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Fair Value Accounting | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value Accounting | Note 12 - Fair Value Accounting Fair value accounting guidance defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an "exit price") in the principal or most advantageous market available to the entity in an orderly transaction between market participants, on the measurement date. See "Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of this Report for a description of how fair value measurements are determined. Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis The following table presents all financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
| December 31, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022
(in thousands) | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total Assets and Liabilities at Fair Value |  |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total Assets and Liabilities at Fair Value
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trading securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Collateralized mortgage obligations issued by U.S. Government sponsored enterprises | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,910 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,910 |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,991 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,991 |
Other mortgage-backed securities | — |  |  | 2,149 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,149 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 3,185 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,185 |
State and municipal securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | 48 |  |  | — |  |  | 48 |
Asset-backed securities | — |  |  | 7,839 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,839 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 2,071 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,071 |
Total trading securities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,898 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,898 |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,295 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,295 |
Investment securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 597,629 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 597,629 |  |  |  | $ | 471,813 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 471,813 |
U.S. Government agency securities | — |  |  | 28,940 |  |  | — |  |  | 28,940 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 48,798 |  |  | — |  |  | 48,798 |
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. Government agencies | — |  |  | 925,664 |  |  | — |  |  | 925,664 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 792,749 |  |  | — |  |  | 792,749 |
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. Government sponsored enterprises | — |  |  | 6,430,379 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,430,379 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 6,895,070 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,895,070 |
Collateralized mortgage obligations issued by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises | — |  |  | 587,595 |  |  | — |  |  | 587,595 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 655,127 |  |  | — |  |  | 655,127 |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises | — |  |  | 1,209,783 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,209,783 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 805,945 |  |  | — |  |  | 805,945 |
Corporate debt securities and other debt securities | — |  |  | 8,672 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,672 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 8,601 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,601 |
Total investment securities available for sale | $ | 597,629 |  |  | $ | 9,191,033 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,788,662 |  |  |  | $ | 471,813 |  |  | $ | 9,206,290 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,678,103 |
Mortgage loans held for sale | $ | — |  |  | $ | 47,338 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 47,338 |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51,136 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51,136 |
Other investments | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,560 |  |  | 12,560 |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,172 |  |  | 11,172 |
Mutual funds and mutual funds held in rabbi trusts | 53,742 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 53,742 |  |  |  | 42,659 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42,659 |
Derivative assets | — |  |  | 94,903 |  |  | — |  |  | 94,903 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 89,815 |  |  | — |  |  | 89,815 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities sold short | $ | 3,496 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,496 |  |  |  | $ | 3,370 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,370 |
Mutual fund held in rabbi trusts | 38,735 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 38,735 |  |  |  | 27,944 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,944 |
Derivative liabilities(1) | — |  |  | 259,650 |  |  | — |  |  | 259,650 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 339,227 |  |  | — |  |  | 339,227 |
(1) Excludes from Level 3 the Visa derivative of $589 thousand and $3.5 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. See "Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in this Report for discussion of fair value accounting related to this in the Derivative Instruments section. Fair Value Option Synovus has elected the fair value option for mortgage loans held for sale primarily to ease the operational burden required to maintain hedge accounting for these loans. Synovus is still able to achieve effective economic hedges on mortgage loans held for sale without the time and expense needed to manage a hedge accounting program. The following table summarizes the difference between the fair value and the UPB of mortgage loans held for sale and the changes in fair value of these loans. An immaterial portion of these changes in fair value was attributable to instrument-specific credit risk.
| Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Changes in fair value included in net income: |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans held for sale | $ | 839 |  |  | $ | (1,541) |  |  | $ | (3,942) |
Mortgage loans held for sale: |  |  |  |  |
Fair value | 47,338 |  |  | 51,136 |  |  | 108,198 |
Unpaid principal balance | 45,627 |  |  | 50,264 |  |  | 105,785 |
Fair value less aggregate unpaid principal balance | $ | 1,711 |  |  | $ | 872 |  |  | $ | 2,413 |
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) During 2023 and 2022, Synovus did not have any transfers in or out of Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
(in thousands) | Other Investments |  |  |  |
Beginning balance at December 31, 2022 | $ | 11,172 |  |  |  |  |
Total gains (losses) realized/unrealized: |  |  |  |  |
Included in earnings | 376 |  |  |  |  |
Additions | 1,012 |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance at December 31, 2023 | $ | 12,560 |  |  |  |  |
Total net gains (losses) for the year included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets still held at December 31, 2023 | $ | 376 |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) |  |  | Other Investments |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance at December 31, 2021 |  |  | $ | 12,185 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total gains (losses) realized/unrealized: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Included in earnings |  |  | (7,201) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Additions |  |  | 6,188 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance at December 31, 2022 |  |  | $ | 11,172 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total net gains (losses) for the year included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets still held at December 31, 2022 |  |  | $ | (7,201) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
The table below provides an overview of the valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in those techniques to measure financial instruments that are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy and are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The range of sensitivities that management utilized in its fair value calculations is deemed acceptable in the industry with respect to the identified financial instruments.
