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Loans and Allowances for Credit Losses
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Loans and Leases Receivable, Net Amount [Abstract]  
Loans [Text Block] Loans and Allowances for Credit Losses
Loans

Loans are either secured or unsecured based on the type of loan and the financial condition of the borrower. Repayment is generally expected from cash flow or proceeds from the sale of selected assets of the borrower. BOK Financial is exposed to risk of loss on loans due to the borrower's difficulties, which may arise from any number of factors, including problems within the respective industry or local economic conditions. Access to collateral, in the event of borrower default, is reasonably assured through adherence to applicable lending laws and through sound lending standards and credit review procedures. Accounting policies for all loans, excluding residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, are as follows.

Interest is accrued at the applicable interest rate on the principal amount outstanding. Loans are placed on nonaccruing status when, in the opinion of management, full collection of principal or interest is uncertain. Internally risk graded loans are individually evaluated for nonaccruing status quarterly. Non-risk graded loans are generally placed on nonaccruing status when more than 90 days past due or within 60 days of being notified of the borrower's bankruptcy filing. Interest previously accrued but not collected is charged against interest income when the loan is placed on nonaccruing status. Accrued but not paid interest receivable is included in Receivables in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Payments on nonaccruing loans are applied to principal or recognized as interest income, according to management's judgment as to the collectability of principal. Loans may be returned to accruing status when, in the opinion of management, full collection of principal and interest, including principal previously charged off, is probable based on improvements in the borrower's financial condition or a sustained period of performance.

For loans acquired with no evidence of credit deterioration, discounts are accreted on either an individual basis for loans with unique characteristics or on a pool basis for groups of homogeneous loans. Accretion is discontinued when a loan with an individually attributed discount is placed on nonaccruing status.

Modifications of loans to existing borrowers generally consist of interest rate reductions, extension of payment terms, or a combination of these. Modifications may arise either voluntarily through negotiations with the borrower or involuntarily through court order. Payment deferrals up to six months are generally considered to be short-term modifications. Generally, principal and accrued but unpaid interest are not voluntarily forgiven. A change to the allowance for credit losses is generally not recorded upon modification because the effect of most modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is already included in the allowance methodology.
Performing loans may be renewed under the current collateral value, debt service ratio, and other underwriting standards. Nonaccruing loans may be renewed and will remain classified as nonaccruing. 

Occasionally, loans, other than residential mortgage loans, may be held for sale in order to manage credit concentration. These loans are carried at the lower of cost or fair value with gains or losses recognized in Other gains (losses), net in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

All loans are charged off when the loan balance or a portion of the loan balance is no longer supported by the paying capacity of the borrower or when the required cash flow is reduced in a modification. The charge-off amount is determined through a quarterly evaluation of available cash resources and collateral values. Internally risk graded loans are evaluated quarterly, and charge-offs are taken in the quarter in which the loss is identified. Non-risk graded loans that are past due between 60 days and 180 days, based on the loan product type, are charged off. Loans to borrowers whose personal obligation has been discharged through Chapter 7 bankruptcy proceedings are charged off within 60 days of notice of the bankruptcy filing, regardless of payment status.

Loan origination and commitment fees and direct loan acquisition and origination costs are deferred and amortized as an adjustment to yield over the life of the loan or over the commitment period, as applicable. Amortization does not anticipate loan prepayments. Net unamortized fees are recognized in full at time of payoff.

Qualifying residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies have been sold into GNMA pools. Under certain performance conditions specified in government programs, the Company may have the right, but not the obligation to repurchase loans from GNMA pools. These loans no longer qualify for sale accounting and are recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We do not expect to receive all principal and interest based on the loan's contractual terms. A portion of the principal balance continues to be guaranteed; however, interest accrues at a curtailed rate as specified in the programs. The carrying value of these loans is reduced based on an estimate of the expected cash flows discounted at the original note rate plus a liquidity spread. Guaranteed loans may be modified in accordance with U.S. government agency guidelines. Interest continues to accrue based on the modified rate. Guaranteed loans may either be resold into GNMA pools after a performance period specified by the programs or foreclosed and conveyed to the guarantors.

Loans are disaggregated into portfolio segments and further disaggregated into classes. The portfolio segment is the level at which the Company develops and documents a systematic method for determining its allowance for credit losses. Classes are a further disaggregation of portfolio segments based on the risk characteristics of the loans and the Company's method for monitoring and assessing credit risk. 

