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Loans and Allowances for Credit Losses | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2020
Loans and Leases Receivable, Net Amount [Abstract] |
Loans [Text Block] | Loans Loans are either secured or unsecured based on the type of loan and the financial condition of the borrower. Repayment is generally expected from cash flow or proceeds from the sale of selected assets of the borrower. BOK Financial is exposed to risk of loss on loans due to the borrower’s difficulties, which may arise from any number of factors, including problems within the respective industry or local economic conditions. Access to collateral, in the event of borrower default, is reasonably assured through adherence to applicable lending laws and through sound lending standards and credit review procedures. Accounting policies for all loans, excluding residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, are as follows. Interest is accrued at the applicable interest rate on the principal amount outstanding. Loans are placed on nonaccruing status when, in the opinion of management, full collection of principal or interest is uncertain. Internally risk graded loans are individually evaluated for nonaccruing status quarterly. Non-risk graded loans are generally placed on nonaccruing status when more than 90 days past due or within 60 days of being notified of the borrower's bankruptcy filing. Interest previously accrued but not collected is charged against interest income when the loan is placed on nonaccruing status. Accrued but not paid interest receivable is included in Receivables in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Payments on nonaccruing loans are applied to principal or recognized as interest income, according to management’s judgment as to the collectability of principal. Loans may be returned to accruing status when, in the opinion of management, full collection of principal and interest, including principal previously charged off, is probable based on improvements in the borrower’s financial condition or a sustained period of performance. For loans acquired with no evidence of credit deterioration, discounts are accreted on either an individual basis for loans with unique characteristics or on a pool basis for groups of homogeneous loans. Accretion is discontinued when a loan with an individually attributed discount is placed on nonaccruing status. Loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties may be modified in troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs"). Primarily all TDRs are classified as nonaccruing, excluding loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies. Modifications generally consist of extension of payment terms or interest rate concessions and may result either voluntarily through negotiations with the borrower or involuntarily through court order. Generally, principal and accrued but unpaid interest is not voluntarily forgiven. Performing loans may be renewed under the current collateral value, debt service ratio and other underwriting standards. Nonaccruing loans may be renewed and will remain classified as nonaccruing. Occasionally, loans, other than residential mortgage loans, may be held for sale in order to manage credit concentration. These loans are carried at the lower of cost or fair value with gains or losses recognized in Other gains (losses), net in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. All loans are charged off when the loan balance or a portion of the loan balance is no longer supported by the paying capacity of the borrower or when the required cash flow is reduced in a TDR. The charge-off amount is determined through a quarterly evaluation of available cash resources and collateral value and charge-offs are taken in the quarter in which the loss is identified. Non-risk graded loans that are past due between 60 days and 180 days, based on the loan product type, are charged off. Loans to borrowers whose personal obligation has been discharged through Chapter 7 bankruptcy proceedings are charged off within 60 days of notice of the bankruptcy filing, regardless of payment status. Loan origination and commitment fees and direct loan acquisition and origination costs are deferred and amortized as an adjustment to yield over the life of the loan or over the commitment period, as applicable. Amortization does not anticipate loan prepayments. Net unamortized fees are recognized in full at time of payoff. Qualifying residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies have been sold into GNMA pools. Under certain performance conditions specified in government programs, the Company may have the right, but not the obligation to repurchase loans from GNMA pools. These loans no longer qualify for sale accounting and are recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The carrying value of these loans is reduced based on an estimate of the expected cash flows discounted at the original note rate plus a liquidity spread. Guaranteed loans may be modified in TDRs in accordance with U.S. government agency guidelines. Interest continues to accrue based on the modified rate. Guaranteed loans may either be resold into GNMA pools after a performance period specified by the programs or foreclosed and conveyed to the guarantors. Loans are disaggregated into portfolio segments and further disaggregated into classes. The portfolio segment is the level at which the Company develops and documents a systematic method for determining its allowance for credit losses. Classes are a further disaggregation of portfolio segments based on the risk characteristics of the loans and the Company’s method for monitoring and assessing credit risk. Portfolio segments of the loan portfolio are as follows (in thousands):
|  | March 31, 2020
|  | Fixed Rate |  | Variable Rate |  | Non-accrual |  | Total
Commercial |  | 3,205,558 |  |  | 11,471,793 |  |  | 118,624 |  |  | $ | 14,795,975 |
