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Fair Value Measurement | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2016
Fair Value Measurement | 12. Fair Value Measurement In determining the fair value of its assets and liabilities, the Company uses various valuation approaches. The Company employs a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the source of inputs as follows:
Level 1 – |  | Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access
Level 2 – |  | Valuations based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active and models for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly
Level 3 – |  | Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement
The availability of observable inputs can vary among the various types of financial assets and liabilities. To the extent that the valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for financial statement disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the overall fair value measurement. The Company’s fixed income investments are comprised of obligations of U.S. government agencies and corporate marketable securities. These investments have been initially valued at the transaction price and subsequently valued, at the end of each reporting period, utilizing third party pricing services or other market observable data. The pricing services utilize industry standard valuation models, including both income and market based approaches and observable market inputs to determine value. These observable market inputs include reportable trades, benchmark yields, credit spreads, broker/dealer quotes, bids, offers, current spot rates and other industry and economic events. At least annually, the Company validates the prices provided by third party pricing services by reviewing their pricing methods and matrices, obtaining market values from other pricing sources, analyzing pricing data in certain instances and confirming that the relevant markets are active. The Company did not adjust or override any fair value measurements provided by the pricing services as of March 31, 2016. The following fair value hierarchy table presents information about each major category of the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2016 (in thousands):
|  | Fair value measurement at reporting date using: |
|  | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) |  |  | Total |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds |  | $ | 11,331 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11,331 |
U.S. Government and agency securities |  |  | 5,896 |  |  |  | 300 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,196 |
Corporate and other debt securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,503 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,503 |
Total |  | $ | 17,227 |  |  | $ | 11,803 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 29,030 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent consideration – short-term |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,018 |  |  |  | 4,018 |
Contingent consideration – long-term |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 145 |  |  |  | 145 |
Total |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,163 |  |  | $ | 4,163 |
The Company has no other assets or liabilities for which fair value measurement is either required or has been elected to be applied. The liabilities for contingent consideration recorded in connection with the BioFlash Partners, LLC (“BioFlash”) and Refine Technology, LLC (“Refine”) business combinations. The contingent consideration related to BioFlash is valued using management’s estimates of royalties to be paid to the former shareholders of BioFlash based on sales of the acquired assets. The contingent consideration related to the Refine is valued using management’s estimates of expected future milestone payments based on forecasted sales and a portion of any receipts that might be received in connection with the resolution, withdrawal or settlement of certain patent disputes with a third party to be paid to Refine. These valuations are Level 3 valuations as the primary inputs are unobservable. Changes in the fair value of contingent consideration in the three-month period ended March 31, 2016 are primarily attributable to an increase to the expected 2016 Refine milestone payment of $1,999,000, a $4,350,000 milestone payment to Refine and a $130,000 minimum royalty payment made to BioFlash, which were previously accrued. The following table provides a rollforward of the fair value of the contingent consideration (in thousands):
Balance at December 31, 2015 |  | $ | 6,788 |
Payments |  |  | (4,480 | )
Changes in fair value |  |  | 2,005 |
Balance at March 31, 2016 |  | $ | 4,313 |
The following tables provide quantitative information associated with the fair value measurement of the Company’s contingent consideration related to Refine using Level 3 inputs (in thousands):
|  | Contingent Consideration
|  | Refine
Fair value as of March 31, 2016 |  | $4,018
Valuation technique |  | Probability-adjusted discounted cash flow
Remaining period in which milestones can be achieved |  | 2016
|  | Fixed Earn-out |  |  | Maximum Variable Earn-out |  |  | Accrued Balance |
2016 |  |  | 4,250 |  |  |  | 1,300 |  |  |  | 4,018 |
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of Refine’s contingent consideration are the probabilities of successful achievement of 2016 sales milestones. During the first quarter of 2016, the estimated fair value of the 2016 contingent payment was increased by $1,999,000 to $4,018,000 based on revised sales forecasts. Increases or decreases in the Company’s projected sales during 2016 may result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement, respectively and could result in a reversal of the current accrual. There were no remeasurements to fair value during the three months ended March 31, 2016 of financial assets and liabilities that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=36462937&loc=d3e19207-110258 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 30 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6957238&loc=d3e14172-108612 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 28 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6957238&loc=d3e14064-108612 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=49121117&loc=d3e13537-108611 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 16 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=49121117&loc=d3e13504-108611 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 10 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=49121117&loc=d3e13433-108611 + Details
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