Portfolio segments of the loan portfolio are as follows (in thousands):
 March 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Fixed
Rate
Variable
Rate
Non-accrualTotalFixed
Rate
Variable
Rate
Non-accrualTotal
Commercial$3,410,759 $10,949,605 $43,067 $14,403,431 $3,450,238 $11,565,251 $14,647 $15,030,136 
Commercial real estate
668,160 4,482,251 13,125 5,163,536 668,532 4,380,015 9,905 5,058,452 
Loans to individuals2,662,488 1,433,705 27,328 4,123,521 2,620,936 1,383,027 22,173 4,026,136 
Total$6,741,407 $16,865,561 $83,520 $23,690,488 $6,739,706 $17,328,293 $46,725 $24,114,724 

Credit Commitments
 
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of conditions established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. At March 31, 2025, outstanding commitments totaled $14.5 billion. Because some commitments are expected to expire before being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. BOK Financial uses the same credit policies in making commitments as it does loans.

The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, is based upon management's credit evaluation of the borrower.
Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Because the credit risk involved in issuing standby letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan commitments, BOK Financial uses the same credit policies in evaluating the creditworthiness of the customer. Additionally, BOK Financial uses the same evaluation process in obtaining collateral on standby letters of credit as it does for loan commitments. The term of these standby letters of credit is defined in each commitment and typically corresponds with the underlying loan commitment. At March 31, 2025, outstanding standby letters of credit totaled $698 million. 

Allowances for Credit Losses and Accrual for Off-balance Sheet Credit Risk from Unfunded Loans Commitments

The allowance for loan losses and accrual for off-balance sheet credit risk from unfunded loan commitments represent the portion of the amortized cost basis of loans that we do not expect to collect over the asset's contractual life, considering past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. The appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses, including industry and product adjustments, is assessed quarterly by a senior management Allowance Committee. This review is based on an ongoing evaluation of the estimated expected credit losses in the portfolio and on unused commitments to provide financing. A well-documented methodology has been developed and is applied by an independent Credit Administration department to assure consistency across the Company.

The allowance for loan losses consists of specific allowances attributed to certain individual loans, generally nonaccruing loans, with dissimilar risk characteristics that have not yet been charged down to amounts we expect to recover and general allowances for estimated credit losses on pools of loans that share similar risk characteristics.

When full collection of principal or interest is uncertain, the loan's risk characteristics have changed and we exclude the loan from the general allowance pool, typically designating it as nonaccruing. For these loans, a specific allowance reflects the expected credit loss.

We measure specific allowances for loans excluded from the general allowance pool by an evaluation of estimated future cash flows discounted at the loan's initial effective interest rate or the fair value of collateral for certain collateral dependent loans. For a non-collateral dependent loan, the specific allowance is the amount by which the loan's amortized cost basis exceeds its net realizable value. We measure the specific allowance for collateral dependent loans as the amount by which the loan's amortized cost basis exceeds its fair value. When repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale of collateral, we deduct estimated selling costs from the collateral's fair value. Generally, for real property held as collateral for loans, third-party appraisals that conform to Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice serve as the basis for the fair value of real property held as collateral. These appraised values are on an "as-is" basis and generally are not adjusted by the Company. We obtain updated appraisals at least annually or more frequently if market conditions indicate collateral values may have declined. For energy loans, our internal staff of engineers generally determines collateral value of mineral rights based on projected cash flows from proven oil and gas reserves under existing economic and operating conditions. For real property held as collateral for other loans, third-party appraisals that conform to Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice generally serve as the basis for the fair value. These appraised values are on an "as-is" basis and generally are not adjusted by the Company. We obtain updated appraisals at least annually or more frequently if market conditions indicate collateral values may have declined. Our special assets staff generally determines the value of other collateral based on projected liquidation cash flows under current market conditions. We evaluate collateral values and available cash resources quarterly. Historical statistics may be used to estimate specific allowances in limited situations, such as when a collateral dependent loan is removed from the general allowance pool near the end of a reporting period until an appraisal of collateral value is received or a full assessment of future cash flows is completed.

General allowances estimate expected credit losses on pools of loans sharing similar risk characteristics that are expected to occur over the loan's estimated remaining life. The loan's estimated remaining life represents the contractual term adjusted for amortization, estimates of prepayments, and borrower-owned extension options. Approximately 90% of the committed dollars in the loan portfolio is risk graded loans with general allowance model inputs that include probability of default, loss given default, and exposure at default. Probability of default is based on the migration of loans from performing to nonperforming using historical life of loan analysis periods. Loss given default is based on the aggregate losses incurred, net of estimated recoveries. Exposure at default represents an estimate of the outstanding amount of credit exposure at the time a default may occur.

Charge-off migration is used to calculate the general allowance for the majority of non-risk graded loans to individuals. The expected credit loss on less than 10% of the committed dollars in the portfolio is calculated using charge-off migration.
The expected credit loss on approximately 1% of the committed dollars in the portfolio is calculated using a non-modeled approach. Specifically, the calculation applies a long-term net charge-off rate to the loan balances, adjusted for the weighted average remaining maturity of each portfolio.
    
In estimating the expected credit losses for general allowances on performing risk-graded loans, each portfolio class is assigned relevant economic loss drivers which best explain variations in portfolio net loss rates. The probability of default estimates for each portfolio class are adjusted for current and forecasted economic conditions. The result is applied to the exposure at default and loss given default to calculate the lifetime expected credit loss estimate. Selection of relevant economic loss drivers is re-evaluated periodically and involves statistical analysis as well as management judgment. The unemployment rate factors significantly in the allowance for loan losses calculation affecting commercial and loans to individuals segments. Other primary factors impacting the commercial portfolio include BBB corporate spreads, real gross domestic product growth rate, and energy commodity prices. The primary commercial real estate variables are vacancy rate and BBB corporate spreads. In addition to the unemployment rate, the forecast for loans to individuals is tied to a home price index. The forecasts may include regional economic factors when localized conditions diverge from national conditions.

An Economic Forecast Committee, consisting of senior management with members largely independent of the allowance process, develops a twelve-month forward-looking forecast for the relevant economic loss drivers. Management develops these forecasts based on external data as well as a view of future economic conditions which may include adjustments for regional conditions. The forecast includes three economic scenarios and probability weights for each scenario. The base forecast represents management's view of the most likely outcome, while the downside forecast reflects reasonably possible worsening economic conditions, and the upside forecast projects reasonably possible improving conditions.

At the end of the one-year reasonable and supportable forecast period, we transition from shorter-term expected losses to long-term loss averages for the loan's estimated remaining life. The difference between short-term loss forecasts and long-term loss averages is run-off over the reversion horizon, up to three years, depending on the forecasted economic scenarios.

General allowances also consider the estimated impact of factors that are not captured in the modeled results or historical experience. These factors may increase or decrease modeled results by amounts determined by the Allowance Committee. Factors not captured in modeled results or historical experience may include for example, new lines of business, market conditions that have not been previously encountered, observed changes in credit risk that are not yet reflected in macro-economic factors, or economic conditions that impact loss given default assumptions.

The accrual for off-balance sheet credit risk is maintained at a level that is appropriate to cover estimated losses associated with credit instruments that are not currently recognized as assets such as loan commitments, standby letters of credit, or guarantees that are not unconditionally cancelable by the bank. This accrual is included in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The appropriateness of the accrual is determined in the same manner as the allowance for loan losses, with the added consideration of commitment usage over the remaining life for those loans that the bank can not unconditionally cancel.

A provision for credit losses is charged against or credited to earnings in amounts necessary to maintain an appropriate Allowance for Credit Losses. Recoveries of loans previously charged off are added to the allowance when received.
The activity in the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for off-balance sheet credit losses related to loan commitments and standby letters of credit is summarized as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2025
 CommercialCommercial Real EstateLoans to IndividualsTotal
Allowance for loan losses:    
Beginning balance$145,153 $91,072 $43,810 $280,035 
Provision for loan losses(855)2,467 (1,948)(336)
Loans charged off(1,085) (1,206)(2,291)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off
292 185 709 1,186 
Ending balance$143,505 $93,724 $41,365 $278,594 
Allowance for off-balance sheet credit risk from unfunded loan commitments:
Beginning balance$18,046 $31,959 $1,635 $51,640 
Provision for off-balance sheet credit risk
(1,879)1,502 825 448 
Ending balance$16,167 $33,461 $2,460 $52,088 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2024
 CommercialCommercial Real EstateLoans to IndividualsTotal
Allowance for loan losses:    
Beginning balance$141,232 $94,718 $41,173 $277,123 
Provision for loan losses8,311 3,995 (2,346)9,960 
Loans charged off(4,240)(1,250)(1,570)(7,060)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off
964 16 620 1,600 
Ending balance$146,267 $97,479 $37,877 $281,623 
Allowance for off-balance sheet credit risk from unfunded loan commitments:
Beginning balance$19,762 $27,439 $1,776 $48,977 
Provision for off-balance sheet credit risk
(1,972)426 (112)(1,658)
Ending balance$17,790 $27,865 $1,664 $47,319 
No provision for credit losses was necessary for the first quarter of 2025. A worse economic outlook compared to the prior quarter was offset by decreased loan balances and further improvements in portfolio credit quality during the quarter.

