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Pension and Postretirement Benefits (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Schedule of Assumptions Related to Plans
The following are assumptions related to the U.S. defined benefit pension plans:
 Year Ended December 31,
 202020192018
Weighted average assumptions used to determine Benefit Obligations:   
Discount rate2.62 %3.41 %4.34 %
Rate of increase in compensation levels3.63 3.50 3.50 
Weighted average assumptions used to determine net pension expense:
Long-term rate of return on assets6.00 %6.00 %6.00 %
Discount rate3.41 4.34 3.63 
Rate of increase in compensation levels3.56 3.50 4.01 
Weighted-average interest crediting rates3.79 %3.79 %3.79 %
The following are assumptions related to the non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans:
 Year Ended December 31,
 202020192018
Weighted average assumptions used to determine Benefit Obligations:   
Discount rate1.23 %1.61 %2.42 %
Rate of increase in compensation levels3.11 3.12 3.28 
Weighted average assumptions used to determine net pension expense:
Long-term rate of return on assets2.37 %3.37 %3.62 %
Discount rate1.61 2.42 2.25 
Rate of increase in compensation levels3.12 3.28 3.25 
Weighted-average interest crediting rates1.00 %1.00 %1.00 %
The following are assumptions related to postretirement benefits:
 Year Ended December 31,
 202020192018
Weighted average assumptions used to determine Benefit Obligation:   
Discount rate2.32 %3.27 %4.20 %
Weighted average assumptions used to determine net expense:
Discount rate3.27 %4.20 %3.48 %
Components of Net Periodic Cost for Pension and Postretirement Benefits
Net pension expense for the U.S. defined benefit pension plans (including both qualified and non-qualified plans) was:
 Year Ended December 31,
 202020192018
 (Amounts in thousands)
Service cost$25,893 $23,245 $22,195 
Interest cost15,100 17,584 15,789 
Expected return on plan assets(25,794)(25,645)(25,704)
Settlement loss (gain)128 — (462)
Amortization of unrecognized prior service cost184 164 164 
Amortization of unrecognized net loss6,977 3,675 5,514 
U.S. net pension expense$22,488 $19,023 $17,496 
Net pension expense for non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans was:
 Year Ended December 31,
 202020192018
 (Amounts in thousands)
Service cost$7,052 $5,728 $7,208 
Interest cost6,572 8,867 8,970 
Expected return on plan assets(5,018)(7,535)(8,747)
Amortization of unrecognized net loss4,315 2,933 3,626 
Amortization of unrecognized prior service cost (benefit)262 265 33 
Settlement loss (gain) and other 708 859 (521)
Non-U.S. net pension expense$13,891 $11,117 $10,569 
Net postretirement benefit cost for postretirement medical plans was:
 Year Ended December 31,
 202020192018
 (Amounts in thousands)
Interest cost$596 $754 $779 
Amortization of unrecognized prior service cost122 122 122 
Amortization of unrecognized net gain(132)(215)(764)
Net postretirement benefit expense $586 $661 $137 
Schedule of Funded Status
The following summarizes the net pension (liability) asset for U.S. plans:
 December 31,
 20202019
 (Amounts in thousands)
Plan assets, at fair value$477,680 $482,553 
Benefit Obligation(487,418)(471,462)
Funded status$(9,738)$11,091 
The following summarizes the net pension liability for non-U.S. plans:
 December 31,
 20202019
 (Amounts in thousands)
Plan assets, at fair value$287,308 $262,559 
Benefit Obligation(469,998)(425,617)
Funded status$(182,690)$(163,058)
The following summarizes the accrued postretirement benefits liability for the postretirement medical plans:
 December 31,
 20202019
 (Amounts in thousands)
Postretirement Benefit Obligation$18,648 $18,862 
Funded status$(18,648)$(18,862)
Schedule of Amounts Recognized in Balance Sheet
The following summarizes amounts recognized in the balance sheet for U.S. plans:
 December 31,
 20202019
 (Amounts in thousands)
Noncurrent assets$— $16,396 
Current liabilities(233)(348)
Noncurrent liabilities(9,505)(4,957)