Commercial real estate |  | 1,045,825 |  |  | 3,395,715 |  |  | 8,545 |  |  | 4,450,085 |
Loans to individuals |  | 1,878,018 |  |  | 1,303,889 |  |  | 36,003 |  |  | 3,217,910 |
Total |  | $ | 6,129,401 |  |  | $ | 16,171,397 |  |  | $ | 163,172 |  |  | $ | 22,463,970 |
Credit Commitments Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of conditions established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. At March 31, 2020, outstanding commitments totaled $10.0 billion. Because some commitments are expected to expire before being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. BOK Financial uses the same credit policies in making commitments as it does loans. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, is based upon management’s credit evaluation of the borrower. Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Because the credit risk involved in issuing standby letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan commitments, BOK Financial uses the same credit policies in evaluating the creditworthiness of the customer. Additionally, BOK Financial uses the same evaluation process in obtaining collateral on standby letters of credit as it does for loan commitments. The term of these standby letters of credit is defined in each commitment and typically corresponds with the underlying loan commitment. At March 31, 2020, outstanding standby letters of credit totaled $684 million. Allowances for Credit Losses and Accrual for Off-balance Sheet Credit Risk from Unfunded Loans Commitments BOK Financial’s accounting policies have changed significantly with the adoption of CECL as of January 1, 2020. Prior periods are not restated. Prior to January 1, 2020, general allowances and nonspecific allowances were based on incurred credit losses in accordance with accounting policies disclosed in Note 1 of the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2019 Form 10-K. The allowance for loan losses and accrual for off-balance sheet credit risk from unfunded loan commitments represent the portion of the amortized cost basis of loans that we do not expect to collect over the asset’s contractual life, considering past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. The appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses, including industry and product adjustments and nonspecific allowances, is assessed quarterly by a senior management Allowance Committee. This review is based on an on-going evaluation of the estimated expected credit losses in the portfolio and on unused commitments to provide financing. A well-documented methodology has been developed and is applied by an independent Credit Administration department to assure consistency across the Company. The allowance for loan losses consists of specific allowances attributed to certain individual loans, generally nonaccruing loans, with dissimilar risk characteristics that have not yet been charged down to amounts we expect to recover and general allowances for estimated credit losses on pools of loans that share similar risk characteristics. When full collection of principal or interest is uncertain, the loan’s risk characteristics have changed, and we exclude the loan from the general allowance pool, typically designating it as nonaccruing. For these loans, a specific allowance reflects the expected credit loss. We measure specific allowances for loans excluded from the general allowance pool by an evaluation of estimated future cash flows discounted at the loans initial effective interest rate or the fair value of collateral for certain collateral dependent loans. For a non-collateral dependent loan, the specific allowance is the amount by which the loan’s amortized cost basis exceeds its net realizable value. We measure the specific allowance for collateral dependent loans as the amount by which the loan’s amortized costs basis exceeds its fair value. When repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale of collateral, we deduct estimated selling costs from the collateral’s fair value. Generally, third party appraisals that conform to Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice serve as the basis for the fair value of real property held as collateral. These appraised values are on an “as-is” basis and generally are not adjusted by the Company. We obtain updated appraisals at least annually or more frequently if market conditions indicate collateral values may have declined. For energy loans, our internal staff of engineers generally determines collateral value of mineral rights based on projected cash flows from proven oil and gas reserves under existing economic and operating conditions. For real property held as collateral for other loans, third party appraisals that conform to Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice generally serve as the basis for the fair value. These appraised values are on an “as-is” basis and generally are not adjusted by the Company. We obtain updated appraisals at least annually or more frequently if market conditions indicate collateral values may have declined. Our special assets staff generally determines the value of other collateral based on projected liquidation cash flows under current market conditions. We evaluate collateral values and available cash resources quarterly. Historical statistics may be used to estimate specific allowances in limited situations, such as when a collateral dependent loan is removed from the general allowance pool near the end of a reporting period until an appraisal of collateral value is received or a full assessment of future cash flows is completed. General allowances estimate expected credit losses on pools of loans sharing similar risk characteristics that are expected to occur over the loan’s estimated remaining life. The loan’s estimated remaining life represents the contractual term adjusted for amortization, estimates