The allowance for loan losses and recorded investment of the related loans by portfolio segment for each measurement method at March 31, 2025, is as follows (in thousands):
 Collectively Measured
for General Allowances
Individually Measured
for Specific Allowances
Total
 Recorded InvestmentRelated AllowanceRecorded InvestmentRelated AllowanceRecorded InvestmentRelated
Allowance
Commercial$14,360,364 $143,505 $43,067 $ $14,403,431 $143,505 
Commercial real estate5,150,411 93,724 13,125  5,163,536 93,724 
Loans to individuals4,096,193 41,365 27,328  4,123,521 41,365 
Total$23,606,968 $278,594 $83,520 $ $23,690,488 $278,594 
The allowance for loan losses and recorded investment of the related loans by portfolio segment for each measurement method at December 31, 2024, is as follows (in thousands):

 Collectively Measured
for General Allowances
Individually Measured
for Specific Allowances
Total
 Recorded InvestmentRelated AllowanceRecorded InvestmentRelated AllowanceRecorded InvestmentRelated
Allowance
Commercial$15,015,489 $144,877 $14,647 $276 $15,030,136 $145,153 
Commercial real estate5,048,547 91,072 9,905 — 5,058,452 91,072 
Loans to individuals4,003,963 43,810 22,173 — 4,026,136 43,810 
Total$24,067,999 $279,759 $46,725 $276 $24,114,724 $280,035 

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company utilizes risk grading as primary credit quality indicators as it influences the probability of default which is a key attribute in the expected credit losses calculation. Substantially all commercial as well as commercial real estate loans and certain loans to individuals are risk graded based on a quarterly evaluation of the borrowers' ability to repay the loans. Certain commercial loans and most loans to individuals are small, homogeneous pools that are not risk-graded. The credit quality of these loans is based on past due days in accordance with regulatory guidelines.

We have included in the credit quality indicator "pass" loans that are in compliance with the original terms of the agreement and currently exhibit no factors that cause management to have doubts about the borrowers' ability to remain in compliance with the original terms of the agreement, which is consistent with the regulatory guideline of "pass." This also includes past due residential mortgages that are guaranteed by agencies of the U.S. government that continue to accrue interest based on criteria of the guarantors' programs.

Other loans especially mentioned ("Special Mention") are currently performing in compliance with the original terms of the agreement but may have a potential weakness that deserves management's close attention, consistent with regulatory guidelines. Non-graded loans 30 to 59 days past due are categorized as Special Mention.

The risk grading process identifies certain loans that have a well-defined weakness (for example, inadequate debt service coverage or liquidity or marginal capitalization; repayment may depend on collateral or other risk mitigation) that may jeopardize liquidation of the debt and represent a greater risk due to deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower. This is consistent with the regulatory guideline for "substandard." Because the borrowers are still performing in accordance with the original terms of the loan agreements, these loans remain on accruing status. Non-graded loans 60 to 89 days past due are categorized as Accruing Substandard.

Nonaccruing loans represent loans for which full collection of principal and interest is uncertain. This includes certain loans considered "substandard" and all loans considered "doubtful" by regulatory guidelines. Non-graded loans 90 or more days past due are categorized as Nonaccrual.

The probability of default is lowest for pass graded loans and increases for Special Mention and Accruing Substandard.

