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Loans and Allowances for Credit Losses
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Loans and Leases Receivable, Net Amount [Abstract]  
Loans [Text Block]
The portfolio segments of the loan portfolio are as follows (in thousands):
 December 31, 2020
Fixed
Rate		Variable
Rate		Non-accrualTotal
Commercial$1,805,286 $11,105,090 $167,159 $13,077,535 
Commercial real estate
1,021,443 3,649,849 27,246 4,698,538 
Paycheck protection program1,682,310 — — 1,682,310 
Loans to individuals2,173,437 1,335,412 40,288 3,549,137 
Total$6,682,476 $16,090,351 $234,693 $23,007,520 
Foregone interest on nonaccrual loans
$22,870 
At December 31, 2020, loans to businesses and individuals with collateral primarily located in Texas totaled $7.2 billion or 31% of the total loan portfolio. Loans to businesses and individuals with collateral primarily located in Oklahoma totaled $3.8 billion or 17% of our total loan portfolio. Loans to businesses and individuals with collateral primarily located in Colorado totaled $2.8 billion or 12% of our total loan portfolio. Loans for which the collateral location is not relevant, such as unsecured loans and reserve-based energy loans, are distributed by the borrower’s primary operating location. These geographic concentrations subject the loan portfolio to the general economic conditions within these areas.

At December 31, 2019, loans to businesses and individuals with collateral primarily located in Texas totaled $6.8 billion or 31% of the loan portfolio, loans to businesses and individuals with collateral primarily located in Oklahoma totaled $3.5 billion or 16% of the loan portfolio and loans to businesses and individuals with collateral primarily located in Colorado totaled $2.8 billion or 13% of the loan portfolio.

Commercial

Commercial loans represent loans for working capital, facilities acquisition or expansion, purchases of equipment and other needs of commercial customers primarily located within our geographical footprint. Commercial loans are underwritten individually and represent on-going relationships based on a thorough knowledge of the customer, the customer’s industry and market. While commercial loans are generally secured by the customer’s assets including real property, inventory, accounts receivable, operating equipment, interest in mineral rights and other property and may also include personal guarantees of the owners and related parties, the primary source of repayment of the loans is the on-going cash flow from operations of the customer’s business. Inherent lending risk is centrally monitored on a continuous basis from underwriting throughout the life of the loan for compliance with commercial lending policies.

At December 31, 2020, commercial loans with collateral primarily located in Texas totaled $4.3 billion or 33% of the commercial loan portfolio segment. Commercial loans with collateral primarily located in Oklahoma totaled $1.8 billion or 14% of the commercial loan portfolio segment. Commercial loans with collateral primarily located in Colorado totaled $1.7 billion or 13% of the commercial loan portfolio segment. The commercial loan portfolio segment is further divided into loan classes. The services loan class totaled $3.5 billion or 15% of total loans. Approximately $1.8 billion of loans in the services class consisted of loans with individual balances of less than $10 million. Businesses included in the services class include Native American tribal and state and local municipal government entities, Native American tribal casino operations, educational services, foundations and not-for-profit organizations and specialty trade contractors. The energy loan class totaled $3.5 billion or 15% of total loans, including $2.6 billion of outstanding loans to energy producers. Approximately 67% of the committed production loans are secured by properties primarily producing oil and 33% of the committed production loans are secured by properties primarily producing natural gas. The healthcare loan class totaled $3.3 billion or 14% of total loans. The healthcare loan class consists primarily of loans for the development and operation of senior housing and care facilities, including independent living, assisted living and skilled nursing. Healthcare also includes loans to hospitals and other medical service providers.

At December 31, 2019, commercial loans with collateral primarily located in Texas totaled $4.7 billion or 33% of the commercial loan portfolio segment, commercial loans with collateral primarily located in Oklahoma totaled $2.0 billion or 14% of the commercial loan portfolio segment and commercial loans with collateral primarily located in Colorado totaled $2.0 billion or 14% of the commercial loan portfolio segment. The energy loan class totaled $4.0 billion or 18% of total loans, including $3.1 billion of outstanding loans to energy producers. At December 31, 2019, approximately 58% of committed production loans were secured by properties primarily producing oil and 42% were secured by properties producing natural gas. The services loan class totaled $3.8 billion or 18% of total loans. Approximately $1.5 billion of loans in the services category consisted of loans with individual balances of less than $10 million. The healthcare loan class totaled $3.0 billion or 14% of total loans.

Commercial Real Estate

Commercial real estate loans are for the construction of buildings or other improvements to real estate and property held by borrowers for investment purposes primarily within our geographical footprint. We require collateral values in excess of the loan amounts, demonstrated cash flows in excess of expected debt service requirements, equity investment in the project and a portion of the project already sold, leased or permanent financing already secured. The expected cash flows from all significant new or renewed income producing property commitments are stress tested to reflect the risks in varying interest rates, vacancy rates and rental rates. As with commercial loans, inherent lending risks are centrally monitored on a continuous basis from underwriting throughout the life of the loan for compliance with applicable lending policies.
At December 31, 2020, 27% of commercial real estate loans were secured by properties primarily located in the Dallas and Houston metropolitan areas of Texas and 10% of commercial real estate loans were secured by properties located primarily in the Tulsa and Oklahoma City metropolitan areas of Oklahoma. At December 31, 2019, 24% of commercial real estate loans are secured by properties primarily located in the Dallas and Houston metropolitan areas of Texas, 12% of commercial real estate loans were secured by properties located primarily in the Tulsa and Oklahoma City metropolitan areas of Oklahoma and 11% of commercial real estate loans are secured by properties located primarily in the Denver, Colorado metropolitan area.
Paycheck Protection Program
BOK Financial is actively participating in programs initiated by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act"), including the Small Business Administration's ("SBA") Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") that began on April 3, 2020. PPP provided fully forgivable loans when utilized for qualified expenditures, including to help small business maintain payrolls during the COVID-19 pandemic. These loans generally have a contractual term of two years, though most are expected to be forgiven prior to maturity after completion of a compliance period. Loans are guaranteed and amounts forgiven will be reimbursed to the Company by the SBA. The loans carry a rate of 1 percent. Interest plus loan fees, which vary depending on loan size, are accrued over the contractual life of the loan. Any unaccreted origination fees will be recognized when the loan is paid.
Loans to Individuals

Loans to individuals include residential mortgage and personal loans. Residential mortgage loans provide funds for our customers to purchase or refinance their primary residence or to borrow against the equity in their home. These loans are secured by a first or second mortgage on the customer's primary residence. These loans are made in accordance with underwriting policies we believe to be conservative and are fully documented. Loans may be individually underwritten or credit scored based on size and other criteria. Credit scoring is assessed based on significant credit characteristics including credit history, residential and employment stability.

In general, we sell the majority of our conforming fixed rate loan originations in the secondary market and retain the majority of our non-conforming and adjustable-rate mortgage loans. Our mortgage loan portfolio does not include payment option adjustable rate mortgage loans or adjustable rate mortgage loans with initial rates that are below market. Home equity loans are primarily first-lien and fully amortizing.

Residential mortgage, which includes home equity loans, and personal loans are made in accordance with underwriting policies we believe to be conservative and are fully documented. Loans may be individually underwritten or credit scored based on size and other criteria. Credit scoring is assessed based on significant credit characteristics including credit history, residential and employment stability.

Personal loans consist primarily of loans to Wealth Management clients secured by the cash surrender value of insurance policies and marketable securities. It also includes direct loans secured by and for the purchase of automobiles, recreational and marine equipment as well as unsecured loans.

Approximately 91% of the loans in this segment are secured by collateral located within our geographical footprint. Loans for which the collateral location is less relevant, such as unsecured loans are categorized by the borrower’s primary operating location.

Residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies have limited credit exposure because of the agency guarantee. This amount includes residential mortgage loans previously sold into GNMA mortgage pools that the Company may repurchase when certain defined delinquency criteria are met. Because of this repurchase right, the Company is deemed to have regained effective control over these loans and must include them on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Credit Commitments
 
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of conditions established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. At December 31, 2020, outstanding commitments totaled $11.0 billion. Because some commitments are expected to expire before being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. BOK Financial uses the same credit policies in making commitments as it does loans.

The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, is based upon management’s credit evaluation of the borrower.
Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Because the credit risk involved in issuing standby letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan commitments, BOK Financial uses the same credit policies in evaluating the creditworthiness of the customer. Additionally, BOK Financial uses the same evaluation process in obtaining collateral on standby letters of credit as it does for loan commitments. The term of these standby letters of credit is defined in each commitment and typically corresponds with the underlying loan commitment. At December 31, 2020, outstanding standby letters of credit totaled $681 million. 

Allowances for Credit Losses and Accrual for Off-balance Sheet Credit Risk from Unfunded Loans Commitments

BOK Financial maintains an allowance for loan losses and accrual for off-balance sheet credit risk from unfunded commitments. The allowance consists of specific allowances attributed to certain individual loans, generally nonaccruing loans, with dissimilar risk characteristics that have not yet been charged down to amounts we expect to recover and general allowances for estimated credit losses on pools of loans that share similar risk characteristics based on probability of default, loss given default and exposure at default for each loan class developed based on current and forecasted relevant economic loss drivers.

The accrual for off-balance sheet credit risk is maintained at a level that is appropriate to cover estimated losses associated with credit instruments that are not currently recognized as assets such as loan commitments, standby letters of credit or guarantees that are not unconditionally cancellable by the bank.

The activity in the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for off-balance sheet credit losses related to loan commitments and standby letters of credit is for the year ended December 31, 2020 summarized as follows (in thousands):
 CommercialCommercial Real EstatePaycheck
Protection
Program		Loans to
Individuals		Nonspecific AllowanceTotal
Allowance for loan losses:      
Beginning balance$118,187 $51,805 $— $23,572 $17,195 $210,759 
Transition adjustment33,681 (4,620)— 13,943 (17,195)25,809 
Beginning balance, adjusted151,868 47,185 — 37,515 — 236,568 
Provision for loan losses171,800 40,407 — 10,253 — 222,460 
Loans charged off(73,370)(1,300)— (4,729)— (79,399)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off4,636 266 — 4,109 — 9,011 
Ending balance$254,934 $86,558 $— $47,148 $— $388,640 
Allowance for off-balance sheet credit risk from unfunded loan commitments:
      
Beginning balance$1,434 $107 $— $44 $— $1,585 
Transition adjustment10,144 11,660 — 1,748 — 23,552 
Beginning balance, adjusted11,578 11,767 — 1,792 — 25,137 
Provision for off-balance sheet credit risk
2,844 8,804 — 136 — 11,784 
Ending balance$14,422 $20,571 $— $1,928 $— $36,921 

Changes in our reasonable and supportable forecasts of macroeconomic variables, primarily due to the anticipated impact of the on-going COVID-19 pandemic, and other assumptions, resulted in a $99.1 million increase in the allowance for lending activities during the year ended December 31, 2020. Changes in the loan portfolio characteristics, including specific impairment and losses, loan balances and risk grading resulted in a $135.2 million increase in the allowance for lending activities.
The allowance for loan losses and recorded investment of the related loans by portfolio segment for each impairment measurement method at December 31, 2020 is as follows (in thousands):
 Collectively Measured
for General Allowances		Individually Measured
for Specific Allowances		Total
 Recorded InvestmentRelated AllowanceRecorded InvestmentRelated AllowanceRecorded InvestmentRelated
Allowance
Commercial$12,910,376 $235,882 $167,159 $19,052 $13,077,535 $254,934 
Commercial real estate4,671,292 83,169 27,246 3,389 4,698,538 86,558 
Paycheck protection program1,682,310 — — — 1,682,310 — 
Loans to individuals3,508,849 47,148 40,288 — 3,549,137 47,148 
Total$22,772,827 $366,199 $234,693 $22,441 $23,007,520 $388,640 

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company utilizes risk grading as primary credit quality indicators as it influences the probability of default which is a key attribute in the expected credit losses calculation. Substantially all commercial as well as commercial real estate loans and certain loans to individuals are risk graded based on a quarterly evaluation of the borrowers’ ability to repay the loans. Certain commercial loans and most loans to individuals are small, homogeneous pools that are not risk-graded. The credit quality of these loans is based on past due days in accordance with regulatory guidelines.

We have included in the credit quality indicator “pass” loans that are in compliance with the original terms of the agreement and currently exhibit no factors that cause management to have doubts about the borrowers’ ability to remain in compliance with the original terms of the agreement, which is consistent with the regulatory guideline of “pass.” This also includes past due residential mortgages that are guaranteed by agencies of the U.S. government that continue to accrue interest based on criteria of the guarantors’ programs.

Other loans especially mentioned ("Special Mention") are currently performing in compliance with the original terms of the agreement but may have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention, consistent with regulatory guidelines. Non-graded loans 30 to 59 days past due are categorized as Special Mention.

The risk grading process identified certain loans that have a well-defined weakness (for example, inadequate debt service coverage or liquidity or marginal capitalization; repayment may depend on collateral or other risk mitigation) that may jeopardize liquidation of the debt and represent a greater risk due to deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower. This is consistent with the regulatory guideline for “substandard.” Because the borrowers are still performing in accordance with the original terms of the loan agreements, these loans remain on accruing status. Non-graded loans 60 to 89 days past due are categorized as Accruing Substandard.

Nonaccruing loans represent loans for which full collection of principal and interest is uncertain. This includes certain loans considered “substandard” and all loans considered “doubtful” by regulatory guidelines. Non-graded loans 90 or more days past due are categorized as Nonaccrual.

Probability of default is lowest for pass graded loans and increases for each credit quality indicator, Special Mention, and Accruing Substandard.

Vintage represents the year of origination, except for revolving loans which are considered in aggregate. Loans that were once revolving but have converted to term loans without additional underwriting appear in a separate vintage column.
The following table summarizes the Company's loan portfolio at December 31, 2020 by the risk grade categories and vintage (in thousands):

Origination Year
20202019201820172016PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to Term LoansTotal
Commercial:
Energy
Pass$112,614 $51,863 $89,346 $7,178 $1,148 $7,956 $2,548,663 $— $2,818,768 
Special Mention— — — — — — 202,590 — 202,590 
Accruing Substandard
24,000 1,363 1,453 — 12,667 — 283,294 — 322,777 
Nonaccrual21,076 2,607 — — — 21,064 80,312 — 125,059 
Total energy
157,690 55,833 90,799 7,178 13,815 29,020 3,114,859 — 3,469,194 
Healthcare
Pass536,745 615,221 638,302 422,834 234,399 658,286 147,132 — 3,252,919 
Special Mention— 27,500 — — — 8,282 5 — 35,787 
Accruing Substandard
— — 1,191 929 132 11,387 — — 13,639 
Nonaccrual— 18 183 — — 2,935 509 — 3,645 
Total healthcare536,745 642,739 639,676 423,763 234,531 680,890 147,646 — 3,305,990 
Services
Pass534,853 436,384 372,867 307,374 373,785 683,936 665,491 682 3,375,372 
Special Mention150 9,057 389 291 2,038 2,000 3,063 — 16,988 
Accruing Substandard
429 6,380 26,008 6,027 5,030 7,954 38,797 — 90,625 
Nonaccrual4,833 448 — 12,590 1,049 6,138 540 — 25,598 
Total services540,265 452,269 399,264 326,282 381,902 700,028 707,891 682 3,508,583 
General business
Pass419,756 394,985 310,273 236,222 103,987 186,600 1,055,878 2,316 2,710,017 
Special Mention197 4,519 9,713 7,803 2,511 3,159 2,483 19 30,404 
Accruing Substandard
1,432 3,069 6,694 10,935 10,042 3,729 4,449 140 40,490 
Nonaccrual1,675 3,728 4,863 1,436 530 107 477 41 12,857 
Total general business
423,060 406,301 331,543 256,396 117,070 193,595 1,063,287 2,516 2,793,768 
Total commercial
1,657,760 1,557,142 1,461,282 1,013,619 747,318 1,603,533 5,033,683 3,198 13,077,535 
Commercial real estate:
Pass725,577 1,211,338 954,226 489,193 314,899 722,475 223,131 38 4,640,877 
Special Mention— — 259 12,311 2,725 5,831 — — 21,126 
Accruing Substandard
— — — 4,410 — 4,852 27 — 9,289 
Nonaccrual— 8,300 — 232 7,468 11,246 — — 27,246 
Total commercial real estate
725,577 1,219,638 954,485 506,146 325,092 744,404 223,158 38 4,698,538 
Origination Year
20202019201820172016PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to Term LoansTotal
Paycheck protection program:
Pass1,682,310 — — — — — — — 1,682,310 
Total paycheck protection program1,682,310 — — — — — — — 1,682,310 
Loans to individuals:
Residential mortgage
Pass564,325 149,832 120,875 124,930 158,801 348,292 335,259 24,553 1,826,867 
Special Mention33 11 2,094 — 59 318 950 10 3,475 
Accruing Substandard
— — 51 — — 34 272 76 433 
Nonaccrual648 104 1,658 784 2,010 22,415 3,835 774 32,228 
Total residential mortgage
565,006 149,947 124,678 125,714 160,870 371,059 340,316 25,413 1,863,003 
Residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
Pass4,859 33,880 34,464 43,099 58,264 226,380 — — 400,946 
Special Mention— — — — — — — — — 
Accruing Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Nonaccrual— — 545 — 309 6,887 — — 7,741 
Total residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
4,859 33,880 35,009 43,099 58,573 233,267 — — 408,687 
Personal:
Pass219,873 200,580 76,246 100,229 64,104 102,126 510,571 1,510 1,275,239 
Special Mention39 55 66 — 469 31 965 — 1,625 
Accruing Substandard
11 214 10 — — — 29 — 264 
Nonaccrual28 17 57 73 50 49 45 — 319 
Total personal
219,951 200,866 76,379 100,302 64,623 102,206 511,610 1,510 1,277,447 
Total loans to individuals
789,816 384,693 236,066 269,115 284,066 706,532 851,926 26,923 3,549,137 
Total loans
$4,855,463 $3,161,473 $2,651,833 $1,788,880 $1,356,476 $3,054,469 $6,108,767 $30,159 $23,007,520 
Nonaccruing Loans

A summary of nonaccruing loans as of December 31, 2020 follows (in thousands): 
 TotalWith No
Allowance		With AllowanceRelated Allowance
Commercial:    
Energy$125,059 $76,633 $48,426 $16,478 
Healthcare3,645 3,645 — — 
Services25,598 20,810 4,788 2,574 
General business12,857 12,857 — — 
Total commercial167,159 113,945 53,214 19,052 
Commercial real estate27,246 13,645 13,601 3,389 
Loans to individuals:    
Residential mortgage32,228 32,228 — — 
Residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
7,741 7,741 — — 
Personal319 319 — — 
Total loans to individuals40,288 40,288 — — 
Total$234,693 $167,878 $66,815 $22,441 
Troubled Debt Restructurings

At December 31, 2020 the Company has $187 million in troubled debt restructurings (TDRs), of which $152 million are accruing residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies. Approximately $95 million of TDRs are performing in accordance with the modified terms. The loans designated as TDRs had $20.9 million in charge offs during the year ended December 31, 2020.

At December 31, 2019, TDRs totaled $132 million, of which $92 million were accruing residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies. Approximately $57 million of TDRs were performing. The loans designated as TDRs had $18.6 million in charge offs during the year ended December 31, 2019.

TDRs generally consist of interest rate concessions, payment stream concessions or a combination of concessions to distressed borrowers. During the year ended December 31, 2020, $83 million of loans were restructured. During the year ended December 31, 2019, $37 million of loans were restructured.