of prepayments, and borrower-owned extension options. Approximately 90 percent of the committed dollars in the loan portfolio is risk graded loans with general allowance model inputs that include probability of default, loss given default, and exposure at default. Probability of default is based on the migration of loans from performing to nonperforming using historical life of loan analysis periods. Loss given default is based on the aggregate losses incurred, net of estimated recoveries. Exposure at default represents an estimate of the outstanding amount of credit exposure at the time a default may occur. Charge-off migration is used to calculate the general allowance for the majority of non-risk graded loans to individuals. The expected credit loss on less than 10 percent of the committed dollars in the portfolio is calculated using charge-off migration. The expected credit loss on approximately 1 percent of the committed dollars in the portfolio is calculated using a non-modeled approach. Specifically, the calculation applies a long-term net charge-off rate to the loan balances, adjusted for the weighted average remaining maturity of each portfolio. In estimating the expected credit losses for general allowances on performing risk-graded loans, each portfolio class is assigned relevant economic loss drivers which best explain variations in portfolio net loss rates. The probability of default estimates for each portfolio class are adjusted for current and forecasted economic conditions. The result is applied to the exposure at default and loss given default to calculate the lifetime expected credit loss estimate. Selection of relevant economic loss drivers is re-evaluated periodically and involves statistical analysis as well as management judgment. The unemployment rate factors significantly in the allowance for loan losses calculation, affecting commercial and loans to individuals segments. Other primary factors impacting the commercial portfolio include BBB corporate spreads, real gross domestic product growth rate, and energy commodity prices. The primary commercial real estate variables are vacancy rate and BBB corporate spreads. In addition to the unemployment rate, the forecast for loans to individuals is tied to home price index. The forecasts may include regional economic factors when localized conditions diverge from national conditions. An Economic Forecast Committee, consisting of senior management with members largely independent of the allowance process develops a twelve-month forward-looking forecast for the relevant economic loss drivers. Management develops these forecasts based on external data as well as a view of future economic conditions, which may include adjustments for regional conditions. The forecast includes three economic scenarios and probability weights for each scenario. The base forecast represents management's view of the most likely outcome, while the downside forecast reflects reasonably possible worsening economic conditions, and the upside forecast projects reasonably possible improving conditions. At the end of the one-year reasonable and supportable forecast period, we transition from shorter-term expected losses to long-term loss averages for the loan’s estimated remaining life. The difference between short-term loss forecasts and long-term loss averages is run-off over the reversion horizon, up to three years, depending on the forecasted economic scenarios. General allowances also consider the estimated impact of factors that are not captured in the modeled results or historical experience. These qualitative adjustments, determined by management, may increase or decrease the allowance estimated by modeled results. Factors not captured in modeled results or historical experience may include for example, new lines of business, market conditions that have not been previously encountered, observed changes in credit risk that are not yet reflected in macro-economic factors, or economic conditions that impact loss given default assumptions. The accrual for off-balance sheet credit risk is maintained at a level that is appropriate to cover estimated losses associated with credit instruments that are not currently recognized as assets such as loan commitments, standby letters of credit or guarantees that are not unconditionally cancelable by the bank. This accrual is included in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The appropriateness of the accrual is determined in the same manner as the allowance for loan losses, with the added consideration of commitment usage over the remaining life for those loans that the bank can not unconditionally cancel. A provision for credit losses is charged against or credited to earnings in amounts necessary to maintain an appropriate Allowance for Credit Losses. Recoveries of loans previously charged off are added to the allowance when received. The activity in the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for off-balance sheet credit losses related to loan commitments and standby letters of credit for the three months ended March 31, 2020 is summarized as follows (in thousands):
|  | Commercial |  | Commercial Real Estate |  | Loans to Individuals |  | Nonspecific Allowance |  | Total
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 118,187 |  |  | $ | 51,805 |  |  | $ | 23,572 |  |  | $ | 17,195 |  |  | $ | 210,759 |
Transition adjustment |  | 33,681 |  |  | (4,620 | ) |  | 13,943 |  |  | (17,195 | ) |  | 25,809 |
Beginning balance, adjusted |  | 151,868 |  |  | 47,185 |  |  | 37,515 |  |  | — |  |  | 236,568 |
Provision for loan losses |  | 77,723 |  |  | 5,115 |  |  | 13,126 |  |  | — |  |  | 95,964 |
Loans charged off |  | (16,615 | ) |  | (886 | ) |  | (1,416 | ) |  | — |  |  | (18,917 | )
Recoveries of loans previously charged off |  | 462 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 1,187 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,696 |