Vintage represents the year of origination, except for revolving loans which are considered in aggregate. Loans that were once revolving but have converted to term loans without additional underwriting appear in a separate vintage column.
The following table summarizes the Company’s loan portfolio at March 31, 2025, by the risk grade categories and vintage (in thousands): 
Origination Year
20252024202320222021PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to Term LoansTotal
Commercial:
Healthcare
Pass$150,623 $538,884 $454,541 $865,217 $431,766 $846,283 $230,867 $9 $3,518,190 
Special Mention—  15,000 64,641 107 3,368 254 — 83,370 
Accruing Substandard  37,969 5,171 15,302 99,276 915  158,633 
Nonaccrual  15,883 127 454 12,594 195  29,253 
Total healthcare150,623 538,884 523,393 935,156 447,629 961,521 232,231 9 3,789,446 
Services
Pass111,675 575,464 631,261 424,323 393,206 740,756 773,337 427 3,650,449 
Special Mention  3,592  947 12,348 4,022  20,909 
Accruing Substandard 241 2,152 2,449 1,311 13,018 256 387 19,814 
Nonaccrual  52 917 213 160 12,320  13,662 
Total services111,675 575,705 637,057 427,689 395,677 766,282 789,935 814 3,704,834 
Loans charged off, year-to-date—      491  491 
Energy
Pass73,695 107,688 41,449 29,086 2,560 30,295 2,566,209  2,850,982 
Accruing Substandard      9,299  9,299 
Nonaccrual     49   49 
Total energy73,695 107,688 41,449 29,086 2,560 30,344 2,575,508  2,860,330 
Loans charged off, year-to-date—      94  94 
General business
Pass246,193 612,237 512,552 250,713 166,324 385,834 1,784,046 2,122 3,960,021 
Special Mention 2,286 4,571 3,722 260  630  11,469 
Accruing Substandard558 4,565 11,304 41,766 2,296 6,674 10,065  77,228 
Nonaccrual     17 40 46 103 
Total general business246,751 619,088 528,427 296,201 168,880 392,525 1,794,781 2,168 4,048,821 
Loans charged off, year-to-date  132    368  500 
Total commercial582,744 1,841,365 1,730,326 1,688,132 1,014,746 2,150,672 5,392,455 2,991 14,403,431 
Commercial real estate:
Pass96,485 525,418 529,670 2,020,930 784,480 1,026,071 111,034  5,094,088 
Special Mention  273  12,904 9,401   22,578 
Accruing Substandard 490  1,092  32,163   33,745 
Nonaccrual   3,272  9,853   13,125 
Total commercial real estate96,485 525,908 529,943 2,025,294 797,384 1,077,488 111,034  5,163,536 
Origination Year
20252024202320222021PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to Term LoansTotal
Loans to individuals:
Residential mortgage
Pass97,566 480,639 325,937 278,335 310,003 534,068 394,986 26,915 2,448,449 
Special Mention 90 86 319  83 1,314 7 1,899 
Accruing Substandard     9 486  495 
Nonaccrual 240 2,093 1,932 1,259 10,485 3,965 528 20,502 
Total residential mortgage97,566 480,969 328,116 280,586 311,262 544,645 400,751 27,450 2,471,345 
Loans charged off, year-to-date      92  92 
Residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
Pass 1,079 4,444 7,977 2,495 110,672   126,667 
Nonaccrual     6,786   6,786 
Total residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies 1,079 4,444 7,977 2,495 117,458   133,453 
Personal
Pass40,722 245,553 172,538 170,792 112,377 249,820 525,396 449 1,517,647 
Special Mention 40 16 14 820 16   906 
Accruing Substandard     129 1  130 
Nonaccrual 2 2 25 5 5 1  40 
Total personal40,722 245,595 172,556 170,831 113,202 249,970 525,398 449 1,518,723 
Loans charged off, year-to-date1
1,036 50    5 23  1,114 
Total loans to individuals138,288 727,643 505,116 459,394 426,959 912,073 926,149 27,899 4,123,521 
Total loans$817,517 $3,094,916 $2,765,385 $4,172,820 $2,239,089 $4,140,233 $6,429,638 $30,890 $23,690,488 
1    Includes charge-offs on deposit overdrafts, which are generally charged off at 60 days past due.