|  |  |  |  | December 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands) | Valuation Technique |  | Significant Unobservable Input |  | Level 3 Fair Value |  | Rate/Range |  | Level 3 Fair Value |  | Rate/Range
Assets (liabilities) measured at fair value on a recurring basis |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other investments | Individual analysis of each investee company |  | Multiple factors, including but not limited to, current operations, financial condition, cash flows, evaluation of business management and financial plans, and recently executed financing transactions related to the investee companies |  | $12,560 |  | N/A |  | $11,172 |  | N/A
Assets (Liabilities) Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis Certain assets and liabilities are required to be measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis subsequent to their initial recognition. These assets and liabilities are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis; however, they are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, such as when there is evidence of impairment. The following table presents items measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of the dates indicated for which there was a fair value adjustment.
| December 31, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022
(in thousands) | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Loans(1) | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 54,616 |  |  | $ | 54,616 |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,410 |  |  | $ | 19,410 |
Other assets held for sale | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,548 |  |  | 7,548 |
| Years Ended December 31, |  |
(in thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Location in Consolidated Statements of Income
Loans(1) | $ | 32,503 |  |  | $ | 7,098 |  |  | Provision for credit losses
Other assets held for sale | — |  |  | 1,843 |  |  | Other operating expense
(1) Collateral-dependent loans that are written down to fair value of collateral. The table below provides an overview of the valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in those techniques to measure financial instruments that are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy and are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.
|  |  |  |  | December 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
| Valuation Technique |  | Significant Unobservable Input |  | Range (Weighted Average)(1) |  | Range (Weighted Average)(1)
Assets (liabilities) measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans | Third-party appraised value of collateral less estimated selling costs |  | Appraised value Estimated selling costs |  | 0%-61% (30%) 0%-10% (7%) |  | 0%-74% (21%) 0%-10% (7%)
Other assets held for sale | Third-party appraised value, contractual sales price, or BOV, as warranted, less estimated selling costs |  | Appraised value/contractual sales price Estimated selling costs |  | N/A |  | 0%-35% (13%) 0%-10% (7%)
(1) The weighted average is the measure of central tendencies; it is not the value that management is using for the asset or liability. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The following table present s the carrying and estimated fair values of financial instruments at December 31, 2023 and 2022. The fair values represent management’s best estimates based on a range of methodologies and assumptions. See "Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of this Report for a description of how fair value measurements are determined.
