false 2019 Q2 0000730272 three year--12-31 Massachusetts Construction in progress as of June 30, 2019 includes $5.6 million in capitalized internal-use software development costs and $0.3 million in manufacturing improvements at our Rancho Dominguez facility among other projects. 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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended
June 30, 2019
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from
to
Commission File Number
000-14656
REPLIGEN CORPORATION
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware |  | 04-2729386
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
41 Seyon Street, Bldg. 1, Suite 100 Waltham , MA |  | 02453
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(
781
)
250-0111
Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share |  | RGEN |  | The Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes
☒
No
☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation
S-T
(§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes
☒
No
☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a
non-accelerated
filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule
12b-2
of the Exchange Act.:

Large accelerated filer |  | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
Emerging growth company |  | ☐ |  |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule
12b-2
of the Exchange Act.): Yes
☐
No
☒
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock on July 30, 2019 was
51,530,792
.
Table of Contents

|  |  |  | PAGE |
PART I - |  | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |  |  |  |
Item 1. |  | Financial Statements (interim periods unaudited) |  |  |  |
|  | Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 |  |  | 3 |
|  | Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 |  |  | 4 |
|  | Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 |  |  | 5 |
|  | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 |  |  | 7 |
|  | Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements |  |  | 8 |
Item 2. |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  |  | 28 |
Item 3. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  |  | 36 |
Item 4. |  | Controls and Procedures |  |  | 37 |
PART II - |  | OTHER INFORMATION |  |  |  |
Item 1. |  | Legal Proceedings |  |  | 38 |
Item 1A. |  | Risk Factors |  |  | 38 |
Item 2. |  | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  |  | 38 |
Item 3. |  | Defaults Upon Senior Securities |  |  | 38 |
Item 4. |  | Mine Safety Disclosures |  |  | 38 |
Item 5. |  | Other Information |  |  | 38 |
Item 6. |  | Exhibits |  |  | 39 |
Signatures |  |  | 40 |

2
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. | Financial Statements

REPLIGEN
CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED
BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited, amounts in thousands, except share data)

|  | June 30, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 208,888 |  |  | $ | 193,822 |
Restricted cash |  |  | 8,929 |  |  |  | — |
Accounts receivable, less reserve for doubtful accounts of $330 and $227 at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively |  |  | 43,045 |  |  |  | 33,015 |
Royalties and other receivables |  |  | 44 |  |  |  | 136 |
Unbilled receivables |  |  | 460 |  |  |  | 2,602 |
Inventories, net |  |  | 51,275 |  |  |  | 42,263 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 3,853 |  |  |  | 3,901 |
Total current assets |  |  | 316,494 |  |  |  | 275,739 |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  |  | 38,125 |  |  |  | 32,180 |
Intangible assets, net |  |  | 220,481 |  |  |  | 135,438 |
Goodwill |  |  | 469,510 |  |  |  | 326,735 |
Deferred tax assets |  |  | 3,917 |  |  |  | 4,355 |
Operating lease right of use assets |  |  | 19,501 |  |  |  | — |
Other assets |  |  | 239 |  |  |  | 174 |
Total assets |  | $ | 1,068,267 |  |  | $ | 774,621 |
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 11,304 |  |  | $ | 10,489 |
Operating lease liability |  |  | 3,287 |  |  |  | — |
Accrued liabilities |  |  | 20,618 |  |  |  | 15,865 |
Convertible senior notes, current portion |  |  | 105,704 |  |  |  | 103,488 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 140,913 |  |  |  | 129,842 |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  | 27,690 |  |  |  | 25,086 |
Operating lease liability, long-term |  |  | 20,209 |  |  |  | — |
Other liabilities, long-term |  |  | 487 |  |  |  | 4,125 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 189,299 |  |  |  | 159,053 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 80,000,000 shares authorized; 48,086,422 shares at June 30, 2019 and 43,917,378 shares at December 31, 2018 issued and outstanding |  |  | 481 |  |  |  | 439 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 892,960 |  |  |  | 642,590 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (15,053 | ) |  |  | (11,893 | )
Accumulated earnings (deficit) |  |  | 580 |  |  |  | (15,568 | )
Total stockholders’ equity |  |  | 878,968 |  |  |  | 615,568 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 1,068,267 |  |  | $ | 774,621 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
3
REPLIGEN CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS
OF
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(LOSS)
(Unaudited, amounts in thousands, except per share data)

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Products |  | $ | 70,670 |  |  | $ | 47,743 |  |  | $ | 131,282 |  |  | $ | 92,542 |
Royalty and other revenue |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | (12 | ) |  |  | 44 |  |  |  | 19 |
Total revenue |  |  | 70,692 |  |  |  | 47,731 |  |  |  | 131,326 |  |  |  | 92,561 |
Costs and operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of product revenue |  |  | 30,708 |  |  |  | 21,088 |  |  |  | 57,553 |  |  |  | 40,756 |
Research and development |  |  | 5,231 |  |  |  | 5,780 |  |  |  | 8,851 |  |  |  | 9,068 |
Selling, general and administrative |  |  | 23,699 |  |  |  | 16,590 |  |  |  | 42,697 |  |  |  | 32,488 |
Total costs and operating expenses |  |  | 59,638 |  |  |  | 43,458 |  |  |  | 109,101 |  |  |  | 82,312 |
Income from operations |  |  | 11,054 |  |  |  | 4,273 |  |  |  | 22,225 |  |  |  | 10,249 |
Other income (expenses): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment income |  |  | 1,005 |  |  |  | 512 |  |  |  | 1,718 |  |  |  | 693 |
Interest expense |  |  | (1,743 | ) |  |  | (1,669 | ) |  |  | (3,469 | ) |  |  | (3,321 | )
Other (expenses) income |  |  | (697 | ) |  |  | 251 |  |  |  | (339 | ) |  |  | 321 |
Other expenses, net |  |  | (1,435 | ) |  |  | (906 | ) |  |  | (2,090 | ) |  |  | (2,307 | )
Income before income taxes |  |  | 9,619 |  |  |  | 3,367 |  |  |  | 20,135 |  |  |  | 7,942 |
Income tax provision |  |  | 1,524 |  |  |  | 629 |  |  |  | 3,987 |  |  |  | 1,757 |
Net income |  | $ | 8,095 |  |  | $ | 2,738 |  |  | $ | 16,148 |  |  | $ | 6,185 |
Earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.17 |  |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | 0.14 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.17 |  |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | 0.34 |  |  | $ | 0.14 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 46,367 |  |  |  | 43,743 |  |  |  | 45,174 |  |  |  | 43,683 |
Diluted |  |  | 49,056 |  |  |  | 45,016 |  |  |  | 47,692 |  |  |  | 44,695 |
Net income |  | $ | 8,095 |  |  | $ | 2,738 |  |  | $ | 16,148 |  |  | $ | 6,185 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | (1,269 | ) |  |  | (5,031 | ) |  |  | (3,160 | ) |  |  | (4,780 | )
Comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | 6,826 |  |  | $ | (2,293 | ) |  | $ | 12,988 |  |  | $ | 1,405 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
4
REPLIGEN CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited, amounts in thousands, except share data)

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 |
|  | Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Number of Shares |  |  | Par Value |  |  | Additional Paid- In Capital |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  |  | Accumulated Earnings (Deficit) |  |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity |
Balance at December 31, 2018 |  |  | 43,917,378 |  |  | $ | 439 |  |  | $ | 642,590 |  |  | $ | (11,893 | ) |  | $ | (15,568 | ) |  | $ | 615,568 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16,148 |  |  |  | 16,148 |
Issuance of common stock for debt conversion |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2 |
Exercise of stock options and releases of restricted stock |  |  | 245,263 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 563 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 566 |
Issuance of common stock pursuant to the acquisition of C Technologies, Inc. |  |  | 779,221 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 53,930 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 53,938 |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs of $0.5 million |  |  | 3,144,531 |  |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | 189,592 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 189,623 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,283 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,283 |
Translation adjustment |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,160 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,160 | )
Balance at June 30, 2019 |  |  | 48,086,422 |  |  | $ | 481 |  |  | $ | 892,960 |  |  | $ | (15,053 | ) |  | $ | 580 |  |  | $ | 878,968 |
|  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 |
|  | Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Number of Shares |  |  | Par Value |  |  | Additional Paid- In Capital |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  |  | Accumulated Earnings (Deficit) |  |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity |
Balance at March 31, 2019 |  |  | 44,073,998 |  |  | $ | 441 |  |  | $ | 645,883 |  |  | $ | (13,784 | ) |  | $ | (7,515 | ) |  | $ | 625,025 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,095 |  |  |  | 8,095 |
Issuance of common stock for debt conversion |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2 |
Exercise of stock options and releases of restricted stock |  |  | 88,643 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 522 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 523 |
Issuance of common stock pursuant to the acquisition of C Technologies, Inc. |  |  | 779,221 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 53,930 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 53,938 |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs of $0.5 million |  |  | 3,144,531 |  |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | 189,592 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 189,623 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,031 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,031 |
Translation adjustment |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,269 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,269 | )
Balance at June 30, 2019 |  |  | 48,086,422 |  |  | $ | 481 |  |  | $ | 892,960 |  |  | $ | (15,053 | ) |  | $ | 580 |  |  | $ | 878,968 |
|  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 |
|  | Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Number of Shares |  |  | Par Value |  |  | Additional Paid- In Capital |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  |  | Accumulated Deficit |  |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity |
Balance at December 31, 2017 |  |  | 43,587,079 |  |  | $ | 436 |  |  | $ | 628,983 |  |  | $ | (6,363 | ) |  | $ | (31,508 | ) |  | $ | 591,548 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,185 |  |  |  | 6,185 |
Issuance of common stock for debt conversion |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0 |
Exercise of stock options and releases of restricted stock |  |  | 211,491 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 1,488 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,490 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,893 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,893 |
Cumulative effect of accounting changes |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (677 | ) |  |  | (677 | )
Translation adjustment |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,780 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,780 | )
Balance at June 30, 2018 |  |  | 43,798,572 |  |  | $ | 438 |  |  | $ | 635,364 |  |  | $ | (11,143 | ) |  | $ | (26,000 | ) |  | $ | 598,659 |

5
REPLIGEN CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY - CONTINUED
(Unaudited
, amounts in thousands, except share data
)

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 |
|  | Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Number of Shares |  |  | Par Value |  |  | Additional Paid- In Capital |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  |  | Accumulated Deficit |  |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity |
Balance at March 31, 2018 |  |  | 43,692,303 |  |  | $ | 437 |  |  | $ | 631,595 |  |  | $ | (6,112 | ) |  | $ | (28,737 | ) |  | $ | 597,183 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,737 |  |  |  | 2,737 |
Issuance of common stock for debt conversion |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Exercise of stock options and releases of restricted stock |  |  | 106,269 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1,144 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,145 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,625 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,625 |
Translation adjustment |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5,031 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5,031 | )
Balance at June 30, 2018 |  |  | 43,798,572 |  |  | $ | 438 |  |  | $ | 635,364 |  |  | $ | (11,143 | ) |  | $ | (26,000 | ) |  | $ | 598,659 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
6
REPLIGEN CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited, amounts in thousands
)

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 16,148 |  |  | $ | 6,185 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 9,053 |  |  |  | 7,894 |
Non-cash interest expense |  |  | 2,231 |  |  |  | 2,089 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 6,283 |  |  |  | 4,893 |
Deferred tax expense |  |  | 889 |  |  |  | 325 |
Other |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 1 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding impact of acquisitions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  |  | (7,317 | ) |  |  | (4,788 | )
Royalties and other receivables |  |  | 114 |  |  |  | 60 |
Unbilled receivables |  |  | 2,142 |  |  |  | — |
Inventories |  |  | (4,137 | ) |  |  | (3,096 | )
Prepaid expenses and other assets |  |  | 114 |  |  |  | (144 | )
Operating lease right of use assets |  |  | 1,206 |  |  |  | — |
Other assets |  |  | (65 | ) |  |  | (1,241 | )
Accounts payable |  |  | 495 |  |  |  | (701 | )
Accrued expenses |  |  | 1,642 |  |  |  | (3,985 | )
Operating lease liability |  |  | (1,216 | ) |  |  | — |
Long-term liabilities |  |  | (8 | ) |  |  | 43 |
Total cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 27,577 |  |  |  | 7,535 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition of C Technologies, Inc., net of cash acquired |  |  | (182,176 | ) |  |  | — |
Additions to capitalized software costs |  |  | (3,282 | ) |  |  | — |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment |  |  | (5,847 | ) |  |  | (4,412 | )
Total cash used in investing activities |  |  | (191,305 | ) |  |  | (4,412 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercise of stock options |  |  | 566 |  |  |  | 1,490 |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net |  |  | 189,623 |  |  |  | — |
Repayment of senior convertible notes |  |  | (17 | ) |  |  | (11 | )
Total cash provided by financing activities |  |  | 190,172 |  |  |  | 1,479 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  | (2,449 | ) |  |  | (2,750 | )
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  | 23,995 |  |  |  | 1,852 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period |  |  | 193,822 |  |  |  | 173,759 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period |  | $ | 217,817 |  |  | $ | 175,611 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income taxes paid |  | $ | 2,705 |  |  | $ | 1,458 |
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value of common stock issued for acquisition of C Technologies, Inc. |  | $ | 53,938 |  |  | $ | — |
Non-cash effect of adoption of ASU 2016-16 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,609 |
Business Acquisitions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value of tangible assets acquired |  | $ | 30,756 |  |  | $ | — |
Fair value of accounts receivables |  |  | 3,044 |  |  |  | — |
Fair value of other assets |  |  | 3,929 |  |  |  | — |
Liabilities assumed |  |  | (35,326 | ) |  |  | — |
Fair value of stock issued |  |  | (53,938 | ) |  |  | — |
Cost in excess of fair value of assets acquired (goodwill) |  |  | 142,881 |  |  |  | — |
Acquired identifiable intangible assets |  |  | 90,830 |  |  |  | — |
Net cash paid for business acquisitions |  | $ | 182,176 |  |  | $ | — |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
7
REPLIGEN CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

1. | Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by Repligen Corporation (the “Company”, “Repligen” or “we”) in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), for Quarterly Reports on Form
10-Q
and Article 10 of Regulation S-X and do not include all of the information and footnote disclosures required by GAAP. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form
10-K
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Repligen Sweden AB, Repligen GmbH, Spectrum LifeSciences, LLC and its subsidiaries (“Spectrum,” acquired on August 1, 2017), C Technologies, Inc. (“C Technologies,” acquired on May 31, 2019), and Repligen Singapore Pte. Ltd. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of only normal, recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the entire year.
Recent Accounting Standards Updates
We consider the applicability and impact of all Accounting Standards Updates on our consolidated financial statements. Updates not listed below were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations. Recently issued Accounting Standards Updates which we feel may be applicable to us are as follows:
Recently Issued Accounting Standard Updates – Not Yet Adopted
In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. (“ASU”)
2018-13,
“Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure
Framework – Changes
to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.”
ASU
2018-13
includes amendments that aim to improve the effectiveness of fair value measurement disclosures. The amendments in this guidance modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements based on the concepts in FASB Concepts Statement,
“Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting
—
Chapter 8: Notes to Financial Statements
,
”
including the consideration of costs and benefits. The amendments become effective for the Company in the year ending December
31
,
2020
and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact that this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU
2018-15,
“Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract.”
ASU
2018-15
aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain
internal-use
software (and hosting arrangements that include an
internal-use
software license). The guidance also requires the entity to expense the capitalized implementation costs of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract over the term of the hosting arrangement, which includes reasonably certain renewals. The guidance becomes effective for the Company in the year ending December 31, 2020 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact that this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU
2018-18,
“Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808): Clarifying the Interaction between Topic 808 and Topic 606.”
ASU
2018-18
clarifies the interaction between Topic 808,
“Collaborative Arrangements,”
and Topic 606,
“Revenue from Contracts with Customers,”
by making targeted improvements to GAAP for collaborative arrangements and providing guidance on whether certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants should be accounted for with revenue under Topic 606. This includes improving comparability in the presentation of revenue for certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants by allowing presentation of the units of account in collaborative arrangements that are within
8
the scope of Topic 606 together with revenue accounted for under Topic 606. The guidance becomes effective for the Company in the year ending December 31, 2020 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact that this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Standard Updates – Adopted During the Period
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU
2016-02,
“Leases (Topic 842).”
ASU
2016-02,
along with subsequent ASUs issued to clarify certain provisions of ASU
2016-02
(collectively known as “ASC 842”), establishes a
right-of-use
(“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the consolidated balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Certain qualitative and quantitative disclosures are also required. The Company adopted ASU
2016-02
and related amendments on January 1, 2019 using an optional transition method allowed with the issuance of ASU
2018-11,
“Leases – Targeted Improvements (Topic 842),”
in July 2018. ASU
2018-11
gives entities the option to not provide comparative period financial statements and instead apply the transition requirements as of the effective date of the new standard. Pursuant to additional guidance under ASC 842, the Company also elected the optional package of practical expedients, which allowed the Company to not reassess: (i) whether expired or existing contracts contain leases; (ii) lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and (iii) initial direct costs for any existing leases. As a result, the consolidated balance sheet prior to January 1, 2019 was not restated, continues to be reported under ASC 840,
“Leases”,
which did not require the recognition of operating lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet, and is not comparative. Under ASC 842, all leases are required to be recorded on the balance sheet and are classified as either operating leases or finance leases, which is determined at the inception of the lease. The lease classification affects the expense recognition in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). The expense recognition for operating leases and finance leases under ASC 842 is substantially consistent with ASC 840. Therefore, there is no significant difference in our results of operations presented in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for each period presented. The Company also elected under the package of practical expedients, to combine lease and
non-lease
components and not to record leases with an initial term of 12 months or less on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company adopted ASC 842 using the optional transition method for all leases existing at January 1, 2019. The adoption had a substantial impact on our balance sheet. The most significant impact was the recognition of the operating lease ROU assets and lease liabilities for operating leases. Upon adoption, leases that were classified as operating leases under ASC 840 were classified as operating leases under ASC 842, and we recorded ROU assets of $17.0 million and lease liabilities of $21.0 million, before considering deferred taxes. The lease liability is based on the present value of the remaining minimum lease payments, determined under ASC 840, discounted using our incremental borrowing rate at the effective date January 1, 2019. The difference between the ROU assets and the lease liabilities is due to $4.0 million of unamortized lease incentives and deferred rent at the Company’s Marlborough and Waltham facilities as of December 31, 2018. There was no impact to our beginning retained earnings upon adoption of ASC 842. See Note 5,
“Leases,”
below for more information on the Company’s adoption of ASC 842.

2. | Fair Value Measurements

In determining the fair value of its assets and liabilities, the Company uses various valuation approaches. The Company employs a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the source of inputs as follows:

Level 1 – |  | Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access.
Level 2 – |  | Valuations based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active and models for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3 – |  | Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

The availability of observable inputs can vary among the various types of financial assets and liabilities. To the extent that the valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for financial statement disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the overall fair value measurement.
As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, cash and cash equivalents on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets included $118.4 million and $126.6 million, respectively, in a money market account. These funds are valued on a recurring basis using Level 1 inputs.
9
In May 2016, the Company issued $115.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes due June 1, 2021 (the “2016 Notes”). Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on December 1, 2016. As of June 30, 2019, the carrying value of the 2016 Notes was $105.7 million, net of unamortized discount, and the fair value of the 2016 Notes was $310.5 million. The fair value of the 2016 Notes is a Level 1 valuation and was determined based on the most recent trade activity of the 2016 Notes as of June 30, 2019. The 2016 Notes are discussed in more detail in Note 8,
“Convertible Senior Notes”
to these consolidated financial statements.
There were no remeasurements to fair value during the three months ended June 30, 2019 of financial assets and liabilities that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

3. | Acquisition of C Technologies, Inc.

On April 25, 2019, Repligen agreed to acquire C Technologies, pursuant to the terms of a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”), by and among Repligen, C Technologies and Craig Harrison, an individual and sole stockholder of C Technologies (such acquisition, the “C Technologies Acquisition”).
C Technologies’ business consists of two major product categories (i) biotechnology, or Biotech, and (ii) Legacy and Other. Through its Biotech category, C Technologies sells instruments, consumables and accessories that are designed to allow bioprocessing technicians to measure the protein concentration of a liquid sample using C Technologies’ Slope Spectroscopy method, which eliminates the need for manual sample dilution. C Technologies’ lead product, the SoloVPE instrument platform, was launched in 2008 for off-line and at-line protein concentration measurements conducted in quality control, process development and manufacturing labs in the production of biological therapeutics. C Technologies’ FlowVPE platform, an extension of the SoloVPE technology, was designed to allow end users to make in-line protein concentration measurements in filtration, chromatography and fill-finish applications, designed to allow for real-time process monitoring.
Consideration Transferred
The C Technologies Acquisition was accounted for as a purchase of a business under Accounting Standards Codification No. (“ASC”) 805,
“Business Combinations”
. The C Technologies Acquisition was funded through payment of approximately $195.0 million in cash, $186.0 million of which will be consideration transferred pursuant to ASC 805, and $9.0 million of which will be compensation expense for future employment, and 779,221 unregistered shares of the Company’s common stock totaling $53.9 million for a total purchase price of $239.9 million. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the assets of C Technologies were recorded as of the acquisition date, at their respective fair values, and consolidated with those of Repligen. The fair value of the net tangible assets acquired is estimated to be approximately $6.2 million, the fair value of the intangible assets acquired is estimated to be approximately $90.8 million, and the residual goodwill is estimated to be approximately $142.9 million. The estimated consideration and preliminary purchase price information has been prepared using a preliminary valuation. The final purchase price allocation will be completed upon closing of the transaction. The preparation of the valuation required the use of significant assumptions and estimates. Critical estimates included, but were not limited to, future expected cash flows, including projected revenues and expenses, and the applicable discount rates. These estimates were based on assumptions that Repligen believes to be reasonable. However, actual results may differ from these estimates.
Total consideration transferred is as follows (amounts in thousands):

Cash consideration |  | $ | 185,971 |
Equity consideration |  |  | 53,938 |
Fair value of net assets acquired |  | $ | 239,909 |

Acquisition related costs are not included as a component of consideration transferred but are expensed in the periods in which the costs are incurred. The Company incurred $3.5 million and $4.0 million in transaction costs for the three- and
six-
month periods ended June 30, 2019, respectively. The transaction costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). In connection with the transaction, an additional $9.0 million in cash will be due to employees based on their continued employment with the Company one year after the date of the close of the C Technologies Acquisition.
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Fair Value of Net Assets Acquired
The allocation of purchase price is based on the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date, based on the preliminary valuation. The Company obtains this information during due diligence and through other sources. In the months after closing, the Company may obtain additional information about these assets and liabilities as it learns more about C Technologies and will refine the estimates of fair value to more accurately allocate the purchase price. Only items identified as of the acquisition date are considered for subsequent adjustment. We will make appropriate adjustments to the purchase price allocation, if any, prior to the completion of the measurement period, which is up to one year from the acquisition date. The components and allocation of the purchase price consists of the following amounts (amounts in thousands):

Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 3,795 |
Restricted cash |  |  | 26,933 |
Accounts receivable |  |  | 3,044 |
Inventory |  |  | 3,783 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 93 |
Fixed assets |  |  | 40 |
Operating lease right of use asset |  |  | 3,836 |
Customer relationships |  |  | 59,680 |
Developed technology |  |  | 28,920 |
Trademark and tradename |  |  | 1,570 |
Non-competition agreements |  |  | 660 |
Goodwill |  |  | 142,881 |
Accounts payable |  |  | (436 | )
Accrued liabilities |  |  | (2,417 | )
Accrued bonus |  |  | (26,928 | )
Deferred revenue |  |  | (1,709 | )
Operating lease liability |  |  | (51 | )
Operating lease liability, long-term |  |  | (3,785 | )
Fair value of net assets acquired |  | $ | 239,909 |

Acquired Goodwill
The goodwill of $142.9 million represents future economic benefits expected to arise from synergies from combining operations and commercial organizations to increase market presence and the extension of existing customer relationships. Substantially all of the goodwill recorded is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.
Intangible Assets
The following table sets forth the components of the identified intangible assets associated with the C Technologies Acquisition and their estimated useful lives:

|  | Useful Life |  |  | Fair Value |
|  |  |  |  | (Amounts in thousands) |
Customer relationships |  |  | 17 years |  |  | $ | 59,680 |
Developed technology |  |  | 18 years |  |  |  | 28,920 |
Trademark and tradename |  |  | 20 years |  |  |  | 1,570 |
Non-competition agreements |  |  | 4 years |  |  |  | 660 |
|  |  |  |  |  | $ | 90,830 |

The preliminary purchase price allocation is subject to adjustment as purchase accounting is finalized. The final purchase price allocation will be determined upon completion of final valuation analysis, and the fair value allocation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed could differ materially from the preliminary valuation analysis. The final allocation may include, but not be limited to: (1) changes in the fair value of fixed assets, (2) changes in allocation to intangible assets such as tradenames, technology and customer relationships as well as goodwill and (3) other changes to assets and liabilities
.
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Revenue, Net Income and Pro Forma Presentation
The Company recorded revenue from C Technologies of $2.2 million and a net loss of $
1.5
million from May 31, 2019 to June 30, 2019. The Company has included the operating results of C Technologies in its consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) since the May 31, 2019 acquisition date. The following pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of Repligen and C Technologies as if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2018 after giving effect to certain pro forma adjustments. The pro forma adjustments reflected herein include only those adjustments that are directly attributable to the C Technologies Acquisition, factually supportable and have a recurring impact. These pro forma adjustments include a $2.2 million and a $2.7 million net increase in amortization expense in 2019 and 2018, respectively, to record amortization expense for the $90.8 million of acquired identifiable intangible assets, adjustments to stock-based compensation of $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively, for equity compensation issued to C Technologies employees and the income tax effect of the adjustments made at the statutory tax rate of the United States (approximately 25%). In addition, acquisition-related transaction costs of $4.0 million and a $1.2 million purchase accounting adjustment to record inventory at fair value were excluded from pro forma net income in 2019.
The pro forma financial information does not reflect any adjustments for anticipated expense savings resulting from the acquisition and is not necessarily indicative of the operating results that would have actually occurred had the transaction been consummated on January 1, 2018 or of future results:

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  | (Amounts in thousands, except per share data) |
Total revenue |  | $ | 140,515 |  |  | $ | 102,535 |
Net income |  | $ | 20,560 |  |  | $ | 8,060 |
Earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.46 |  |  | $ | 0.17 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.43 |  |  | $ | 0.17 |

Prior to the C Technologies Acquisition, C Technologies did not generate monthly or quarterly financial statements that were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

4. | Revenue Recognition

We generate revenue from the sale of bioprocessing products, equipment devices, and related consumables used with these equipment devices to customers in the life science and biopharmaceutical industries. Under ASC
606
,
“Revenue from Contracts with Customers,”
revenue is recognized when, or as, obligations under the terms of a contract are satisfied, which occurs when control of the promised products or services is transferred to customers.
Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  | (Amounts in thousands) |
Product revenue |  | $ | 70,670 |  |  | $ | 47,743 |  |  | $ | 131,282 |  |  | $ | 92,542 |
Royalty and other income |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | (12 | ) |  |  | 44 |  |  |  | 19 |
Total revenue |  | $ | 70,692 |  |  | $ | 47,731 |  |  | $ | 131,326 |  |  | $ | 92,561 |

When disaggregating revenue, the Company considered all of the economic factors that may affect its revenues. Because all of its revenues are from bioprocessing customers, there are no differences in the nature, timing and uncertainty of the Company’s revenues and cash flows from any of its product lines. However, given that the Company’s revenues are generated in different geographic regions, factors such as regulatory and geopolitical factors within those regions could impact the nature, timing and uncertainty of the Company’s revenues and cash flows. In addition, a significant portion of the Company’s revenues are generated from two customers; therefore, economic factors specific to these two customers could impact the nature, timing and uncertainty of the Company’s revenues and cash flows.
Disaggregated revenue from contracts with customers by geographic region can be found in Note 15,
“Segment Reporting,”
below.
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Revenue from significant customers is as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  | (Amounts in thousands) |
GE Healthcare |  | $ | 11,083 |  |  | $ | 6,777 |  |  | $ | 18,749 |  |  | $ | 14,510 |
MilliporeSigma |  | $ | 9,487 |  |  | $ | 8,679 |  |  | $ | 18,894 |  |  | $ | 15,390 |

