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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2013
Income Taxes
11. Income Taxes

For the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2013, the Company had income before taxes of $6,033,703 and $9,655,771, respectively. The Company recorded income tax provisions of $1,494,516 and $2,778,348, respectively, for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2013. This is based on an expected effective tax rate of 25.69% for the year ending December 31, 2013 plus approximately $298,000 of discrete items recognized in the quarter ended March 31, 2013. The effective income tax rate is based upon the estimated income for the year and the composition of the income in different jurisdictions. Effective January 1, 2013, Sweden’s statutory tax rate decreased from 26.3% to 22.0%. The effective tax rate differs from the U.S. statutory tax rate primarily due to the expected utilization of prior year net operating loss carryforwards in excess of amounts previously benefitted and the lower statutory tax rate in Sweden.

For the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2012, the Company had income before taxes of $1,778,193 and $3,063,572, respectively. The Company recorded income tax provisions of $208,230 and $267,137, respectively, for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2012 based on an effective tax rate of approximately 8.72%. The effective income tax rate is based upon the estimated income for the year and the composition of the income in different jurisdictions. The effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rates primarily due to the utilization of prior year net operating loss carryforwards and credits earned in the U.S.

The Company has net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $44,678,000 and business tax credits carryforwards of approximately $2,160,000 available to reduce future federal income taxes, if any. The net operating loss and business tax credit carryforwards will continue to expire at various dates through December 2032. The net operating loss and business tax credits carryforwards are subject to review and possible adjustment by the Internal Revenue Service and may be limited in the event of certain changes in the ownership interest of significant stockholders.

In the fourth quarter of 2012, we entered into a cumulative pre-tax income position and concluded that it was more likely than not that we will generate sufficient taxable income in 2013 based on our 2013 projections to realize the tax benefit of a portion of our deferred tax assets. As a result, we recorded a tax benefit in the fourth quarter of 2012 that included the reversal of $3,021,000 of the valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets.