6.	Commitments and Contingencies

Lease Commitments

In 2001, the Company entered into a ten-year lease agreement for approximately 25,000 square feet of space located in Waltham, Massachusetts to be used for its corporate headquarters, manufacturing, research and development, and marketing and administrative operations. In July 2011, the Company amended this agreement to expand the lease to cover approximately 55,694 square feet and to extend the term of the lease by eleven years, which expires on May 31, 2023. In connection with this lease agreement, the Company issued a letter of credit in the amount of $200,000 to the lessor in lieu of a security deposit. The letter of credit is collateralized by a certificate of deposit held by the bank that issued the letter of credit. The certificate of deposit is classified as restricted cash in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

In March 2014, the Company entered into an amendment of its existing lease to expand the rented space from 55,694 to 75,594 square feet at 41 Seyon Street, Waltham, Massachusetts. Pursuant to the terms of the amended lease, Repligen leased an additional 19,900 square feet (the “Expansion Space”) for a period of eight years and one month, commencing on August 1, 2014.

The amended lease provides for additional rent expense of approximately $361,000 on an annualized basis. The amended lease also required an increase to the letter of credit from $200,000 to $450,000 and continues to require the Company to pay a proportionate share of certain of the landlord’s annual operating costs and real estate taxes. In 2017, the issuing bank no longer required collateral to secure the letter of credit; as a result, the Company released the funds from restricted cash. Future minimum rental commitments under the amended lease as of December 31, 2017 are $1,371,000 for the years ending December 31, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively and $1,251,000 for the year ended December 31, 2022.

In 2007, the Company entered into a five-year lease agreement for approximately 2,500 square feet of space in Waltham, Massachusetts to provide for expanded manufacturing operations. Adjacent to this space, the Company entered into a two-year lease in 2008 for approximately 7,350 square feet of additional space to be used for expanded manufacturing and administrative operations. Both of these leases expired on December 31, 2012. The Company converted to a month-to-month basis for both sites. The Company terminated the lease on the 7,350 square feet of space in the first quarter of 2015.

The Company leases four adjacent buildings in Lund, Sweden totaling approximately 45,000 square feet of space used primarily for biologics manufacturing and administrative operations. The lease was renewed during 2016 and expires on December 31, 2021. Future minimum rental commitments under the amended lease as of December 31, 2017 are $1,087,000 for the years ending December 31, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively.

Obligations under non-cancelable operating leases, including the facility leases discussed above, as of December 31, 2017 are approximately as follows (in thousands):


Years Ending	Operating Leases
December 31, 2018		3,611
December 31, 2019		3,383
December 31, 2020		3,077
December 31, 2021		2,750
December 31, 2022		1,464
Thereafter		786

Minimum lease payments	$	15,071

Rent expense charged to operations under operating leases was approximately $3,367,000, $2,644,000 and $2,619,000 for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Company had deferred rent liabilities of $1,656,000, $1,792,000 and $1,899,000, respectively, related to the escalating rent provisions for the Waltham headquarters and the Company’s facility in Rancho Dominguez, California.

Licensing and Research Agreements

The Company licenses certain technologies that are, or may be, incorporated into its technology under several agreements and also has entered into several clinical research agreements which require the Company to fund certain research projects. Generally, the license agreements require the Company to pay annual maintenance fees and royalties on product sales once a product has been established using the technologies. The Company recorded research and development expenses associated with license agreements of approximately $161,000, $5,000 and $7,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

In October 2009, the Company entered into an exclusive worldwide commercial license agreement with Families of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (see Note 2). Pursuant to the License Agreement dated December 28, 2012, the Company transferred all rights and obligations related to the FSMA License Agreement to Pfizer. The License Agreement was terminated by Pfizer, effective as of April 26, 2015.

Purchase Orders, Supply Agreements and Other Contractual Obligations

In the normal course of business, the Company has entered into purchase orders and other agreement with manufacturers, distributors and others. Outstanding obligations at December 31, 2017 of approximately $15,512,000 are expected to be completed within one year.