Funded status$(9,738)$11,091 
The following summarizes amounts recognized in the balance sheet for non-U.S. plans:
 December 31,
 20202019
\(Amounts in thousands)
Noncurrent assets$18,910 $16,379 
Current liabilities(8,121)(7,609)
Noncurrent liabilities(193,479)(171,828)
Funded status$(182,690)$(163,058)
The following summarizes amounts recognized in the balance sheet for postretirement Benefit Obligation:
 December 31,
 20202019
 (Amounts in thousands)
Current liabilities$(2,342)$(2,370)
Noncurrent liabilities(16,306)(16,492)
Funded status$(18,648)$(18,862)
Schedule of Benefit Obligations and Accumulated Benefit Obligations
The following is a summary of the changes in the U.S. defined benefit plans’ pension obligations:
December 31,
20202019
 (Amounts in thousands)
Balance — January 1$471,462 $432,595 
Service cost25,893 23,245 
Interest cost15,100 17,584 
Plan amendments and settlements(953)276 
Actuarial losses (1)29,166 31,214 
Benefits paid(53,250)(33,452)
Balance — December 31$487,418 $471,462 
Accumulated benefit obligations at December 31$486,501 $470,643 
_______________________________________
(1)The actuarial losses in 2020 and 2019 primarily reflect the impact of changes in the discount rate.
The following is a reconciliation of the non-U.S. plans’ defined benefit pension obligations:
December 31,
20202019
 (Amounts in thousands)
Balance — January 1$425,617 $376,649 
Service cost7,052 5,728 
Interest cost6,572 8,867 
Employee contributions80 78 
Settlements and other(2,701)(3,713)
Actuarial losses (1)23,781 48,888 
Net benefits and expenses paid(15,700)(14,526)
Currency translation impact(2)25,297 3,646 
Balance — December 31$469,998 $425,617 
Accumulated benefit obligations at December 31$446,097 $404,035 
_______________________________________
(1)The 2019 actuarial loss primarily reflects the decrease in the discount rates for all plans.
(2)In 2020, the currency translation loss reflects the weakening of the U.S. dollar against the Euro and the British pound, while in 2019 the currency translation loss reflects the weakening of the U.S. dollar against the British pound, partially offset by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the Euro
The following is a reconciliation of the postretirement Benefit Obligation:
December 31,
20202019
 (Amounts in thousands)
Balance — January 1$18,862 $18,810 
Interest cost596 754 
Employee contributions916 964 
Medicare subsidies receivable14 
Actuarial losses2,434 2,222 
Net benefits and expenses paid(4,167)(3,902)
Balance — December 31$18,648 $18,862 
Schedule of Expected Cash Activity
The following table summarizes the expected cash benefit payments for the U.S. defined benefit pension plans in the future (amounts in millions):
2021$43.3 
202242.2 
202342.8 
202441.2 
202542.4 
2026-2030196.3 
The following table summarizes the expected cash benefit payments for the non-U.S. defined benefit plans in the future (amounts in millions):
2021$17.6 
202218.1 
202318.1 
202419.1 
202518.7 
2026-2030100.3 
The following presents expected benefit payments for future periods (amounts in millions):
Expected
Payments
2021$2.4 
20222.2 
20232.0 
20241.8 
20251.6 
2026-20306.1 
Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table shows the change in accumulated other comprehensive loss attributable to the components of the net cost and the change in Benefit Obligations for U.S. plans, net of tax:
December 31,
20202019
 (Amounts in thousands)
Balance — January 1$(49,510)$(62,018)
Amortization of net loss5,336 2,809 
Amortization of prior service cost 140 125 
Net (loss) gain arising during the year(5,328)9,785 
Settlement gain98 — 
Prior service cost arising during the year(57)(211)
Balance — December 31$(49,321)$(49,510)

Amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss consist of:
 December 31,
 20202019
 (Amounts in thousands)
Unrecognized net loss$(48,460)$(48,578)
Unrecognized prior service cost(861)(932)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax$(49,321)$(49,510)
