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Note 8 - Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Notes to Financial Statements

Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]

NOTE 8. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

We have adopted the authoritative accounting guidance for fair value measurements, which does not determine or affect the circumstances under which fair value measurements are used, but defines fair value, expands disclosure requirements around fair value and specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company's market assumptions.

These inputs create the following fair value hierarchy:

Level 1: Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2: Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets.

Level 3: Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

As required by the guidance for fair value measurements, financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Thus, assets and liabilities categorized as Level 3 may be measured at fair value using inputs that are observable (Levels 1 and 2) and unobservable (Level 3). Management's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels.

Balances Measured at Fair Value

The following tables show the fair values of certain of our financial instruments:

		*September 30, 2022*
*(In thousands)*		*Balance*				*Level 1*				*Level 2*				*Level 3*
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents		$	252,344			$	252,344			$	—			$	—
Restricted cash			17,185				17,185				—				—
Investment available for sale			13,953				—				—				13,953

		*December 31, 2021*
*(In thousands)*		*Balance*				*Level 1*				*Level 2*				*Level 3*
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents		$	344,557			$	344,557			$	—			$	—
Restricted cash			12,571				12,571				—				—
Investment available for sale			15,822				—				—				15,822
Liability
Contingent payments		$	62			$	—			$	—			$	62

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The fair values of our cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, classified in the fair value hierarchy as Level 1, are based on statements received from our banks as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Investment Available for Sale

We have an investment in a single municipal bond issuance of $17.8 million aggregate principal amount of 7.5% Urban Renewal Tax Increment Revenue Bonds, Taxable Series 2007 with a maturity date of June 1, 2037. We are the only holder of this instrument and there is no quoted market price for this instrument. As such, the fair value of this investment is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the instrument is estimated using a discounted cash flows approach and the significant unobservable input used in the valuation at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is a discount rate of 12.3% and 10.1%, respectively. Unrealized gains and losses on this instrument resulting from changes in the fair value of the instrument are not charged to earnings, but rather are recorded as other comprehensive income (loss) in the stockholders' equity section of the condensed consolidated balance sheets. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, $0.7 million and $0.6 million, respectively, of the carrying value of the investment available for sale is included as a current asset in prepaid expenses and other current assets, and at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, $13.3 million and $15.2 million, respectively, is included in other assets, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The discount associated with this investment of $2.2 million and $2.3 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, is netted with the investment balance and is being accreted over the life of the investment using the effective interest method. The accretion of such discount is included in interest income on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Contingent Payments

In connection with the development of the Kansas Star Casino ("Kansas Star"), Kansas Star agreed to pay a former casino project promoter 1% of Kansas Star's EBITDA each month for a period of ten years, which ended on December 20, 2021. The liability was recorded at the estimated fair value of the contingent payments using a discounted cash flows approach. There was no liability at September 30, 2022 and at December 31, 2021 there was a current liability of $0.1 million, related to this agreement, which is recorded in accrued liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

The following tables summarize the changes in fair value of the Company's Level 3 assets and liabilities:

		*Three Months Ended*
		*September 30, 2022*								*September 30, 2021*
		*Asset*				*Liability*				*Asset*				*Liability*
		*Investment*								*Investment*
		*Available*				*Contingent*				*Available*				*Contingent*
*(In thousands)*		*for Sale*				*Payments*				*for Sale*				*Payments*
Balance at beginning of reporting period		$	14,116			$	—			$	15,696			$	(489	)
Total gains (losses) (realized or unrealized):
Included in interest income (expense)			40				—				39				(4	)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)			(203	)			—				328				—
Included in other items, net			—				—				—				18
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements:
Settlements			—				—				—				195
Balance at end of reporting period		$	13,953			$	—			$	16,063			$	(280	)

Nine Months Ended

September 30, 2022

September 30, 2021

Asset

Liability

Asset

Liability

Investment Investment

Available Contingent Available Contingent

(In thousands)

for Sale

Payments

for Sale

Payments

Balance at beginning of reporting period
$ 15,822 $ (62 ) $ 16,692 $ (924 )

Total gains (losses) (realized or unrealized):

Included in interest income (expense)
125 — 121 (26 )

Included in other comprehensive income (loss)
(1,359 ) — (160 ) —

Included in other items, net
— — — 21

Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements:

Settlements
(635 ) 62 (590 ) 649

Balance at end of reporting period
$ 13,953 $ — $ 16,063 $ (280 )

We are exposed to valuation risk on our Level 3 financial instruments. We estimate our risk exposure using a sensitivity analysis of potential changes in the significant unobservable inputs of our fair value measurements. Our Level 3 financial instruments are most susceptible to valuation risk caused by changes in the discount rate. If the discount rate in our fair value measurements increased or decreased by 100 basis points, the change would not cause the value of our fair value measurements to change significantly.

Balances Disclosed at Fair Value

The following tables provide the fair value measurement information about our obligation under assessment agreements and other financial instruments:

September 30, 2022

Outstanding

Carrying

Estimated

Fair Value

(In thousands)

Face Amount

Value

Fair Value

Hierarchy

Liabilities

Obligation under assessment arrangements

$

22,731

$

19,597

$

26,299

Level 3

December 31, 2021

Outstanding

Carrying

Estimated

Fair Value

(In thousands)

Face Amount

Value

Fair Value

Hierarchy

Liabilities

Obligation under assessment arrangements

$

24,306

$

20,734

$

26,908

Level 3

The following tables provide the fair value measurement information about our long-term debt:

		*September 30, 2022*
		*Outstanding*				*Carrying*				*Estimated*			*Fair Value*
*(In thousands)*		*Face Amount*				*Value*				*Fair Value*			*Hierarchy*
Credit Facility		$	1,009,400			$	990,644			$	1,005,110		Level 2
4.750% senior notes due 2027			1,000,000				989,773				881,250		Level 1
4.750% senior notes due 2031			900,000				888,204				726,750		Level 1
Other			706				706				706		Level 3
Total debt		$	2,910,106			$	2,869,327			$	2,613,816

		*December 31, 2021*
		*Outstanding*				*Carrying*				*Estimated*			*Fair Value*
*(In thousands)*		*Face Amount*				*Value*				*Fair Value*			*Hierarchy*
Prior Credit Facility		$	867,897			$	859,106			$	866,812		Level 2
4.750% senior notes due 2027			1,000,000				988,312				1,023,750		Level 1
8.625% senior notes due 2025			300,000				295,934				320,250		Level 1
4.750% senior notes due 2031			900,000				886,746				915,750		Level 1
Other			1,496				1,496				1,496		Level 3
Total debt		$	3,069,393			$	3,031,594			$	3,128,058

The estimated fair value of our Credit Facility and Prior Credit Facility is based on a relative value analysis performed on or about September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The estimated fair values of our senior notes are based on quoted market prices as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The other debt is fixed-rate debt consisting of: (i) finance leases with various maturity dates from 2024 to 2025; and (ii) a purchase obligation that matured in July 2022. The other debt is not traded and does not have an observable market input; therefore, we have estimated fair value to be equal to the carrying value for these obligations.

Other than the retirement of the 8.625% Senior Notes (Level 1) during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, that was funded through a combination of cash on hand and borrowings under the Credit Facility (Level 2), there were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 measurements during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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