| December 31, 2023
(in thousands) | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | $ | 2,451,426 |  |  | $ | 2,451,426 |  |  | $ | 2,451,426 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Trading securities | 12,898 |  |  | 12,898 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,898 |  |  | — |
Investment securities available for sale | 9,788,662 |  |  | 9,788,662 |  |  | 597,629 |  |  | 9,191,033 |  |  | — |
Loans held for sale | 52,768 |  |  | 52,770 |  |  | — |  |  | 47,338 |  |  | 5,432 |
Other investments | 12,560 |  |  | 12,560 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,560 |
Mutual funds and mutual funds held in rabbi trusts | 53,742 |  |  | 53,742 |  |  | 53,742 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Loans, net (1) | 42,925,105 |  |  | 41,298,149 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 41,298,149 |
FRB and FHLB stock | 184,944 |  |  | 184,944 |  |  | — |  |  | 184,944 |  |  | — |
Derivative assets | 94,903 |  |  | 94,903 |  |  | — |  |  | 94,903 |  |  | — |
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-interest-bearing deposits | $ | 12,507,616 |  |  | $ | 12,507,616 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,507,616 |  |  | $ | — |
Non-time interest-bearing deposits | 27,449,088 |  |  | 27,449,088 |  |  | — |  |  | 27,449,088 |  |  | — |
Time deposits | 10,782,481 |  |  | 10,769,002 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,769,002 |  |  | — |
Total deposits(2) | $ | 50,739,185 |  |  | $ | 50,725,706 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 50,725,706 |  |  | $ | — |
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements | 189,074 |  |  | 189,074 |  |  | 189,074 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Securities sold short | 3,496 |  |  | 3,496 |  |  | 3,496 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Long-term debt | 1,932,534 |  |  | 1,939,604 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,939,604 |  |  | — |
Mutual fund held in rabbi trusts | 38,735 |  |  | 38,735 |  |  | 38,735 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Derivative liabilities(3) | 259,650 |  |  | 259,650 |  |  | — |  |  | 259,650 |  |  | — |
(1) Synovus estimates the fair value of loans based on present value of the future cash flows using the interest rate that would be charged for a similar loan to a borrower with similar risk, adjusted for a discount based on the estimated time period to complete a sale transaction with a market participant. (2) The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as non-interest-bearing demand, interest bearing demand, money market, and savings accounts reflects the carrying amount which is payable on demand, as of the respective date, and may not align with other valuation methods or processes. The fair value of time deposits is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rate is estimated using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities. (3) Excludes from Level 3 the Visa derivative of $589 thousand at December 31, 2023. See "Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in this Report for discussion of fair value accounting related to this in the Derivative Instruments section.
| December 31, 2022
(in thousands) | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | $ | 1,977,780 |  |  | $ | 1,977,780 |  |  | $ | 1,977,780 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Trading securities | 8,295 |  |  | 8,295 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,295 |  |  | — |
Investment securities available for sale | 9,678,103 |  |  | 9,678,103 |  |  | 471,813 |  |  | 9,206,290 |  |  | — |
Loans held for sale | 391,502 |  |  | 391,085 |  |  | — |  |  | 51,136 |  |  | 339,949 |
Other investments | 11,172 |  |  | 11,172 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,172 |
Mutual funds and mutual funds held in rabbi trusts | 42,659 |  |  | 42,659 |  |  | 42,659 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Loans, net(1) | 43,272,929 |  |  | 42,192,295 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42,192,295 |
FRB and FHLB stock | 308,321 |  |  | 308,321 |  |  | — |  |  | 308,321 |  |  | — |
Derivative assets | 89,815 |  |  | 89,815 |  |  | — |  |  | 89,815 |  |  | — |
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-interest-bearing deposits | $ | 15,639,899 |  |  | $ | 15,639,899 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,639,899 |  |  | $ | — |
Non-time interest-bearing deposits | 26,936,635 |  |  | 26,936,635 |  |  | — |  |  | 26,936,635 |  |  | — |
Time deposits | 6,295,025 |  |  | 6,260,315 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,260,315 |  |  | — |
Total deposits(2) | $ | 48,871,559 |  |  | $ | 48,836,849 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 48,836,849 |  |  | $ | — |
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements | 146,588 |  |  | 146,588 |  |  | 146,588 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Securities sold short | 3,370 |  |  | 3,370 |  |  | 3,370 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other short-term borrowings | 600,014 |  |  | 600,014 |  |  | — |  |  | 600,014 |  |  | — |
Long-term debt | 4,109,597 |  |  | 4,120,113 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,120,113 |  |  | — |
Mutual fund held in rabbi trusts | 27,944 |  |  | 27,944 |  |  | 27,944 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Derivative liabilities(3) | 339,227 |  |  | 339,227 |  |  | — |  |  | 339,227 |  |  | — |
(1) Synovus estimates the fair value of loans based on present value of the future cash flows using the interest rate that would be charged for a similar loan to a borrower with similar risk, adjusted for a discount based on the estimated time period to complete a sale transaction with a market participant. (2) The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as non-interest-bearing demand, interest bearing demand, money market, and savings accounts reflects the carrying amount which is payable on demand, as of the respective date, and may not align with other valuation methods or processes. The fair value of time deposits is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rate is estimated using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities. (3) Excludes from Level 3 the Visa derivative of $3.5 million at December 31, 2022. See "Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in this Report for discussion of fair value accounting related to this in the Derivative Instruments section.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 + Details
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