — |  |  | 516,760 |  |  | — |
Municipal and other tax-exempt securities |  | 56,148 |  |  | — |  |  | 56,148 |  |  | — |
Other trading securities |  | 11,047 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,047 |  |  | — |
Total trading securities |  | 614,117 |  |  | — |  |  | 614,117 |  |  | — |
Available for sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury |  | 999 |  |  | 999 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Municipal and other tax-exempt securities |  | 28,368 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,583 |  |  | 4,785 |
U.S. government agency residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 5,326,384 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,326,384 |  |  | — |
Privately issued residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 99,994 |  |  | — |  |  | 99,994 |  |  | — |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by U.S. government agencies |  | 2,889,346 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,889,346 |  |  | — |
Other debt securities |  | 4,153 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,153 |
Perpetual preferred stock |  | 16,245 |  |  | — |  |  | 16,245 |  |  | — |
Equity securities and mutual funds |  | 17,710 |  |  | 2,578 |  |  | 15,132 |  |  | — |
Total available for sale securities |  | 8,383,199 |  |  | 3,577 |  |  | 8,370,684 |  |  | 8,938 |
Fair value option securities – U.S. government agency residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 819,531 |  |  | — |  |  | 819,531 |  |  | — |
Residential mortgage loans held for sale |  | 275,643 |  |  | — |  |  | 263,543 |  |  | 12,100 |
Mortgage servicing rights1 |  | 245,858 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 245,858 |
Derivative contracts, net of cash collateral2 |  | 352,559 |  |  | 8,498 |  |  | 344,061 |  |  | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative contracts, net of cash collateral2 |  | 336,327 |  |  | 6,903 |  |  | 329,424 |  |  | — |
1 | A reconciliation of the beginning and ending fair value of mortgage servicing rights and disclosures of significant assumptions used to determine fair value are presented in Note 6, Mortgage Banking Activities.
2 | See Note 3 for detail of fair value of derivative contracts by contract type. Derivative contracts based on quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments (Level 1) are exchange-traded interest rate, energy and agricultural derivative contacts. Derivative contracts in liability positions that were valued using quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments (Level 1) are exchange-traded interest rate derivative contracts, net cash margin.
Following is a description of the Company's valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis: Securities The fair values of trading, available for sale and fair value option securities are based on quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets, when available. If quoted prices for identical instruments are not available, fair values are based on significant other observable inputs such as quoted prices of comparable instruments or interest rates and credit spreads, yield curves, volatilities, prepayment speeds and loss severities. The fair value of certain available for sale municipal and other debt securities may be based on significant unobservable inputs. These significant unobservable inputs include limited observed trades, projected cash flows, current credit rating of the issuers and, when applicable, the insurers of the debt and observed trades of similar debt. Discount rates are primarily based on references to interest rate spreads on comparable securities of similar duration and credit rating as determined by the nationally-recognized rating agencies adjusted for a lack of trading volume. Significant unobservable inputs are developed by investment securities professionals involved in the active trading of similar securities. A summary of significant inputs used to value these securities follows. A management committee composed of senior members from the Company's Capital Markets, Risk Management and Finance departments assesses the appropriateness of these inputs quarterly. Derivatives All derivative instruments are carried on the balance sheet at fair value. Fair values for exchange-traded contracts are based on quoted prices. Fair values for over-the-counter interest rate, commodity and foreign exchange contracts are based on valuations provided either by third-party dealers in the contracts, quotes provided by independent pricing services, or a third-party provided pricing model that uses significant other observable market inputs. Credit risk is considered in determining the fair value of derivative instruments. Management determines fair value adjustments based on various risk factors including but not limited to current fair value, probability of default and loss given default. We also consider our own credit risk in determining the fair value of derivative contracts. Changes in our credit rating would affect the fair value of our derivative liabilities. In the event of a credit downgrade, the fair value of our derivative liabilities would increase. Residential Mortgage Loans Held for Sale Residential mortgage loans held for sale are carried on the balance sheet at fair value. The fair values of residential mortgage loans held for sale are based upon quoted market prices of such loans sold in securitization transactions, including related unfunded loan commitments and forward sales contracts. The fair value of mortgage loans that were unable to be sold to U.S. government agencies were determined using quoted prices of loans that are sold in securitization transactions with a liquidity discount applied. The following represents the changes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 related to assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (in thousands):
|  | Available for Sale Securities |  |
|  | Municipal and other tax-exempt securities |  | Other debt securities |  | Residential mortgage loans held for sale
Balance, June 30, 2018 |  | $ | 2,030 |  |  | $ | 471 |  |  | $ | 14,243 |
Transfer to Level 3 from Level 21 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,862 |
Purchases |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Proceeds from sales |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (143 | )
Redemptions and distributions |  | (2,050 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Gain (loss) recognized in earnings: |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage banking revenue |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (124 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |
Net change in unrealized gain (loss) |  | 20 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Balance, September 30, 2018 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 472 |  |  | $ | 16,838 |
1 | Recurring transfers to Level 3 from Level 2 consist of residential mortgage loans intended for sale to U.S. government agencies that fail to meet conforming standards.