The following table summarizes the Company's loan portfolio at December 31, 2024, by the risk grade categories and vintage (in thousands): 
Origination Year
20242023202220212020PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to Term LoansTotal
Commercial:
Healthcare
Pass$539,305 $544,103 $896,042 $481,816 $344,609 $644,441 $249,793 $10 $3,700,119 
Special Mention— 15,000 64,895 110 — 32,555 255 — 112,815 
Accruing Substandard— 38,180 5,253 15,529 51,134 29,151 1,635 — 140,882 
Nonaccrual— — 96 463 — 13,158 — — 13,717 
Total healthcare539,305 597,283 966,286 497,918 395,743 719,305 251,683 10 3,967,533 
Loans charged off, year-to-date— — — — — 7,240 — — 7,240 
Services
Pass629,978 625,969 422,015 404,949 187,324 570,775 745,853 379 3,587,242 
Special Mention— 3,324 123 1,537 — 11,796 17,923 — 34,703 
Accruing Substandard— 675 9,030 20 1,217 7,750 1,399 400 20,491 
Nonaccrual— — — — — — 767 — 767 
Total services629,978 629,968 431,168 406,506 188,541 590,321 765,942 779 3,643,203 
Loans charged off, year-to-date— — — — 22 80 — 111 
Energy
Pass148,972 46,094 39,050 2,621 6,488 16,989 2,985,161 — 3,245,375 
Accruing Substandard— — — — — — 9,300 — 9,300 
Nonaccrual— — — — — 49 — — 49 
Total energy148,972 46,094 39,050 2,621 6,488 17,038 2,994,461 — 3,254,724 
Loans charged off, year-to-date— — — — — — 226 — 226 
General business
Pass740,440 571,897 267,528 176,468 117,755 319,986 1,862,643 1,938 4,058,655 
Special Mention4,399 5,749 4,285 7,002 224 1,736 3,037 — 26,432 
Accruing Substandard3,980 15,872 43,300 4,764 992 4,708 5,859 — 79,475 
Nonaccrual— 32 — — — 23 — 59 114 
Total general business748,819 593,550 315,113 188,234 118,971 326,453 1,871,539 1,997 4,164,676 
Loans charged off, year-to-date— 27 1,465 — — 166 2,425 103 4,186 
Total commercial2,067,074 1,866,895 1,751,617 1,095,279 709,743 1,653,117 5,883,625 2,786 15,030,136 
Commercial real estate:
Pass436,206 512,614 2,004,558 793,161 233,619 810,497 141,307 — 4,931,962 
Special Mention— 313 14,907 32,131 — — — — 47,351 
Accruing Substandard— — 36,981 — — 32,253 — — 69,234 
Nonaccrual— — — — — 9,905 — — 9,905 
Total commercial real estate436,206 512,927 2,056,446 825,292 233,619 852,655 141,307 — 5,058,452 
Loans charged off, year-to-date — — — — 1,455 — — 1,455 
Origination Year
20242023202220212020PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to Term LoansTotal
Loans to individuals:
Residential mortgage
Pass530,186 338,187 286,865 318,935 314,814 210,251 395,943 22,929 2,418,110 
Special Mention— 167 148 219 — 113 1,767 — 2,414 
Accruing Substandard— — 163 — — 45 898 67 1,173 
Nonaccrual245 1,758 990 522 583 7,420 3,221 522 15,261 
Total residential mortgage530,431 340,112 288,166 319,676 315,397 217,829 401,829 23,518 2,436,958 
Loans charged off, year-to-date— 43 — — — 18 10 — 71 
Residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
Pass462 4,337 6,618 2,432 3,506 112,491 — — 129,846 
Nonaccrual— — — — 280 6,523 — — 6,803 
Total residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies462 4,337 6,618 2,432 3,786 119,014 — — 136,649 
Personal
Pass245,737 149,572 167,272 115,710 107,291 151,030 510,147 2,619 1,449,378 
Special Mention18 17 30 825 — — 906 
Accruing Substandard16 — — — 129 1,990 — 2,136 
Nonaccrual31 30 13 23 — 109 
Total personal245,802 149,592 167,332 116,548 107,304 151,164 512,168 2,619 1,452,529 
Loans charged off, year-to-date1
5,269 69 101 52 — 26 20 5,546 
Total loans to individuals776,695 494,041 462,116 438,656 426,487 488,007 913,997 26,137 4,026,136 
Total loans$3,279,975 $2,873,863 $4,270,179 $2,359,227 $1,369,849 $2,993,779 $6,938,929 $28,923 $24,114,724 
1    Includes charge-offs on deposit overdrafts, which are generally charged off at 60 days past due.
Nonaccruing Loans