Filtration Products
The Company’s filtration products generate revenue through the sale of KrosFlo
®
hollow fiber (“HF”) TFF membranes and modules, ProConnex
®
single-use flow path connectors, flat sheet TFF cassettes and hardware, and XCell
™
alternating tangential flow (“ATF”) devices and related consumables.
The Company markets the KrosFlo line of HF cartridges and TFF systems and the ProConnex line of
single-use
flow path connectors which were acquired as part of the acquisition of Spectrum LifeSciences, LLC (the “Spectrum Acquisition”). These products are used in the filtration, isolation, purification and concentration of biologics and diagnostic products. Sales of large-scale systems generally include components and consumables as well as training and installation services at the request of the customer. Because the initial sale of components and consumables are necessary for the operation of the system, such items are combined with the systems as a single performance obligation. Training and installation services do not significantly modify or customize these systems and therefore represent a distinct performance obligation.
The Company’s other filtration product offerings are not highly interdependent of one another and are therefore considered distinct products that represent separate performance obligations. Revenue on these products is generally recognized at a point in time upon transfer of control to the customer. The Company invoices the customer for the installation and training services in an amount that directly corresponds with the value to the customer of the Company’s performance to date; therefore, revenue recognized is based on the amount billable to the customer in accordance with the practical expedient under ASC
606-10-55-18.
The Company also markets flat sheet TFF cassettes and hardware. TFF is a rapid and efficient method for separation and purification of biomolecules that is widely used in laboratory, process development and process scale applications in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. The Company’s
single-use
SIUS
™
TFF cassettes and hardware are not highly interdependent of one another and are therefore considered distinct products that represent separate performance obligations. SIUS TFF product revenue is generally recognized at a point in time upon transfer of control to the customer.
The Company also markets the XCell
™
ATF System, a technologically advanced filtration device used in upstream processes to continuously remove cellular metabolic waste products during the course of a fermentation run, freeing healthy cells to continue producing the biologic drug of interest. ATF Systems typically include a filtration system and consumables (i.e., tube devices, metal stands) as well as training and installation services at the request of the customer. The filtration system and consumables are considered distinct products and therefore represent separate performance obligations. First time purchasers of the systems typically purchase a controller that is shipped with the tube device(s) and metal stand(s). The controller is not considered distinct as it is a proprietary product that is highly interdependent with the filtration system; therefore, the controller is combined with the filtration system and accounted for as a single performance obligation. The training and installation services do not significantly modify or customize the ATF system and therefore represent a distinct performance obligation. ATF system product revenue related to the filtration system (including the controller if applicable) and consumables is generally recognized at a point in time upon transfer of control to the customer. ATF system service revenue related to training and installation services is generally recognized over time, as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits as the Company performs. The Company invoices the customer for the installation and training services in an amount that directly corresponds with the value to the customer of the Company’s performance to date; therefore, revenue recognized is based on the amount billable to the customer in accordance with the practical expedient under ASC
606-10-55-18.
Chromatography Products
The Company’s chromatography products include a number of products used in the downstream purification and quality control of biological drugs. The majority of chromatography revenue relates to the OPUS
pre-packed
chromatography column line and Protein A chromatography resins. OPUS columns typically consist of the outer hardware of the column with a resin as ordered by the customer packed inside of the column. OPUS columns may also be ordered without the packed resin. In either scenario, the OPUS column and resin are not interdependent of one another and are therefore considered distinct products that represent separate performance obligations. Chromatography product revenue is generally recognized at a point in time upon transfer of control to the customer.
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Protein Products
The Company’s Protein product line generates revenue through the sale of Protein A ligands and growth factors. Protein A ligands are an essential component of Protein A chromatography resins (media) used in the purification of virtually all monoclonal antibody (“mAb”)-based drugs on the market or in development. The Company manufactures multiple forms of Protein A ligands under long-term supply agreements with major life sciences companies, who in turn sell their Protein A chromatography media to end users (biopharmaceutical manufacturers). The Company also manufactures growth factors for sale under long-term supply agreements with certain life sciences companies as well as direct sales to its customers. Each protein product is considered distinct and therefore represents a separate performance obligation. Protein product revenue is generally recognized at a point in time upon transfer of control to the customer.
Process Analytics Products
On May 31, 2019, the Company consummated its acquisition of C Technologies and added a fourth franchise, Process Analytics, to our bioprocessing business. The Process Analytics product line generates revenue primarily through the sale of the SoloVPE and FlowVPE systems and consumables. These products will complement and support our existing Filtration, Chromatography and Proteins franchises as they allow end users to make in-line protein concentration measurements in filtration, chromatography and fill-finish applications, designed to allow for real-time process monitoring.
Other Products
The Company’s other products include operating room products sold to hospitals. Other product revenue is generally recognized at a point in time upon transfer of control to the customer.
Transaction Price Allocated to Future Performance Obligations
Remaining performance obligations represents the transaction price of contracts for which work has not been performed or has been partially performed. The Company’s future performance obligations relate primarily to the installation and training of certain of its systems sold to customers. These performance obligations are completed within one year of receipt of a purchase order from its customers. Accordingly, the Company has elected to not disclose the value of these unsatisfied performance obligations as provided under ASC
606-10-50-14.
Contract Balances from Contracts with Customers
The following table provides information about receivables and deferred revenues from contracts with customers as of June 30, 2019 (amounts in thousands):

|  | 2019 |
Balances from contracts with customers only: |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  | $ | 43,045 |
Deferred revenue (included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets) |  |  | 3,728 |
Revenue recognized during the six-month period ending June 30, 2019 relating to: |  |  |  |
The beginning deferred revenue balance |  | $ | 1,668 |
Changes in pricing related to products or services satisfied in previous periods |  |  | — |

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in the accounts receivables and deferred revenue balances on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. There were
no
impairment losses recognized on receivables during the three and six months ended J
une 30, 2019.
A contract asset is created when the Company satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a promised good to the customer. Contract assets may represent conditional or unconditional rights to consideration. The right is conditional, and recorded as a contract asset, if the Company must first satisfy another performance obligation in the contract before it is entitled to payment from the customer. Contract assets are transferred to billed receivables once the right becomes unconditional. If the Company has the unconditional right to receive consideration from the customer, the contract asset is accounted for as a billed receivable and presented separately from other contract assets. A right is unconditional if nothing other than the passage of time is required before payment of that consideration is due.
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When consideration is received, or such consideration is unconditionally due, from a customer prior to transferring goods or services to the customer under the terms of a contract, a contract liability is recorded. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue after control of the products or services is transferred to the customer and all revenue recognition criteria have been met.
Costs to Obtain or Fulfill a Customer Contract
The Company’s sales commission structure is based on achieving revenue targets. The commissions are driven by revenue derived from customer purchase orders which are short term in nature.
Applying the practical expedient in paragraph 340-40-25-4, the Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. These costs are included in selling, general, and administrative expenses. When shipping and handling costs are incurred after a customer obtains control of the products, the Company accounts for these as costs to fulfill the promise and not as a separate performance obligation.

5. | Leases

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASC 842 using the optional transition method which allows entities to initially apply the lease accounting transition requirements at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance sheet of retained earnings in the period of adoption without restating comparative prior periods presented. The Company recorded operating lease right of use assets of $17.0 million and operating lease liabilities of $21.0 million as of January 1, 2019. The difference between the right of use assets and the lease liabilities was due to $4.0 million of unamortized lease incentives and deferred rent at the Company’s Waltham and Marlborough facilities as of December 31, 2018.
The Company is a lessee under leases of manufacturing facilities, office spaces, machinery, certain office equipment, vehicles and information technology equipment. A majority of the Company’s leases are operating leases with remaining lease terms between three months and 11 years. Finance leases are immaterial to our consolidated financial statements. The Company determines if an arrangement qualifies as a lease and what type of lease it is at inception. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new lease standard, which among other things, allowed it to continue to account for existing leases based on the historical lease classification. The Company also elected the practical expedients to combine lease and
non-lease
components and to exclude right of use assets and lease liabilities for leases with an initial term of 12 months or less from the balance sheet.
Some of the lease agreements the Company enters into include Company options to either extend and/or early terminate the lease, the costs of which are included in our operating lease liabilities to the extent that such options are reasonably certain of being exercised. Leases with renewal options allow the Company to extend the lease term typically between 1 and 5 years per option, some of its leases have multiple options to extend. When determining if a renewal option is reasonably certain of being exercised, the Company considers several economic factors, including but not limited to, the significance of leasehold improvements incurred on the property, whether the asset is difficult to replace, underlying contractual obligations, or specific characteristics unique to that particular lease that would make it reasonably certain that the Company would exercise such options.
As of June 30, 2019, operating lease right of use assets
were $
19.5
million and operating lease liabilities were
$
23.5
million.
During the second quarter of 2019 we added leases related to our acquisition of C Technologies on May 31, 2019 which resulted in an increase of right of use assets and lease liabilities of $3.8 million as of June 30, 2019. Amounts related to financing leases were immaterial. The maturity of the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of June 30, 2019 are as follows (amounts in thousands):

As of June 30, 2019 |  | Amount |
2019 (remaining six months) |  | $ | 2,010 |
2020 |  |  | 4,657 |
2021 |  |  | 4,572 |
2022 |  |  | 3,620 |
2023 |  |  | 2,654 |
2024 and thereafter |  |  | 10,945 |
Total future minimum lease payments |  |  | 28,458 |
Less amount of lease payment representing interest |  |  | 4,962 |
Total operating lease liabilities |  | $ | 23,496 |

15
Total operating lease liabilities is included on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2019 as follows (amounts in thousands):

|  | As of June 30, 2019 |
Operating lease liability |  | $ | 3,287 |
Operating lease liability, long-term |  |  | 20,209 |
Minimum operating lease payments |  | $ | 23,496 |

Lease expense for these leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, with variable lease payments recognized in the period those payments are incurred. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, total lease cost is comprised of the following:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
Lease Cost |  | June 30, 2019 |  |  | June 30, 2019 |
|  | (Amounts in thousands) |
Operating lease cost |  | $ | 982 |  |  | $ | 1,912 |
Variable operating lease cost |  |  | 379 |  |  |  | 660 |
Lease cost |  | $ | 1,361 |  |  | $ | 2,572 |

The following information represents supplemental disclosure for the consolidated statements of cash flows related to operating leases (amounts in thousands):

|  | Six Months Ended |
|  | June 30, 2019 |
Operating cash flows from operating leases |  | $ | (1,978 | )

Most of the leases do not provide implicit interest rates and therefore we determine the discount rate based on our incremental borrowing rate. The incremental borrowing rate for our leases is determined based on lease term and currency in which the lease payments are made.
The weighted average remaining lease term and the weighted average discount rate used to measure our operating lease liabilities as of June 30, 2019 were:

Weighted average remaining lease term (years) |  |  | 7.46 |
Weighted average discount rate |  |  | 4.74 | %

As previously disclosed in the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form
10-K
and under the previous lease accounting standard, ASC 840,
“Leases,”
the total commitment for
non-cancelable
operating leases was $18.0 million as of December 31, 2018 (amounts in thousands):

For the Years Ended December 31, |  | Amount |
2019 |  | $ | 4,021 |
2020 |  |  | 3,599 |
2021 |  |  | 3,263 |
2022 |  |  | 2,213 |
2023 |  |  | 1,316 |
2024 and thereafter |  |  | 3,622 |
Minimum operating lease payments |  | $ | 18,034 |

6. | Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill
Goodwill represents the difference between the purchase price and the estimated fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill acquired in a business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life is not amortized, but instead is tested for impairment at least annually in accordance with ASC 350. The following table represents the change in the carrying value of goodwill for the six months ended June 30, 2019 (amounts in thousands):

Balance as of December 31, 2018 |  | $ | 326,735 |
Cumulative translation adjustment |  |  | (106 | )
Acquisition of C Technologies, Inc. |  |  | 142,881 |
Balance as of June 30, 2019 |  | $ | 469,510 |

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During each of the fourth quarters of 2018, 2017 and 2016, we completed our annual impairment assessments and concluded that goodwill was not impaired in any of those years. The Company has not identified any “triggering” events which indicate an impairment of goodwill in the three months ended June 30, 2019.
Other Intangible Assets
Intangible assets, except for the ATF tradename, are amortized over their useful lives using the estimated economic benefit method, as applicable, and the amortization expense is recorded within selling, general and administrative expense in the Company’s statements of comprehensive income (loss). The Company reviews its indefinite-lived intangible assets not subject to amortization, including the ATF tradename, to determine if adverse conditions exist or a change in circumstances exists that would indicate an impairment. Intangible assets and their related useful lives are reviewed at least annually to determine if any adverse conditions exist that would indicate the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. More frequent impairment assessments are conducted if certain conditions exist, including a change in the competitive landscape, any internal decisions to pursue new or different technology strategies, a loss of a significant customer, or a significant change in the marketplace, including changes in the prices paid for our products or changes in the size of the market for our products. An impairment results if the carrying value of the asset exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset. If the estimate of an intangible asset’s remaining useful life is changed, the remaining carrying amount of the intangible asset is amortized prospectively over the revised remaining useful life. The Company continues to believe that its intangible assets are recoverable at June 30, 2019.
Intangible assets, net consisted of the following at June 30, 2019:

|  | June 30, 2019 |
|  | Gross Carrying Value |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  | Net Carrying Value |  |  | Weighted Average Useful Life (in years) |
|  | (Amounts in thousands) |  |  |  |  |
Finite-lived intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Technology - developed |  | $ | 82,202 |  |  | $ | (7,476 | ) |  | $ | 74,726 |  |  |  | 19 |
Patents |  |  | 240 |  |  |  | (240 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8 |
Customer relationships |  |  | 160,931 |  |  |  | (20,382 | ) |  |  | 140,549 |  |  |  | 15 |
Trademarks |  |  | 3,730 |  |  |  | (222 | ) |  |  | 3,508 |  |  |  | 20 |
Other intangibles |  |  | 1,720 |  |  |  | (722 | ) |  |  | 998 |  |  |  | 3 |
Total finite-lived intangible assets |  |  | 248,823 |  |  |  | (29,042 | ) |  |  | 219,781 |  |  |  | 16 |
Indefinite-lived intangible asset: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trademarks |  |  | 700 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 700 |  |  |  | — |
Total intangible assets |  | $ | 249,523 |  |  | $ | (29,042 | ) |  | $ | 220,481 |  |  |  |  |