The following table shows the change in accumulated other comprehensive loss attributable to the components of the net cost and the change in Benefit Obligations for non-U.S. plans, net of tax:
December 31,
20202019
 (Amounts in thousands)
Balance — January 1$(89,337)$(62,088)
Amortization of net loss4,410 2,946 
Net losses arising during the year(7,432)(29,910)
Settlement losses681 746 
Prior service cost arising during the year(467)— 
Currency translation impact and other(5,101)(1,031)
Balance — December 31$(97,246)$(89,337)

Amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss consist of:
 December 31,
 20202019
 (Amounts in thousands)
Unrecognized net loss$(93,417)$(85,891)
Unrecognized prior service cost(3,829)(3,446)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax$(97,246)$(89,337)
The following table shows the change in accumulated other comprehensive loss attributable to the components of the net cost and the change in Benefit Obligations for postretirement benefits, net of tax:
20202019
 (Amounts in thousands)
Balance — January 1$656 $2,425 
Amortization of net gain(101)(164)
Amortization of prior service cost94 94 
Net losses arising during the year(1,862)(1,699)
Balance — December 31$(1,213)$656 
Amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss consist of:
 December 31,
 20202019
 (Amounts in thousands)
Unrecognized net gain (loss)$(470)$1,512 
Unrecognized prior service cost(743)(856)
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax$(1,213)$656 
Reconciliation of Plan Assets
The following is a reconciliation of the U.S. defined benefit pension plans’ assets:
December 31,
20202019
 (Amounts in thousands)
Balance — January 1$482,553 $425,792 
Return on plan assets47,992 69,663 
Company contributions1,412 20,552 
Benefits paid(53,250)(33,454)
Settlements(1,027)— 
Balance — December 31$477,680 $482,553 
The following is a reconciliation of the non-U.S. plans’ defined benefit pension assets:
December 31,
20202019
 (Amounts in thousands)
Balance — January 1$262,559 $232,175 
Return on plan assets21,897 23,793 
Employee contributions80 78 
Company contributions11,279 16,782 
Settlements(2,939)(3,688)
Currency translation impact and other10,132 7,945 
Net benefits and expenses paid(15,700)(14,526)
Balance — December 31$287,308 $262,559 
Allocation of Plan Assets The asset allocations for the qualified plan at the end of 2020 and 2019 by asset category, are as follows:
Target Allocation
at December 31,
Percentage of Actual Plan Assets at December 31,
Asset category2020201920202019
Cash and cash equivalents— %— %%%
Cash and cash equivalents— %— %%%
Global Equity31 %31 %30 %28 %
Global Real Assets12 %12 %13 %12 %
Equity securities43 %43 %43 %40 %
Diversified Credit 12 %12 %14 %12 %
Liability-Driven Investment45 %45 %42 %47 %
Fixed income57 %57 %56 %59 %
The plan’s financial instruments, shown below, are presented at fair value. See Note 1 for further discussion on how the hierarchical levels of the fair values of the Plan’s investments are determined. The fair values of our U.S. defined benefit plan assets were:
At December 31, 2020At December 31, 2019
  Hierarchical Levels Hierarchical Levels
 TotalIIIIIITotalIIIIII
 (Amounts in thousands)(Amounts in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$5,986 $5,986 $— $— $4,994 $4,994 $— $— 
Commingled Funds:  
Equity securities  
Global Equity(a)142,401 — 142,401 — 135,350 — 135,350 — 
Global Real Assets(b)61,604 — 61,604 — 60,523 — 60,523 — 
Fixed income securities 
Diversified Credit(c)66,995 — 66,995 — 56,375 — 56,375 — 
Liability-Driven Investment(d)200,694 — 200,694 — 225,311 — 225,311 — 
 $477,680 $5,986 $471,694 $— $482,553 $4,994 $477,559 $— 
_______________________________________
(a)Global Equity fund seeks to closely track the performance of the MSCI All Country World Index.
(b)Global Real Asset funds seek to provide exposure to the listed global real estate investment trusts (REITs) and infrastructure markets.
