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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
The components of income tax expense (benefit) included on the consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 are presented below:
(in thousands)202120202019
Current
Federal$153,911 $187,741 $112,517 
State29,982 9,421 2,085 
Total current income tax expense183,893 197,162 114,602 
Deferred
Federal28,873 (90,777)46,182 
State16,127 4,585 40,451 
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit) 45,000 (86,192)86,633 
Total income tax expense$228,893 $110,970 $201,235 
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
Income tax expense as shown on the consolidated statements of income differed from the federal statutory rate for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019. A reconciliation of the differences is presented below:
Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)202120202019
Income tax expense at statutory federal income tax rate$207,765 $101,779 $160,653 
Increase (decrease) resulting from:
State income tax expense, net of federal income tax benefit38,452 11,168 33,764 
Income not subject to tax(10,455)(9,207)(6,564)
Low income housing tax credits and other tax benefits, net of amortization(4,858)(2,611)(1,583)
FDIC premiums
4,111 4,744 5,802 
General business tax credits
(3,727)(657)(678)
Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation(3,084)311 (1,337)
    Executive compensation1,096 1,501 6,385 
    Goodwill impairment 9,424 — 
Other, net(407)(5,482)4,793 
Total income tax expense$228,893 $110,970 $201,235 
Effective tax rate23.1 %22.9 %26.3 %
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2021 and 2020 are presented below:
(in thousands)20212020
Deferred tax assets
Allowance for loan losses$112,180 $165,691 
Lease liability102,412 98,340 
Employee benefits and deferred compensation35,782 27,917 
Net operating loss carryforwards23,897 29,684 
Net unrealized losses on investment securities available for sale and cash flow hedges19,261 — 
Deferred revenue18,487 24,751 
Tax credit carryforwards15,870 8,605 
Fair value of investment securities and loans6,439 10,093 
Non-performing loan interest2,621 12,472 
Other7,100 9,819 
Total gross deferred tax assets344,049 387,372 
Less valuation allowance(19,003)(19,191)
Total deferred tax assets325,046 368,181 
Deferred tax liabilities
Right-of-use asset(98,773)(98,681)
Excess tax over financial statement depreciation(27,355)(40,452)
Purchase accounting intangibles(14,820)(14,458)
Other properties held for sale(5,345)(3,025)
Prepaid expense(4,631)(5,955)
Net unrealized gains on investment securities available for sale and cash flow hedges (64,344)
Other(5,071)(10,418)
Total gross deferred tax liabilities(155,995)(237,333)
Net deferred tax assets$169,051 $130,848 
Schedule of Net Operating Loss and Tax Credit Carryforward
State NOLs and tax credit carryforwards as of December 31, 2021 are summarized in the following table.
Tax CarryforwardsAs of December 31, 2021
(in thousands)Expiration DatesDeferred
Tax Asset, Before Valuation Allowance
Valuation AllowanceNet Deferred Tax Asset Balance
Net operating losses - federal2027-2033$19,592 $(15,851)$3,741 
Net operating losses - states2023-20344,305 (3,152)1,153 
Other credits - states2022-203115,870  15,870 
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized income tax benefits is as follows (unrecognized state income tax benefits are not adjusted for the federal income tax impact).
Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202120202019
Balance at January 1,
$20,250 $20,994 $18,586 
Additions based on income tax positions related to current year
3,754 461 550 
Additions for income tax positions of prior years(1)
1,379 147 — 
Additions from acquisition
 — 3,464 
Reductions for income tax positions of prior years
(200)(327)(1,589)
Statute of limitation expirations
(79)(820)(17)
Settlements
 (205)— 
Balance at December 31,
$25,104 $20,250 $20,994 
(1)    Includes deferred tax benefits that could reduce future tax liabilities.