17
Intangible assets consisted of the following at December 31, 2018:

|  | December 31, 2018 |
|  | Gross Carrying Value |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  | Net Carrying Value |  |  | Weighted Average Useful Life (in years) |
|  | (Amounts in thousands) |  |  |  |  |
Finite-lived intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Technology - developed |  | $ | 53,315 |  |  | $ | (5,942 | ) |  | $ | 47,373 |  |  |  | 19 |
Patents |  |  | 240 |  |  |  | (240 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8 |
Customer relationships |  |  | 101,460 |  |  |  | (16,609 | ) |  |  | 84,851 |  |  |  | 14 |
Trademarks |  |  | 2,160 |  |  |  | (159 | ) |  |  | 2,001 |  |  |  | 20 |
Other intangibles |  |  | 1,061 |  |  |  | (548 | ) |  |  | 513 |  |  |  | 3 |
Total finite-lived intangible assets |  |  | 158,236 |  |  |  | (23,498 | ) |  |  | 134,738 |  |  |  | 16 |
Indefinite-lived intangible asset: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trademarks |  |  | 700 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 700 |  |  |  | — |
Total intangible assets |  | $ | 158,936 |  |  | $ | (23,498 | ) |  | $ | 135,438 |  |  |  |  |

The increase in intangible assets during 2019 is related to the acquisition of C Technologies on May 31, 2019. See Note 3,
“Acquisition of C Technologies, Inc.”
for more information.
Amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets was $3.1 million and $2.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets was $5.7 million and $5.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of June 30, 2019, the Company expects to record the following amortization expense (amounts in thousands):

|  | Estimated |
|  | Amortization |
Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Expense |
2019 (remaining six months) |  | $ | 8,306 |
2020 |  |  | 15,167 |
2021 |  |  | 14,656 |
2022 |  |  | 14,654 |
2023 |  |  | 14,654 |
2024 and thereafter |  |  | 152,344 |
Total |  | $ | 219,781 |

7. | Consolidated Balance Sheet Detail

Inventories, net
Inventories, net consists of the following:

|  | As of |
|  | June 30, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  | (Amounts in thousands) |
Raw materials |  | $ | 32,373 |  |  | $ | 24,937 |
Work-in-process |  |  | 5,866 |  |  |  | 5,185 |
Finished products |  |  | 13,036 |  |  |  | 12,141 |
Total inventories, net |  | $ | 51,275 |  |  | $ | 42,263 |

1
8
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment consist of the following:

|  | As of |
|  | June 30, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  | (Amounts in thousands) |
Land |  | $ | 1,023 |  |  | $ | 1,023 |
Buildings |  |  | 764 |  |  |  | 764 |
Leasehold improvements |  |  | 22,936 |  |  |  | 16,259 |
Equipment |  |  | 30,495 |  |  |  | 24,092 |
Furniture and fixtures |  |  | 6,941 |  |  |  | 5,448 |
Construction in progress (1) |  |  | 7,343 |  |  |  | 12,906 |
Other |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | — |
Total property, plant and equipment |  |  | 69,552 |  |  |  | 60,492 |
Less - Accumulated depreciation |  |  | (31,427 | ) |  |  | (28,312 | )
Total property, plant and equipment, net |  | $ | 38,125 |  |  | $ | 32,180 |

| (1) | Construction in progress as of June 30, 2019 includes $5.6 million in capitalized internal-use software development costs and $0.3 million in manufacturing improvements at our Rancho Dominguez facility among other projects. Construction in progress as of December 31, 2018 included $7.3 million for the buildout of our Marlborough facility, which was put into service and began depreciating on January 1, 2019, $2.1 million in capitalized internal-use software development costs and $2.1 million for a casting machine, among other projects.

Depreciation expenses totaled $1.8 million and $1.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Depreciation expenses totaled $3.3 million and $2.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities consist of the following:

|  | As of |
|  | June 30, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  | (Amounts in thousands) |
Employee compensation |  | $ | 10,487 |  |  | $ | 9,953 |
Taxes |  |  | 2,353 |  |  |  | 1,024 |
Royalty and license fees |  |  | 163 |  |  |  | 242 |
Accrued purchases |  |  | 407 |  |  |  | 683 |
Warranties |  |  | 796 |  |  |  | 546 |
Professional fees |  |  | 807 |  |  |  | 942 |
Deferred revenue |  |  | 3,728 |  |  |  | 1,290 |
Other |  |  | 1,877 |  |  |  | 1,185 |
Total accrued liabilities |  | $ | 20,618 |  |  | $ | 15,865 |

8. | Convertible Senior Notes

The carrying value of the Company’s convertible senior notes is as follows:

|  | As of |
|  | June 30, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  | (Amounts in thousands) |
2.125% convertible senior notes due 2021: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Principal amount |  | $ | 114,972 |  |  | $ | 114,989 |
Unamortized debt discount |  |  | (7,882 | ) |  |  | (9,781 | )
Unamortized debt issuance costs |  |  | (1,386 | ) |  |  | (1,720 | )
Total convertible senior notes |  | $ | 105,704 |  |  | $ | 103,488 |

On May 24, 2016, the Company issued $115.0
million aggregate principal amount of its 2016 Notes. The net proceeds from the sale of the 2016 Notes, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and other related offering expenses,
were $111.1 million.
The 2016 Notes bear interest at the rate
of 2.125% per annum, payable
semiannually
in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning
December 1, 2016
.
19
The 2016 Notes will mature on
June 1, 2021
,
unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted in accordance with their terms. Prior to March 1, 2021, the 2016 Notes will be convertible at the option of holders of the 2016 Notes only upon satisfaction of certain conditions and during certain periods, and thereafter, the 2016 Notes will be convertible at any time until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date. Upon conversion, holders of the 2016 Notes will receive shares of the Company’s common stock, cash or a combination thereof, at the Company’s election. It is the Company’s current intent and policy to settle all conversions through combination settlement, which involves satisfying the principal amount outstanding with cash and any note conversion value over the principal amount in shares of the Company’s common stock. On July 19, 2019, the Company exchanged, with a limited number of holders in privately negotiated transactions, $
92.0
million aggregate principal amount of the existing 2016 Notes for a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock. For more information on this transaction, see Note 16,
“Subsequent Events – Exchange and Redemption of 2016 Notes,”
below.
2016 Notes with a par value of $17,000 were submitted for conversion in the first quarter of 2019, and the conversion was settled in the second quarter. 2016 Notes with a par value of $11,000 were submitted for conversion in the fourth quarter of 2017, and this conversion was settled in the first quarter of 2018. The conversions resulted in the issuance of a nominal-amount of shares of the Company’s common stock, and the Company recorded a loss on conversion of these notes of approximately $3,000 in the second quarter of 2019 and $1,000 in the first quarter of 2018 in their consolidated statements of comprehensive
income (loss).
During the second quarter of 2019, the closing price of the Company’s common stock continued to exceed 130% of the conversion price of the 2016 Notes for more than 20 trading days of the last 30 consecutive trading days of the quarter. As a result, the 2016 Notes are convertible at the option of the holders of the 2016 Notes during the third quarter of 2019, the quarter immediately following the quarter when the conditions were met, as stated in the terms of the 2016 Notes. These terms have been met each quarter since the second quarter of 2018 and, expecting to continue meeting these terms, the Company continues to classify the carrying value of the 2016 Notes as a current liability on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2019. As of June 30, 2019, the
if-converted
value of the 2016 Notes exceeded the aggregate principal amount by $195.5 million. As mentioned above, $17,000 par value notes were submitted for conversion at the end of the first quarter of 2019 and settled during the second quarter. In the event the closing price conditions are met in the third quarter of 2019 or a future fiscal quarter, the 2016 Notes will be convertible at a holder’s option during the immediately following fiscal quarter.
The conversion rate for the 2016 Notes will initially be 31.1813 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2016 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of $32.07 per common share, and is subject to adjustment under the terms of the 2016 Notes. Holders of the 2016 Notes may require the Company to repurchase their 2016 Notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change prior to maturity for cash at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2016 Notes to be repurchased plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the repurchase date.
Subsequent to June 5, 2019, the Company has had the ability to redeem the 2016 Notes, at its option, in whole or in part, on any business day prior to the maturity date if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides written notice of redemption. The redemption price will be equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2016 Notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date.
The 2016 Notes contain customary terms and events of default. If an event of default (other than certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization involving the Company) occurs and is continuing, the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding 2016 Notes may declare 100% of the principal of, and any accrued and unpaid interest on, all of the 2016 Notes to be due and payable. Upon the occurrence of certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization involving the Company, 100% of the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all of the 2016 Notes will become due and payable automatically. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the 2016 Notes provide that, to the extent the Company elects and for up to 270 days, the sole remedy for an event of default relating to certain failures by the Company to comply with certain reporting covenants consist exclusively of the right to receive additional interest on the 2016 Notes. The Company is not aware of any events of default, current events or market conditions that would allow holders to call or convert the 2016 Notes as of June 30, 2019.
The cash conversion feature of the 2016 Notes required bifurcation from the 2016 Notes and was initially accounted for as an equity instrument classified to stockholders’ equity, as the conversion feature was determined to be clearly and closely related to the Company’s stock. Based on market data available for publicly traded, senior, unsecured corporate bonds issued by companies in the same industry and asset base and with similar maturity, the Company estimated the implied interest rate, assuming no conversion option. Assumptions used in the estimate represent what market participants would use in pricing the liability component, including market interest rates, credit standing, and yield curves, all of which are defined as Level 2 observable inputs. The estimated implied interest rate was applied to the 2016 Notes, which resulted in a fair value of the liability component of $96.3 million upon issuance, calculated as the present value of implied future payments based on the $115 million aggregate principal amount. The equity component of the 2016 Notes was recognized as a debt discount, recorded in additional
paid-in
capital, and represents the difference
20
between the aggregate principal of the 2016 Notes and the fair value of the 2016 Notes without conversion option on their issuance date. The debt discount is amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over five years, or the life of the 2016 Notes. The Company assesses the equity classification of the cash conversion feature quarterly, and it is not re-measured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification.
Interest expense recognized on the 2016 Notes for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was
$0.6 million, $1.0 million and $0.2
million for the contractual coupon interest, the accretion of the debt discount and the amortization of the debt issuance costs, respectively. Interest expense recognized on the 2016 Notes for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was
$1.2 million, $1.9 million and $0.3
million for the contractual coupon interest, the accretion of the debt discount and the amortization of the debt issuance costs, respectively. The effective interest rate on the 2016 Notes is
6.6%,
which included the interest on the 2016 Notes, amortization of the debt discount and debt issuance costs. As of June 30, 2019, the carrying value of the 2016 Notes was
$115.0 million
and the fair value of the principal was
$310.5 million.
The fair value of the 2016 Notes was determined based on the most recent trade activity of the 2016 Notes as of June 30, 2019.

9. | Stockholders’ Equity

Public Offering of Common Stock
On May 3, 2019, the Company completed a public offering in which 3,144,531
shares of its common stock, which includes the underwriters’ exercise in full of an option to purchase up to an additional
410,156 s
hares, were sold to the public at a price
of $64.00 per share.
The total proceeds received by the Company from this offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and other estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, totaled approximately
$189.6 million.
Stock Option and Incentive Plans
At our 2018 annual meeting of shareholders held on May 16, 2018, our shareholders approved the 2018 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”). Under the 2018 Plan the number of shares of our common stock that are reserved and available for issuance is 2,778,000 plus the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under our Amended and Restated 2012 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2012 Plan”). The shares of common stock underlying any awards under the 2018 Plan, 2012 Plan and the Second Amended and Restated 2001 Repligen Corporation Stock Plan (the “2001 Plan,” and together with the 2018 Plan and 2012 Plan, the “Plans”) that are forfeited, canceled or otherwise terminated (other than by exercise) shall be added back to the shares of stock available for issuance under the 2018 Plan. At June 30, 2019, 2,596,600 shares were available for future grant under the 2018 Plan.
Stock-Based Compensation
For the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $3.0 million and $2.6 million, respectively, for share-based awards granted under the Plans. The Company recorded stock-based compensation
expense of $6.3 million and $4.9 million for the
six-month
periods ended June 30, 2019 and 2018. The following table presents stock-based compensation expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss):

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  | (Amounts in thousands) |
Cost of product revenue |  | $ | 292 |  |  | $ | 234 |  |  | $ | 616 |  |  | $ | 500 |
Research and development |  |  | 319 |  |  |  | 227 |  |  |  | 641 |  |  |  | 397 |
Selling, general and administrative |  |  | 2,420 |  |  |  | 2,164 |  |  |  | 5,026 |  |  |  | 3,996 |
Total stock-based compensation |  | $ | 3,031 |  |  | $ | 2,625 |  |  | $ | 6,283 |  |  | $ | 4,893 |

The 2018 Plan allows for the granting of incentive and nonqualified options to purchase shares of common stock, restricted stock and other equity awards. Employee grants under the Plans generally vest over a
three
-to
five-year
period, with
20%-33%
vesting on the first anniversary of the date of grant and the remainder vesting in equal yearly installments thereafter. Nonqualified options issued to non-employee directors and consultants under the Plans generally vest over
one year
. In the first quarter of 2018, to create a longer-term retention incentive, the Company’s Compensation Committee granted long-term incentive compensation awards to its Chief Executive Officer consisting of both stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) that are subject to time-based vesting over
nine years
. Options granted under the Plans have a maximum term of
ten years
from the date of grant and generally, the exercise price of the stock options equals the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. At June 30, 2019, options to purchase 985,266 shares and 766,986 RSUs were outstanding under the Plans.
The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the fair value of stock option awards on the grant date, and the Company uses the value of the common stock as of the grant date to value RSUs. The Company measures stock-based
21
compensation cost at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award. The Company recognizes expense on awards with service-based vesting over the employee’s requisite service period on a straight-line basis. In the third quarter of 2017, the Company issued performance stock units to certain employees related to the Spectrum Acquisition which were tied to the achievement of certain 2018 revenue and gross margin metrics and the passage of time. Additionally, in the first quarter of 2018 and again in the first quarter of 2019, the Company issued performance stock units to certain individuals which are tied to the achievement of certain annual revenue and return on invested capital metrics. The Company recognizes expense on performance-based awards over the vesting period based on the probability that the performance metrics will be achieved. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense for options that are ultimately expected to vest, and accordingly, such compensation expense has been adjusted for estimated forfeitures.
Information regarding option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2019 under the Plans is summarized below:

|  | Shares |  |  | Weighted average exercise price |  |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (in Years) |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in Thousands) |
Options outstanding at December 31, 2018 |  |  | 998,226 |  |  | $ | 27.54 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Granted |  |  | 44,996 |  |  | $ | 61.98 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  | (57,956 | ) |  | $ | 9.75 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited/expired/cancelled |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Options outstanding at June 30, 2019 |  |  | 985,266 |  |  | $ | 30.16 |  |  |  | 7.13 |  |  | $ | 54,971 |
Options exercisable at June 30, 2019 |  |  | 521,884 |  |  | $ | 23.80 |  |  |  | 5.85 |  |  | $ | 32,437 |
Vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2019 (1) |  |  | 945,981 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7.07 |  |  | $ | 53,042 |

(1) | Represents the number of vested options as of June 30, 2019 plus the number of unvested options expected to vest as of June 30, 2019 based on the unvested outstanding options at June 30, 2019 adjusted for estimated forfeiture rates of 8% for awards granted to non-executive level employees and 3% for awards granted to executive level employees.