(c)Diversified Credit funds seek to provide exposure to the high yield, emerging markets, bank loans and securitized credit markets.
(d)Liability-Driven Investment ("LDI") funds seek to invest in high quality fixed income securities that collectively closely match those found in discount curves used to value the plan's liabilities.
The asset allocations for the non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans at the end of 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
Target Allocation at
December 31,
Percentage of Actual Plan
Assets at December 31,
Asset category2020201920202019
Cash and cash equivalents%%%%
Cash and cash equivalents%%%%
North American Companies%%%%
Global Equity%%%%
Equity securities%%%%
U.K. Government Gilt Index39 %43 %39 %43 %
Liability-Driven Investment12 %%12 %%
Fixed income51 %50 %51 %50 %
Multi-asset20 %19 %20 %19 %
Buy-in Contracts20 %21 %20 %21 %
Other %%%%
Other types46 %46 %46 %46 %
The fair values of the non-U.S. assets were:
At December 31, 2020At December 31, 2019
 Hierarchical Levels Hierarchical Levels
 TotalIIIIIITotalIIIIII
 (Amounts in thousands)(Amounts in thousands)
Cash$2,304 $2,304 $— — $5,026 $5,026 $— $— 
Commingled Funds:  
Equity securities  
North American Companies(a)2,555 — 2,555 — 2,501 — 2,501 — 
Global Equity(b)2,451 — 2,451 — 2,411 — 2,411 — 
Fixed income securities  
U.K. Government Gilt Index(c)112,298 — 112,298 — 113,855 — 113,855 — 
Liability-Driven Investment(d)34,543 — 34,543 — 20,011 — 20,011 — 
Other Types of Investments:
Multi-asset(e)57,205 — 57,205 — 48,964 — 48,964 — 
Buy-in Contracts(f)59,249 — — 59,249 54,544 — — 54,544 
Other(g)16,703 — — 16,703 15,247 — — 15,247 
 $287,308 $2,304 $209,052 $75,952 $262,559 $5,026 $187,742 $69,791 
_______________________________________
(a)North American Companies represents U.S. and Canadian large cap equity funds, which are managed to track their respective benchmarks (FTSE All-World USA Index and FTSE All-World Canada Index).
(b)Global Equity represents actively managed global equity funds, taking a top-down strategic view on the different regions by analyzing companies based on fundamentals, market-driven, thematic and quantitative factors to generate alpha.
(c)U.K. Government Gilt Index represents U.K. government issued fixed income investments which are passively managed to track their respective benchmarks.
(d)LDI seeks to invest in fixed income securities that collectively closely match those found in discount curves used to value the plan's liabilities.
(e)Multi-asset seeks an attractive risk-adjusted return by investing in a diversified portfolio of strategies, including equities and fixed income.
(f)The Buy-in Contracts ("Contract" or "Contracts") represent assets held by plans, whereby the cost of providing benefits to plan participants is funded by the Contract. The Contracts are held by the plans for the benefit of plan participants in the Netherlands and U.K. The fair value of these assets are based on the current present value of accrued benefits and will fluctuate based on changes in the obligations associated with covered plan members as well as the assumptions used in the present value calculation. The fair value of asset held in the Netherlands Contract as of January 1, 2020 was $25.9 million, with contributions and currency adjustments resulting in a fair value of $27.4 million at December 31, 2020. Similarly, The fair value of asset held in the U.K. plan Contract as of January 1, 2020 was $28.6 million, with contributions and currency adjustments resulting in a fair value of $31.8 million at December 31, 2020.
(g)Includes assets held by plans outside the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Canada. Details have not been provided due to immateriality.
Schedule of Benefit Pension Plans with Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets
The following summarizes key pension plan information regarding U.S. and non-U.S. plans whose accumulated benefit obligations exceed the fair value of their respective plan assets.
 December 31,
 20202019
 (Amounts in thousands)
Benefit Obligation$735,912 $229,793 
Accumulated benefit obligation716,534 212,906 
Fair value of plan assets526,502 46,718