A summary of nonaccruing loans at March 31, 2025, follows (in thousands): 
As of March 31, 2025
 TotalWith No
Allowance
With AllowanceRelated Allowance
Commercial:    
Healthcare$29,253 $29,253 $ $ 
Services13,662 13,662   
Energy49 49   
General business103 103   
Total commercial43,067 43,067   
Commercial real estate13,125 13,125   
Loans to individuals:    
Residential mortgage20,502 20,502   
Residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies6,786 6,786   
Personal40 40   
Total loans to individuals27,328 27,328   
Total$83,520 $83,520 $ $ 

The majority of our nonaccruing loans are considered collateral dependent where repayment is expected to be provided through operation or sale of the collateral. Nonaccruing commercial and commercial real estate loans are primarily secured by commercial real estate and nonaccruing residential mortgage loans are secured by residential real estate.

A summary of nonaccruing loans at December 31, 2024, follows (in thousands): 
As of December 31, 2024
 TotalWith No
Allowance
With AllowanceRelated Allowance
Commercial:    
Healthcare$13,717 $13,717 $— $— 
Services767 491 276 276 
Energy49 49 — — 
General business114 114 — — 
Total commercial14,647 14,371 276 276 
Commercial real estate9,905 9,905 — — 
Loans to individuals:    
Residential mortgage15,261 15,261 — — 
Residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies6,803 6,803 — — 
Personal109 109 — — 
Total loans to individuals22,173 22,173 — — 
Total$46,725 $46,449 $276 $276 
Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company had $3.3 million of loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Modifications generally consist of interest rate reductions, an other than insignificant payment delay, term extension, or a combination. Approximately $2.6 million are combination modifications to residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, $6.4 million of loans that were modified in the previous twelve months defaulted. Approximately $5.9 million of these defaults were related to combination modifications to residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies. A payment default is defined as being 30 or more days past due after modification.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company had $52 million of loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, including $47 million of healthcare loans. Approximately $51 million of the modifications are term extensions of healthcare, services, and general business loans, and $1.8 million are combination modifications to residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, $4.2 million of residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies were modified in the previous twelve months and subsequently defaulted.

Past Due Loans

Past due status for all loan classes is based on the actual number of days since the last payment was due according to the contractual terms of the loans, as modified for short-term payment deferral forbearance.

A summary of loans currently performing and past due as of March 31, 2025, is as follows (in thousands):
  Past Due Past Due 90 Days or More and Accruing
 Current30 to 59
Days
60 to 89 Days90 Days
or More
Total
Commercial:    
Healthcare$3,764,379 $15,829 $ $9,238 $3,789,446 $ 
Services3,702,696 2,119  19 3,704,834 19 
Energy2,860,330    2,860,330  
General business4,045,983 30 956 1,852 4,048,821 1,805 
Total commercial14,373,388 17,978 956 11,109 14,403,431 1,824 
Commercial real estate5,152,633 1,050 114 9,739 5,163,536  
Loans to individuals:    
Residential mortgage2,447,647 13,912 596 9,190 2,471,345 265 
Residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies32,944 30,072  70,437 133,453 65,720 
Personal1,512,088 5,454 1 1,180 1,518,723 1,169 
Total loans to individuals3,992,679 49,438 597 80,807 4,123,521 67,154 
Total$23,518,700 $68,466 $1,667 $101,655 $23,690,488 $68,978 
A summary of loans currently performing and past due as of December 31, 2024, is as follows (in thousands):
  Past Due Past Due 90 Days or More and Accruing
 Current30 to 59
Days
60 to 89 Days90 Days
or More
Total
Commercial:    
Healthcare$3,932,142 $25,778 $— $9,613 $3,967,533 $— 
Services3,642,436 — 767 — 3,643,203 — 
Energy3,254,724 — — — 3,254,724 — 
General business4,161,510 3,067 70 29 4,164,676 — 
Total commercial14,990,812 28,845 837 9,642 15,030,136 — 
Commercial real estate5,048,667 — — 9,785 5,058,452 — 
Loans to individuals:    
Residential mortgage2,416,633 10,930 5,622 3,773 2,436,958 — 
Residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
45,910 18,514 15,268 56,957 136,649 52,504 
Personal1,451,397 1,061 48 23 1,452,529 — 
Total loans to individuals3,913,940 30,505 20,938 60,753 4,026,136 52,504 
Total$23,953,419 $59,350 $21,775 $80,180 $24,114,724 $52,504