Ending Balance |  | 213,438 |  |  | 51,461 |  |  | 50,412 |  |  | — |  |  | 315,311 |
Allowance for off-balance sheet credit risk from unfunded loan commitments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | 1,434 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 44 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,585 |
Transition adjustment |  | 10,144 |  |  | 11,660 |  |  | 1,748 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,552 |
Beginning balance, adjusted |  | 11,578 |  |  | 11,767 |  |  | 1,792 |  |  | — |  |  | 25,137 |
Provision for off-balance sheet credit risk |  | 2,462 |  |  | 808 |  |  | 107 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,377 |
Ending Balance |  | 14,040 |  |  | 12,575 |  |  | 1,899 |  |  | — |  |  | 28,514 |
Changes in our reasonable and supportable forecasts of macroeconomic variables, primarily due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, oil price declines, and other assumptions, required a provision of $66.2 million during the first quarter of 2020. All other changes totaled $33.1 million, which included $7.5 million related to loan growth, $8.4 million related to changes in impairment, risk grading and other portfolio changes and net charge-offs of $17.2 million. The allowance for loan losses and recorded investment of the related loans by portfolio segment for each measurement method at March 31, 2020 is as follows (in thousands):
|  | Collectively Measured for General Allowances |  | Individually Measured for Specific Allowances |  | Total
|  | Recorded Investment |  | Related Allowance |  | Recorded Investment |  | Related Allowance |  | Recorded Investment |  | Related Allowance
Commercial |  | $ | 14,677,351 |  |  | $ | 203,554 |  |  | $ | 118,624 |  |  | $ | 9,884 |  |  | $ | 14,795,975 |  |  | $ | 213,438 |
Commercial real estate |  | 4,441,540 |  |  | 51,461 |  |  | 8,545 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,450,085 |  |  | 51,461 |
Loans to individuals |  | 3,181,907 |  |  | 50,412 |  |  | 36,003 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,217,910 |  |  | 50,412 |
Total |  | 22,300,798 |  |  | 305,427 |  |  | 163,172 |  |  | 9,884 |  |  | 22,463,970 |  |  | 315,311 |
Credit Quality Indicators The Company utilizes risk grading as primary credit quality indicators as it influences the probability of default which is a key attribute in the expected credit losses calculation. Substantially all commercial as well as commercial real estate loans and certain loans to individuals are risk graded based on a quarterly evaluation of the borrowers’ ability to repay the loans. Certain commercial loans and most loans to individuals are small, homogeneous pools that are not risk-graded. The credit quality of these loans is based on past due days in accordance with regulatory guidelines. We have included in the credit quality indicator “pass” loans that are in compliance with the original terms of the agreement and currently exhibit no factors that cause management to have doubts about the borrowers’ ability to remain in compliance with the original terms of the agreement, which is consistent with the regulatory guideline of “pass.” This also includes past due residential mortgages that are guaranteed by agencies of the U.S. government that continue to accrue interest based on criteria of the guarantors’ programs. Other loans especially mentioned ("Special Mention") are currently performing in compliance with the original terms of the agreement but may have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention, consistent with regulatory guidelines. Non-graded loans 30 to 59 days past due are categorized as Special Mention. The risk grading process identified certain loans that have a well-defined weakness (for example, inadequate debt service coverage or liquidity or marginal capitalization; repayment may depend on collateral or other risk mitigation) that may jeopardize liquidation of the debt and represent a greater risk due to deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower. This is consistent with the regulatory guideline for “substandard.” Because the borrowers are still performing in accordance with the original terms of the loan agreements, these loans remain on accruing status. Non-graded loans 60 to 89 days past due are categorized as Accruing Substandard. Nonaccruing loans represent loans for which full collection of principal and interest is uncertain. This includes certain loans considered “substandard” and all loans considered “doubtful” by regulatory guidelines. Non-graded loans 90 or more days past due are categorized as Nonaccrual. Probability of default is lowest for pass graded loans and increases for each credit quality indicator, Special Mention, and Accruing Substandard. Vintage represents the year of origination, except for revolving loans which are considered in aggregate. Loans that were once revolving but have converted to term loans without additional underwriting appear in a separate vintage column. The following table summarizes the Company’s loan portfolio at March 31, 2020 by the risk grade categories and vintage (in thousands):
| Origination Year |  |  |
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | Prior | Revolving Loans | Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans | Total
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Energy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 2,285 |  | $ | 107,434 |  | $ | 74,946 |  | $ | 15,377 |  | $ | 1,506 |  | $ | 3,484 |  | $ | 3,505,123 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 3,710,155 |
Special Mention | — |  | — |  | 10,260 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 118,222 |  | — |  | 128,482 |
Accruing Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 58 |  | 13,439 |  | 163,094 |  | — |  | 176,591 |
Nonaccrual | — |  | 3,802 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 28,899 |  | 63,747 |  | — |  | 96,448 |