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total
pre-tax
intrinsic value (the difference between the closing price of the common stock on June 28, 2019, the last business day of the second quarter of 2019, of $85.95 per share and the exercise price of each
in-the-money
option) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on June 30, 2019. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was $3.6 million and $2.4 million, respectively.
The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was $30.07 and $18.41, respectively. The total fair value of stock options that vested during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was $2.7 million and $1.8 million, respectively.
Information regarding RSU activity for the six months ended June 30, 2019 under the Plans is summarized below:

|  | Shares |  |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (in Years) |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in Thousands) |
Unvested at December 31, 2018 |  |  | 707,413 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Awarded |  |  | 266,329 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vested |  |  | (187,617 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited/expired/cancelled |  |  | (19,139 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unvested at June 30, 2019 |  |  | 766,986 |  |  |  | 3.85 |  |  | $ | 65,922 |

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total
pre-tax
intrinsic value (equal to the closing price of the common stock on June 28, 2019, the last business day of the second quarter of 2019, of $85.95 per share, as RSUs do not have an exercise price) that would have been received by the RSU holders had all holders exercised on June 30, 2019. The aggregate intrinsic value of RSUs vested during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was $11.7 million and $4.2 million, respectively.
22
The weighted average grant date fair value of RSUs vested during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was $31.97 and $34.47, respectively. The total fair value of RSUs that vested during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was $6.0 million and $3.3 million, respectively.
As of June 30, 2019, there was $38.7 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested share-based awards. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average remaining requisite service period of 4.15 years. The Company expects 1,672,980 unvested options and RSUs to vest over the next
five years
.

10. | Commitments and Contingencies

Lease Commitments
In May 2019, the Company entered into a fifth amendment of the existing lease to expand the rented space from approximately 76,000 square feet to approximately 108,000 square feet at 41 Seyon Street, Waltham, Massachusetts, the Company’s corporate headquarters and primary location for all manufacturing, research and development, sales and marketing and administrative operations. The Company expects to be completely moved into the new space by the beginning of 2020. Under the terms of the fifth amendment lease, the initial fixed rental rate is $29.00 per square foot, per annum, of the additional square footage (approximately 32,000 square feet) and will increase at a rate of $1.00 per annum.
Licensing and Research Agreements
The Company licenses certain technologies that are, or may be, incorporated into its technology under several agreements and also has entered into several clinical research agreements which require the Company to fund certain research projects. Generally, the license agreements require the Company to pay annual maintenance fees and royalties on product sales once a product has been established using the technologies. Research and development expenses associated with license agreements were immaterial amounts for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.
In September 2018, we entered into a collaboration agreement with Sartorius Stedim Biotech, a leading international supplier for the biopharmaceutical industry, to integrate XCell
™
ATF cell retention control technology into Sartorius’s BIOSTAT
®
STR large-scale,
single-use
bioreactors to create novel perfusion-enabled bioreactors. As a result of this collaboration,
end-users
will stand to benefit from a single control system for 50L to 2,000L bioreactors used in perfusion cell culture applications. The single interface is designed to control cell growth, fluid management and cell retention in continuous and intensified bioprocessing and, ultimately, simplify the development and manufacture of biotechnological drugs under current good manufacturing practices.
In June 2018, we secured an agreement with Navigo for the exclusive
co-development
of multiple affinity ligands for which Repligen holds commercialization rights. We are manufacturing and have agreed to supply the first of these ligands,
NGL-Impact
™
A, exclusively to Purolite Life Sciences (“Purolite”), who will pair our high-performance ligand with Purolite’s agarose jetting base bead technology used in their Jetted A50 Protein A resin product. We also signed a long-term supply agreement with Purolite for
NGL-Impact
A and other potential additional affinity ligands that may advance from our Navigo collaboration. The Navigo and Purolite agreements are supportive of our strategy to secure and reinforce our proteins business. We made payments to Navigo of $2.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2018 in connection with this program, which were recorded to research and development expenses in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

11. | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following shows the changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the six months ended June 30, 2019 which consisted of only foreign currency translation adjustments for the periods shown (amounts in thousands):

|  | Foreign |
|  | Currency |
|  | Translation |
|  | Adjustment |
Balance as of December 31, 2018 |  | $ | (11,893 | )
Other comprehensive loss |  |  | (3,160 | )
Balance as of June 30, 2019 |  | $ | (15,053 | )

12. | Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three- and
six-month
periods ended June 30, 2019 was 15.8% and 19.8%, respectively, compared to 18.7% and 22.1% for the corresponding periods in the prior year. The effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was lower than the U.S. statutory rate of 21% due primarily to windfall benefits on stock option exercises and the vesting of RSUs.
23
ASU
2016-16,
“Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory,”
requires the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory to be recognized when the intra-entity transfer occurs rather than deferring recognition of income tax consequences until the transfer was made with an outside party. The Company adopted the provisions of this ASU in the first quarter of 2018. The adoption resulted in a decrease of $5.7 million to other assets, a decrease of $5.0 million to deferred tax liabilities and a decrease of $0.7 million to accumulated deficit at January 1, 2018.
At December 31, 2018, the Company had federal business tax credit carryforwards of $2.9 million and state business tax credit carryforwards of $0.4 million available to reduce future domestic income taxes, if any. The business tax credits carryforwards will expire
at various dates through December 2038
. The net operating loss and business tax credit carryforwards are subject to review and possible adjustment by the Internal Revenue Service and may be limited in the event of certain changes in the ownership interest of significant stockholders.
On December 22, 2017, President Trump signed into law the Act. The Act made significant changes to federal tax law, including, but not limited to, a reduction in the federal income tax rate from 35% to 21%, taxation of certain global intangible
low-taxed
income, allowing for immediate expensing of qualified assets, stricter limits on deductions for interest and certain executive compensation, and a one-time transition tax on previously deferred earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries.
In December 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 to address the application of GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of H.R.1. The Company recognized the provisional tax impacts related to deemed repatriated earnings and the revaluation of deferred tax assets and liabilities and included these amounts in its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017. During 2018, final adjustments noted below were made to the provisional amounts recorded during 2017, and the Company completed its accounting for various tax impacts of the Act.
The Act lowered the Company’s U.S. statutory federal tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. The Company recorded a tax benefit of $12.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2017 for the reduction in its US deferred tax assets and liabilities resulting from the rate change. The accounting for this item is complete and no adjustments were made to this amount during 2018.
The Act included a
one-time
deemed repatriation transition tax whereby entities that are shareholders of a specified foreign corporation must include in gross income the undistributed and previously untaxed post-1986 earnings and profits of the specified foreign corporation. The Company’s provisional amount recorded at December 31, 2017 increased its tax provision by $3.3 million. As of December 31, 2018, the accounting for this item was complete and the Company recorded a tax benefit of $1.3 million as a result of refining our calculations of post-1986 earnings and profits for our foreign subsidiaries.
The Company is subject to a territorial tax system under the Act, in which the Company is required to provide for tax on GILTI earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. The Company has adopted an accounting policy to provide for the tax expense related to GILTI in the year the tax is incurred as a period expense.
The Company’s tax returns are subject to examination by federal, state and international tax authorities for the following periods:

Jurisdiction |  | Fiscal Years Subject to Examination |
United States - federal and state |  |  | 2015-2018 |
Sweden |  |  | 2012-2018 |
Germany |  |  | 2017-2018 |
Netherlands |  |  | 2012-2018 |

13. | Earnings Per Share

The Company reports earnings per share in accordance with ASC 260,
“Earnings Per Share,”
which establishes standards for computing and presenting earnings per share. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive common share equivalents then outstanding. Potential common share equivalents consist of restricted stock awards and the incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options. Under the treasury stock method, unexercised
“in-the-
24
money”
stock options and warrants are assumed to be exercised at the beginning of the period or at issuance, if later. The assumed proceeds are then used to purchase common shares at the average market price during the period. Share-based payment awards that entitle their holders to receive
non-forfeitable
dividends before vesting are considered participating securities and are considered in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share. There were no such participating securities outstanding during the three-month periods ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  | (Amounts in thousands, except per share data) |
Net income |  | $ | 8,095 |  |  | $ | 2,738 |  |  | $ | 16,148 |  |  | $ | 6,185 |
Weighted average shares used in computing net income per share - basic |  |  | 46,367 |  |  |  | 43,743 |  |  |  | 45,174 |  |  |  | 43,683 |
Effect of dilutive shares: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock options and restricted stock awards |  |  | 791 |  |  |  | 481 |  |  |  | 760 |  |  |  | 434 |
Convertible senior notes |  |  | 1,898 |  |  |  | 792 |  |  |  | 1,758 |  |  |  | 578 |
Dilutive potential common shares |  |  | 2,689 |  |  |  | 1,273 |  |  |  | 2,518 |  |  |  | 1,012 |
Weighted average shares used in computing net income per share - diluted |  |  | 49,056 |  |  |  | 45,016 |  |  |  | 47,692 |  |  |  | 44,695 |
Earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.17 |  |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | 0.14 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.17 |  |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | 0.34 |  |  | $ | 0.14 |

At June 30, 2019, there were outstanding options to purchase 985,266 shares of the Company’s common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $30.16 per share and 766,986 shares of common stock issuable upon the vesting of RSUs. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, 119,026 and
180,160
options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise prices of the stock options were greater than or equal to the average price of the common shares and were therefore anti-dilutive.
At June 30, 2018, there were outstanding options to purchase 1,058,834 shares of the Company’s common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $26.72 per share and 716,996 shares issuable upon the vesting of RSUs. For the three- and
six-
month periods ended June 30, 2018, 551,012 and 615,930 options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise prices of the stock options were greater than or equal to the average price of the common shares and were therefore anti-dilutive.
As provided by the terms of the indenture underlying the 2016 Notes, the Company has a choice to settle the conversion obligation for the 2016 Notes in cash, shares or any combination of the two. The Company currently intends to settle the par value of the 2016 Notes in cash and any excess conversion premium in shares. The Company applies the provisions of ASC 260,
“Earnings Per Share”,
Subsection 10-45-44, to determine the diluted weighted average shares outstanding as it relates to the conversion spread on the 2016 Notes. Accordingly, the par value of the 2016 Notes is not included in the calculation of diluted income per share, but the dilutive effect of the conversion premium is considered in the calculation of diluted net income per share using the treasury stock method. The dilutive impact of the 2016 Notes is based on the difference between the Company’s current period average stock price and the conversion price of the 2016 Notes, provided there is a premium. Pursuant to this accounting standard, there is no dilution from the accreted principal of the 2016 Notes for the periods shown.