|  | Available for Sale Securities |  |
|  | Municipal and other tax-exempt |  | Other debt securities |  | Residential mortgage loans held for sale
Balance, December 31, 2017 |  | $ | 4,802 |  |  | $ | 472 |  |  | $ | 12,299 |
Transfer to Level 3 from Level 21 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,603 |
Purchases |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Proceeds from sales |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (853 | )
Redemptions and distributions |  | (5,095 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Gain (loss) recognized in earnings: |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage banking revenue |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (211 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |
Net change in unrealized gain (loss) |  | 293 |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Balance, September 30, 2018 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 472 |  |  | $ | 16,838 |
1 | Recurring transfers to Level 3 from Level 2 consist of residential mortgage loans intended for sale to U.S. government agencies that fail to meet conforming standards.
The following represents the changes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 related to assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (in thousands):
|  | Available for Sale Securities |  |
|  | Municipal and other tax-exempt securities |  | Other debt securities |  | Residential mortgage loans held for sale
Balance, June 30, 2017 |  | $ | 4,655 |  |  | $ | 4,152 |  |  | $ | 12,735 |
Transfer to Level 3 from Level 21 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 176 |
Purchases |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Proceeds from sales |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (847 | )
Redemptions and distributions |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Gain (loss) recognized in earnings: |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage banking revenue |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |
Net change in unrealized gain (loss) |  | 130 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Balance, September 30, 2017 |  | $ | 4,785 |  |  | $ | 4,153 |  |  | $ | 12,100 |
1 | Recurring transfers to Level 3 from Level 2 consist of residential mortgage loans intended for sale to U.S. government agencies that fail to meet conforming standards.
|  | Available for Sale Securities |  |
|  | Municipal and other tax-exempt |  | Other debt securities |  | Residential mortgage loans held for sale
Balance, December 31, 2016 |  | $ | 5,789 |  |  | $ | 4,152 |  |  | $ | 11,617 |
Transfer to Level 3 from Level 21 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,916 |
Purchases |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Proceeds from sales |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,549 | )
Redemptions and distributions |  | (1,100 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Gain (loss) recognized in earnings |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage banking revenue |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 116 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |
Net change in unrealized gain (loss) |  | 96 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Balance, September 30, 2017 |  | $ | 4,785 |  |  | $ | 4,153 |  |  | $ | 12,100 |
1 | Recurring transfers to Level 3 from Level 2 consist of residential mortgage loans intended for sale to U.S. government agencies that fail to meet conforming standards.
A summary of quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) as of September 30, 2018 follows (in thousands):
|  | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique(s) |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range (Weighted Average) |
Available for sale securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other debt securities |  | 472 |  |  | Discounted cash flows | 1 | Interest rate spread |  | 6.37%-6.37% (6.37%) | 3
94.36%-94.36% (94.36%) | 2
Residential mortgage loans held for sale |  | 16,838 |  |  | Quoted prices of loans sold in securitization transactions, with a liquidity discount applied |  | Liquidity discount applied to the market value of mortgage loans qualifying for sale to U.S. government agencies. |  | 94.94% |
1 | Discounted cash flows developed using discount rates primarily based on reference to interest rate spreads for comparable securities of similar duration and credit rating as determined by the nationally-recognized rating agencies, adjusted for lack of trading volume.