Total energy | 2,285 |  | 111,236 |  | 85,206 |  | 15,377 |  | 1,564 |  | 45,822 |  | 3,850,186 |  | — |  | 4,111,676 |
Healthcare |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 131,002 |  | 615,580 |  | 623,438 |  | 479,985 |  | 250,320 |  | 806,699 |  | 205,384 |  | 27 |  | 3,112,435 |
Special Mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | 3,782 |  | 178 |  | 19,133 |  | 3,515 |  | — |  | 26,608 |
Accruing Substandard | — |  | 3,505 |  | 7,955 |  | 1,001 |  | 57 |  | 9,465 |  | — |  | — |  | 21,983 |
Nonaccrual | 29 |  | 37 |  | 535 |  | — |  | — |  | 2,935 |  | 534 |  | — |  | 4,070 |
Total healthcare | 131,031 |  | 619,122 |  | 631,928 |  | 484,768 |  | 250,555 |  | 838,232 |  | 209,433 |  | 27 |  | 3,165,096 |
Services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 65,471 |  | 529,831 |  | 512,549 |  | 441,302 |  | 407,067 |  | 899,776 |  | 987,628 |  | 2,594 |  | 3,846,218 |
Special Mention | — |  | 1,125 |  | 18,071 |  | 13,977 |  | 4,219 |  | 10,963 |  | 10,715 |  | — |  | 59,070 |
Accruing Substandard | — |  | 10,675 |  | 1,782 |  | 2,774 |  | 8,674 |  | 3,709 |  | 14,421 |  | — |  | 42,035 |
Nonaccrual | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2,633 |  | 1,167 |  | 3,931 |  | 694 |  | — |  | 8,425 |
Total services | 65,471 |  | 541,631 |  | 532,402 |  | 460,686 |  | 421,127 |  | 918,379 |  | 1,013,458 |  | 2,594 |  | 3,955,748 |
General business |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 154,807 |  | 525,223 |  | 365,108 |  | 271,723 |  | 165,711 |  | 278,923 |  | 1,705,114 |  | 15,600 |  | 3,482,209 |
Special Mention | — |  | 7,382 |  | 3,259 |  | 6,530 |  | 1,003 |  | 5,168 |  | 7,387 |  | 138 |  | 30,867 |
Accruing Substandard | 169 |  | 8,715 |  | 5,900 |  | 4,564 |  | 6,195 |  | 5,005 |  | 10,144 |  | 6 |  | 40,698 |
Nonaccrual | — |  | 1,980 |  | 4,928 |  | 1,100 |  | 1,344 |  | 161 |  | 154 |  | 14 |  | 9,681 |
Total general business | 154,976 |  | 543,300 |  | 379,195 |  | 283,917 |  | 174,253 |  | 289,257 |  | 1,722,799 |  | 15,758 |  | 3,563,455 |
Total commercial | 353,763 |  | 1,815,289 |  | 1,628,731 |  | 1,244,748 |  | 847,499 |  | 2,091,690 |  | 6,795,876 |  | 18,379 |  | 14,795,975 |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 187,958 |  | 1,085,148 |  | 1,049,257 |  | 599,480 |  | 382,196 |  | 880,706 |  | 231,526 |  | 42 |  | 4,416,313 |
Special Mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | 12,167 |  | 1,640 |  | 3,152 |  | — |  | — |  | 16,959 |
Accruing Substandard | — |  | 35 |  | 1,011 |  | 6,722 |  | — |  | 473 |  | 27 |  | — |  | 8,268 |
Nonaccrual | — |  | — |  | — |  | 232 |  | 7,484 |  | 829 |  | — |  | — |  | 8,545 |
Total commercial real estate | 187,958 |  | 1,085,183 |  | 1,050,268 |  | 618,601 |  | 391,320 |  | 885,160 |  | 231,553 |  | 42 |  | 4,450,085 |
| Origination Year |  |  |
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | Prior | Revolving Loans | Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans | Total
Loans to individuals: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 58,635 |  | 216,234 |  | 195,224 |  | 231,620 |  | 220,120 |  | 496,676 |  | 36,298 |  | 352,870 |  | 1,807,677 |
Special Mention | — |  | — |  | 286 |  | 38 |  | 205 |  | 1,859 |  | 246 |  | 835 |  | 3,469 |
Accruing Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | 94 |  | 2,155 |  | 277 |  | 40 |  | 122 |  | 2,688 |
Nonaccrual | — |  | 31 |  | 491 |  | 322 |  | 1,039 |  | 26,039 |  | 658 |  | 2,141 |  | 30,721 |
Total residential mortgage | 58,635 |  | 216,265 |  | 196,001 |  | 232,074 |  | 223,519 |  | 524,851 |  | 37,242 |  | 355,968 |  | 1,844,555 |
Residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | — |  | 1,459 |  | 8,321 |  | 13,353 |  | 28,986 |  | 140,765 |  | — |  | — |  | 192,884 |
Nonaccrual | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 5,005 |  | — |  | — |  | 5,005 |
Total residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies | — |  | 1,459 |  | 8,321 |  | 13,353 |  | 28,986 |  | 145,770 |  | — |  | — |  | 197,889 |
Personal: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 48,145 |  | 234,882 |  | 88,016 |  | 115,576 |  | 74,987 |  | 103,717 |  | 505,951 |  | 3,000 |  | 1,174,274 |
Special Mention | — |  | 30 |  | 37 |  | 50 |  | 49 |  | 455 |  | 2 |  | — |  | 623 |
Accruing Substandard | — |  | 264 |  | 9 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 19 |  | — |  | 292 |
Nonaccrual | — |  | 57 |  | 53 |  | 24 |  | 62 |  | 50 |  | 31 |  | — |  | 277 |
Total personal | 48,145 |  | 235,233 |  | 88,115 |  | 115,650 |  | 75,098 |  | 104,222 |  | 506,003 |  | 3,000 |  | 1,175,466 |
Total loans to individuals | 106,780 |  | 452,957 |  | 292,437 |  | 361,077 |  | 327,603 |  | 774,843 |  | 543,245 |  | 358,968 |  | 3,217,910 |
Total loans | $ | 648,501 |  | $ | 3,353,429 |  | $ | 2,971,436 |  | $ | 2,224,426 |  | $ | 1,566,422 |  | $ | 3,751,693 |  | $ | 7,570,674 |  | $ | 377,389 |  | $ | 22,463,970 |
Nonaccruing Loans A summary of nonaccruing loans at March 31, 2020 follows (in thousands):
| As of March 31, 2020
| Total |  | With No Allowance |  | With Allowance |  | Related Allowance
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Energy | $ | 96,448 |  |  | $ | 40,424 |  |  | $ | 56,024 |  |  | $ | 9,375 |
Healthcare | 4,070 |  |  | 4,070 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Services | 8,425 |  |  | 7,258 |  |  | 1,167 |  |  | 240 |
General business | 9,681 |  |  | 9,412 |  |  | 269 |  |  | 269 |
Total commercial | 118,624 |  |  | 61,164 |  |  | 57,460 |  |  | 9,884 |
Commercial real estate | 8,545 |  |  | 8,545 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Loans to individuals: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage | 30,721 |  |  | 30,721 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies | 5,005 |  |  | 5,005 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Personal | 277 |  |  | 277 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total loans to individuals | 36,003 |  |  | 36,003 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 163,172 |  |  | $ | 105,712 |  |  | $ | 57,460 |  |  | $ | 9,884 |