14. | Related Party Transactions

Certain facilities leased by Spectrum LifeSciences, LLC (“Spe
ctrum”) are owned by the former owner of Spectrum.
The former owner held greater than 10% of the Company’s outstanding common stock until the Company completed its public offering of 3,144,531 shares of its common stock on May 3, 2019.
The lease amounts paid to this former owner and current shareholder were negotiated in connection with the Spectrum Acquisition. The Company has incurred rent expense totaling $
0.4
million for the six months ended June
30
,
2019
related to these leases.
As part of the Spectrum Acquisition, the Company was responsible for filing all tax returns for Spectrum for the period from January
1
,
2017
through July
31
,
2017
, the day before the Spectrum Acquisition. The Company was responsible for collecting any tax refunds from federal and state authorities and remitting these refunds to the former shareholders of Spectrum, including the former owner of Spectrum who held greater than 10% of the Company’s outstanding common stock
prior to May 3, 2019.
During
2018
, the Company collected $
1.7
million of these tax refunds, which the Company paid to the Spectrum shareholders during the fourth quarter of
2018
, net of $
0.2
million of expenses paid by the Company on behalf of Spectrum for tax preparation and other fees.
25

15. | Segment Reporting

The Company views its operations, makes decisions regarding how to allocate resources and manages its business as one operating segment. As a result, the financial information disclosed herein represents all of the material financial information related to the Company’s sole operating segment.
Revenue from filtration products includes our XCell ATF Systems and consumables as well as our KrosFlo and SIUS filtration products. Revenue from chromatography products includes our OPUS and OPUS PD chromatography columns, chromatography resins and ELISA test kits. Revenue from protein products includes our Protein A ligands and cell culture growth factors. Revenue from our process analytics products includes the sale of our SoloVPE and FlowVPE systems and consumables. Other revenue primarily consists of revenue from the sale of operating room products to hospitals as well as freight revenue.
The following table represents the Company’s total revenue by geographic area (based on the location of the customer):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Revenue by customers’ geographic locations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North America |  |  | 51 | % |  |  | 47 | % |  |  | 49 | % |  |  | 46 | %
Europe |  |  | 38 | % |  |  | 41 | % |  |  | 39 | % |  |  | 42 | %
APAC |  |  | 11 | % |  |  | 12 | % |  |  | 12 | % |  |  | 12 | %
Total revenue |  |  | 100 | % |  |  | 100 | % |  |  | 100 | % |  |  | 100 | %

Concentrations of Credit Risk and Significant Customers
Financial instruments that subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and accounts receivable. Per the Company’s investment policy, cash equivalents and marketable securities are invested in financial instruments with high credit ratings and credit exposure to any one issue, issuer (with the exception of U.S. treasury obligations) and type of instrument is limited. At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had no investments associated with foreign exchange contracts, options contracts or other foreign hedging arrangements.
Concentration of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is limited to customers to whom the Company makes significant sales. While a reserve for the potential
write-off
of accounts receivable is maintained, the Company has not written off any significant accounts to date. To control credit risk, the Company performs regular credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition.
Revenue from significant customers as a percentage of the Company’s total revenue is as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
GE Healthcare |  |  | 16 | % |  |  | 14 | % |  |  | 14 | % |  |  | 16 | %
MilliporeSigma |  |  | 13 | % |  |  | 18 | % |  |  | 14 | % |  |  | 17 | %

Significant accounts receivable balances as a percentage of the Company’s total trade accounts receivable are as follows:

|  | June 30, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
GE Healthcare |  |  | 18 | % |  |  | 17 | %
MilliporeSigma |  |  | 10 | % |  |  | 11 | %

16. | Subsequent Events

Public Offering of Common Stock
On July 19, 2019, the Company completed a public offering in which 1,587,000
shares of its common stock, including the underwriters’ exercise in full of an option to purchase an additional 207,000
shares, were sold to the public at a price of $
87.00
per share
(the “Stock Offering”). The net proceeds of the Stock Offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, were approximately
$
130.7
million.
26
Public Offering of Convertible Senior Notes
On July 19, 2019, the Company issued $287.5
million aggregate principal amount of
0.375%
Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (“2019 Notes”), which includes the underwriters’ exercise in full of an option to purchase an additional
$
37.5
million aggregate principal amount of 2019 Notes (the “Notes Offering” and, together with the Stock Offering, the “Offerings”). The net proceeds of the Notes Offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, were approximately $278.4 million.
The 2019 Notes will be senior, unsecured obligations of the Company, and will bear interest at a rate of 0.375% per year. Interest will be payable semi-annually in arrears on January 15 and July 15 of each year, beginning on January 15, 2020. The 2019 Notes will mature on
July 15, 2024
, unless earlier repurchased or converted. The initial conversion rate for the 2019 Notes is 8.6749 shares of
the Company’s
common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2019 Notes (which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $
115.28
per share). Prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding April 15, 2024, the 2019 Notes will be convertible at the option of the holders of 2019 Notes only upon the satisfaction of specified conditions and during certain periods. Thereafter until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day preceding the maturity date, the 2019 Notes will be convertible at the options of the holders of 2019 Notes at any time regardless of these conditions. Conversion of the 2019 Notes will be settled in cash, shares of
the Company’s
common stock or a combination thereof, at
the Company’s election.
The 2019 Notes are not redeemable by the Company prior to maturity.
Holders of 2019 Notes may require the Company to repurchase their 2019 Notes upon the occurrence of certain events that constitute a fundamental change under the indenture governing the 2019 Notes at a purchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the date of repurchase. In connection with certain corporate events, the Company will, under certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for holders of 2019 Notes who elect to convert their 2019 Notes in connection with such corporate events.
Exchange and Redemption of 2016 Notes
Substantially concurrent with the closing of the Offerings, the Company used a portion of the net proceeds of the Offerings to exchange, with a limited number of holders in privately negotiated transactions,
$
92.0
million aggregate principal amount of its existing
2.125
%
Convertible Senior Notes due 2021 (the “2016 Notes”) for a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Note Exchanges”). The Company paid
$
92.3 million in cash, which represents the principal amount exchanged and accrued and unpaid interest thereon and issued
1,850,155 shares of common stock, to settle the Note Exchanges. Contemporaneously with the closing of the Offerings, the Company issued a notice of redemption in respect of the remaining
$
23.0 million principal amount of 2016 Notes, which the Company expects would result in the conversion of all or substantially all of the remaining 2016 Notes in accordance with their terms prior to the end of our third fiscal quarter of 2019. The Company intends to settle conversions of the remaining 2016 Notes with cash in an amount equal to the principal amount thereof and shares of the Company’s common stock in excess thereof.
27

ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview
Repligen and its subsidiaries, collectively doing business as Repligen Corporation (“Repligen”, “we”, “our”, or “the Company”) is a leading provider of advanced bioprocessing technologies and solutions used in the process of manufacturing biologic drugs. Our products are made to substantially increase biopharmaceutical manufacturing efficiencies and flexibility. As the global biologics market continues to experience strong growth and expansion, our customers – primarily large biopharmaceutical companies and contract manufacturing organizations – face critical production cost, capacity, quality and time pressures that our products are made to address. Our commitment to bioprocessing is helping set new standards for the way our customers manufacture biologic drugs – including monoclonal antibodies (“mAb”), recombinant proteins, vaccines and gene therapies. We are dedicated to “inspiring advances in bioprocessing” as a trusted partner in the production of biologic drugs that improve human health worldwide.
Our chromatography products feature
pre-packed
chromatography (“PPC”) columns under our OPUS
®
brand. OPUS columns, which we deliver to our customers
pre-packed
with their choice of chromatography resin, are single-campaign
(“single-use”)
disposable columns that replace the use of traditional and more permanent glass columns used in downstream purification processes. By designing OPUS to be a technologically advanced and flexible option for the purification of biologics from process development through clinical-scale and some commercial manufacturing, Repligen has become a leader in PPC columns.
Our filtration products offer a number of advantages to manufacturers of biologic drugs at volumes that span from pilot studies to clinical and commercial-scale production. XCell ATF
™
systems are used primarily in upstream perfusion, or continuous manufacturing, processes to increase cell concentration and significantly improve biologic product yield from a bioreactor. To address increasing industry demand for
“plug-and-play”
technology, we developed and launched in 2016
single-use
formats of the original stainless steel XCell ATF device. In December 2016, we acquired TangenX Technology Corporation (“TangenX”), balancing our upstream XCell ATF offering with a downstream portfolio of flat-sheet filters and cassettes used in biologic drug purification and formulation processes. The TangenX portfolio includes the
single-use
SIUS
™
TFF brand, providing customers with a high-performance,
low-cost
alternative to reusable TFF products. In August 2017, we completed our acquisition of Spectrum LifeSciences, LLC (“Spectrum”). Our Spectrum filtration brands include the KrosFlo
®
family of products, ProConnex
®
disposable flow-path products, TFF systems and others. The Spectrum Acquisition significantly strengthened our Filtration product line and diversifies our end markets beyond mAbs to include vaccine, recombinant protein and gene therapies.
We are a leading OEM manufacturer and supplier of Protein A ligands to life sciences companies. Protein A ligands are an essential “binding” component of Protein A chromatography resins used in the purification of virtually all mAb based drugs on the market or in development that our customers sell to end users, including biopharmaceutical manufacturers, for use in downstream purification of mAbs. We also manufacture and sell growth factor products used to supplement cell culture media in order to increase cell growth and productivity in a bioreactor.
Customers use our products to produce initial quantities of a drug for clinical studies and then
scale-up
to larger volumes as the drug progresses to commercial production following regulatory approval. Detailed specifications for a drug’s manufacturing process are included in the applications that biopharmaceutical companies file for marketing approval with regulators, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency, throughout the clinical trial process and prior to final commercial approval. As a result, products that become part of the manufacturing specifications of a late-stage clinical or commercial process can be very sensitive given the costs and uncertainties associated with displacing them.
C Technologies Acquisition
On April 25, 2019, the Company entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (“Purchase Agreement”) with C Technologies, Inc. (“C Technologies”), a New Jersey corporation, and Craig Harrison, an individual and sole stockholder of C Technologies. The deal was consummated on May 31, 2019, the acquisition date (the “C Technologies Acquisition”).
C Technologies sells instruments, consumables and accessories that are designed to allow bioprocessing technicians to measure the protein concentration of a liquid sample using C Technologies’ Slope Spectroscopy method, which eliminates the need for manual sample dilution. C Technologies’ lead product, the SoloVPE instrument platform, was launched in 2008 for
off-line
and
at-line
protein concentration measurements conducted in quality control, process development and manufacturing labs in the production of biological therapeutics. C Technologies’ FlowVPE platform, an extension of the SoloVPE technology, was designed to allow end users to make
in-line
protein concentration measurements in filtration, chromatography and fill-finish applications, designed to allow for real-time process monitoring.
28
The C Technologies Acquisition was accounted for as a purchase of a business under ASC 805,
“Business Combinations.”
The cash paid for the C Technologies Acquisition was $195.0 million, $186.0 million of which will be consideration transferred pursuant to ASC 805, and $9.0 million of which will be compensation expense for future employment, and 779,221 of unregistered common shares totaling $53.9 million (based on a per share price of $69.22), for a total purchase price of $239.9 million.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
A “critical accounting policy” is one which is both important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results and requires management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. For a description of our critical accounting policies that affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements, refer to Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and our significant accounting policies in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form
10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the SEC.
Results of Operations
The following discussion of the financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and the related footnotes thereto.
Revenues
Total revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Increase/ (Decrease) |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Increase/ (Decrease) |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
|  | (Amounts in thousands, except for percentage data) |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Products |  | $ | 70,670 |  |  | $ | 47,743 |  |  | $ | 22,927 |  |  |  | 48.0 | % |  | $ | 131,282 |  |  | $ | 92,542 |  |  | $ | 38,740 |  |  |  | 41.9 | %
Royalty and other |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | (12 | ) |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | (283.3 | %) |  |  | 44 |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 131.6 | %
Total revenue |  | $ | 70,692 |  |  | $ | 47,731 |  |  | $ | 22,961 |  |  |  | 48.1 | % |  | $ | 131,326 |  |  | $ | 92,561 |  |  | $ | 38,765 |  |  |  | 41.9 | %

Product revenues
Since 2016, we have been increasingly focused on selling our products directly to customers in the pharmaceutical industry and to our contract manufacturers. Direct sales represent approximately 71% of our product revenue in the second quarter of 2019 and 72% of our product sales for the first half of 2019. We expect that direct sales will continue to account for an increasing percentage of our product revenues. Sales of our bioprocessing products can be impacted by the timing of large-scale production orders and the regulatory approvals for such antibodies, which may result in significant quarterly fluctuations.
Revenue from our chromatography products includes the sale of our OPUS and OPUS PD chromatography columns, chromatography resins and ELISA test kits. Revenue from our filtration products includes the sale of our XCell ATF Systems and consumables, KrosFlo filtration products and SIUS filtration products. Revenue from protein products includes the sale of our Protein A ligands and cell culture growth factors. Revenue from our Process Analytics products includes the sale of our SoloVPE and FlowVPE systems and consumables. Other revenue primarily consists of revenue from the sale of our operating room products to hospitals as well as freight revenue.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, product revenue increased by $22.9 million, or 48% and $38.7 million, or 41.9%, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2018. The increase in both periods is due to the continued adoption of our products by our key bioprocessing customers, particularly our chromatography and filtration products. Sales of our bioprocessing products are impacted by the timing of orders, development efforts at our customers or
end-users
and regulatory approvals for biologics that incorporate our products, which may result in significant quarterly fluctuations. Such quarterly fluctuations are expected, but they may not be predictive of future revenue or otherwise indicate a trend. Additionally, there was a $2.2 million increase in revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to the same periods of 2018 due to revenues generated by C Technologies.
29
Royalty revenues
Royalty revenues in the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 relate to royalties received from a third-party systems manufacturer associated with our OPUS PD chromatography columns. Royalty revenues are variable and are dependent on sales generated by our partner.
Costs and operating expenses
Total costs and operating expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 were comprised of the following:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Increase/ (Decrease) |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Increase/ (Decrease) |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
|  | (Amounts in thousands, except for percentage data) |
Cost of product revenue |  | $ | 30,708 |  |  | $ | 21,088 |  |  | $ | 9,620 |  |  |  | 45.6 | % |  | $ | 57,553 |  |  | $ | 40,756 |  |  | $ | 16,797 |  |  |  | 41.2 | %
Research and development |  |  | 5,231 |  |  |  | 5,780 |  |  |  | (549 | ) |  |  | (9.5 | %) |  |  | 8,851 |  |  |  | 9,068 |  |  |  | (217 | ) |  |  | (2.4 | %)
Selling, general and administrative |  |  | 23,699 |  |  |  | 16,590 |  |  |  | 7,109 |  |  |  | 42.9 | % |  |  | 42,697 |  |  |  | 32,488 |  |  |  | 10,209 |  |  |  | 31.4 | %
Total costs and operating expenses |  | $ | 59,638 |  |  | $ | 43,458 |  |  | $ | 16,180 |  |  |  | 37.2 | % |  | $ | 109,101 |  |  | $ | 82,312 |  |  | $ | 26,789 |  |  |  | 32.5 | %