2 | Represents fair value as a percentage of par value.
3 | Interest rate yields used to value investment grade taxable securities based on comparable short-term taxable securities which are generally yielding less than 3 percent.
A summary of quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) as of December 31, 2017 follows (in thousands):
|  | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique(s) |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range (Weighted Average) |
Available for sale securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal and other tax-exempt securities |  | $ | 4,802 |  |  | Discounted cash flows | 1 | Interest rate spread |  | 6.60%-6.60% (6.60%) | 2
92.25%-94.76% (93.75%) | 3
Other debt securities |  | 472 |  |  | Discounted cash flows | 1 | Interest rate spread |  | 6.85%-6.85% (6.85%) | 4
94.39%-94.39% (94.39%) | 3
Residential mortgage loans held for sale |  | 12,299 |  |  | Quoted prices of loans sold in securitization transactions, with a liquidity discount applied |  | Liquidity discount applied to the market value of mortgage loans qualifying for sale to U.S. government agencies. |  | 94.75% |
1 | Discounted cash flows developed using discount rates primarily based on reference to interest rate spreads for comparable securities of similar duration and credit rating as determined by the nationally-recognized rating agencies, adjusted for lack of trading volume.
2 | Interest rate yields used to value investment grade tax-exempt securities represent a spread of 372 to 466 basis points over average yields for comparable tax-exempt securities.
3 | Represents fair value as a percentage of par value.
4 | Interest rate yields used to value investment grade taxable securities based on comparable short-term taxable securities which are generally yielding less than 3 percent.
A summary of quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) as of September 30, 2017 follows (in thousands):
|  | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique(s) |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range (Weighted Average) |
Available for sale securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal and other tax-exempt securities |  | $ | 4,785 |  |  | Discounted cash flows | 1 | Interest rate spread |  | 6.05%-6.05% (6.05%) | 2
92.25%-95.02% (93.91%) | 3
Other debt securities |  | 4,153 |  |  | Discounted cash flows | 1 | Interest rate spread |  | 6.65%-6.73% (6.72%) | 4
94.38%-94.38% (94.38%) | 3
Residential mortgage loans held for sale |  | 12,100 |  |  | Quoted prices of loans sold in securitization transactions, with a liquidity discount applied |  | Liquidity discount applied to the market value of a mortgage loans qualifying for sale to U.S. government agencies. |  | 95.94% |
1 | Discounted cash flows developed using discount rates primarily based on reference to interest rate spreads for comparable securities of similar duration and credit rating as determined by the nationally-recognized rating agencies, adjusted for lack of trading volume.
2 | Interest rate yields used to value investment grade tax-exempt securities represent a spread of 352 to 467 basis points over average yields for comparable tax-exempt securities.
3 | Represents fair value as a percentage of par value.
4 | Interest rate yields used to value investment grade taxable securities based on comparable short-term taxable securities which are generally yielding less than 3 percent.
Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Non-Recurring Basis Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis include collateral for certain impaired loans and real property and other assets acquired to satisfy loans, which are based primarily on comparisons to completed sales of similar assets. The following represents the carrying value of assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis (and related losses) during the period. The carrying value represents only those assets with a balance at September 30, 2018 for which the fair value was adjusted during the nine months ended September 30, 2018:
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Fair Value Adjustments for the
| Carrying Value at September 30, 2018 |  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Recognized in: |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Recognized in:
| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Instruments |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs |  | Gross charge-offs against allowance for loan losses |  | Net losses and expenses of repossessed assets, net |  | Gross charge-offs against allowance for loan losses |  | Net losses and expenses of repossessed assets, net
Impaired loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,065 |  |  | $ | 24,428 |  |  | $ | 9,086 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 16,279 |  |  | $ | — |
Real estate and other repossessed assets | — |  |  | 4,608 |  |  | 6,545 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,161 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,388 |
The following represents the carrying value of assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis (and related losses) during the period. The carrying value represents only those assets with a balance at September 30, 2017 for which the fair value was adjusted during the nine months ended September 30, 2017:
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Fair Value Adjustments for the
| Carrying Value at September 30, 2017 |  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Recognized in: |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 Recognized in:
| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Instruments |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs |  | Gross charge-offs against allowance for loan losses |  | Net losses and expenses of repossessed assets, net |  | Gross charge-offs against allowance for loan losses |  | Net losses and expenses of repossessed assets, net
Impaired loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | 423 |  |  | $ | 10,960 |  |  | $ | 4,397 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,058 |  |  | $ | — |
Real estate and other repossessed assets | — |  |  | 4,392 |  |  | 6,845 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,683 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,915 |
The fair value of collateral-dependent impaired loans secured by real estate and real estate and other repossessed assets and the related fair value adjustments are generally based on unadjusted third-party appraisals. Our appraisal review policies require appraised values to be supported by observed inputs derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. Appraisals that are not based on observable inputs or that require significant adjustments or fair value measurements that are not based on third-party appraisals are considered to be based on significant unobservable inputs. Non-recurring fair value measurements of collateral-dependent impaired loans and real estate and other repossessed assets based on significant unobservable inputs are generally due to estimates of current fair values between appraisal dates. Significant unobservable inputs include listing prices for the same or comparable assets, uncorroborated expert opinions or management's knowledge of the collateral or industry. Non-recurring fair value measurements of collateral dependent loans secured by mineral rights are generally determined by our internal staff of engineers on projected cash flows under current market conditions and are based on significant unobservable inputs. Projected cash flows are discounted according to risk characteristics of the underlying oil and gas properties. Assets are evaluated to demonstrate with reasonable certainty that crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids can be recovered from known oil and gas reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions at current prices with existing conventional equipment, operating methods and costs. Significant unobservable inputs are developed by asset management and workout professionals and approved by senior Credit Administration executives. A summary of quantitative information about Non-recurring Fair Value Measurements based on Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) as of September 30, 2018 follows (in thousands):
|  | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique(s) |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range (Weighted Average)
Impaired loans |  | $ | 24,428 |  |  | Discounted cash flows |  | Management knowledge of industry and non-real estate collateral including but not limited to recoverable oil and gas reserves, forward-looking commodity prices, estimated operating costs |  | 41% - 84% (55%)1
Real estate and other repossessed assets |  | 6,545 |  |  | Discounted cash flows |  | Recoverable oil and gas reserves, forward-looking commodity prices, estimated operating costs |  | N/A