Troubled Debt Restructurings At March 31, 2020 the Company had $149 million in troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs"), of which $92 million were accruing residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies. Approximately $54 million of TDRs were performing in accordance with the modified terms. At December 31, 2019, the Company had $132 million in TDRs, of which $92 million were accruing residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies. Approximately $57 million of TDRs were performing in accordance with the modified terms. TDRs generally consist of interest rate concessions, payment stream concessions or a combination of concessions to distressed borrowers. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, $28 million of loans were restructured and $2.0 million of loans designated as TDRs were charged off. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, $18 million of loans were restructured and $8.3 million of loans designated as TDRs were charged off. Past Due Loans Past due status for all loan classes is based on the actual number of days since the last payment was due according to the contractual terms of the loans. A summary of loans currently performing and past due as of March 31, 2020 is as follows (in thousands):
|  |  |  | Past Due |  |  |  | Past Due 90 Days or More and Accruing
|  | Current |  | 30 to 59 Days |  | 60 to 89 Days |  | 90 Days or More |  | Total |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Energy |  | $ | 4,058,605 |  |  | $ | 267 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 52,804 |  |  | $ | 4,111,676 |  |  | $ | — |
Healthcare |  | 3,160,196 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 4,743 |  |  | 3,165,096 |  |  | 714 |
Services |  | 3,941,795 |  |  | 7,173 |  |  | 198 |  |  | 6,582 |  |  | 3,955,748 |  |  | 74 |
General business |  | 3,553,504 |  |  | 2,618 |  |  | 4,651 |  |  | 2,682 |  |  | 3,563,455 |  |  | — |
Total commercial |  | 14,714,100 |  |  | 10,104 |  |  | 4,960 |  |  | 66,811 |  |  | 14,795,975 |  |  | 788 |
Commercial real estate |  | 4,433,887 |  |  | 4,523 |  |  | 340 |  |  | 11,335 |  |  | 4,450,085 |  |  | 2,796 |
Loans to individuals: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage |  | 1,828,421 |  |  | 8,759 |  |  | 1,717 |  |  | 5,658 |  |  | 1,844,555 |  |  | 119 |
Residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies |  | 55,901 |  |  | 25,948 |  |  | 16,217 |  |  | 99,823 |  |  | 197,889 |  |  | 96,980 |
Personal |  | 1,175,143 |  |  | 169 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 1,175,466 |  |  | 3 |
Total loans to individuals |  | 3,059,465 |  |  | 34,876 |  |  | 18,011 |  |  | 105,558 |  |  | 3,217,910 |  |  | 97,102 |
Total |  | $ | 22,207,452 |  |  | $ | 49,503 |  |  | $ | 23,311 |  |  | $ | 183,704 |  |  | $ | 22,463,970 |  |  | $ | 100,686 |
Following is disclosure of loans and the combined allowance for loan losses and accrual for off-balance sheet credit losses under the previous incurred loss model. Portfolio segments of the loan portfolio are as follows (in thousands):
|  | December 31, 2019
|  | Fixed Rate |  | Variable Rate |  | Non-accrual |  | Total
Commercial |  | $ | 3,231,485 |  |  | $ | 10,684,749 |  |  | $ | 115,416 |  |  | $ | 14,031,650 |
Commercial real estate |  | 1,056,321 |  |  | 3,349,836 |  |  | 27,626 |  |  | 4,433,783 |
Residential mortgage |  | 1,652,653 |  |  | 393,897 |  |  | 37,622 |  |  | 2,084,172 |
Personal |  | 193,903 |  |  | 1,007,192 |  |  | 287 |  |  | 1,201,382 |
Total |  | $ | 6,134,362 |  |  | $ | 15,435,674 |  |  | $ | 180,951 |  |  | $ | 21,750,987 |
Accruing loans past due (90 days)1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 7,680 |
1 | Excludes residential mortgage loans guaranteed by agencies of the U.S. government
The activity in the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for off-balance sheet credit losses related to loan commitments and standby letters of credit for the three months ended March 31, 2019 is summarized as follows (in thousands):
|  | Commercial |  | Commercial Real Estate |  | Residential Mortgage |  | Personal |  | Nonspecific Allowance |  | Total
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 102,226 |  |  | $ | 60,026 |  |  | $ | 17,964 |  |  | $ | 9,473 |  |  | $ | 17,768 |  |  | $ | 207,457 |
Provision for loan losses |  | 11,108 |  |  | (2,004 | ) |  | (2,408 | ) |  | (137 | ) |  | 1,410 |  |  | 7,969 |
Loans charged off |  | (10,468 | ) |  | — |  |  | (42 | ) |  | (1,265 | ) |  | — |  |  | (11,775 | )
Recoveries |  | 711 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 154 |  |  | 712 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,689 |
Ending balance |  | $ | 103,577 |  |  | $ | 58,134 |  |  | $ | 15,668 |  |  | $ | 8,783 |  |  | $ | 19,178 |  |  | $ | 205,340 |
Allowance for off-balance sheet credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | 1,655 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 1,790 |
Provision for off-balance sheet credit losses |  | 70 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | (30 | ) |  | — |  |  | 31 |
Ending balance |  | $ | 1,725 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,821 |
Total provision for credit losses |  | $ | 11,178 |  |  | $ | (2,008 | ) |  | $ | (2,413 | ) |  | $ | (167 | ) |  | $ | 1,410 |  |  | $ | 8,000 |
The allowance for loan losses and recorded investment of the related loans by portfolio segment for each impairment measurement method at December 31, 2019 is as follows (in thousands):
|  | Collectively Measured for Impairment |  | Individually Measured for Impairment |  | Total
|  | Recorded Investment |  | Related Allowance |  | Recorded Investment |  | Related Allowance |  | Recorded Investment |  | Related Allowance
Commercial |  | $ | 13,916,234 |  |  | $ | 100,773 |  |  | $ | 115,416 |  |  | $ | 17,414 |  |  | $ | 14,031,650 |  |  | $ | 118,187 |
Commercial real estate |  | 4,406,157 |  |  | 51,805 |  |  | 27,626 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,433,783 |  |  | 51,805 |
Residential mortgage |  | 2,046,550 |  |  | 14,400 |  |  | 37,622 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,084,172 |  |  | 14,400 |
Personal |  | 1,201,095 |  |  | 9,172 |  |  | 287 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,201,382 |  |  | 9,172 |
Total |  | 21,570,036 |  |  | 176,150 |  |  | 180,951 |  |  | 17,414 |  |  | 21,750,987 |  |  | 193,564 |
Nonspecific allowance |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17,195 |
Total |  | $ | 21,570,036 |  |  | $ | 176,150 |  |  | $ | 180,951 |  |  | $ | 17,414 |  |  | $ | 21,750,987 |  |  | $ | 210,759 |
The allowance for loan losses and recorded investment of the related loans by portfolio segment for risk graded and non-risk graded loans at December 31, 2019 is as follows (in thousands):
|  | Internally Risk Graded |  | Non-Graded |  | Total
|  | Recorded Investment |  | Related Allowance |  | Recorded Investment |  | Related Allowance |  | Recorded Investment |  | Related Allowance
Commercial |  | $ | 13,997,538 |  |  | $ | 117,236 |  |  | $ | 34,112 |  |  | $ | 951 |  |  | $ | 14,031,650 |  |  | $ | 118,187 |
Commercial real estate |  | 4,433,783 |  |  | 51,805 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,433,783 |  |  | 51,805 |
Residential mortgage |  | 279,113 |  |  | 3,085 |  |  | 1,805,059 |  |  | 11,315 |  |  | 2,084,172 |  |  | 14,400 |
Personal |  | 1,116,297 |  |  | 7,003 |  |  | 85,085 |  |  | 2,169 |  |  | 1,201,382 |  |  | 9,172 |
Total |  | 19,826,731 |  |  | 179,129 |  |  | 1,924,256 |  |  | 14,435 |  |  | 21,750,987 |  |  | 193,564 |
Nonspecific allowance |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17,195 |
Total |  | $ | 19,826,731 |  |  | $ | 179,129 |  |  | $ | 1,924,256 |  |  | $ | 14,435 |  |  | $ | 21,750,987 |  |  | $ | 210,759 |
The following table summarizes the Company’s loan portfolio at December 31, 2019 by the risk grade categories (in thousands):
|  | Internally Risk Graded |  | Non-Graded |  |
|  | Performing |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Pass |  | Other Loans Especially Mentioned |  | Accruing Substandard |  | Nonaccrual |  | Performing |  | Nonaccrual |  | Total
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Energy |  | $ | 3,700,406 |  |  | $ | 117,298 |  |  | $ | 63,951 |  |  | $ | 91,722 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,973,377 |
Services |  | 3,050,946 |  |  | 29,943 |  |  | 33,791 |  |  | 7,483 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,122,163 |
Wholesale/retail |  | 1,749,023 |  |  | 5,281 |  |  | 5,399 |  |  | 1,163 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,760,866 |
Manufacturing |  | 623,219 |  |  | 18,214 |  |  | 13,883 |  |  | 10,133 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 665,449 |
Healthcare |  | 2,995,514 |  |  | 13,117 |  |  | 20,805 |  |  | 4,480 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,033,916 |
Public finance |  | 709,868 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 709,868 |
Other commercial and industrial |  | 709,729 |  |  | 4,028 |  |  | 17,744 |  |  | 398 |  |  | 34,075 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 766,011 |
Total commercial |  | 13,538,705 |  |  | 187,881 |  |  | 155,573 |  |  | 115,379 |  |  | 34,075 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 14,031,650 |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential construction and land development |  | 150,529 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 350 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 150,879 |
Retail |  | 743,343 |  |  | 12,067 |  |  | 1,243 |  |  | 18,868 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 775,521 |
Office |  | 923,202 |  |  | 5,177 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 928,379 |
Multifamily |  | 1,257,005 |  |  | 1,604 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 6,858 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,265,562 |
Industrial |  | 852,539 |  |  | 1,658 |  |  | 1,011 |  |  | 909 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 856,117 |
Other commercial real estate |  | 455,045 |  |  | 1,639 |  |  | — |  |  | 641 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 457,325 |
Total commercial real estate |  | 4,381,663 |  |  | 22,145 |  |  | 2,349 |  |  | 27,626 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,433,783 |
Residential mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Permanent mortgage |  | 276,138 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 2,404 |  |  | 493 |  |  | 758,260 |  |  | 19,948 |  |  | 1,057,321 |
Permanent mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 191,694 |  |  | 6,100 |  |  | 197,794 |
Home equity |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 817,976 |  |  | 11,081 |  |  | 829,057 |
Total residential mortgage |  | 276,138 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 2,404 |  |  | 493 |  |  | 1,767,930 |  |  | 37,129 |  |  | 2,084,172 |
Personal |  | 1,116,196 |  |  | 45 |  |  | — |  |  | 56 |  |  | 84,853 |  |  | 232 |  |  | 1,201,382 |
Total |  | $ | 19,312,702 |  |  | $ | 210,149 |  |  | $ | 160,326 |  |  | $ | 143,554 |  |  | $ | 1,886,858 |  |  | $ | 37,398 |  |  | $ | 21,750,987 |
Impaired Loans Loans are considered to be impaired when it is probable that the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. This generally includes all nonaccruing loans, all loans modified in a TDR and all loans repurchased from GNMA pools. Generally, no interest income is recognized on impaired loans until all principal balances, including amounts charged-off, are recovered. A summary of impaired loans at December 31, 2019 follows (in thousands):
|  |  |  | Recorded Investment
