12. Stock-Based Compensation

For the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of approximately $1,282,000 and $981,000, respectively, for share-based awards granted under the Second Amended and Restated 2001 Repligen Corporation Stock Plan (the “2001 Plan”) and the Repligen Corporation Amended and Restated 2012 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2012 Plan,” and collectively with the 2001 Plan and the 1992 Repligen Corporation Stock Option Plan, the “Plans”). The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of approximately $3,341,000 and $2,668,000 for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, for share-based awards granted under the Plans.

The following table presents stock-based compensation expense included in the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income (in thousands):


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2016		2015		2016		2015
Cost of product revenue	$	116	$	60	$	260	$	166
Research and development		177		91		362		250
Selling, general and administrative		989		830		2,719		2,252

Total	$	1,282	$	981	$	3,341	$	2,668

The 2012 Plan allows for the granting of incentive and nonqualified options to purchase shares of common stock, restricted stock and other equity awards. Incentive options granted to employees under the Plans generally vest over a three to five-year period, with 20%-33% vesting on the first anniversary of the date of grant and the remainder vesting in equal yearly installments thereafter. Nonqualified options issued to non-employee directors under the Plans generally vest over one year. Options granted under the Plans have a maximum term of ten years from the date of grant and generally, the exercise price of the stock options equals the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. At September 30, 2016, options to purchase 1,198,673 shares were outstanding under the Plans. At September 30, 2016, 1,929,834 shares were available for future grant under the 2012 Plan.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the fair value of stock option awards on the grant date, and the Company uses the value of the common stock as of the grant date to value restricted stock units. The Company measures stock-based compensation cost at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award, and recognizes awards with service based vesting as expense over the employee’s requisite service period on a straight-line basis. The Company has no awards that are performance-based or subject to market conditions. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense for options that are ultimately expected to vest, and accordingly, such compensation expense has been adjusted for estimated forfeitures.

Information regarding option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 under the Plans is summarized below:


	Options Outstanding			Weighted- Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)		(in thousands) Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Options outstanding at January 1, 2016		1,240,935		$	10.44
Granted		366,003			11.22
Exercised		(305,535	)		5.81
Forfeited/Cancelled		(102,730	)		8.40

Options outstanding at September 30, 2016		1,198,673		$	12.03		7.49	$	22,172

Options exercisable at September 30, 2016		432,002		$	11.28		5.43	$	8,396

Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2016 (1)		1,115,150		$	12.26		7.42	$	20,396

(1)

This represents the number of vested options as of September 30, 2016 plus the number of unvested options expected to vest as of September 30, 2016 based on the unvested outstanding options at September 30, 2016 adjusted for estimated forfeiture rates of 8% for awards granted to non-executive level employees and 3% for awards granted to executive level employees.

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the closing price of the common stock on September 30, 2016 of $30.19 and the exercise price of each in-the-money option) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on September 30, 2016.

The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was $20.80 and $22.41, respectively. The total fair value of stock options that vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was approximately $2,905,000 and $1,862,000, respectively.

As of September 30, 2016, there was approximately $9,276,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested share-based awards. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average remaining requisite service period of 2.9 years. The Company expects 683,148 unvested options to vest over the next five years.