1 | Represents fair value as a percentage of the unpaid principal balance.
A summary of quantitative information about Non-recurring Fair Value Measurements based on Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) as of September 30, 2017 follows (in thousands):
|  | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique(s) |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range (Weighted Average)
Impaired loans |  | $ | 10,960 |  |  | Discounted cash flows |  | Recoverable oil and gas reserves, forward-looking commodity prices, estimated operating costs |  | 64% - 88% (68%)1
Real estate and other repossessed assets |  | 6,845 |  |  | Discounted cash flows |  | Recoverable oil and gas reserves, forward-looking commodity prices, estimated operating costs |  | N/A
1 | Represents fair value as a percentage of the unpaid principal balance.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of all financial instruments, including those financial assets and liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2018 (dollars in thousands):
|  | Carrying Value |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Instruments (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash and due from banks |  | $ | 815,458 |  |  | $ | 815,458 |  |  | $ | 815,458 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents |  | 430,789 |  |  | 430,789 |  |  | 430,789 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Trading securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government agency debentures |  | 80,692 |  |  | 80,692 |  |  | — |  |  | 80,692 |  |  | — |
U.S. government agency residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 1,378,450 |  |  | 1,378,450 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,378,450 |  |  | — |
Municipal and other tax-exempt securities |  | 41,345 |  |  | 41,345 |  |  | — |  |  | 41,345 |  |  | — |
Asset-backed securities |  | 72,309 |  |  | 72,309 |  |  | — |  |  | 72,309 |  |  | — |
Other trading securities |  | 40,604 |  |  | 40,604 |  |  | — |  |  | 40,604 |  |  | — |
Total trading securities |  | 1,613,400 |  |  | 1,613,400 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,613,400 |  |  | — |
Investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal and other tax-exempt securities |  | 157,723 |  |  | 158,230 |  |  | — |  |  | 158,230 |  |  | — |
U.S. government agency residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 13,234 |  |  | 13,201 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,201 |  |  | — |
Other debt securities |  | 203,082 |  |  | 211,462 |  |  | — |  |  | 211,462 |  |  | — |
Total investment securities |  | 374,039 |  |  | 382,893 |  |  | — |  |  | 382,893 |  |  | — |
Available for sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury |  | 490 |  |  | 490 |  |  | 490 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Municipal and other tax-exempt securities |  | 4,349 |  |  | 4,349 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,349 |  |  |  |
U.S. government agency residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 5,132,352 |  |  | 5,132,352 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,132,352 |  |  | — |
Privately issued residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 74,685 |  |  | 74,685 |  |  | — |  |  | 74,685 |  |  | — |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by U.S. government agencies |  | 2,834,691 |  |  | 2,834,691 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,834,691 |  |  | — |
Other debt securities |  | 25,447 |  |  | 25,447 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,975 |  |  | 472 |
Total available for sale securities |  | 8,072,014 |  |  | 8,072,014 |  |  | 490 |  |  | 8,071,052 |  |  | 472 |
Fair value option securities – U.S. government agency residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 452,150 |  |  | 452,150 |  |  | — |  |  | 452,150 |  |  | — |
Residential mortgage loans held for sale |  | 175,866 |  |  | 175,866 |  |  | — |  |  | 159,028 |  |  | 16,838 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 11,576,101 |  |  | 11,431,818 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,431,818 |
Commercial real estate |  | 3,804,675 |  |  | 3,738,494 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,738,494 |
Residential mortgage |  | 1,971,742 |  |  | 1,937,171 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,937,171 |
Personal |  | 996,941 |  |  | 1,003,857 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,003,857 |
Total loans |  | 18,349,459 |  |  | 18,111,340 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,111,340 |
Allowance for loan losses |  | (210,569 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Loans, net of allowance |  | 18,138,890 |  |  | 18,111,340 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,111,340 |
Mortgage servicing rights |  | 284,673 |  |  | 284,673 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 284,673 |
Derivative instruments with positive fair value, net of cash collateral |  | 349,481 |  |  | 349,481 |  |  | 26,196 |  |  | 323,285 |  |  | — |
Deposits with no stated maturity |  | 19,556,443 |  |  | 19,556,443 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,556,443 |
Time deposits |  | 2,075,846 |  |  | 2,023,244 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,023,244 |
Other borrowed funds |  | 6,816,224 |  |  | 6,530,396 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,530,396 |