|  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Total |  | With No Allowance |  | With Allowance |  | Related Allowance
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Energy |  | $ | 149,441 |  |  | $ | 91,722 |  |  | $ | 44,244 |  |  | $ | 47,478 |  |  | $ | 16,854 |
Services |  | 10,923 |  |  | 7,483 |  |  | 6,301 |  |  | 1,182 |  |  | 240 |
Wholesale/retail |  | 1,980 |  |  | 1,163 |  |  | 902 |  |  | 261 |  |  | 101 |
Manufacturing |  | 10,848 |  |  | 10,133 |  |  | 9,914 |  |  | 219 |  |  | 219 |
Healthcare |  | 13,774 |  |  | 4,480 |  |  | 4,480 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Public finance |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other commercial and industrial |  | 8,227 |  |  | 435 |  |  | 435 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total commercial |  | 195,193 |  |  | 115,416 |  |  | 66,276 |  |  | 49,140 |  |  | 17,414 |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential construction and land development |  | 1,306 |  |  | 350 |  |  | 350 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Retail |  | 20,265 |  |  | 18,868 |  |  | 18,868 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Office |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Multifamily |  | 6,858 |  |  | 6,858 |  |  | 6,858 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Industrial |  | 909 |  |  | 909 |  |  | 909 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other commercial real estate |  | 801 |  |  | 641 |  |  | 641 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total commercial real estate |  | 30,139 |  |  | 27,626 |  |  | 27,626 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Permanent mortgage |  | 24,868 |  |  | 20,441 |  |  | 20,441 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Permanent mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies1 |  | 204,187 |  |  | 197,794 |  |  | 197,794 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity |  | 12,967 |  |  | 11,081 |  |  | 11,081 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total residential mortgage |  | 242,022 |  |  | 229,316 |  |  | 229,316 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Personal |  | 360 |  |  | 287 |  |  | 287 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 467,714 |  |  | $ | 372,645 |  |  | $ | 323,505 |  |  | $ | 49,140 |  |  | $ | 17,414 |
1 | All permanent mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies are considered impaired as we do not expect full collection of contractual principal and interest. At December 31, 2019, the majority were accruing based on the guarantee by U.S. government agencies.
A summary of loans currently performing, loans past due and accruing and nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2019 is as follows (in thousands):
|  |  |  | Past Due |  |  |  |
|  | Current |  | 30 to 59 Days |  | 60 to 89 Days |  | 90 Days or More |  | Nonaccrual |  | Total
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Energy |  | $ | 3,881,244 |  |  | $ | 401 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 91,722 |  |  | $ | 3,973,377 |
Services |  | 3,105,621 |  |  | 1,737 |  |  | 523 |  |  | 6,799 |  |  | 7,483 |  |  | 3,122,163 |
Wholesale |  | 1,758,878 |  |  | 712 |  |  | 113 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,163 |  |  | 1,760,866 |
Manufacturing |  | 654,329 |  |  | 410 |  |  | 190 |  |  | 387 |  |  | 10,133 |  |  | 665,449 |
Healthcare |  | 3,027,329 |  |  | 2,039 |  |  | — |  |  | 68 |  |  | 4,480 |  |  | 3,033,916 |
Public finance |  | 707,638 |  |  | 2,230 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 709,868 |
Other commercial and industrial |  | 764,390 |  |  | 414 |  |  | 772 |  |  | — |  |  | 435 |  |  | 766,011 |
Total commercial |  | 13,899,429 |  |  | 7,943 |  |  | 1,608 |  |  | 7,254 |  |  | 115,416 |  |  | 14,031,650 |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential construction and land development |  | 147,379 |  |  | 3,093 |  |  | — |  |  | 57 |  |  | 350 |  |  | 150,879 |
Retail |  | 756,653 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,868 |  |  | 775,521 |
Office |  | 928,379 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 928,379 |
Multifamily |  | 1,258,704 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,858 |  |  | 1,265,562 |
Industrial |  | 855,208 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 909 |  |  | 856,117 |
Other commercial real estate |  | 454,253 |  |  | 1,827 |  |  | 250 |  |  | 354 |  |  | 641 |  |  | 457,325 |
Total commercial real estate |  | 4,400,576 |  |  | 4,920 |  |  | 250 |  |  | 411 |  |  | 27,626 |  |  | 4,433,783 |
Residential Mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Permanent mortgage |  | 1,034,716 |  |  | 2,011 |  |  | 153 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,441 |  |  | 1,057,321 |
Permanent mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies |  | 46,898 |  |  | 24,203 |  |  | 18,187 |  |  | 102,406 |  |  | 6,100 |  |  | 197,794 |
Home equity |  | 814,325 |  |  | 3,343 |  |  | 308 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,081 |  |  | 829,057 |
Total residential mortgage |  | 1,895,939 |  |  | 29,557 |  |  | 18,648 |  |  | 102,406 |  |  | 37,622 |  |  | 2,084,172 |
Personal |  | 1,196,362 |  |  | 4,664 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 287 |  |  | 1,201,382 |
Total |  | $ | 21,392,306 |  |  | $ | 47,084 |  |  | $ | 20,560 |  |  | $ | 110,086 |  |  | $ | 180,951 |  |  | $ | 21,750,987 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for claims held for amounts due a entity, excluding financing receivables. Examples include, but are not limited to, trade accounts receivables, notes receivables, loans receivables. Includes disclosure for allowance for credit losses. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 310 -SubTopic 10 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2196772 + Details
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