Past Due Loans

Past due status for all loan classes is based on the actual number of days since the last payment was due according to the contractual terms of the loans, as modified for short-term payment deferral forbearance.

A summary of loans currently performing and past due as of December 31, 2020 is as follows (in thousands):
  Past Due 
 Current30 to 59
Days		60 to 89
Days		90 Days
or More		TotalPast Due 90 Days or More and Accruing
Commercial:    
Energy$3,410,995 $12,735 4,050 $41,414 $3,469,194 $— 
Healthcare3,302,345 — — 3,645 3,305,990 — 
Services3,489,423 3,278 177 15,705 3,508,583 326 
General business2,776,038 1,206 6,277 10,247 2,793,768 4,495 
Total commercial12,978,801 17,219 10,504 71,011 13,077,535 4,821 
Commercial real estate4,672,279 276 5,310 20,673 4,698,538 5,126 
Paycheck protection program1,682,310 — — — 1,682,310 — 
Loans to individuals    
Permanent mortgage1,849,304 5,812 837 7,050 1,863,003 181 
Permanent mortgages guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
262,102 41,389 22,041 83,155 408,687 78,349 
Personal1,273,702 3,317 90 338 1,277,447 241 
Total loans to individuals3,385,108 50,518 22,968 90,543 3,549,137 78,771 
Total$22,718,498 $68,013 $38,782 $182,227 $23,007,520 $88,718 
Following is disclosure of loans and the combined allowance for loan losses and accrual for off-balance sheet credit losses under the previous incurred loss model.

Portfolio segments of the loan portfolio are as follows (in thousands):

 December 31, 2019
Fixed
Rate		Variable
Rate		Non-accrualTotal
Commercial$3,231,485 $10,684,749 $115,416 $14,031,650 
Commercial real estate
1,056,321 3,349,836 27,626 4,433,783 
Residential mortgage1,652,653 393,897 37,622 2,084,172 
Personal193,903 1,007,192 287 1,201,382 
Total$6,134,362 $15,435,674 $180,951 $21,750,987 
Accruing loans past due (90 days)1
   $7,680 
Foregone interest on nonaccrual loans$17,409 
1.Excludes residential mortgage loans guaranteed by agencies of the U.S. government

The activity in the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for off-balance sheet credit losses related to loan commitments and standby letters of credit is for the year ended December 31, 2019 summarized as follows (in thousands):

 CommercialCommercial Real EstateResidential MortgagePersonalNonspecific AllowanceTotal
Allowance for loan losses:      
Beginning balance$102,226 $60,026 $17,964 $9,473 $17,768 $207,457 
Provision for loan losses57,125 (12,046)(3,838)3,537 (573)44,205 
Loans charged off(43,185)(1,161)(288)(6,343)— (50,977)
Recoveries2,021 4,986 562 2,505 — 10,074 
Ending balance$118,187 $51,805 $14,400 $9,172 $17,195 $210,759 
Allowance for off-balance sheet credit losses:      
Beginning balance1,655 52 52 31 — 1,790 
Provision for off-balance sheet credit losses(221)55 (8)(31)— (205)
Ending balance$1,434 $107 $44 $— $— $1,585 
Total provision for credit losses$56,904 $(11,991)$(3,846)$3,506 $(573)$44,000 
The activity in the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for off-balance sheet credit losses related to loan commitments and standby letters of credit is for the year ended December 31, 2018 summarized as follows (in thousands):

 CommercialCommercial Real EstateResidential MortgagePersonalNonspecific AllowanceTotal
Allowance for loan losses:      
Beginning balance$124,269 $56,621 $18,451 $9,124 $22,217 $230,682 
Provision for loan losses12,521 (147)(1,156)3,175 (4,449)9,944 
Loans charged off(37,880)— (378)(5,325)— (43,583)
Recoveries3,316 3,552 1,047 2,499 — 10,414 
Ending balance$102,226 $60,026 $17,964 $9,473 $17,768 $207,457 
Allowance for off-balance sheet credit losses:      
Beginning balance3,644 45 43 2 — 3,734 
Provision for off-balance sheet credit losses(1,989)7 9 29 — (1,944)
Ending balance$1,655 $52 $52 $31 $— $1,790 
Total provision for credit losses$10,532 $(140)$(1,147)$3,204 $(4,449)$8,000 