Subordinated debentures |  | 144,707 |  |  | 144,186 |  |  | — |  |  | 144,186 |  |  | — |
Derivative instruments with negative fair value, net of cash collateral |  | 252,387 |  |  | 252,387 |  |  | 17,872 |  |  | 234,515 |  |  | — |
The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of all financial instruments, including those financial assets and liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):
|  | Carrying Value |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Instruments (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash and due from banks |  | $ | 602,510 |  |  | $ | 602,510 |  |  | $ | 602,510 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents |  | 1,714,544 |  |  | 1,714,544 |  |  | 1,714,544 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Trading securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government agency debentures |  | 21,196 |  |  | 21,196 |  |  | — |  |  | 21,196 |  |  | — |
U.S. government agency residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 392,673 |  |  | 392,673 |  |  | — |  |  | 392,673 |  |  | — |
Municipal and other tax-exempt securities |  | 13,559 |  |  | 13,559 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,559 |  |  | — |
Asset-backed securities |  | 23,885 |  |  | 23,885 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,885 |  |  | — |
Other trading securities |  | 11,363 |  |  | 11,363 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,363 |  |  | — |
Total trading securities |  | 462,676 |  |  | 462,676 |  |  | — |  |  | 462,676 |  |  | — |
Investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal and other tax-exempt securities |  | 228,186 |  |  | 230,349 |  |  | — |  |  | 230,349 |  |  | — |
U.S. government agency residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 15,891 |  |  | 16,242 |  |  | — |  |  | 16,242 |  |  | — |
Other debt securities |  | 217,716 |  |  | 233,444 |  |  | — |  |  | 233,444 |  |  | — |
Total investment securities |  | 461,793 |  |  | 480,035 |  |  | — |  |  | 480,035 |  |  | — |
Available for sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury |  | 1,000 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Municipal and other tax-exempt securities |  | 27,080 |  |  | 27,080 |  |  | — |  |  | 22,278 |  |  | 4,802 |
U.S. government agency residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 5,309,152 |  |  | 5,309,152 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,309,152 |  |  | — |
Privately issued residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 93,221 |  |  | 93,221 |  |  | — |  |  | 93,221 |  |  | — |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by U.S. government agencies |  | 2,834,961 |  |  | 2,834,961 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,834,961 |  |  | — |
Other debt securities |  | 25,481 |  |  | 25,481 |  |  | — |  |  | 25,009 |  |  | 472 |
Perpetual preferred stock |  | 15,767 |  |  | 15,767 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,767 |  |  | — |
Equity securities and mutual funds |  | 14,916 |  |  | 14,916 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,916 |  |  | — |
Total available for sale securities |  | 8,321,578 |  |  | 8,321,578 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | 8,315,304 |  |  | 5,274 |
Fair value option securities – U.S. government agency residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 755,054 |  |  | 755,054 |  |  | — |  |  | 755,054 |  |  | — |
Residential mortgage loans held for sale |  | 221,378 |  |  | 221,378 |  |  | — |  |  | 209,079 |  |  | 12,299 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 10,733,975 |  |  | 10,524,627 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,524,627 |
Commercial real estate |  | 3,479,987 |  |  | 3,428,733 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,428,733 |
Residential mortgage |  | 1,973,686 |  |  | 1,977,721 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,977,721 |
Personal |  | 965,776 |  |  | 956,706 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 956,706 |
Total loans |  | 17,153,424 |  |  | 16,887,787 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,887,787 |
Allowance for loan losses |  | (230,682 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Loans, net of allowance |  | 16,922,742 |  |  | 16,887,787 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,887,787 |
Mortgage servicing rights |  | 252,867 |  |  | 252,867 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 252,867 |
Derivative instruments with positive fair value, net of cash collateral |  | 220,502 |  |  | 220,502 |  |  | 8,179 |  |  | 212,323 |  |  | — |
Deposits with no stated maturity |  | 19,962,889 |  |  | 19,962,889 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,962,889 |
Time deposits |  | 2,098,416 |  |  | 2,064,558 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,064,558 |
Other borrowed funds |  | 5,709,861 |  |  | 5,703,121 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,703,121 |
Subordinated debentures |  | 144,677 |  |  | 148,207 |  |  | — |  |  | 148,207 |  |  | — |
Derivative instruments with negative fair value, net of cash collateral |  | 171,963 |  |  | 171,963 |  |  | — |  |  | 171,963 |  |  | — |
The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of all financial instruments, including those financial assets and liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2017 (dollars in thousands):
|  | Carrying Value |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Instruments (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash and due from banks |  | $ | 547,203 |  |  | $ | 547,203 |  |  | $ | 547,203 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents |  | 1,926,779 |  |  | 1,926,779 |  |  | 1,926,779 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Trading securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government agency debentures |  | 30,162 |  |  | 30,162 |  |  | — |  |  | 30,162 |  |  | — |
U.S. government agency residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 516,760 |  |  | 516,760 |  |  | — |  |  | 516,760 |  |  | — |
Municipal and other tax-exempt securities |  | 56,148 |  |  | 56,148 |  |  | — |  |  | 56,148 |  |  | — |
Other trading securities |  | 11,047 |  |  | 11,047 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,047 |  |  | — |
Total trading securities |  | 614,117 |  |  | 614,117 |  |  | — |  |  | 614,117 |  |  | — |
Investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal and other tax-exempt securities |  | 246,000 |  |  | 249,250 |  |  | — |  |  | 249,250 |  |  | — |
U.S. government agency residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 16,926 |  |  | 17,458 |  |  | — |  |  | 17,458 |  |  | — |
Other debt securities |  | 203,636 |  |  | 223,187 |  |  | — |  |  | 223,187 |  |  | — |
Total investment securities |  | 466,562 |  |  | 489,895 |  |  | — |  |  | 489,895 |  |  | — |
Available for sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury |  | 999 |  |  | 999 |  |  | 999 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Municipal and other tax-exempt securities |  | 28,368 |  |  | 28,368 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,583 |  |  | 4,785 |
U.S. government agency residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 5,326,384 |  |  | 5,326,384 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,326,384 |  |  | — |
Privately issued residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 99,994 |  |  | 99,994 |  |  | — |  |  | 99,994 |  |  | — |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by U.S. government agencies |  | 2,889,346 |  |  | 2,889,346 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,889,346 |  |  | — |
Other debt securities |  | 4,153 |  |  | 4,153 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,153 |
Perpetual preferred stock |  | 16,245 |  |  | 16,245 |  |  | — |  |  | 16,245 |  |  | — |
Equity securities and mutual funds |  | 17,710 |  |  | 17,710 |  |  | 2,578 |  |  | 15,132 |  |  | — |
Total available for sale securities |  | 8,383,199 |  |  | 8,383,199 |  |  | 3,577 |  |  | 8,370,684 |  |  | 8,938 |
Fair value option securities – U.S. government agency residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 819,531 |  |  | 819,531 |  |  | — |  |  | 819,531 |  |  | — |
Residential mortgage loans held for sale |  | 275,643 |  |  | 275,643 |  |  | — |  |  | 263,543 |  |  | 12,100 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 10,795,934 |  |  | 10,574,720 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,574,720 |
Commercial real estate |  | 3,518,142 |  |  | 3,467,009 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,467,009 |
Residential mortgage |  | 1,945,750 |  |  | 1,958,632 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,958,632 |
Personal |  | 947,008 |  |  | 938,819 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 938,819 |
Total loans |  | 17,206,834 |  |  | 16,939,180 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,939,180 |
Allowance for loan losses |  | (247,703 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Loans, net of allowance |  | 16,959,131 |  |  | 16,939,180 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,939,180 |
Mortgage servicing rights |  | 245,858 |  |  | 245,858 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 245,858 |
Derivative instruments with positive fair value, net of cash collateral |  | 352,559 |  |  | 352,559 |  |  | 8,498 |  |  | 344,061 |  |  | — |
Deposits with no stated maturity |  | 19,675,790 |  |  | 19,675,790 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,675,790 |
Time deposits |  | 2,172,289 |  |  | 2,138,367 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,138,367 |
Other borrowed funds |  | 6,631,820 |  |  | 6,609,642 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,609,642 |
Subordinated debentures |  | 144,668 |  |  | 146,693 |  |  | — |  |  | 146,693 |  |  | — |
Derivative instruments with negative fair value, net of cash collateral |  | 336,327 |  |  | 336,327 |  |  | 6,903 |  |  | 329,424 |  |  | — |
Because no market exists for certain of these financial instruments and management does not intend to sell these financial instruments, the fair values shown in the tables above may not represent values at which the respective financial instruments could be sold individually or in the aggregate at the given reporting date. Fair Value Election As more fully disclosed in Note 2 and Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company has elected to carry all residential mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by U.S. government agencies held as economic hedges against changes in the fair value of mortgage servicing rights and all residential mortgage loans originated for sale at fair value. Changes in the fair value of these financial instruments are recognized in earnings.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2155941 + Details
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