Cost of product revenue
Cost of product revenue increased 45.6% and 41.2% in the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018 due primarily to the increase in product revenue mentioned above.
Gross margins were 56.6% and 56.2% in the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. The gross margin for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 includes $1.2 million of amortization on an inventory
step-up
recorded in purchase accounting related to C Technologies Acquisition. Excluding this
step-up
amortization, gross margins for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 were 58.2% and 57.1%, respectively. The increase in gross margins is a result of the increase in revenue mentioned above offset by an increase in manufacturing headcount subsequent to June 30, 2018. Gross margins may fluctuate in future quarters based on expected production volume and product mix.
Research and development expenses
Research and development expenses are related to bioprocessing products, which include personnel, supplies and other research expenses. Due to the small size of the Company and the fact that these various programs share personnel and fixed costs, we do not track all of our expenses or allocate any fixed costs by program, and therefore, have not provided historical costs incurred by project. In addition to the legacy product research and development, the current
single-use
XCell ATF project incurs expenses related to product development, sterilization, validation testing, and other research related expenses.
Research and development expenses decreased 9.5% and 2.4% during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018. The decrease is primarily due to $2.3 million of investments made during the second quarter of 2018 to expand our proteins product offering through our development agreement with Navigo Proteins GmbH compared to only $0.5 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. This decrease was partially offset by an increase in research and development headcount subsequent to June 30, 2018 and an increase in stock-based compensation expense resulting from the increase in headcount and share price period over period.
We expect our research and development expenses for the rest of the year to increase slightly in order to support new product development.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses include the costs associated with selling our commercial products and costs required to support our marketing efforts, including legal, accounting, patent, shareholder services, amortization of intangible assets and other administrative functions.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, SG&A costs increased by $7.1 million, or 42.9%, and $10.2 million, or 31.4%, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2018. The increase is due to the continued expansion of our customer-facing activities to drive sales of our bioprocessing products and to the continued buildout of our administrative infrastructure, primarily through increased headcount, to support expected future growth. In addition, transaction fees related to the C Technologies Acquisition of $3.5 million and $4.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, were included in SG&A,
30
for which there were no comparable costs for the same periods of 2018. Sales commissions were higher in 2019 due to the increase in revenue and stock compensation expense increased during both periods in 2019 as compared to 2018 due to the increase in headcount and higher share prices period over period.
Other expenses, net
The table below provides detail regarding our other expenses, net:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Increase/ (Decrease) |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Increase/ (Decrease) |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
|  | (Amounts in thousands, except for percentage data) |
Investment income |  | $ | 1,005 |  |  | $ | 512 |  |  | $ | 493 |  |  |  | 96.3 | % |  | $ | 1,718 |  |  | $ | 693 |  |  | $ | 1,025 |  |  |  | 147.9 | %
Interest expense |  |  | (1,743 | ) |  |  | (1,669 | ) |  |  | (74 | ) |  |  | 4.4 | % |  |  | (3,469 | ) |  |  | (3,321 | ) |  |  | (148 | ) |  |  | 4.5 | %
Other (expenses) income |  |  | (697 | ) |  |  | 251 |  |  |  | (948 | ) |  |  | (377.7 | %) |  |  | (339 | ) |  |  | 321 |  |  |  | (660 | ) |  |  | (205.6 | %)
Total other expense, net |  | $ | (1,435 | ) |  | $ | (906 | ) |  | $ | (529 | ) |  |  | 58.4 | % |  | $ | (2,090 | ) |  | $ | (2,307 | ) |  | $ | 217 |  |  |  | (9.4 | %)

Investment income
Investment income includes income earned on invested cash balances. The increase of $0.5 million and $1.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2018 was attributable to higher average invested cash balances and higher interest rates on such invested cash balances. We expect investment income to vary based on changes in the amount of funds invested and fluctuation of interest rates.
Interest expense
Interest expense primarily includes interest related to our issuance of 2.125% Convertible Senior Notes due 2021 (the “2016 Notes”) in May 2016. Interest expense increased $0.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to the same periods of 2018, due to the decrease in the balance of debt issuance costs that are being amortized. As these costs decrease, the carrying value of the debt increases and interest calculated based on the carrying value increases as well.
Other (expenses) income
Changes in other (expenses) income during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to the same periods of 2018, are primarily attributable to foreign currency losses related to amounts due from
non-Swedish
kronor-based customers and cash balance denominated in U.S. dollars and British pounds held by Repligen Sweden AB. In addition, $0.5 million was included in other (expenses) income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, which represents a bridge loan commitment fee incurred as part of the C Technologies Acquisition.
Income tax provision
Income tax provision for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Increase/ (Decrease) |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Increase/ (Decrease) |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
|  | (Amounts in thousands, except for percentage data) |
Income tax provision |  | $ | 1,524 |  |  | $ | 629 |  |  | $ | 895 |  |  |  | 142.3 | % |  | $ | 3,987 |  |  | $ | 1,757 |  |  | $ | 2,230 |  |  |  | 126.9 | %
Effective tax rate |  |  | 15.8 | % |  |  | 18.7 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 19.8 | % |  |  | 22.1 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, we recorded an income tax provision of $1.5 million and $4.0 million, respectively. The effective tax rate was 15.8% and 19.8% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, and is based upon the estimated income for the year ending December 31, 2019 and the composition of the income in different jurisdictions. The effective tax rate was lower than the U.S. statutory rate of 21% due primarily to windfall benefits on stock option exercises and the vesting of restricted stock units.
31
Non-GAAP
Financial Measures
We provide
non-GAAP
adjusted income from operations; adjusted net income; and adjusted EBITDA as supplemental measures to GAAP measures regarding our operating performance. These financial measures exclude the items detailed below and, therefore, have not been calculated in accordance with GAAP. A detailed explanation and a reconciliation of each
non-GAAP
financial measure to its most comparable GAAP financial measure is provided below.
We include this financial information because we believe these measures provide a more accurate comparison of our financial results between periods and more accurately reflect how management reviews its financial results. We excluded the impact of certain acquisition-related items because we believe that the resulting charges do not accurately reflect the performance of our ongoing operations for the period in which such charges are incurred.
Non-GAAP
adjusted income from operations
Non-GAAP
adjusted income from operations is measured by taking income from operations as reported in accordance with GAAP and excluding acquisition and integration costs, intangible amortization and inventory
step-up
charges booked through our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). The following is a reconciliation of income from operations in accordance with GAAP to
non-GAAP
adjusted income from operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  | (Amounts in thousands) |
GAAP income from operations |  | $ | 11,054 |  |  | $ | 4,273 |  |  | $ | 22,225 |  |  | $ | 10,249 |
Non-GAAP adjustments to income from operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition and integration costs |  |  | 4,822 |  |  |  | 853 |  |  |  | 6,621 |  |  |  | 1,508 |
Intangible amortization |  |  | 3,051 |  |  |  | 2,634 |  |  |  | 5,662 |  |  |  | 5,298 |
Inventory step-up charges |  |  | 1,169 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,169 |  |  |  | — |
Non-GAAP adjusted income from operations |  | $ | 20,096 |  |  | $ | 7,760 |  |  | $ | 35,677 |  |  | $ | 17,055 |

Non-GAAP
adjusted net income
Non-GAAP
adjusted net income is measured by taking net income as reported in accordance with GAAP and excluding acquisition and integration costs and related tax effects, intangible amortization and related tax effects, inventory
step-up
charges and
non-cash
interest expense. The following are reconciliations of net income in accordance with GAAP to
non-GAAP
adjusted net income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  |  |  |  | Fully Diluted |  |  |  |  |  | Fully Diluted |
|  |  |  |  | Earnings per |  |  |  |  |  | Earnings per |
|  | Amount |  |  | Share |  |  | Amount |  |  | Share |
|  | (Amounts in thousands, except per share data) |
GAAP net income |  | $ | 8,095 |  |  | $ | 0.17 |  |  | $ | 2,738 |  |  | $ | 0.06 |
Non-GAAP adjustments to net income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition and integration costs |  |  | 5,322 |  |  |  | 0.11 |  |  |  | 853 |  |  |  | 0.02 |
Intangible amortization |  |  | 3,051 |  |  |  | 0.06 |  |  |  | 2,634 |  |  |  | 0.06 |
Inventory step-up charges |  |  | 1,169 |  |  |  | 0.02 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Non-cash interest expense |  |  | 1,124 |  |  |  | 0.02 |  |  |  | 1,053 |  |  |  | 0.02 |
Tax effect of intangible amortization and acquisition costs |  |  | (3,444 | ) |  |  | (0.07 | ) |  |  | (1,076 | ) |  |  | (0.02 | )
Non-GAAP adjusted net income |  | $ | 15,317 |  |  | $ | 0.31 |  |  | $ | 6,202 |  |  | $ | 0.14 |

32

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  |  |  |  | Fully Diluted |  |  |  |  |  | Fully Diluted |
|  |  |  |  | Earnings per |  |  |  |  |  | Earnings per |
|  | Amount |  |  | Share |  |  | Amount |  |  | Share |
|  | (Amounts in thousands, except per share data) |
GAAP net income |  | $ | 16,148 |  |  | $ | 0.34 |  |  | $ | 6,185 |  |  | $ | 0.14 |
Non-GAAP adjustments to net income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition and integration costs |  |  | 7,121 |  |  |  | 0.15 |  |  |  | 1,508 |  |  |  | 0.03 |
Intangible amortization |  |  | 5,662 |  |  |  | 0.12 |  |  |  | 5,298 |  |  |  | 0.12 |
Inventory step-up charges |  |  | 1,169 |  |  |  | 0.02 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Non-cash interest expense |  |  | 2,231 |  |  |  | 0.05 |  |  |  | 2,089 |  |  |  | 0.04 |
Tax effect of intangible amortization and acquisition costs |  |  | (3,961 | ) |  |  | (0.09 | ) |  |  | (2,108 | ) |  |  | (0.05 | )
Non-GAAP adjusted net income |  | $ | 28,370 |  |  | $ | 0.59 |  |  | $ | 14,054 |  |  | $ | 0.29 |

Per share totals may not add due to rounding.
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA is measured by taking net income as reported in accordance with GAAP, excluding investment income, interest expense, taxes, depreciation and amortization, acquisition and integration costs and inventory
step-up
charges booked through our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). The following is a reconciliation of net income in accordance with GAAP to adjusted EBITDA for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  | (Amounts in thousands) |
GAAP net income |  | $ | 8,095 |  |  | $ | 2,738 |  |  | $ | 16,148 |  |  | $ | 6,185 |
Non-GAAP EBITDA adjustments to net income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment income |  |  | (1,005 | ) |  |  | (512 | ) |  |  | (1,718 | ) |  |  | (693 | )
Interest expense |  |  | 1,743 |  |  |  | 1,669 |  |  |  | 3,469 |  |  |  | 3,321 |
Tax provision |  |  | 1,524 |  |  |  | 629 |  |  |  | 3,987 |  |  |  | 1,757 |
Depreciation |  |  | 1,762 |  |  |  | 1,314 |  |  |  | 3,337 |  |  |  | 2,598 |
Amortization |  |  | 3,079 |  |  |  | 2,634 |  |  |  | 5,716 |  |  |  | 5,298 |
EBITDA |  |  | 15,198 |  |  |  | 8,472 |  |  |  | 30,939 |  |  |  | 18,466 |
Other non-GAAP adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition and integration costs |  |  | 5,322 |  |  |  | 853 |  |  |  | 7,121 |  |  |  | 1,508 |
Inventory step-up charges |  |  | 1,169 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,169 |  |  |  | — |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 21,689 |  |  | $ | 9,325 |  |  | $ | 39,229 |  |  | $ | 19,974 |

Liquidity and Capital Resources
We have financed our operations primarily through revenues derived from product sales, the issuance of the 2016 Notes in May 2016 and our 2019 Notes (defined below) in July 2019 and the issuance of common stock in our July 2019, May 2019 and July 2017 public offerings. Our revenue for the foreseeable future will primarily be limited to our bioprocessing product revenue.
At June 30, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $208.9 million compared to cash, cash equivalents of $193.8 million at December 31, 2018.
We acquired C Technologies on May 31, 2019 for $239.9 million in cash and shares of our common stock. The C Technologies Acquisition was funded through payment of approximately $195.0 million in cash and 779,221 unregistered shares of the Company’s common stock totaling $53.9 million.
During the second quarter of 2019, the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeded 130% of the conversion price of the 2016 Notes for more than 20 trading days of the last 30 consecutive trading days of the quarter. As a result, the 2016 Notes are convertible at the option of the holders of the 2016 Notes during the third quarter of 2019. The 2016 Notes have a face value of $115.0 million and a carrying value of $105.7 million and are classified as current liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2019.
33
On May 3, 2019, the Company completed a public offering in which 3,144,531 shares of its common stock, which includes the underwriters’ exercise in full of an option to purchase up to an additional 410,156 shares, were sold to the public at a price of $64.00 per share. The total proceeds received by the Company from this offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions, totaled approximately $190.2 million. Proceeds from this public offering were partially used to fund the C Technologies Acquisition on May 31, 2019.
On July 19, 2019, the Company completed a public offering in which 1,587,000 shares of its common stock, which includes the underwriters’ exercise in full of an option to purchase an additional 207,000 shares, were sold to the public at a price of $87.00 per share for $130.7 million in net proceeds to the Company, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company (the “Stock Offering”).
On July 19, 2019, the Company issued $287.5 million aggregate principal amount of 0.375% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (“2019 Notes”), which includes the underwriters’ exercise in full of an option to purchase an additional $37.5 million aggregate principal amount of 2019 Notes (the “Notes Offering” and, together with the Stock Offering, the “Offerings”). The net proceeds of the Notes Offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, were $278.4 million. See Note 16,
“Subsequent Events – Public Offering of Convertible Senior Notes,”
included in this report
for more information on this transaction. We intend to use the net proceeds from the Offerings for working capital and other general corporate purposes, including up to $115 million to finance the redemption, or a portion of the consideration due in connection with an exchange or purchase of, the 2016 Notes and the remainder for working capital and other general corporate purposes, including to fund possible acquisitions of, or investments in, complementary businesses, products, services and technologies. It is the Company’s policy and intent to settle the face value of the 2019 Notes in cash and any excess conversion premium in shares of our common stock.
Substantially concurrent with the closing of the Notes Offerings, the Company completed privately negotiated transactions with certain holders of the 2016 Notes to exchange an aggregate of $92.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2016 Notes for a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Note Exchanges”). The Company used $92.3 million in cash and issued 1,850,155 shares of common stock, to settle the Note Exchanges.
Contemporaneously with the closing of the Offerings, the Company issued a notice of redemption in respect of the 2016 Notes, which provides that, on September 23, 2019, the Company will redeem all 2016 Notes that have not been converted, repurchased or exchanged prior to such date at a redemption price in cash equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest.
Cash flows

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Increase/(Decrease) |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | $ Change |
|  | (Amounts in thousands) |
Operating activities |  | $ | 27,577 |  |  | $ | 7,535 |  |  | $ | 20,042 |
Investing activities |  |  | (191,305 | ) |  |  | (4,412 | ) |  |  | (186,893 | )
Financing activities |  |  | 190,172 |  |  |  | 1,479 |  |  |  | 188,693 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  | (2,449 | ) |  |  | (2,750 | ) |  |  | 301 |
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  | $ | 23,995 |  |  | $ | 1,852 |  |  | $ | 22,143 |