The allowance for loan losses and recorded investment of the related loans by portfolio segment for each impairment measurement method at December 31, 2019 is as follows (in thousands):

 Collectively Measured
for Impairment		Individually Measured
for Impairment		Total
 Recorded InvestmentRelated AllowanceRecorded InvestmentRelated AllowanceRecorded InvestmentRelated
Allowance
Commercial$13,916,234 $100,773 $115,416 $17,414 $14,031,650 $118,187 
Commercial real estate4,406,157 51,805 27,626 — 4,433,783 51,805 
Residential mortgage2,046,550 14,400 37,622 — 2,084,172 14,400 
Personal1,201,095 9,172 287 — 1,201,382 9,172 
Total21,570,036 176,150 180,951 17,414 21,750,987 193,564 
Nonspecific allowance— — — — — 17,195 
Total$21,570,036 $176,150 $180,951 $17,414 $21,750,987 $210,759 

The allowance for loan losses and recorded investment of the related loans by portfolio segment for risk graded and non-risk graded loans at December 31, 2019 is as follows (in thousands):

 Internally Risk GradedNon-GradedTotal
 Recorded InvestmentRelated AllowanceRecorded InvestmentRelated AllowanceRecorded InvestmentRelated
Allowance
Commercial$13,997,538 $117,236 $34,112 $951 $14,031,650 $118,187 
Commercial real estate4,433,783 51,805 — — 4,433,783 51,805 
Residential mortgage279,113 3,085 1,805,059 11,315 2,084,172 14,400 
Personal1,116,297 7,003 85,085 2,169 1,201,382 9,172 
Total19,826,731 179,129 1,924,256 14,435 21,750,987 193,564 
Nonspecific allowance— — — — — 17,195 
Total$19,826,731 $179,129 $1,924,256 $14,435 $21,750,987 $210,759 
The following table summarizes the Company's loan portfolio at December 31, 2019 by the risk grade categories (in thousands):

 Internally Risk GradedNon-Graded 
Performing
 PassOther Loans Especially MentionedAccruing SubstandardNonaccrualPerformingNonaccrualTotal
Commercial:      
Energy$3,700,406 $117,298 $63,951 $91,722 $— $— $3,973,377 
Services3,050,946 29,943 33,791 7,483 — — 3,122,163 
Wholesale/retail1,749,023 5,281 5,399 1,163 — — 1,760,866 
Manufacturing623,219 18,214 13,883 10,133 — — 665,449 
Healthcare2,995,514 13,117 20,805 4,480 — — 3,033,916 
Public finance
709,868 — — — — — 709,868 
Other commercial and industrial
709,729 4,028 17,744 398 34,075 37 766,011 
Total commercial13,538,705 187,881 155,573 115,379 34,075 37 14,031,650 
Commercial real estate:      
Residential construction and land development
150,529 — — 350 — — 150,879 
Retail743,343 12,067 1,243 18,868 — — 775,521 
Office923,202 5,177 — — — — 928,379 
Multifamily1,257,005 1,604 95 6,858 — — 1,265,562 
Industrial852,539 1,658 1,011 909 — — 856,117 
Other commercial real estate
455,045 1,639 — 641 — — 457,325 
Total commercial real estate
4,381,663 22,145 2,349 27,626 — — 4,433,783 
Residential mortgage:      
Permanent mortgage276,138 78 2,404 493 758,260 19,948 1,057,321 
Permanent mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
— — — — 191,694 6,100 197,794 
Home equity— — — — 817,976 11,081 829,057 
Total residential mortgage
276,138 78 2,404 493 1,767,930 37,129 2,084,172 
Personal1,116,196 45 — 56 84,853 232 1,201,382 
Total$19,312,702 $210,149 $160,326 $143,554 $1,886,858 $37,398 $21,750,987 
Impaired Loans

Loans are considered to be impaired when it is probable that the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. This generally includes all nonaccruing loans, all loans modified in a TDR and all loans repurchased from GNMA pools.

Generally, no interest income is recognized on impaired loans until all principal balances, including amounts charged-off, are recovered.

A summary of impaired loans at December 31, 2019 follows (in thousand):

As of December 31, 2019Year Ended
  Recorded InvestmentDecember 31, 2019
 Unpaid
Principal
Balance		TotalWith No
Allowance		With AllowanceRelated AllowanceAverage Recorded InvestmentInterest Income Recognized
Commercial:     
Energy$149,441 $91,722 $44,244 $47,478 $16,854 $69,119 $— 
Services10,923 7,483 6,301 1,182 240 5,854 — 
Wholesale/retail1,980 1,163 902 261 101 916 — 
Manufacturing10,848 10,133 9,914 219 219 9,144 — 
Healthcare13,774 4,480 4,480 — — 7,798 — 
Public finance— — — — — — — 
Other commercial and industrial8,227 435 435 — — 8,568 — 
Total commercial195,193 115,416 66,276 49,140 17,414 101,399 — 
Commercial real estate:     
Residential construction and land development1,306 350 350 — — 350 — 
Retail20,265 18,868 18,868 — — 19,573 — 
Office— — — — — — — 
Multifamily6,858 6,858 6,858 — — 3,580 — 
Industrial909 909 909 — — 454 — 
Other commercial real estate801 641 641 — — 666 — 
Total commercial real estate30,139 27,626 27,626 — — 24,623 — 
Residential mortgage:     
Permanent mortgage24,868 20,441 20,441 — — 22,196 1,198 
Permanent mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies1
204,187 197,794 197,794 — — 195,009 7,733 
Home equity12,967 11,081 11,081 — — 10,776 — 
Total residential mortgage242,022 229,316 229,316 — — 227,981 8,931 
Personal360 287 287 — — 259 — 
Total$467,714 $372,645 $323,505 $49,140 $17,414 $354,262 $8,931 
1    All permanent mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies are considered impaired as we do not expect full collection of contractual principal and interest. At December 31, 2019, the majority were accruing based on the guarantee by U.S. government agencies.
A summary of loans currently performing, loans past due and accruing and nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2019 is as follows (in thousands):
  Past Due  
 Current30 to 59
Days		60 to 89
Days		90 Days
or More		NonaccrualTotal
Commercial:     
Energy$3,881,244 $401 10 $— $91,722 $3,973,377 
Services3,105,621 1,737 523 6,799 7,483 3,122,163 
Wholesale/retail1,758,878 712 113 — 1,163 1,760,866 
Manufacturing654,329 410 190 387 10,133 665,449 
Healthcare3,027,329 2,039 — 68 4,480 3,033,916 
Public finance707,638 2,230 — — — 709,868 
Other commercial and industrial764,390 414 772 — 435 766,011 
Total commercial13,899,429 7,943 1,608 7,254 115,416 14,031,650 
Commercial real estate:     
Residential construction and land development
147,379 3,093 — 57 350 150,879 
Retail756,653 — — — 18,868 775,521 
Office928,379 — — — — 928,379 
Multifamily1,258,704 — — — 6,858 1,265,562 
Industrial855,208 — — — 909 856,117 
Other commercial real estate454,253 1,827 250 354 641 457,325 
Total commercial real estate4,400,576 4,920 250 411 27,626 4,433,783 
Residential mortgage:     
Permanent mortgage1,034,716 2,011 153 — 20,441 1,057,321 
Permanent mortgages guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
46,898 24,203 18,187 102,406 6,100 197,794 
Home equity814,325 3,343 308 — 11,081 829,057 
Total residential mortgage1,895,939 29,557 18,648 102,406 37,622 2,084,172 
Personal1,196,362 4,664 54 15 287 1,201,382 
Total$21,392,306 $47,084 20,560 $110,086 $180,951 $21,750,987