Operating activities
For the six months ended June 30, 2019, our operating activities provided cash of $27.6 million reflecting net income of $16.1 million and
non-cash
charges totaling $18.5 million primarily related to depreciation, amortization,
non-cash
interest expense, deferred tax expense and stock-based compensation charges. An increase in accounts receivable consumed $7.3 million of cash and was primarily driven by the 48%
year-to-date
increase in revenues. An increase in inventory consumed $4.1 million to support future revenue, due to the addition of C Technologies on May 31, 2019. These were offset by an increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $2.1 million due to the addition of C Technologies and a decrease in unbilled receivables of $2.1 million. The remaining cash provided by operating activities resulted from favorable changes in various other working capital accounts.
For the six months ended June 30, 2018, our operating activities provided cash of $7.5 million reflecting net income of $6.2 million and
non-cash
charges totaling $15.2 million, primarily related to depreciation, amortization,
non-cash
interest expense, deferred tax expense and stock-based compensation charges. An increase in accounts receivable consumed $4.8 million of cash and was primarily driven by the 47%
year-to-date
increase in revenues. An increase in inventory consumed $3.1 million of cash, related to increasing inventory
34
levels to accommodate future revenue growth. Decreases in accounts payable and accrued liabilities consumed $4.7 million of cash, and were mainly due to the timing of payments of payables and payment of 2017 incentive compensation programs. The remaining cash flow used in operations resulted from net unfavorable changes in various other working capital accounts.
Investing activities
Our investing activities consumed $191.3 million of cash during the six months ended June 30, 2019. We used $182.2 million in cash (net of cash received) for the C Technologies Acquisition on May 31, 2019. Capital expenditures consumed $9.1 million as we continue to increase our manufacturing capacity worldwide. Of these expenditures, $3.3 million represented capitalized costs related to our
internal-use
software.
Financing activities
Cash provided by financing activities of $190.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 included $189.6 million from the issuance of our common stock resulting from our public offering completed in May 2019. Proceeds from stock option exercises during the
six-month
period were $0.6 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, our financing activities provided $1.5 million of cash, primarily due to proceeds received from stock option exercises, partially offset by cash outlays of $11,000 related to the conversion of certain 2016 Notes, which settled in the first quarter of 2018.
Working capital increased by approximately $29.7 million to $175.6 million at June 30, 2019 from $145.9 million at December 31, 2018 due to the various changes noted above, including the C Technologies Acquisition.
Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the following:

| • | the expansion of our bioprocessing business;

| • | the ability to sustain sales and profits of our bioprocessing products;

| • | our ability to acquire additional bioprocessing products;

| • | our identification and execution of strategic acquisitions or business combinations;

| • | the resources required to successfully integrate our recently acquired businesses and recognize expected synergies;

| • | the scope of and progress made in our research and development activities;

| • | the extent of any share repurchase activity; and

| • | the success of any proposed financing efforts.

Absent acquisitions of additional products, product candidates or intellectual property, we believe our current cash balances are adequate to meet our cash needs for at least the next 24 months from the date of this filing. We expect operating expenses for the rest of the year to increase as we continue to expand our bioprocessing business. We expect to incur continued spending related to the development and expansion of our bioprocessing product lines and expansion of our commercial capabilities for the foreseeable future. Our future capital requirements may include, but are not limited to, purchases of property, plant and equipment, the acquisition of additional bioprocessing products and technologies to complement our existing manufacturing capabilities, and continued investment in our intellectual property portfolio.
We plan to continue to invest in our bioprocessing business and in key research and development activities associated with the development of new bioprocessing products. We actively evaluate various strategic transactions on an ongoing basis, including licensing or acquiring complementary products, technologies or businesses that would complement our existing portfolio. We continue to seek to acquire such potential assets that may offer us the best opportunity to create value for our shareholders. In order to acquire such assets, we may need to seek additional financing to fund these investments. If our available cash balances and anticipated cash flow from operations are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements, including because of any such acquisition-related financing needs or lower demand for our products, we may seek to sell common or preferred equity or convertible debt securities, enter into a credit facility or another form of third-party funding, or seek other debt funding. The sale of equity and convertible debt securities may result in dilution to our stockholders, and those securities may have rights senior to those of our common shares. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of preferred stock, convertible debt securities or other debt financing, these securities or other debt could contain covenants that would restrict our operations. Any other third-party funding arrangement could require us to relinquish valuable rights. We may require additional capital beyond our currently anticipated amounts. Additional capital may not be available on reasonable terms, if at all.
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any special purpose entities or
off-balance
sheet financing arrangements as of June 30, 2019.
35
Net Operating Loss Carryforwards
At December 31, 2018, we had utilized our remaining $19.5 million of net operating loss carryforwards. We had business tax credits carryforwards of $2.9 million available to reduce future federal income taxes, if any. The business tax credits carryforwards will continue to expire at various dates through December 2038. Net operating loss carryforwards and available tax credits are subject to review and possible adjustment by the Internal Revenue Service, state and foreign jurisdictions and may be limited in the event of certain changes in the ownership interest of significant stockholders.
Effects of Inflation
Our assets are primarily monetary, consisting of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. Because of their liquidity, these assets are not directly affected by inflation. Since we intend to retain and continue to use our equipment, furniture and fixtures and leasehold improvements, we believe that the incremental inflation related to replacement costs of such items will not materially affect our operations. However, the rate of inflation affects our expenses, such as those for employee compensation and contract services, which could increase our level of expenses and the rate at which we use our resources.
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q
contains forward-looking statements which are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q
do not constitute guarantees of future performance. Investors are cautioned that statements in this Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q
which are not strictly historical statements, including, without limitation, express or implied statements or guidance regarding current or future financial performance and position, potential impairment of future earnings, management’s strategy, plans and objectives for future operations or acquisitions, product development and sales, product candidate research, development and regulatory approval, selling, general and administrative expenditures, intellectual property, development and manufacturing plans, availability of materials and product and adequacy of capital resources and financing plans constitute forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about the industry and markets in which the Company operates, and management’s beliefs and assumptions. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise the statements in light of future developments. In addition, other written and oral statements that constitute forward-looking statements may be made by the Company or on the Company’s behalf. Words such as “expect,” “seek,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “may,” “target,” “project,” or variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated, including, without limitation, risks associated with: the success of current and future collaborative or supply relationships, including our agreements with GE Healthcare and MilliporeSigma, our ability to successfully grow our bioprocessing business, including as a result of acquisitions, commercialization or partnership opportunities, and our ability to develop and commercialize products, our ability to obtain required regulatory approvals, our compliance with all Food and Drug Administration regulations, our ability to obtain, maintain and protect intellectual property rights for our products, the risk of litigation regarding our patent and other intellectual property rights, the risk of litigation with collaborative partners, our limited manufacturing capabilities and our dependence on third-party manufacturers and value-added resellers, our ability to hire and retain skilled personnel, the market acceptance of our products, reduced demand for our products that adversely impacts our future revenues, cash flows, results of operations and financial condition, our ability to compete with larger, better financed life sciences companies, our history of losses and expectation of incurring losses, our ability to generate future revenues, our ability to successfully integrate our recently acquired businesses, our ability to raise additional capital to fund potential acquisitions, our volatile stock price, and the effects of our anti-takeover provisions. Further information on potential risk factors that could affect our financial results are included in the filings made by us from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission including under the section entitled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form
10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2018.

ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Interest Rate Risk
We have historically held investments in commercial paper, U.S. Government and agency securities as well as corporate bonds and other debt securities. As a result, we have been exposed to potential loss from market risks that may occur as a result of changes in interest rates, changes in credit quality of the issuer or otherwise. We do not have any such investments as of June 30, 2019. As a result, a hypothetical 100 basis point increase in interest ratees would have no effect on our cash position as of June 30, 2019.
We generally place our marketable security investments in high quality credit instruments, as specified in our investment policy guidelines. We believe that the conservative nature of our investments mitigates our interest rate exposure, and our investment policy limits the amount of our credit exposure to any one issue, issuer (with the exception of U.S. agency obligations) and type of instrument. We do not expect any material loss from our marketable security investments and therefore believe that our potential interest rate exposure is limited.
36
Foreign Exchange Risk
The reporting currency of the Company is U.S. dollars, and the functional currency of each of our foreign subsidiaries is its respective local currency. Our foreign currency exposures include the Swedish kronor, Euro, British pound, Chinese yuan, Japanese yen, Singapore dollar, South Korean won and Indian rupee; of these, the primary foreign currency exposures are the Swedish kronor, Euro and British pound. Exchange gains or losses resulting from the translation between the transactional currency and the functional currency are included in net income. Fluctuations in exchange rates may adversely affect our results of operations, financial position and cash flows. We currently do not seek to hedge this exposure to fluctuations in exchange rates.

ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company’s management, with the participation of the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules
13a-15(e)
or
15d-15(e)
under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, on a timely basis, and is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Company’s principal executive officer and the Company’s principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control
We acquired C Technologies on May 31, 2019. The financial results of C Technologies are included in our unaudited consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2019 and for the quarter then ended. The C Technologies business represented approximately $2.2 million of revenue and ($1.5) million of net loss, respectively, for the quarter ended June 30, 2019. As this acquisition occurred in the second quarter of 2019, the scope of our assessment of our internal control over financial reporting does not include C Technologies. This exclusion is in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission’s general guidance that an assessment of a recently acquired business may be omitted from our scope in the year of acquisition.
Other than the foregoing, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Securities Exchange Act Rule
13a-15
or Rule
15d-15
that occurred in the three months ended June 30, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
37
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. We are not currently aware of any such proceedings or claims that we believe will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS

The matters discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q
include forward-looking statements that involve risks or uncertainties. These statements are neither promises nor guarantees, but are based on various assumptions by management regarding future circumstances, over many of which Repligen has little or no control. A number of important risks and uncertainties, including those identified under the caption “Risk Factors” in Item 1A in our Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q
for the period ended March 31, 2019 and in subsequent filings, could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. There are no material changes to the risk factors described in our Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q
for the period ended March 31, 2019.

ITEM 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

C Technologies Acquisition
Pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement described in Note 3,
“Acquisition of C Technologies, Inc.,”
to the consolidated financial statements, on May 31, 2019, the Company issued 779,221 unregistered shares of the Company’s common stock totaling $53.9 million as part of the consideration for the Company’s acquisition of C Technologies. The issuance is not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, in reliance upon the exemption from registration provided by Rule 506(b) of Regulation D.
Exchange and Redemption of 2016 Notes
On July 16, 2019, the Company entered into separate privately negotiated agreements with certain holders of its outstanding 2.125% Convertible Senior Notes due 2021 (the “2016 Notes”) to exchange an aggregate of $92.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2016 Notes for shares of the Company’s common stock, together with cash, in private placement transactions pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act (the “Note Exchanges”).
Each holder of 2016 Notes that participated in the Note Exchanges represented to the Company that it was either institutional “accredited investor” within the meaning of Rule 501 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act or a “qualified institutional buyer” within the meaning of Rule 144A promulgated under the Securities Act.
On July 19, 2019 and July 22, 2019, the Company used $92.3 million and 1,850,155 shares of its common stock to settle the Note Exchanges.
For more information regarding our 2016 Notes, see Note 8,
“Convertible Senior Notes,”
to the consolidated financial statements.

ITEM 3. | DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. | OTHER INFORMATION

None.
38

ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS

| (a) | Exhibits

Exhibit Number |  |  | Document Description
| 2.1† |  |  | Stock Purchase Agreement, dated April 25, 2019, by and among Repligen Corporation, C Technologies and Craig Harrison (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Repligen Corporation’s Form 8-K filed on April 26, 2019).
| 3.1 |  |  | Restated Certificate of Incorporation, dated September 30, 1992 and amended September 17, 1999 (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Repligen Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1999 and incorporated herein by reference).
| 3.2 |  |  | Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Repligen Corporation, effective as of May 16, 2014 (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Repligen Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 19, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference).
| 3.3 |  |  | Second Amended and Restated Bylaws (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Repligen Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 23, 2017 and incorporated herein by reference).
| 4.1 |  |  | Base Indenture, dated as of July 19, 2019, by and between Repligen Corporation and Wilmington Trust, National Association (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Repligen Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 22, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference).
| 4.2 |  |  | First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 19, 2019, by and between Repligen Corporation and Wilmington Trust, National Association (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to Repligen Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 22, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference).
| 4.3 |  |  | Form of 0.375% Convertible Senior Note due 2024 (included in Exhibit 4.2).
| 10.1 |  |  | Fifth Amendment to Lease, dated as of May 29, 2019, between Repligen Corporation as Tenant and HRE-S-Centerpoint, LLC as Landlord, 41 Seyon Street, Waltham, Massachusetts (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Repligen Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 31, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference).
| 10.2# |  |  | Repligen Corporation Named Executive Officer Severance and Change in Control Plan, effective as of June 13, 2019 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Repligen Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 19, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference).
| 10.3# |  |  | Second Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of June 15, 2019, by and between Repligen Corporation and Tony J. Hunt (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Repligen Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 19, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference).
| 31.1 + |  |  | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification.
| 31.2 + |  |  | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification.
| 32.1* |  |  | Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
| 101.INS + |  |  | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
| 101.SCH + |  |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
| 101.CAL + |  |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
| 101.DEF + |  |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
| 101.LAB + |  |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
| 101.PRE + |  |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
| 104 + |  |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101.*)

† | Portions of this exhibit (indicated by asterisks) have been omitted in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

# | Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

+ | Filed herewith.

* | Furnished herewith.

39
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | REPLIGEN CORPORATION
Date: August 1, 2019 |  | By: |  | / s / Tony J. Hunt
|  |  |  | Tony J. Hunt
|  |  |  | President and Chief Executive Officer
|  |  |  | (Principal executive officer)
|  |  |  | Repligen Corporation
Date: August 1, 2019 |  | By: |  | / s / Jon Snodgres
|  |  |  | Jon Snodgres
|  |  |  | Chief Financial Officer
|  |  |  | (Principal financial officer)
|  |  |  | Repligen Corporation

40